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574:, after his ascension to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, conducted his affairs in the Royal Palace as well as in Vilnius Cathedral. During the rule of Sigismund I the palace was greatly expanded, to meet new needs of the Grand Duke – another wing was added, as well as a third floor; the gardens were also extended. By contemporary accounts the palace was worth 100,000
919:, 100,000 people gathered at the Castle Complex as the flag was re-hoisted. The tower and the hill, with the flag raised at its summit, are symbols of Lithuania's statehood and its struggle for independence, echoing a long tradition whereby sovereignty over the city was demonstrated by the flag flown there.
855:
and this work was continued by his son
Sigismund II Augustus. During a 16th-century reconstruction a new wing was built; in the mid-16th century and at the beginning of the 17th century, two more wings were built. According to contemporary accounts, the Old Arsenal at that time housed about 180 heavy
412:
and
Vytautas assumed the title of Grand Duke. During his reign the Upper Castle underwent its most notable redevelopment. After a major fire in 1419, Vytautas initiated a reconstruction of the Upper Castle, along with the fortification of other buildings in the complex. The present-day remains of the
922:
After preservation work was completed at the
Gediminas Tower in 1968, it became a branch of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first floor of the tower exhibits photographs taken in Vilnius during the 19th and 20th centuries and models of historic Vilnius and the Castle Complex. The second floor
914:
by the construction of a lift. It ascends about 70 meters during the 30-second ride, and holds sixteen passengers. Atop the tower, on 1 January 1919, the
Lithuanian tricolor was hoisted for the first time. To commemorate this event, 1 January is now Flag Day, and the Lithuanian flag is ceremonially
541:
palace stood there as well. The stone Royal Palace was built in the 15th century, apparently after the major fire in 1419. The existing stone buildings and defensive structures of the Lower Castle, which blocked the construction, were demolished. The Royal Palace was built in Gothic style. The Keep
676:
After the
Russian invasion in 1655, the state began weakening, with negative effects on the Royal Palace. The palace was greatly damaged by war, and its treasures were plundered. After the recapture of the city of Vilnius in 1660-1661, the palace was no longer a suitable state residence, and stood
491:
The Castle
Complex has been inhabited since Neolithic times. Prior to the 13th century, its structures were built from wood. In the 13–14th centuries defensive walls, towers and gateways were built from stone; these were reorganized and expanded several times. The only freestanding structures that
938:
departments, as well as the Museum of
Applied Art. The museum contains about one million artifacts, covering a wide historic spectrum. Its collection includes pieces from Lithuania's prehistoric era, coins used throughout Lithuania's history, and a wide variety of artifacts dating from the
909:
Gediminas Tower is a dominant and distinctive object in the skyline of the old city. An observation platform at its summit affords a panoramic view of
Vilnius. In 2003, as part of the celebrations surrounding the 750th anniversary of the coronation of Mindaugas, the tower was made more
285:
times. The hill was strengthened with defensive wooden walls that were fortified with stone in the 9th century. Around the 10th century a wooden castle was built, and since about the 13th century the hilltop has been surrounded by stone walls with towers. During the rule of
413:
Upper Castle date from this era. Vytautas had spent about four years with the
Teutonic Order during the civil war. He had the opportunity to study the architecture of the castles of the Teutonic Order and adopt some of their elements in his residence in Vilnius.
867:. The building, which was used to house soldiers, is well preserved. Its outer wall was part of the defensive wall system. During the 16th century its tower guided ships in the Neris river. The arsenal also occasionally contained castle administrative offices.
773:
were added. During this period the cathedral acquired architectural features associated with the
Renaissance. After a fire in 1610, it was rebuilt once again, and the two front towers were added. It was renovated and decorated several more times.
459:
After the 16th century, the Upper Castle was not maintained, and it suffered from neglect. Until the early 17th century, a prison for noblemen was located in the Upper Castle. It was used as a fortress for the last time during the invasion of the
525:
The Grand Ducal Palace in the Lower Castle evolved over the years and prospered during the 16th and mid-17th centuries. For four centuries the Palace was the political, administrative and cultural center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
677:
abandoned for about 150 years. In the late 18th century, after the fall of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, several families lived in parts of the ruined palace. Soon after the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was incorporated into the
681:, Tsarist officials ordered the demolition of the remaining sections of the Royal Palace. The Palace was almost completely demolished by the early 19th century. The bricks of former palace had been sold in 1799 to a merchant from
242:
in 1390 and was never rebuilt. The Vilnius Castles were attacked several times by the Teutonic Order after 1390, but they did not succeed in taking the entire complex. Its complete capture occurred for the first time during the
760:, a second Gothic cathedral with five chapels was built. In 1419 the cathedral burned down. In its place Vytautas built a larger Gothic cathedral. In 1522, the cathedral was renovated, and written sources mentioned a
796:
style, and the church acquired its strict quadrangular shape. This design has survived to the present day. Between 1786 and 1792 three sculptures were placed on the roof - Saint Casimir on the south side,
764:
for the first time. The bell tower was built on the site of a defensive tower of the Lower Castle around the 15th century. After a fire in 1530, the cathedral was rebuilt again, and from 1534 to 1557 more
392:
At the time of the 1390 attack, the Complex consisted of three sections - the Upper, Lower and Crooked Castles. The Teutonic Knights managed to take and destroy the Crooked Castle, situated on Bleak Hill
377:, commanded by their Grand Master. At times during the civil war, Vytautas supported the Orders' attacks on the castles, having struck an alliance with them in his quest for the title of
2469:
297:
851:– the so-called New and Old - during its history. The Old Arsenal was established in the 15th century, during the rule of Vytautas the Great. It was expanded during the reign of
401:), but failed to capture the others. During the 1394 attack, the Vilnius Castles were besieged for over three weeks, and one of its defense towers was damaged and fell into the
346:
831:
The cathedral was converted to secular uses during the 1950s. Its re-dedication as a church in the late 1980s was celebrated as a turning point in modern Lithuanian history.
1836:
Ragauskienė, R.; Antanavičius, D.; Burba, D.; ir kt. Vilniaus žemutinė pilis XIV a. – XIX a. pradžioje: 2002–2004 m. istorinių šaltinių paieškos. Vilnius. 2006
623:'s emissary, the Royal Palace at that time contained more treasures than the Vatican. Sigismund II also assembled one of the largest collection of books in Europe.
1842:
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in 1365, 1375, 1377, 1383, 1390, 1392, 1394 and 1402, but was never completely taken. The most damaging assaults were led by the Teutonic Order marshals
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561:, moved his residence to the Royal Palace, where he met with ambassadors. He ordered the renovation of the palace. After his marriage to a daughter of
2189:
341:. As Vilnius evolved into one of the most important cities in the state, it became a primary military target. The Castle Complex was attacked by the
337:
for more than two centuries. The Orders were seeking to conquer Lithuania, stating that their motivation was the conversion of pagan Lithuanians to
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1753:
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2285:
1626:
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193:; 10. Palace garden; 11. The New Arsenal, currently a museum; 12. Northeastern tower and gates of the Old Arsenal; 13. Yard of Old Arsenal
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During the rule of Vasas, several notable ceremonies took place in the palace, including the wedding of Duke John, who later became King
607:
was crowned Grand Duke of Lithuania in the Royal Palace. Augustus carried on with palace development and lived there with his first wife
2256:
274:
One part of the castle complex, which was built on the top, is known as the Upper Castle. The hill on which it is built is known as the
278:, whose made over flat top is an oval of sizes 40–48 meters (130–160 ft) in height and around 160 meters (170 yards) in length.
251:
annexation, several historic buildings were demolished; many more were damaged during the fortress construction in the 19th century.
483:, remains standing. It is a symbol of Vilnius and of Lithuania. Only a few remnants of the castle's keep and other towers survived.
1159:
227:, Lithuania. The buildings, which evolved between the 10th and 18th centuries, were one of Lithuania's major defensive structures.
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hall, on the second floor, was the largest hall (10 x 30 m) within the complex; it was a little smaller than the hall of the
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365:. Many noblemen from Western Europe participated in this military campaign, including Henry, Earl of Derby, the future king
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Several notable historic figures are entombed in the cathedral's crypts, including Vytautas the Great (1430), his brother
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army managed to recapture Vilnius and the castles. Afterwards the Upper Castle stood abandoned and was not reconstructed.
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1891:
1804:
692:(Lithuanian Parliament) passed a law in 2000 resolving that the Royal Palace be rebuilt for ceremonies commemorating the
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444:(10 x 21 m). Reconstruction of the castle ended in 1422. The state had made plans to host the coronation of the
247:. Soon afterwards, the severely damaged castles lost their importance, and many buildings were abandoned. During the
902:
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in Lithuania was staged in the palace in 1634. Marco Scacchi and Virgilio Puccitelli were the opera's impresarios.
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style in the 16th century. The plan was prepared by several Italian architects, including Giovanni Cini da Siena,
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formed a complex and stood side by side during the centuries, but the two buildings have different histories.
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1942:
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2323:
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The New Arsenal was established in one of the oldest castle buildings in the 18th century, by order of the
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Other surviving buildings at the Castle Complex house offices of the National Museum of Lithuania and its
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2167:
952:
1529:
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raised at the tower, as well as elsewhere in Lithuania. On 7 October 1988, during Lithuania's drive to
2235:
860:
793:
190:
1847:
1500:
650:. Matteo Castello, Giacopo Tencalla, and other artists participated in the 17th-century renovation.
1981:
1779:
802:
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244:
886:; some sections were restored after World War II and in 1987 and 1997. The arsenals now house the
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1962:
2019:
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is a major symbol of the city of Vilnius and of the nation itself. Annually, on 1 January, the
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The two principal buildings of the Lower Castle are the Royal Palace and Vilnius Cathedral.
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8:
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had three wings; research suggests that it was a two-story building with a basement.
445:
416:
409:
334:
259:
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34:
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1704:"Chronology of Seminal Events Preceding the Declaration of Lithuania's Independence"
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2039:
2004:
1909:
1580:
967:
817:
239:
103:
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Political construction sites: nation-building in Russia and the post-Soviet states
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is hoisted on Gediminas Tower to commemorate Flag Day. The complex is part of the
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2121:
864:
480:
325:
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173:
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634:, and others. The palace was visited by Ippolito Aldobrandini, who later became
2029:
1999:
1676:
1432:
927:, along with authentic weaponry used from the 13th through the 18th centuries.
678:
374:
342:
275:
230:
The complex consisted of three castles: the Upper, the Lower, and the Crooked (
813:
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was worshipped at this location. It has been proposed that King of Lithuania,
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Vytautas the Great in the castle, which were disrupted by his untimely death.
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1703:
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in the center. These sculptures were removed in 1950 and restored in 1997.
757:
749:. After Mindaugas' death in 1263, the cathedral reverted to the worship of
730:
220:
1554:
384:
215:) is a group of cultural, and historic structures on the left bank of the
2024:
1852:. Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies rūmai (1996-1998 metų tyrimai). Vilnius. 2003
940:
935:
627:
597:
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of the Upper Castle, as well as the Royal Palace, were meant to host the
402:
338:
176:); 2. Southern tower (foundations remain); 3. Castle Keep (ruins remain)
1280:
Lithuania Ascending a pagan empire within east-central Europe, 1295-1345
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1989:
1885:
1095:
931:
761:
693:
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exhibits flags that were used by Vytautas the Great's army during the
619:, also lived in the palace. According to contemporary accounts of the
2318:
1157:
742:
658:
582:
287:
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137:
25:
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The civil war between Vytautas and Jogaila was resolved by the 1392
2014:
1707:
879:
848:
620:
615:. She was buried in Vilnius Cathedral. Sigismund II's second wife,
565:
468:, a foreign army captured the entire complex. Six years later, the
461:
1109:
788:
In 1783, the cathedral was reconstructed according to a design by
2069:
1932:
1161:
Memory and the impact of political transformation in public space
1029:"Lietuvos pilys ir jų panaudojimo kultūriniam turizmui galimybės"
643:
592:. In this palace Sigismund the Old welcomed an emissary from the
530:
362:
224:
1217:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus. 31 October 2019
878:
During Tsarist rule, both arsenals housed soldiers and military
451:
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Archaeological data shows that the site has been occupied since
163:
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689:
638:. Another major development took place during the reign of the
558:
547:
538:
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1729:
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and later. About 250,000 tourists visit the museum annually.
770:
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style with glazed green tiling on its roof. The Upper Castle
306:
216:
1897:
The Association of Castles and Museums around the Baltic Sea
1026:
1552:
1214:
816:(1452), Saint Casimir (1484), Alexander (1506), and two of
429:
2470:
Objects listed in Lithuanian Registry of Cultural Property
1901:
745:, built the original cathedral in 1251 as the site of his
578:. The palace reconstruction plan was probably prepared by
189:; 7. Palace of Supreme Tribunal; 8. Palace of bishops; 9.
1878:
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Valdovų rūmų radiniai
521:
Ruins of the ducal palace, drawn in the late 18th century
440:, and much larger than the hall at the Duke's Palace in
756:
In 1387, the year that Lithuania formally converted to
1603:
Teutonic Knights: From the Holy Land to the Baltic Sea
1523:
1388:
669:, and Sigismund Augustus' sister Catherine. The first
1751:
1423:
1192:. Lithuanian Department of Statistics. Archived from
294:
city; in 1323, the castle was improved and expanded.
1642:
1494:
1417:
1241:
Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis/Lietuvos valdovų rūmai
1358:Tannenberg 1410. Disaster for the Teutonic Knights
588:, who also designed several other projects in the
568:, the royal couple lived and died in the palace.
479:. At this time, only the western tower, known as
2431:
210:
2190:Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
1490:
1488:
1158:Daniel J. Walkowitz, Lisa Maya Knauer (2004).
486:
305:of the ruins of the Vilnius Upper Castle with
269:
2301:
1917:
882:. The buildings suffered major damage during
492:remain intact are those at the Lower Castle.
475:The complex suffered major damage during the
266:, one of the largest museums in the country.
238:). The Crooked Castle was burned down by the
1485:
1394:
642:. The Royal Palace was refurbished in early
1455:Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis/Vilniaus pilys
1238:
1120:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 104.
185:); 5. Road and bridge to Tiltas Street; 6.
2308:
2294:
1924:
1910:
1777:
1668:
1625:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1477:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1380:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1341:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1302:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1263:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1140:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1076:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
529:In the 13th and 14th centuries there were
1864:Budreika E. Lietuvos pilys. Vilnius. 1971
1771:
1745:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1310:
1234:
1232:
1096:"Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies Valdovų rūmai"
1022:
1020:
1018:
1519:
1517:
1355:
1115:
1089:
1087:
1047:
1045:
897:
869:
838:
776:
713:
652:
533:structures within the palace site; some
516:
508:
450:
415:
383:
324:
316:
296:
162:
2465:Castles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2180:Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
1858:Drėma V. Dingęs Vilnius. Vilnius. 1991.
1798:
1796:
1730:Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
1698:
1696:
1452:
1446:
1056:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 326.
1000:Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
995:
993:
2432:
2175:Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
1803:Lituvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
1638:
1636:
1568:
1548:
1546:
1321:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 42.
1316:
1277:
1229:
1153:
1151:
1093:
1051:
1015:
893:
890:and the National Museum of Lithuania.
505:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
424:The Upper Castle was reconstructed in
2289:
2243:Vilnius Palace of Concerts and Sports
1905:
1725:
1723:
1600:
1514:
1397:"Lithuanian Prose and Decolonization"
1360:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 19.
1084:
1042:
1027:Lietuvos muziejų asocijacija (2004).
1002:"XIV-XVII a. Vilniaus pilių istorija"
498:
1793:
1693:
1553:Valdovų Rūmų paramos fondas (2002).
990:
703:
464:in 1655, when for the first time in
219:River, near its confluence with the
74:For defense from 10th-17th centuries
2450:Buildings and structures in Vilnius
2153:Vilnius International French Lyceum
1633:
1605:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 33.
1543:
1148:
1118:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
847:The Vilnius Castle Complex had two
388:Remaining tower of the Upper Castle
181:: 4. Gates and bridge to the city (
13:
1720:
1182:
834:
586:Bartolomeo Berrecci da Pontassieve
546:of Vytautas the Great. The Gothic
14:
2481:
2211:Lithuanian National Drama Theatre
1868:
2418:
2317:
1971:
1941:
1645:"Senieji kultūriniai sluoksniai"
903:Gediminas Hill Funicular Railway
626:The palace was remodeled in the
613:Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
455:The keep and panorama of the top
355:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
33:
2137:Vilnius Airport railway station
1647:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1528:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1524:Lithuanian Art Museum. (1997).
1499:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1431:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1395:Samalavičius, Almantas (2006).
747:baptism into the Christian rite
696:since the first mention of the
66:Parts of castle in 10th century
1752:Museum of Applied Art (2006).
1207:
729:There is evidence that in pre-
596:, who introduced Sigismund to
321:Remains of Upper Castle's Keep
1:
1581:"History of the Royal Palace"
1399:. In Violeta Kelertas (ed.).
1239:Kuncevičius, Albinas (2003).
973:
917:re-establish its independence
335:war with the Christian Orders
2460:History museums in Lithuania
2158:Vilnius International School
1780:"Į Gedimino kalną - keltuvu"
958:List of castles in Lithuania
600:, his second wife, in 1517.
553:The Grand Duke of Lithuania
347:Engelhard Rabe von Wildstein
264:National Museum of Lithuania
7:
2445:Military history of Vilnius
1931:
1892:3D model of Gediminas Tower
1453:Jovaiša, Eugenijus (2003).
1319:Lietuvos valstybės istorija
953:Cathedral Square in Vilnius
946:
722:The grand ducal palace and
557:, who later became King of
513:Model of Grand Ducal Palace
487:History of the Lower Castle
436:Palace (15 x 30 m) in
290:Vilnius was designated the
270:History of the Upper Castle
10:
2486:
1643:Lietuvos dailės muziejus.
1495:Lietuvos Dailės muziejus.
1457:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius.
1356:Turnbull, Stephen (2003).
1317:Kiaupa, Zigmantas (2004).
1243:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius.
707:
502:
93:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2416:
2330:
2198:
2145:
2114:
2098:
1980:
1969:
1948:
1939:
1526:"Lithuanian Ducal Palace"
1282:. Cambridge. p. 72.
1116:Grenoble, Lenore (2003).
861:Grand Hetman of Lithuania
646:style during the rule of
207:Vilniaus pilių kompleksas
157:
153:
143:
133:
125:
121:Cultural: (ii), (iv)
117:
109:
99:
90:
86:
78:
70:
62:
57:
53:Lithuania, Russia, Sweden
49:
44:
32:
23:
18:
1583:. Castle Research Center
1555:"Lietuvos Valdovų Rūmai"
1052:Šapoka, Adolfas (1989).
657:Grand Ducal Palace with
420:The remains of the keep.
167:Vilnius Castle in 1740:
2185:Vilnius Academy of Arts
2132:Vilnius railway station
1497:"Arkikatedros požemiai"
1403:. Rodopi. p. 420.
379:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2226:Vilnius Castle Complex
1401:Baltic Postcolonialism
1278:Rowell, C. S. (1994).
906:
875:
844:
785:
719:
662:
632:Bernardino de Gianotis
522:
514:
456:
421:
398:
389:
333:Pagan Lithuania waged
330:
322:
314:
245:1655 Battle of Vilnius
235:
211:
206:
199:Vilnius Castle Complex
194:
39:Vilnius Castle Complex
19:Vilnius Castle Complex
1425:Napaleonas Kitkauskas
1168:. pp. 174, 175.
1166:Duke University Press
901:
888:Museum of Applied Art
873:
842:
822:Elisabeth of Habsburg
780:
717:
656:
605:Sigismund II Augustus
520:
512:
454:
419:
387:
351:Konrad von Wallenrode
328:
320:
300:
254:Today, the remaining
166:
2440:Castles in Lithuania
2324:Castles in Lithuania
1886:Zamek Górny w Wilnie
1805:"Muziejaus istorija"
1601:Danes, Lois (2004).
1429:"Italy in Lithuania"
609:Elisabeth of Austria
442:Trakai Island Castle
329:Upper Castle remains
311:Columns of Gediminas
172:: 1. Western tower (
2268: /
2127:Vilnius bus station
1778:XXI amžius (2003).
1732:"Senasis arsenalas"
1669:Pål Kolstø (2000).
894:Modern developments
812:(1440), his cousin
790:Laurynas Gucevičius
572:Sigismund I the Old
563:Moscow's Grand Duke
367:Henry IV of England
353:in 1390 during the
309:(Waykimas) and the
260:Lithuanian tricolor
82:Stone, bricks, wood
2455:Museums in Vilnius
2163:Vilnius University
2035:Aukštieji Paneriai
1190:"Visiting Vilnius"
925:Battle of Grunwald
907:
876:
845:
801:on the north, and
786:
720:
667:John III of Sweden
663:
648:Sigismund III Vasa
611:, daughter of the
523:
515:
499:Grand Ducal Palace
466:Lithuanian history
457:
422:
390:
359:Vytautas the Great
331:
323:
315:
303:Juozas Kamarauskas
195:
134:Reference no.
50:Controlled by
2427:
2426:
2272:54.687°N 25.290°E
2251:
2250:
1754:"The Old Arsenal"
1686:978-0-8133-3752-4
1410:978-90-420-1959-1
1175:978-0-8223-3364-7
1054:Lietuvos istorija
853:Sigismund the Old
826:Barbara Radziwiłł
724:Vilnius Cathedral
718:Vilnius Cathedral
710:Vilnius Cathedral
704:Vilnius Cathedral
698:name of Lithuania
636:Pope Clement VIII
617:Barbara Radziwill
594:Holy Roman Empire
590:Kingdom of Poland
470:Polish–Lithuanian
410:Astrava Agreement
187:Vilnius Cathedral
161:
160:
2477:
2422:
2405:Trakai Peninsula
2322:
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2310:
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2236:Cathedral Square
2231:Vilnius Old Town
2206:Gediminas Avenue
1975:
1945:
1926:
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1756:. Archived from
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1013:
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1009:
997:
968:Vilnius Dungeons
905:, opened in 2003
818:Sigismund August
799:Saint Stanislaus
603:Sigismund's son
375:Livonian Knights
240:Teutonic Knights
214:
104:Vilnius Old Town
45:Site information
37:
28:
16:
15:
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2221:Lukiškės Square
2194:
2141:
2122:Vilnius Airport
2110:
2094:
1976:
1967:
1946:
1935:
1930:
1882:
1875:(in Lithuanian)
1874:
1871:
1862:(in Lithuanian)
1861:
1856:(in Lithuanian)
1855:
1845:
1843:Urbanavičius V.
1840:(in Lithuanian)
1839:
1834:(in Lithuanian)
1833:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1807:(in Lithuanian)
1801:
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1128:
1114:
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1098:(in Lithuanian)
1094:Voruta (2003).
1092:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1064:
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1043:
1034:
1032:
1031:(in Lithuanian)
1025:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1004:(in Lithuanian)
998:
991:
976:
949:
896:
865:Casimir Oginski
837:
835:Castle Arsenals
712:
706:
537:believe that a
507:
501:
489:
481:Gediminas Tower
446:proclaimed king
399:Plikasis kalnas
361:and his cousin
272:
256:Gediminas Tower
177:
174:Gediminas Tower
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2395:Senieji Trakai
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2277:54.687; 25.290
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2030:Naujoji Vilnia
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
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1869:External links
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1792:
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1679:. p. 56.
1677:Westview Press
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708:Main article:
705:
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679:Russian Empire
503:Main article:
500:
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434:Grand Master's
343:Teutonic Order
276:Gediminas Hill
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236:Kreivoji pilis
212:Vilniaus pilys
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1888:, Radzima.org
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1760:on 2011-07-19
1759:
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1651:on 2007-01-07
1650:
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1612:1-4134-6469-6
1608:
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1549:
1547:
1532:on 2006-12-05
1531:
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1503:on 2007-01-07
1502:
1498:
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1464:9986-9216-9-4
1460:
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1435:on 2007-01-21
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1328:9955-584-63-7
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1289:0-521-45011-X
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1250:9986-9216-9-4
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1196:on 2009-02-27
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963:Pilies Street
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535:archeologists
532:
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484:
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183:Pilies Street
180:
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144:UNESCO region
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100:Official name
98:
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56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
27:
22:
17:
2409:
2375:Raudondvaris
2253:
2225:
2020:Naujamiestis
2010:Karoliniškės
1995:Fabijoniškės
1963:Great Seimas
1824:
1809:. Retrieved
1784:. Retrieved
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1747:
1736:. Retrieved
1711:. Retrieved
1671:
1664:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1602:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1559:. Retrieved
1534:. Retrieved
1530:the original
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1454:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1419:
1400:
1390:
1357:
1351:
1318:
1312:
1279:
1273:
1240:
1219:. Retrieved
1209:
1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
1184:
1160:
1117:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1053:
1033:. Retrieved
1006:. Retrieved
981:
929:
921:
908:
884:World War II
877:
858:
846:
830:
807:
803:Saint Helena
794:neoclassical
787:
758:Christianity
755:
728:
721:
687:
675:
664:
625:
602:
570:
552:
528:
524:
494:
490:
474:
458:
423:
407:
391:
332:
301:Painting by
280:
273:
253:
229:
221:Vilnia River
198:
196:
191:Royal Palace
179:Lower Castle
178:
170:Upper Castle
169:
58:Site history
2385:Rokantiškės
2365:Norviliškės
2335:Baltadvaris
2275: /
2216:Vilnius CBD
2080:Viršuliškės
2055:Senamiestis
2040:Pašilaičiai
2025:Naujininkai
2005:Justiniškės
1883:(in Polish)
1846: [
941:Middle Ages
936:numismatics
874:New Arsenal
843:Old Arsenal
824:(1545) and
814:Švitrigaila
733:times, the
640:Vasa family
628:Renaissance
598:Bona Sforza
403:Neris River
369:, with 300
339:Catholicism
71:In use
2434:Categories
2360:Medininkai
2263:25°17′24″E
2260:54°41′13″N
2099:Government
1990:Antakalnis
1982:Elderships
1811:2007-01-25
1786:2007-01-25
1764:2007-01-05
1738:2007-01-21
1713:2009-11-23
1655:2007-01-21
1587:2009-11-23
1561:2007-01-21
1536:2007-01-21
1507:2007-01-21
1439:2007-01-21
1215:"Muziejai"
1200:2009-11-22
1102:2007-01-05
1035:2007-01-05
1008:2007-01-05
974:References
932:archeology
912:accessible
820:'s wives:
781:Chapel of
762:bell tower
751:pagan gods
694:millennium
683:Kremenchug
544:coronation
477:World Wars
438:Marienburg
395:Lithuanian
373:, and the
232:Lithuanian
203:Lithuanian
126:Designated
2345:Dubingiai
2199:Landmarks
2146:Education
2115:Transport
2065:Šnipiškės
2000:Grigiškės
1621:cite book
1473:cite book
1376:cite book
1337:cite book
1298:cite book
1259:cite book
1136:cite book
1072:cite book
856:cannons.
810:Sigismund
743:Mindaugas
731:Christian
700:in 2009.
659:Gediminas
583:architect
555:Alexander
288:Gediminas
283:Neolithic
79:Materials
26:Lithuania
2390:Siesikai
2370:Panemunė
2355:Klaipėda
2168:template
2090:Žvėrynas
2085:Žirmūnai
2075:Vilkpėdė
2015:Lazdynai
1958:Timeline
1825:General:
1708:Lituanus
1427:(2004).
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