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333:...Having these two different media, with essentially two different aspect ratios, each of us (directors, production designers, cinematographers, camera Operators, etc.) shares the nightmare of compromising the composition of the Image. Looking through a viewfinder, a camera, or a monitor, we are always faced with at least two images of the same subject."
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400 feet of film), three perforations per frame runs at 67.5 feet per minute (5 minutes 56 seconds per 400 feet of film). This would mean each magazine of film would have 33% more shooting time and a production that shot the same overall length of time as a four-perforation film would use 25% less film.
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Storaro suggests a renovation to standard film projectors to present a 3-perf frame and eliminate the need for an anamorphic print to be made (to optically squeeze the 2:1 3-perf aspect ratio into a 1.33:1 4-perf frame). As the image will fill the full film area (perf-to-perf) there is no room for a
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Storaro feels in the future of cinema, films will be photographed in either high-definition video for small, intimate digital projection theaters, or in 65 mm for "big audience... large screen" films. In the cinematographer's opinion, as all films will be one of the two formats, he suggests that
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magazine. As
Storaro stated in his written proposal, "Recently, any movie – no matter how big or small, successful or not – will, after a very short life on the big screen, have a much longer life on an electronic screen. Today the answer print is made for both of these two different media.
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In addition to using the full film area, using three perforations per frame as opposed to four equates to using 25% less film for the same shooting time. With the traditional four perforations per frame, 35 mm film (at 24 frames per second) runs at 90 feet per minute (4 minutes 26 seconds per
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frame size (as opposed to standard 35 mm photography which uses four perforations per frame). The
Univisium camera would use an aperture opening of 24mm × 12mm (.945" × .472") and three perforations per frame, which would eliminate the waste associated with 2.40:1 Super 35 mm photography
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According to IMDB technical specification statistics, there are over 700 titles with 2:1 aspect ratios, and the number has been growing in recent years. Most films and TV shows that originate on streaming platforms are shot this way, although a small number of theatrical feature films use it.
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Technovision and
Clairmont Cameras have altered Arriflex 435 and 535B cameras for use on Storaro films that use Univisium and 3-perf pull-down. Technicolor laboratories in Rome, London, and Los Angeles also have the means to support the Univisium
1538:. This has proved controversial with many film enthusiasts, who believe that regardless of Storaro's attempt to unify all aspect ratios, films should be viewed in the ratio they were filmed in, without any cropping. Due to this backlash,
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The proposal also points out that the 2.00:1 aspect ratio can be achieved using standard spherical lenses, which, compared to their anamorphic counterparts, are cheaper, faster (require less light), and have more photographic
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frame (which utilizes the full width of a 35 mm film frame "perf-to-perf" as opposed to traditional 35 mm which utilizes a smaller area of the 35 mm frame offset to the right to accommodate space for an
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Storaro recognized that ubiquitous HD origination was not yet viable and therefore proposed an alteration to standard 35 mm photography to create a 2.00:1 aspect ratio and economize on film.
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As a compromise to standard technology (for the time being), Storaro says an anamorphic print can be made and presented in 24 frames per second with a digital and/or optical soundtrack.
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Although no film has utilized the full aspects of the proposal, particularly with regard to the projection standards, Storaro has since used
Univisium for nearly all of his films.
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a common aspect ratio compromise of 2.00:1 (mathematical average of 65 mm 2.20:1 and HD 1.78:1) be adopted for all films, 65 mm theatrical, HD theatrical and television.
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writer Bob Fisher, "I believe it is very important for audiences to see films exactly the way they were composed by the director and cinematographer. This is a solution."
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traditional optical soundtrack and
Univisium requires two digital soundtracks, one for backup (which resides outside of the perforations on the edge of the film;
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Netflix production and post-production requirements state that they prefer content up to 2:1 aspect ratio; anything wider must be evaluated and discussed.
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used the
Univisium aspect ratio for its cutscenes, while the game itself is in a 1.43:1 aspect ratio slightly letterboxed in a 4:3 screen. The 2017 game
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and Xiaomi Mi Max 3, use the 2:1 format (marketed as 18:9), although the aspect ratio had been used previously in 2000s devices such as the
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developed (alongside 1.85:1), the RKO Superscope format, and as an option in several other cinematographic formats. Another predecessor is
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and less visual imperfections. There is also a greater selection of spherical prime and zoom lenses than there are anamorphic lenses.
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The format also calls for shooting 25 frames per second, which eliminates problems associated with transferring film to video in the
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used the
Univisium aspect ratio for its cutscenes, both in-game and pre-rendered while the game itself is in 16:9. The 2013 game
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that are shot in the 2.39:1 aspect ratio are cropped to this format when they play ahead of any movies that were shot in 1.85:1.
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also used the
Univisium aspect ratio for select in-game cutscenes, though most of the in-game cutscenes were in 16:9, while the
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Additionally, Storaro has reframed many of his earlier widescreen releases for the 2.00:1 ratio upon DVD release, including
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393:(wherein nearly 50% of the frame is discarded) by creating a natural 2.00:1 aspect ratio utilizing the whole film area.
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may be cropped to the
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In 1998, cinematographer
Vittorio Storaro announced his plans for a new film format, originally to be called
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The 2:1 aspect ratio was first used in the 1950s (April 1, 1953) for one of the two flat formats that
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soundtrack (note the tiny Dolby "Double D" logo in the center of each area between the perforations).
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Univision is the original format name used in the proposal document (see External links) and in
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soundtrack as an image of a digital signal. Between the perforations (on the left side) is the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Holben, Jay & Bankston, Douglas (February 2000). "Inventive New Options for Film"
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for "unity of images") is a proposed universal film format created by cinematographer
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448:). The projectors would run at 25 frames per second, just as the cameras do.
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and on streaming services are presented in the proper 1.85:1 aspect ratio.
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to the Univisium aspect ratio on DVD include the 1998 DVD release of
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3-perf also results in a quieter camera than 4-perf as there is less
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present. At far left and far right, outside the perforations, is the
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103:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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A simulated strip of 35 mm film in the proposed Univisium 2.00:1
2082:"The Aspect Ratio of 2.00 : 1 is Everywhere | VashiVisuals"
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use their original aspect ratios for Blu-ray release, and
592:(2006) – First Univisium film not shot by
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uses its original aspect ratio for its 4k UHD edition.
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And Just Like That… - A New Chapter of Sex and the City
310:(which in turn was the American localization of 1954's
1836:: "Today and Tomorrow (From Disney's Stargirl)" (2020)
430:
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system and is still fairly simple to transfer to the
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607:
Something Evil, Something Dangerous: New Moon Rising
2240:"DISCOVERY Filming in "Cinematic" 2:1 Aspect Ratio"
2150:"3 Perforation - Same Image Quality at Lower Costs"
1990:cutscenes were in 1.85:1; the gameplay is in 16:9.
1960:
764:
Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
347:
2337:Vittorio Storaro's PDF presentation of the format
1614:(2002) is cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio.
1584:(1978) is cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio.
2343:
2177:Storaro, Vittorio and Storaro, Fabrizio (1998).
666:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny
379:By using a negative area similar to that of the
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255:The Univisium 3-perf film proposed format frame
2195:Fisher, Bob (February 2001). "Guiding Light"
1605:were cropped to the Univisium aspect ratio.
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2171:
2169:
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1572:Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery
1207:(2020) (starting from series 34 episode 43)
62:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2264:"The Woman Who Fell to Earth", pp. 22–23,
2039:"Widescreen Documentation - 3dfilmarchive"
2191:
2189:
1830:" (Make My Wish Come True Edition) (2019)
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
2164:
2021:to use this aspect ratio for its display
1569:(1991), and the original DVD release of
458:, the 2:1 image can be projected from a
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1872:Levitating (The Blessed Madonna Remix)
1587:Some earlier digital TV broadcasts of
1566:Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country
1648:Many trailers of upcoming films from
1332:American Horror Story: Double Feature
2227:"Storaro discussed making of Zapata"
1980:Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch
1563:(1986), the 1999 & 2004 DVDs of
1132:Secret Society of Second-Born Royals
808:José José, el príncipe de la canción
476:
319:
304:and the 1957 Japanese re-release of
294:'s Toho Pan Scope, used in the 1958
159:adding citations to reliable sources
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2287:, 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
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431:35 mm Univisium projection proposal
13:
1842:: "Feel Good (SECRET CODE)" (2020)
1553:Other films that were reframed in
1060:Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears
14:
2368:
2330:
2210:American Cinematographer Magazine
2197:American Cinematographer Magazine
1929:Some mobile devices, such as the
1663:Aspect ratio used in music videos
1364:Everything Everywhere All at Once
1340:Impeachment: American Crime Story
583:Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist
43:This article has multiple issues.
2105:
1961:Aspect ratio used in video games
1292:Jurassic World Dominion prologue
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2297:https://www.imdb.com/interfaces
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1828:All I Want for Christmas Is You
646:Transformers: Age of Extinction
348:35 mm Univisium camera proposal
307:Godzilla, King of the Monsters!
281:
146:needs additional citations for
51:or discuss these issues on the
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2142:
2125:
2099:
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869:Academy Award for Best Picture
732:A Series of Unfortunate Events
454:However, with the rise of the
1:
2025:
756:Transformers: The Last Knight
617:(2012–2014; IMAX 3D Versions
1925:Aspect ratio used in devices
1412:The School for Good and Evil
1031:(2019–2022; Seasons 5 and 6)
456:DCP (Digital Cinema Package)
7:
2352:Motion picture film formats
2309:"Cameras and Image Capture"
1993:
1004:The Knight Before Christmas
932:Men in Black: International
867:(2018; first winner of the
692:The Girl with All the Gifts
99:the claims made and adding
10:
2373:
884:If Beale Street Could Talk
576:Zapata: El sueño del héroe
442:Sony Dynamic Digital Sound
330:International Photographer
18:
2357:Film and video technology
2270:, Issue 530, October 2018
1778:: "Ya Nour El Ein" (2018)
1116:The Broken Hearts Gallery
490:This article needs to be
2326:Retrieved June 27, 2006.
2229:Retrieved June 27, 2006.
2061:www.widescreenmuseum.com
1902:: "Habibi Khalas" (2023)
1611:Kung Pow! Enter the Fist
1324:Clifford the Big Red Dog
1084:I Know This Much Is True
871:to use the aspect ratio)
360:format with two digital
342:American Cinematographer
19:Not to be confused with
1951:Sony Xperia XZ2 Compact
1596:The Empire Strikes Back
1468:Five Nights at Freddy's
1396:Jurassic World Dominion
1316:Muppets Haunted Mansion
964:A Rainy Day in New York
653:3D Version; some shots)
623:The Desolation of Smaug
557:Exorcist: The Beginning
328:, in an interview with
1356:A Castle for Christmas
373:
301:Varan the Unbelievable
256:
2043:www.3dfilmarchive.com
1988:traditional animation
1740:: "Melancholy" (2017)
1372:Better Nate Than Ever
908:Brigada Costa del Sol
541:Picking Up the Pieces
410:intermittent movement
355:
254:
16:Universal film format
2281:"Storaro Talks Shop"
2005:List of film formats
1650:20th Century Studios
1578:The HDTV version of
1300:Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha
1156:The Flight Attendant
1068:Spenser Confidential
1020:Crash Landing on You
780:Star Trek: Discovery
549:Frank Herbert's Dune
155:improve this article
2267:Doctor Who Magazine
2160:on 8 December 2008.
1806:Megan Thee Stallion
1673:Big Girls Don't Cry
1621:prints and earlier
1608:The VHS version of
1388:House of the Dragon
1367:(2022; some scenes)
1052:Alice in Borderland
1044:Dolemite Is My Name
2321:Live Design Online
2285:Filmmaker Magazine
2223:In Camera Magazine
2139:broadcast network.
2112:www.widescreen.org
2019:Android smartphone
1931:Huawei Mate 10 Pro
1890:: "Gratata" (2021)
1632:My Neighbor Totoro
1602:Return of the Jedi
1295:(2021; short film)
1196:Selena: The Series
996:Lady and the Tramp
959:(2019; short film)
956:Battle at Big Rock
759:(2017; most shots)
724:20th Century Women
614:The Hobbit Trilogy
386:optical soundtrack
374:
288:Universal Pictures
257:
84:possibly contains
1985:full motion video
1943:Google Pixel 2 XL
1896:: "Sydney" (2021)
1762:More than Friends
1703:Girls' Generation
1625:prints of select
1172:Rifkin's Festival
1124:Rifkin's Festival
740:The Book of Henry
621:3D 70mm only for
565:The Polar Express
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2156:. Archived from
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2108:"Widescreen.org"
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1548:The Last Emperor
1535:The Last Emperor
1428:Fantasy Football
1268:Vacation Friends
1252:Mare of Easttown
1236:Coming 2 America
980:The Morning Show
975:(2019; season 2)
594:Vittorio Storaro
533:Goya in Bordeaux
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1244:All Is Vanity
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1220:Finding Alice
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1212:Malory Towers
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1164:Another Round
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1108:Project Power
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843:(2018 season)
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172: –
171:
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166:Find sources:
160:
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150:
149:
144:This article
142:
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82:This article
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2248:. Retrieved
2243:
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2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2179:
2158:the original
2144:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2017:, the first
1978:
1974:Sonic Forces
1972:
1967:
1964:
1928:
1906:Magic System
1824:Mariah Carey
1782:Shawn Mendes
1658:
1654:
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1494:
1486:
1481:ninth season
1474:
1466:
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1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1380:The Northman
1378:
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1114:
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1098:
1092:Love, Victor
1090:
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772:Wonder Wheel
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684:Café Society
682:
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305:
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285:
282:Predecessors
276:aspect ratio
259:
258:
235:
217:
208:
198:
191:
184:
177:
165:
153:Please help
148:verification
145:
115:
106:
83:
59:
52:
46:
45:Please help
42:
25:
2212:pp. 105-107
2199:. pp. 72–83
2117:19 November
1900:Hiba Tawaji
1810:Nicki Minaj
1734: [
1617:Some later
1420:Blockbuster
1188:Godmothered
900:Backdraft 2
824:Yellowstone
793:2018 season
638:Transparent
502:August 2023
412:per frame.
362:soundtracks
340:As he told
211:August 2023
170:"Univisium"
109:August 2023
2346:Categories
2091:2 November
2066:2 November
2026:References
1955:Nokia 7710
1947:OnePlus 5T
1910:Yemi Alade
1908:featuring
1894:Rich Brian
1858:featuring
1850:Conan Gray
1796:The Weeknd
1770:featuring
1756:featuring
1754:Jason Mraz
1725:Greenlight
1715:featuring
1555:open matte
1308:Squid Game
948:Nancy Drew
864:Green Book
832:Hereditary
788:Doctor Who
600:Caravaggio
590:Fair Trade
181:newspapers
93:improve it
48:improve it
2244:Trek Core
2180:Univisium
2137:Univision
1888:Hot Issue
1882:Positions
1800:Heartless
1772:Maya Diab
1731:Cidergirl
1619:LaserDisc
1590:Star Wars
1581:Halloween
1488:One Piece
1476:The Flash
1452:Class Act
1180:The Great
972:Jack Ryan
940:Midsommar
916:Chernobyl
848:Bloodline
708:Travelers
700:The Crown
525:Décadence
326:Univision
260:Univisium
97:verifying
54:talk page
21:Univision
2010:Super 35
1994:See also
1920:" (2023)
1884:" (2020)
1874:" (2020)
1856:Dua Lipa
1840:Fromis 9
1820:" (2019)
1802:" (2019)
1792:" (2019)
1790:Señorita
1764:" (2018)
1750:" (2017)
1727:" (2016)
1717:Flo Rida
1709:" (2010)
1699:" (2010)
1697:Kissin U
1689:" (2010)
1679:Ludacris
1675:" (2007)
1575:(1997).
1504:Am I OK?
1460:El Conde
1228:Vincenzo
1204:Casualty
1076:Stargirl
795:onwards)
572:Version)
381:Super 35
313:Godzilla
278:of 2:1.
2250:26 June
1864:Madonna
1768:Massari
1748:Thunder
1713:Pitbull
1643:Blu-ray
1560:Top Gun
1512:Moana 2
1479:(2023,
1260:Yes Day
1100:Work It
1012:Servant
671:Netflix
669:(2016;
649:(2014;
568:(2004;
492:updated
474:format.
195:scholar
91:Please
2221:Kodak
2106:John.
2000:3-perf
1939:LG V30
1918:Akwaba
1860:DaBaby
1812:&
1808:feat.
1681:feat.
1669:Fergie
1599:, and
1532:, and
1515:(2024)
1507:(2024)
1499:(2023)
1491:(2023)
1471:(2023)
1463:(2023)
1455:(2023)
1447:(2023)
1439:(2023)
1436:Barbie
1431:(2022)
1423:(2022)
1415:(2022)
1407:(2022)
1399:(2022)
1391:(2022)
1383:(2022)
1375:(2022)
1359:(2021)
1351:(2021)
1343:(2021)
1335:(2021)
1327:(2021)
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1311:(2021)
1303:(2021)
1287:(2021)
1279:(2021)
1271:(2021)
1263:(2021)
1255:(2021)
1247:(2021)
1239:(2021)
1231:(2021)
1223:(2021)
1199:(2020)
1191:(2020)
1183:(2020)
1175:(2020)
1167:(2020)
1159:(2020)
1151:(2020)
1143:(2020)
1140:Trying
1135:(2020)
1127:(2020)
1119:(2020)
1111:(2020)
1103:(2020)
1095:(2020)
1087:(2020)
1079:(2020)
1071:(2020)
1063:(2020)
1055:(2020)
1047:(2019)
1039:(2019)
1023:(2019)
1015:(2019)
1007:(2019)
999:(2019)
991:(2019)
983:(2019)
967:(2019)
951:(2019)
943:(2019)
935:(2019)
927:(2019)
919:(2019)
911:(2019)
903:(2019)
895:(2019)
887:(2018)
879:(2018)
859:(2018)
851:(2018)
835:(2018)
827:(2018)
819:(2018)
811:(2018)
803:(2018)
783:(2017)
775:(2017)
767:(2017)
751:(2017)
743:(2017)
735:(2017)
727:(2016)
719:(2016)
711:(2016)
703:(2016)
695:(2016)
687:(2016)
679:(2016)
661:(2015)
641:(2014)
633:(2013)
609:(2011)
603:(2007)
586:(2005)
578:(2004)
560:(2004)
552:(2000)
544:(2000)
536:(1999)
528:(1998)
520:(1998)
390:3-perf
358:3-perf
197:
190:
183:
176:
168:
2015:LG G6
1935:LG G6
1738:]
1404:Smile
1284:Awake
892:Hanna
816:Trust
517:Tango
421:SECAM
298:film
296:kaiju
202:JSTOR
188:books
2252:2017
2154:Arri
2119:2018
2093:2018
2068:2018
1866:and
1848:and
1846:Lauv
1784:and
1774:and
1719:and
1707:Hoot
1687:Baby
1635:and
1544:Reds
1542:and
1529:Reds
1276:Oslo
1036:Togo
748:Dark
651:IMAX
619:IMAX
570:IMAX
460:flat
425:NTSC
419:and
366:SDDS
292:Toho
174:news
1916:: "
1880:: "
1870:: "
1826:: "
1816:: "
1798:: "
1788:: "
1760:: "
1746:: "
1723:: "
1705:: "
1695:: "
1685:: "
1671:: "
1623:DVD
438:DTS
417:PAL
272:ASC
157:by
95:by
2348::
2283:,
2242:.
2188:^
2166:^
2152:.
2110:.
2084:.
2059:.
2041:.
1957:.
1949:,
1945:,
1941:,
1937:,
1933:,
1912:,
1862:,
1736:ja
1593:,
1526:,
444:,
440:,
270:,
57:.
2311:.
2254:.
2183:.
2121:.
2095:.
2070:.
2045:.
1483:)
791:(
673:)
625:)
504:)
500:(
262:(
242:)
236:(
224:)
218:(
213:)
209:(
199:·
192:·
185:·
178:·
151:.
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
89:.
64:)
60:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
