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372:. The House passed the legislation on February 9, 1910. The House bill made the members of the commission subject to approval by the Senate, gave their term of office as four years, and their qualifications as artists "of repute". In addition to having an advisory capacity on all questions of art and design, the commission was given final say on the selection of sites for monuments and statues. Root managed the House bill through the Senate.
444:, appointed to four-year terms by Donald Trump, following a complaint by Washington, D.C.'s Deputy Mayor that the committee members must "embrace our diversity and advance equity as a remedy to the legacy of discrimination that shapes our surroundings to this day". Shubow, who was appointed in October 2018, said "In the Commission's 110-year history, no commissioner has ever been removed by a President".
399:
on May 9, the House conferees agreed to the Senate amendments. They also won approval of the Senate conferees to remove the requirement that the commission members be approved by the Senate. Clarifying language was also added to the bill, permitting the commission to advise (upon request) on the U.S.
331:
was inaugurated as president in March 1909. Taft revoked
Executive Order 1010 on May 21, 1909. There are differing explanations for Taft's actions. Historians Sue Kohler and Christopher Thomas state that Taft supported the idea of a fine arts commission, but wanted it to have a basis in legislation.
426:
issued
Executive Order 1862, which expanded the CFA's advisory authority to cover any "new structures...which affect in any important way the appearance of the City, or whenever questions involving matters of art and with which the federal government is concerned..." Executive Order 3524, issued by
228:
formed the Public Art League, a new organization whose purpose was to lobby for a new agency of the federal government to approve the design or purchase of art and architecture by the federal government. Legislation was proposed in
Congress in 1897, but failed to pass because members of Congress
394:
The Senate amended the bill, and passed it on May 3, 1910. One amendment, to bar statues of any person not dead 50 years, was turned down. The Senate changed the qualifications of the commissioners to seven "well qualified judges of the fine arts". It struck the commission's authority to site
512:
The commissioners elect one of their members to be chair, and another to be vice-chair. Twelve individuals have chaired the
Commission on Fine Arts as of May 2022. These people, and the dates of their service as chair (which may differ from their years of service on the commission):
295:
to carry out the McMillan Plan: The
Commission of Fine Arts in 1910 to review and advise on the design of new structures, the Public Buildings Commission in 1916 to make recommendations regarding the construction of buildings to house federal agencies and offices, and the
311:
to establish an independent federal agency to advise the government on architecture, bridges, painting, parks, sculpture, and other artistic works requiring design. Roosevelt wrote back the same day, agreeing to the proposal. On
January 19, 1909, Roosevelt issued
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The
Commission of Fine Arts is composed of seven members, who are appointed by the President. The appointments do not require Senate approval. Commission members serve four-year terms, and are not term-limited. The members of the commission as of June 2024 are:
338:
noted that the council was highly controversial, and
Congress had passed legislation prohibiting the expenditure of funds for any federal body not established by law. The newspaper said the legislation was intended to defund the Council of Fine Arts.
320:
to seek the council's advice in matters of architecture, building site selection, landscaping, painting, and sculpture. The
Council met only once, on February 9, 1909, during which it approved the site (suggested by the McMillan Commission) for the
431:
on July 28, 1921, further expanded the CFA's review to the design of coins, fountains, insignia, medals, monuments, parks, and statues, whether constructed or issued by the federal government or the government of the
District of Columbia.
291:, and extensive renovation and beautification of existing parks. Over the next few years, the President and Congress established several new agencies to supervise the approval, design, and construction of new buildings in the
287:, realigning some streets, and constructing major new museums and public buildings along the Mall's length. The commission also proposed significant expansion of the district's park system, the creation of a system of
43:
1172:
Partridge, William T. and Helrich, Kurt G.F. "'Beloved Ancien': William T. Partridge's Recollections of the Senate Park Commission and the Subsequent Mall Development." In Sue A. Kohler and Pamela Scott, eds.
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Gutheim, Frederick Albert and Lee, Antoinette Josephine. Worthy of the Nation: Washington, DC, From L'Enfant to the National Capital Planning Commission. 2d ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
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buildings. H.R. 19962, as amended, was passed by the House on May 12, and the Senate on May 17. Taft signed the legislation Public Law 61-181 (40 U.S.C. 104, 36 Stat. 371), shortly thereafter.
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1259 (October 25, 1910), which required that all new public buildings erected in the District of Columbia be reviewed by the CFA as well. On November 28, 1913, President
137:, the CFA appoints the Old Georgetown Board. The Old Georgetown Board has design review authority over all semipublic and private structures within the boundaries of the
414:
The 1910 legislation establishing the CFA gave the commission the power to only provide advice on the siting of monuments and memorials. In October 1910, President
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to strip Speaker Cannon of much of his power. The fine arts commission bill quickly passed through the committee and was brought up for a vote on the Senate floor.
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granted the government of the District of Columbia the power to regulate architectural design and urban planning. These powers were suspended by President
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Davis, Timothy. "Beyond the Mall: The Senate Park Commission's Plans for Washington's Park System." In Sue A. Kohler and Pamela Scott, eds.
129:, and was established in 1910. The CFA has review (but not approval) authority over the "design and aesthetics" of all construction within
17:
1149:
Kohler, Sue A. "The Commission of Fine Arts: Implementing the Senate Park Commission's Vision." In Sue A. Kohler and Pamela Scott, eds.
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monuments and statues, making the authority advisory only. It also added fountains to the type of items covered by the act. In a
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1010, establishing a Council of Fine Arts. He requested that the AIA name 30 individuals to the council, and he instructed the
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Lisa E. Delplace (appointed April 7, 2022). Delplace is a director and CEO emeritus of the landscape architecture firm
158:
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around the square to house executive branch offices. It also proposed clearing large spaces north and south of the
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wanted an advisory board rather than one which could deny Congress the ability to award commissions as part of the
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213:
801:"Revoking Executive Order of January 19, 1909, Which Appointed the Council of Fine Arts." Executive Order 1074.
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170:
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Charles Moore, CFA chairman from 1912 to 1915, puts the date of the meeting at February 10, 1909, but the
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272:
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In May 2021, US president Joe Biden removed four white male members, one of them the Jewish chairman
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President Taft named the seven members of the commission on June 13, 1910. Taft appointed architect
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547:
193:
1192:
Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms.
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Justin Garrett Moore (appointed June 9, 2021). Moore leads the Humanities in Place program at the
145:
over the design and height of public and private buildings which front or abut the grounds of the
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42:
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Establishment of a National Botanical Garden: Hearing Before a Joint Committee on the Library.
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and nearby areas. The commission's plan for development of the city, popularly known as the
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343:
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8:
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401:
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1024:"Rejecting Precedent and Trump, Biden Ousts Members of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts"
971:"Rejecting precedent and Trump, Biden ousts members of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts"
648:
571:
308:
142:
122:
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Part 1. 66th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920.
1031:
517:
500:
479:
428:
205:
174:
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Vol 3. 61st Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1910.
1005:"Biden Just Purged 4 On The Arts Panel That Advises Congress On Public Architecture"
600:
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William J. Lenihan (appointed May 13, 2024). Lenihan is a principal and partner of
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605:
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419:
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990:"Biden administration replaces four members of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts"
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reported on February 10, 1909, that the council had met the previous day.. See:
752:"The Commission of Fine Arts: Implementing the Senate Park Commission's Vision"
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357:) drafted legislation establishing an advisory commission of fine arts.
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1056:"Members of the Commission." Commission of Fine Arts. October 3, 2012.
603:, opened an exhibition devoted solely to this agency. The exhibition,
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Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts.
478:
Hazel Ruth Edwards (appointed June 9, 2021). Edwards is the chair of
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Bruce Redman Becker (appointed May 13, 2024). Becker is president of
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Grant, Ulysses S. III (1948–1950). "Planning the Nation's Capital".
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256:
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Designing the Nation's Capital: The 1901 Plan for Washington, D.C.
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Designing the Nation's Capital: The 1901 Plan for Washington, D.C.
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Designing the Nation's Capital: The 1901 Plan for Washington, D.C.
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141:. The CFA was granted approval (not just review) authority by the
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Designing the Nation's Capital: The 1901 Plan for Washington, D.C
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217:
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A Century of Design: The U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 1910–2010
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Peter D. Cook (appointed June 9, 2021). Cook is a principal of
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271:, proposed the razing of all residences and other buildings on
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Washington, D.C.: United States Commission of Fine Arts, 1996.
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The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840–1917.
244:(also known as the "McMillan Commission" for its chairman,
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United States federal boards, commissions, and committees
471:(appointed June 9, 2021). Tsien is a founding partner of
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259:)) to reconcile competing visions for the development of
1144:
The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995.
192:, or the other properties and locations overseen by the
27:
Design and aesthetic control agency for Washington, D.C.
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995
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Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2006.
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Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013.
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Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2006.
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Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2006.
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Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
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L'Enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington.
1201:Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002.
279:government office buildings with facades of white
157:NW extending from the Capitol to the White House,
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1184:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
1166:Daniel H. Burnham, Architect, Planner of Cities.
1114:Reprint ed. New York: Random House, Inc., 2008.
811:
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300:in 1924 to oversee planning for the District.
298:National Capital Parks and Planning Commission
778:, accessed 2012-10-13; "Arts Council Meets."
1288:Arts organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1117:"Commission of Fine Arts." Report No. 1292.
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866:
864:
862:
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379:opposed the bill, and it was bottled up the
368:) introduced the bill, H.R. 19962, into the
1030:. Vol. 144, no. 172. p. C1.
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641:Records of the Columbia Historical Society
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1273:1910 establishments in the United States
383:. But in mid-March, a group of renegade
303:On January 11, 1909, a committee of the
1298:Government agencies established in 1910
1283:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1199:The Lincoln Memorial and American Life.
1194:New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.
1119:United States Congressional Serial Set.
1021:
987:
968:
818:
199:
127:federal government of the United States
14:
1293:Arts organizations established in 1910
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1069:"Who We Are | Commission of Fine Arts"
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910:Joint Committee on the Library, p. 56.
871:"Commission of Fine Arts." p. 251-253.
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370:United States House of Representatives
184:The CFA mandate does not apply to the
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609:, was on view from May to July 2010.
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908:American Federation of Arts, p. 97;
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473:Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects
943:Resnik and Curtis, p. 488, fn. 125.
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803:William Howard Taft. May 21, 1909.
494:Oehme, van Sweden & Associates
25:
1309:
1206:
1003:Blair, Elizabeth (May 25, 2021).
625:Gutheim and Lee, p. 208; Kohler,
332:But a contemporary report in the
1135:Joint Committee on the Library.
305:American Institute of Architects
226:American Institute of Architects
1168:Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921.
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1022:McGlone, Peggy (May 25, 2021).
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969:McGlone, Peggy (May 25, 2021).
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1100:New York: MacMillan Co., 1911.
988:Hickman, Matt (May 25, 2021).
815:Partridge and Helrich, p. 311.
791:Partridge and Helrich, p. 313.
750:Kohler, Sue (March 20, 2009).
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482:'s Department of Architecture.
171:Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway
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1096:American Federation of Arts.
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1254:Text of Executive Order 3524
1245:Text of Executive Order 1862
1236:Text of Executive Order 1259
1227:Text of Executive Order 1010
214:World's Columbian Exposition
212:in 1822. In the wake of the
139:Georgetown Historic District
115:U.S. Commission of Fine Arts
47:Commission of Fine Arts logo
31:U.S. Commission of Fine Arts
18:U.S. Commission of Fine Arts
7:
895:"Senators As Art Critics."
181:and its constituent parks.
10:
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882:"Art Board for District."
1112:Mellon: An American Life.
101:
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758:. National Park Service.
597:National Building Museum
381:Committee on the Library
194:Architect of the Capitol
167:National Zoological Park
94:Thomas Luebke, Secretary
1197:Thomas, Christopher A.
1156:Luebke, Thomas E., ed.
852:"Art Council No More."
133:In accordance with the
1190:and Curtis, Dennis E.
921:"Art Experts Chosen."
714:Cannadine, p. 373-374.
463:Tevebaugh Architecture
307:(AIA) asked President
242:Senate Park Commission
238:United States Congress
560:Harry G. Robinson III
524:Daniel Chester French
263:, and especially the
186:United States Capitol
149:, the grounds of the
147:United States Capitol
1098:American Art Annual.
1058:Accessed 2012-10-13.
912:Accessed 2012-10-13.
873:Accessed 2012-10-13.
542:David E. Finley, Jr.
536:Gilmore David Clarke
411:to be the chairman.
397:conference committee
377:Joseph Gurney Cannon
293:District of Columbia
200:Formation of the CFA
1103:Bednar, Michael J.
678:Peterson, p. 77-91.
586:, June 2021–present
416:William Howard Taft
402:Library of Congress
387:joined forces with
329:William Howard Taft
275:and building tall,
190:Library of Congress
155:Pennsylvania Avenue
32:
1110:Cannadine, David.
934:Moore, p. 122-123.
886:February 10, 1910.
782:February 10, 1909.
705:Davis, p. 137-180.
580:, January–May 2021
572:Earl A. Powell III
436:Commission members
309:Theodore Roosevelt
143:Shipstead-Luce Act
135:Old Georgetown Act
123:independent agency
30:
1180:Peterson, Jon A.
696:Bednar, p. 49-51.
595:In May 2010, the
518:Daniel H. Burnham
508:Chairs of the CFA
501:Mellon Foundation
480:Howard University
429:Warren G. Harding
206:George Washington
111:
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82:Agency executives
16:(Redirected from
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1215:Official website
1164:Moore, Charles.
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362:Samuel W. McCall
323:Lincoln Memorial
273:Lafayette Square
261:Washington, D.C.
159:Lafayette Square
131:Washington, D.C.
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77:$ 2.175 million
53:Agency overview
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187:
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180:
179:National Mall
176:
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156:
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128:
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120:
116:
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100:
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76:
74:Annual budget
72:
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1191:
1181:
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1097:
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1072:
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1017:
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899:May 4, 1910.
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566:David Childs
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446:
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400:Capitol and
393:
341:
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327:
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277:Neoclassical
240:created the
235:
210:James Monroe
203:
183:
175:Potomac Park
118:
114:
112:
89:Billie Tsien
61:May 17, 1910
1073:www.cfa.gov
591:Exhibitions
574:, 2005–2021
568:, 2003–2005
562:, 2002–2003
556:, 1971–2002
550:, 1963–1971
544:, 1950–1963
538:, 1937–1950
532:, 1915–1937
526:, 1912–1915
520:, 1910–1912
385:Republicans
222:Cosmos Club
151:White House
106:www.cfa.gov
1267:Categories
1258:Wikisource
1249:Wikisource
1240:Wikisource
1231:Wikisource
1078:2021-01-22
613:References
427:President
347:Elihu Root
204:President
177:, and the
1036:0190-8286
959:, p. 204.
740:, p. 2-3.
629:, p. 244.
389:Democrats
66:Employees
955:Kohler,
827:Kohler,
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653:40067315
289:parkways
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1090:Sources
1041:May 26,
831:, p. 3.
727:, p. 2.
669:, p. 1.
418:issued
374:Speaker
344:Senator
318:Cabinet
246:Senator
218:Chicago
125:of the
102:Website
91:, Chair
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281:marble
188:, the
169:, the
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649:JSTOR
1043:2021
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224:and
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1009:NPR
599:in
487:HGA
364:(R-
216:in
119:CFA
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