Human rights in the Central African Republic

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of the country's only officially recognized NGO umbrella group, the Inter-NGO Council in CAR (CIONGCA), which is run by a kinsman of the president. Among the active and effective local human-rights groups are the LCDH (Ligue Centrafricaine des Droits de l'Homme), the OCDH (Office centrafricain des Droits de l'Homme), the ACAT (l'Action des Chrétiens pour l'Abolition de la Torture), and AWJ (Association of Women Jurists). Although international organizations are permitted to operate without interference, they are often robbed by anti-government forces on rural roads. Because of the high degree of insecurity in some parts of the Central African Republic, some international human-rights groups have closed their offices in the country.

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2003 General Francois Bozizé seized power. Two years later, he was chosen President in elections that were generally considered free and fair. During his years in power, his regime has been threatened by successive waves of rebellion by a number of different rebel organizations. His term was supposed to end on June 11, 2010, but on May 10 of that year the members of the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment extending his term as well as their own. On July 30, 2010, Bozizé decreed the first round of presidential and legislative elections would occur in January 2011. The elections did indeed take place in January, and Bozizé was re-elected.

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Department, "Bangui's police detention centers consisted of overcrowded cells with very little light and leaky buckets for toilets." Medicine is not available, and inmates with infectious diseases are not separated from others. Instead of beds, suspects usually sleep on cement or dirt floors. Guards demand bribes for water, food, showers, and visits. One detention center has no windows or toilet; at another facility, inmates sleep chained together. Prison visits by human-rights observers are restricted, denied, or delayed for weeks or months, although the International Committee of the Red Cross has unlimited access to prisoners.

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are certain deadlines within which detainees must be informed of charges and brought before a judge, but in practice these deadlines are often not respected. The government is supposed to provide lawyers to indigent defendants, and there is a possibility of bail, and these provisions are generally respected. Persons accused of crimes against state security are subject to more stringent guidelines. Many persons are arrested and charged with witchcraft, which is a capital offense. In later 2010, prison officials in Bangui said that about 18 percent of females in detention had been arrested for witchcraft.

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and insurance are not. Girls are denied equal access to primary schooling, and tend to drop out early owing to pressure to marry and have children. Few Ba'aka (Pygmies) go to primary school; the government makes no effort to change this. Child abuse is illegal but widespread, as is FGM. Although the legal minimum age for civil marriage is 18, sixty-one percent of girls marry before 18. There are no laws against statutory rape or child pornography. Child labor is common, much of it forced. Children are used as soldiers, with reports of children as young as 12 serving in anti-government forces.

546:(UFDR) attacked and occupied the north-eastern town of Sam Ouandja, "purportedly in retaliation for attacks on its positions by the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP)... . Between June and August, three CPJP factions signed peace agreements with the government, although their fighters continued to be armed". Amnesty International noted that as a result of all these hostilities, a "significant proportion of the CAR was beyond the control of the government", with over 200,000 persons being internally displaced and about 200,000 more living as refugees in neighboring countries. 734:

parents to HIV/AIDS, and children accused of sorcery (often reportedly in connection to HIV/AIDS-related deaths in their neighborhoods) often were expelled from their households and were sometimes subjected to societal violence." The Central African Republic is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Many anti-government armed groups kidnap children and hold them for ransom. Some children are also forced to work as sex slaves, as porters carrying stolen goods for bandits, or as field hands and mine workers (especially in

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a large number of persons practicing animism. Witchcraft, which until recently was a capital crime, is now punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine. It is up to judges' discretion to decide whether or not a defendant "behaves like a witch." Non-indigenous religious groups must register with authorities and receive government approval to operate must have over 1000 members and must have leaders whose theological training the state accepts as legitimate. Religious groups are entitled to produce weekly free broadcasts on the official radio station.

717:

interviewed for a 2009 study reported having been raped during the previous year, and the researchers felt they had reason to believe that the true incidence of rape was even higher. Twenty-two percent of women surveyed said that they had been seriously beaten by a member of their household. Sexual harassment is illegal, and common, but it is not efficiently combatted, and there is no set penalty. While women enjoy equal inheritance and property rights under civil law, they are often subject to discriminatory customary laws, especially in rural areas.

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section of the UN Peacebuilding Support Office in the country, known as BONUCA, described "a serious worsening of the security situation in the north of the country where Government forces, rebels and highway bandits have been active, all of whom committed atrocities" and stated that "xtrajudicial killings, torture and arbitrary arrests, mostly attributed to the defence and security forces and encouraged by a culture of impunity, have contributed to a considerable deterioration in human rights".

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widely available outside the capital, thanks mainly to the lack of a functioning postal service. The country's low literacy rate limits their audience as well. Privately owned domestic radio stations tend to avoid covering news stories that might draw unwelcome government attention, although international broadcasters such as Radio France Internationale, which have no such pressure on them, can also be picked up by listeners in the country.

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mismanagement, and a series of armed conflicts....Many countries around the world are locked in a cycle of poverty, conflict, and destruction. Few, however, have received as little attention as the Central African Republic (CAR)." The nation's modern history has been marked by armed struggle between government forces and various rebel groups, often more than one at the same time, and by numerous coups and coup attempts.

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BINUCA cooperates with human rights organizations, it has been criticized for not dealing properly with abuses within its ranks. Although warrantless searches of homes are illegal, they occur. During operations against anti-government forces, the military has burned houses and killed villagers accused of aiding rebels, and the anti-government forces have taken civilians hostage and extorted money from their relatives.

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especially those who are very old and without families, are accused of being witches. In 2010, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay expressed concern about women being accused of, arrested for, and/or attacked by mobs for being witches. A 2003 government-sponsored national dialogue proposed that women should hold 35 percent of posts in government ministries and parties, but this goal has not been realized.

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2,500 children – both girls and boys – were associated with multiple armed groups, including self-defence groups, in CAR." UNICEF further observed that "more than 300,000 children have already been affected by the violence in CAR and its consequences, including through recruitment, family separation, sexual violence, forced displacement and having limited access to education and health facilities."

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suspects, detainees, and prisoners is common. Anti-government forces are also responsible for a great deal of abuse. Soldiers and other government forces rape civilians. Corruption is illegal, but the laws against it are not effectively enforced, and the World Bank has described government corruption as a major problem in the country. Public funds are routinely misappropriated.

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months before being brought before a judge, and some are kept in prison for years without trial because of bureaucratic problems. The torture of criminal suspects is common and is not punished. Among the forms of torture employed by police is "le cafe," which involves beating of the soles of a person's feet with a baton or stick and then forcing that person to walk.

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independent, but is partly government-appointed and is said to be under government control. The effectiveness of the news media is weakened by their financial problems, professional deficiencies, and a lack of access to state information. Reporters for privately owned media are not permitted to cover some official events and often must rely on press releases.

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2005 there has been no official censorship and no imprisonment for defamation, though libel or slander still carries a fine of up to eight million CFA francs ($ 16,000). It is illegal to disseminate material deemed to be "misogynist." Internet use is not restricted or monitored, although only a tiny minority of persons in the country have Internet access.

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cannot afford a lawyer of their own, but limited government resources often result in delay in providing attorneys, and Ba'Aka (Pygmies) are often subject to unfair trials. The right to a fair trial is often compromised by judicial corruption, with lawyers paying judges for favorable verdicts. Cases of witchcraft are tried frequently.

574:(FIDH) called on all parties in the country "to end human rights violations, to protect civilians, and for the negotiation and establishment of better governance for the Central African Republic, in particular for a genuine fight against impunity for the authors of the most serious crimes". An 11 January 2013 report by the 1853: 1929: 612:

had accomplished nothing, even as "the members of the committee, as well as foreign staffers, had pocketed comfortable salaries". Lombard lamented the fact that after the December 2012 rise of the Seleka coalition, "international actors still see D.D.R. as a necessary element of the peacemaking toolkit".

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Families of prisoners generally need to supply food to supplement the inadequate rations supplied by the prisons, and some prisons outside the capital supply no food to inmates and demand bribes to hand over food to the inmates from the latter's families. Inmates are allowed visitors and permitted to

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The law forbids arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for prompt judicial recourse in the case of such irregularities; but these provisions are often ignored, and informed observers suggest that arbitrary arrest is "the most common human rights abuse committed by security forces" in 2010. There

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All workers, except for high-level government employees and security forces, may join unions, strike, and bargain collectively. Forced labor is illegal, but this prohibition is not effectively enforced. Women and children are forced to work on farms, in mining, restaurants, and other venues, and are

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In January 2013, UNICEF called on the Central African Republic to "stop child recruitment by rebel groups and pro-government militias," noting recent reports that such groups were in the process of recruiting children. Even before the latest eruption of violence in December, UNICEF indicated, "about

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The Constitution of the Central African Republic protects, and the government generally respects, religious freedom, and prohibits religious prejudice. Some societal discrimination, however, exists in the country, which is 51 percent Protestant, 29 percent Roman Catholic, and 15 percent Muslim, with

695:

Although the right of assembly is guaranteed in the Constitution, it is sometimes restricted, with organizers of public meetings required to register 48 hours ahead. Political meetings require government approval and may not be held in schools or churches. The Constitution also guarantees freedom of

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The police are ineffective, underfunded, and erratically paid, and public lack of confidence in them often leads to mob violence against suspects. It is possible to file complaints against police officers for abuse, but the prosecutor's staff is ill-equipped to handle the volume of complaints. While

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had "ended up sidelining those it was meant to benefit and creating incentives for the disenchanted to take up arms", because the programs "assume that the governments they assist function like Max Weber’s ideal state – maintaining a monopoly on the use of force, providing services to all citizens".

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In recent years, perhaps the major impediment to human rights in the Central African Republic has been the persistence of widespread armed struggle in the country between government forces and rebel groups and in some cases, between warring rebel groups. In October 2008, a report by the human-rights

858:

There are various minimum wages in the formal sector, depending on the kind of word involved. The non-formal sector is not subject to minimum-wage regulations. In any event, the minimum wage is not sufficient to provide a decent standard of living. There are standard work weeks and various official

854:

Almost half of children in the country between ages 5 and 14 are employed, some of them in mines. Although it is illegal to employ children in mines, this prohibition is not enforced. Many of the 3000 or so street children in Bangui work as street vendors. Anti-government forces use child soldiers,

833:

Prison conditions in the Central African Republic are described by the U.S. State Department as "extremely harsh and, in some cases, life-threatening," with prisons outside the capital "even worse" than those in it. Inmates are subject to torture and to other types of cruel and degrading treatment.

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Inefficiency, incompetence, delayed salary payments, and a lack of resources are all major judicial problems. With only 38 courthouses and 124 magistrates in the country, many citizens lack easy access to the civil judicial system, as a result of which traditional family and village courts continue

759:

Violence against the Mbororo is widespread, and they sometimes have difficulty securing government services. The Ba'Aka (Pygmies), who make up 1–2 percent of the population, are not represented in the government and have no political power. Societal discrimination against the Ba'Aka is significant,

683:

The country's constitution and laws guarantee freedom of speech and the press, but in practice threats and intimidation are used to limit criticism of the government. The government has been charged with harassing journalists and tapping their phones. Newspapers criticize the president, but are not

653:

Human-rights groups are able to operate in the Central African Republic with few official restrictions, but the government does not tend to be responsive to their concerns. Domestic human-rights NGOs limit their operations almost exclusively to the capital. Some NGOs have questioned the neutrality

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David Dacko, who established a one-party state not long after independence, was overthrown in a 1965 coup by Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa, who named himself President for Life in 1972 and Emperor in 1976. Coups in 1979 and 1981 led to rule by a military junta; free elections were held in 1993, and in

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The BONUCA report further noted that government forces "blithely violate the laws of war. In their operations against rebels or bandits they make no distinction between those who have taken up arms and civilians… In reprisal raids, the military burn houses, execute people rightly or wrongly accused

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Criminal trials are by jury, and defendants enjoy such rights as the presumption of innocence, a public trial, the right to be present, to see and present evidence, to have a public defender, and to appeal. The government generally respects these rights, and does provide counsel for defendants who

816:

The Central African Republic's Constitution guarantees an independent judiciary, but the courts are susceptible to the influence of the executive branch. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay has expressed concerns about this in 2010, although she praised the National Assembly's revision of

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There are over 6000 street children between ages 5 and 18. "Many experts believed that HIV/AIDS and a belief in sorcery, particularly in rural areas, contributed to the large number of street children," reported the U.S. State Department in 2011. "An estimated 300,000 children had lost one or both

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Children born in the country or to parents who are citizens of it are entitled to citizenship. About half of children are not registered, which can result in denial of access to education or other services. Education is obligatory until age 15. Tuition is free, but books, supplies, transportation,

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Government forces frequently commit extra-judicial killing. There are many armed bandits and anti-government groups who also kill and kidnap civilians, as well as those who kill individuals whom they suspect of being sorcerers or witches. Torture is forbidden by the Constitution but the torture of

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In 2010, a camerawoman was beaten, robbed, and raped in the presence of her children and husband, but no one was arrested. Some senior officials have threatened journalists who have been critical of the government. Many journalists practice self-censorship out of fear of government reprisal. Since

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In reality, wrote Lombard, the CAR's government "has lived off kickbacks while leaving rural authorities mostly to their own devices". She charged that the DDR Steering Committee, founded in 2009 under UN and other international auspices, had spent a great deal of time "talking and dithering", but

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report on developments in the country during 2011 provided an overview of the various rebel groups that represented a challenge to government forces, observing that the northwestern part of the country "was under the effective control of the Popular Army for the Restoration of Democracy (APRD), an

703:

Freedom of movement within the country, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation are guaranteed by the Constitution, but the first two are restricted in practice, with officials demanding bribes at checkpoints. Extortion at illegal road barriers discourages commerce and travel, thus seriously

640:

The Central African Republic won independence from France in 1960, after which there ensued what the International Rescue Committee has called "decades of misrule and lawlessness" and what the Human Rights Center at Berkeley Law has described as "decades of political instability, state fragility,

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The Central African Republic: From "Pre-genocide" to Genocide: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 1,

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Detention centers are plagued by even worse problems than prisons, though of essentially the same kinds. Fair Trials International has referred to the country's "appalling human rights record including harsh and life-threatening conditions in its detention centres." According to the U.S. State

807:

Extensive pretrial detention is a major problem. Pretrial detainees amount to about 67 percent of Ngaragba Central Prison's population in late 2010 and about 63 percent of Bimbo Central Prison's population. Although most detainees are informed promptly of the charges against them, many wait for

750:

The Central African Republic has a system for helping refugees, and in practice it protects them from being returned to countries where their lives or freedom would be endangered for various reasons. Refugees are accepted without screening, and the government cooperates with the UNHCR and other

768:

Discrimination against disabled persons is illegal, and a certain percentage of civil-service members and employees in large firms must be disabled. Societal discrimination is not a problem, but accessibility to buildings is not mandated. Most disabilities in the country are a result of polio.

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Women are subject to economic and social discrimination. Single women are not considered heads of households, and are often denied family subsidies to which they are supposedly entitled. They are also denied equal access to education and jobs. Divorce rights are equitable, however. Many women,

602:

described the CAR as a longtime "laboratory for international peace-building initiatives" that have continually failed. It noted that while the UN had repeatedly "promoted 'D.D.R.' programs – disarmament, demobilization and reintegration – to help armed groups rejoin civilian communities", the

716:

Rape is illegal, but not spousal rape. There is no minimum sentence for rape, and the law against it is not effectively enforced. In 2010, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Pillay called for urgent action in response to sexual violence against women, which is pervasive. One in seven women

687:

Television in the Central African Republic is a state monopoly, with its news coverage generally skewed in the government's favor. The High Council for Communications (HCC), which is charged with granting publication and broadcast licenses and protecting freedom of expression, is purportedly

627:

In November 2013, the UN warned the country was at risk of spiralling into genocide and France described the country as "...on the verge of genocide." The increasing violence is largely from reprisal attacks on civilians from Seleka's mainly Muslim fighters and Christian militias called

549:

On 10 December 2012, forces of the Seleka coalition, consisting mostly of members of APRD and UFDR, launched an offensive against government forces, and on 11 January 2013 a peace agreement was signed in which the parties agreed to hold new parliamentary elections. In January 2013, the

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was obliged to close its offices in the country as a result of the December violence, but reopened them in January, pointing out that the situation nonetheless remained "tense... ...as peace talks between the government, the rebel alliance and opposition parties begin in Gabon".

632:", meaning 'anti-machete' or 'anti-sword'. Christians make up half the population and Muslims 15 percent, according to the CIA World Factbook. As many Christians have sedentary lifestyles and many Muslims are nomadic, claims to the land are yet another dimension of the tensions. 2123:

The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through

1910: 1872: 1758: 594:

issued a statement saying that it feared the possible consequences of a resumption of hostilities, noting that it had "received reports of thousands of people being displaced in the north and east since the start of the Séléka advance about a month ago".

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The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and Good Governance is charged with investigating human-rights violations by the government, but is understaffed and underfunded, and thus functions only in Bangui. Critics say that it is more of a

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crippling the nation's economy. Freedom of movement is also difficult in conflict zones. Foreigners, other than diplomats, must obtain exit visas to leave the country, and this may necessitate proving that they do not owe money to the government.

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worship, although visitors must often pay bribes. Prisoners are often forced to do labor without pay. In some prisons, men and women are held together, as are adults and juveniles, and pretrial detainees are routinely held together with convicts.

821:

to play a major role. The inefficiency of courts also leads people to take the law into their own hands, holding local tribunals, appealing to local chiefs, and engaging in mob justice, especially in cases involving persons accused of witchcraft.

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Under the constitution of the Central African Republic, all human beings are equal without regard to wealth, race, disability, language, or sex. Still, these provisions are not effectively enforced, and there is considerable discrimination.

489:. Freedom of movement is limited in the northern part of the country "because of actions by state security forces, armed bandits, and other nonstate armed entities" and thanks to fighting between government and anti-government forces, many 2024: 760:

and the government does little to prevent it. They are not given identity cards, and are thus denied certain rights and services. Some of the Ba'Aka are effectively slaves, and all of them are essentially second-class citizens.

1815: 2005: 3040:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989" 1986: 2572: 1777: 3156:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000" 1739: 510:

displayed "severed heads that they claimed belonged to highway bandits they had shot", that bandits "torture travellers, plunder local residents, and kidnap women and children for ransom", that the rebel group called

3301:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008" 1682: 918: 590:, on the front line of the conflict, had "fled their homes for fear of armed violence" and "set up makeshift shelters in the bush, where they’re at the mercy of malaria-carrying mosquitoes". On the same date, the 3667: 1967: 542:

armed group which had signed a peace agreement with the government", while "the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) increased the number and severity of its attacks" in the southeast and east. In July 2011, the

3069:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990" 2677: 3127:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000" 183: 1796: 3621: 2895:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968" 3755: 3098:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999" 2375: 2080: 4172: 1661: 519:(LRA) had "kidnapped 150 people, including 55 children and physically abused them". On the other hand, BONUCA said that the government had been very cooperative with human-rights groups. 4219: 4215: 374: 3213: 3126: 3300: 3272:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008" 3155: 2982:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984" 3271: 3243:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006" 3242: 3097: 3184: 3068: 3039: 3010: 2894: 2865: 2981: 2952: 2923: 2836: 2807: 2778: 2749: 2924:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973" 4211: 1701: 2576: 3214:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006" 867:

Freedom of speech is addressed in the constitution; however, there have been incidents of government intimidation with the intent to limit media criticism. A report by the

4071: 17: 4202: 2866:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 2779:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966" 3577: 2400: 305: 301: 146: 2953:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979" 4198: 4189: 4180: 3567: 3380: 2431:"Conflict in the Central African Republic: Negotiations for a politically inclusive transition respectful of human rights, including the right to justice by victims" 264: 202: 871:'s media sustainability index noted that 'the country minimally met objectives, with segments of the legal system and government opposed to a free media system." 4176: 512: 403:

from 1972 to 1990, in 2002 and 2003, and from 2014 to the present day. It was rated 'Partly Free' from 1991 to 2001 and from 2004 to 2013. On the United Nations

318: 2685: 534:, enforced disappearances, illegal arrests, and detention", she called for "strenuous efforts... ...to put an end to these extremely serious abuses of power". 3572: 367: 287: 124: 4250: 2750:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948" 1948: 4146: 3916: 2808:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 1720: 3791: 3527: 2533: 2070: 851:

also subject to sexual exploitation. Ba'Aka adults and children are often compelled to work on farms and elsewhere and are frequently treated as slaves.

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than a human-rights office. There is also a human-rights commission in the National Assembly, but it is very underfunded and its autonomy is in doubt.

2722: 2652: 2169: 2107:

Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.

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groups, among them Doctors without Borders, Caritas, International Medical Corps, and the NGO Cooperazione Internazionale (COOPI), to aid refugees.

3655: 3471: 3330: 3185:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006" 3765: 3626: 3547: 2837:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 735: 217: 2485: 3491: 3476: 2350: 136: 3608: 3603: 3557: 3373: 604: 591: 158: 4061: 3735: 3707: 3672: 3562: 3522: 247: 178: 92: 3304: 3217: 3159: 3130: 3697: 3275: 3101: 2085: 868: 792: 778: 212: 104: 3246: 3188: 3072: 3043: 3014: 2985: 2956: 2927: 2898: 2869: 2840: 2811: 2782: 2753: 171: 3921: 3692: 3677: 3641: 3532: 3459: 2706: 2194: 233: 3750: 3712: 3702: 3510: 3496: 3450: 3366: 3011:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989" 2090: 783:

Public homosexual behavior is punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine, but the government does not seem to target gays.

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Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

3784: 3740: 3722: 3636: 3591: 3398: 619:(FIDH) said "war crimes and crimes against humanity continued to be committed as the conflict of impunity raged on" in the CAR. 323: 2624: 1930:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

3838: 3730: 3682: 2408: 347: 3760: 1834: 834:

Sanitation, ventilation, lighting, and water supplies are substandard, as is medical care. Overcrowding is a major problem.

523: 252: 3745: 2559: 543: 3433: 2625:"A Population-Based Survey on Attitudes About Accountability and Social Reconstruction in the Central African Republic" 3936: 3800: 3428: 313: 4255: 2598: 587: 3343: 3805: 2062: 341: 530:, said that impunity for human-rights abuses is one of the Central African Republic's major challenges. Citing " 4228: 1911:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

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association, although all associations must apply for registrations, which are usually granted without delay.

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High Commissioner has described as undergoing "the most neglected crisis in the world", has an extremely poor

3976: 2376:"Human rights: violence against women in India; crackdown in Bahrain; insecurity in Central African Republic" 1873:

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

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legislation that would improve judicial independence and strengthen efforts to right human-rights abuses.

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Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity

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and condemning "all attempts to take power by force". The European Parliament singled out the use of

516: 470: 3327: 4126: 4101: 3951: 3946: 3926: 3891: 3876: 3411: 3389: 2144: 1892:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

559: 419: 388: 795:, but this has decreased thanks largely to efforts by UN agencies and NGOs to increase awareness. 4111: 4081: 4066: 4051: 4041: 4031: 3996: 3991: 3941: 3886: 3861: 2460: 2265: 1317: 575: 515:(APRD) "prevents some residents from moving around" and that armed men probably belonging to the 404: 4121: 4116: 4056: 4011: 3971: 3866: 3847: 3423: 2145:"Central African Republic: The near-poorest country - and most neglected crisis - in the world" 78: 4096: 4046: 4001: 3986: 3966: 3956: 3931: 3871: 3824: 3338: 664: 538: 447: 2430: 2025:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure

937: 291: 4106: 4016: 3906: 3418: 1489: 880: 2202: 8: 551: 1816:

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2006:

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

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International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

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International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

1111: 506:

of complicity with rebels or bandits". According to BONUCA, soldiers in the town of

2511: 1740:

First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

905: 855:

and displaced children work long hours in fields under conditions of extreme heat.

3334: 1683:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

910: 408: 434:, particularly among the armed forces; harsh and life-threatening conditions in 151: 3296: 3267: 3238: 3209: 3180: 3151: 3122: 3093: 3064: 3035: 3006: 2977: 2948: 2919: 2890: 2861: 2832: 2803: 2774: 2745: 2678:"David Simpson held in Central African Republic after discovery of dead bodies" 2599:"Rebel Training: Introducing Human Rights In War-Torn Central African Republic" 1666: 599: 392: 1968:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

859:

labor standards and health and safety regulations, but they are not enforced.

4244: 3347: 2718: 884: 554:

expressed concern about the situation, calling on the parties to respect the

482: 474: 400: 3406: 459: 396: 1797:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

3816: 2486:"US increases aid to Central African Republic amid new surge of violence" 1075: 657: 629: 527: 486: 579: 455: 451: 3352: 555: 2707:

2009 U.S Dept of State Human Rights Report: Central African Republic

2081:

Internet censorship and surveillance in the Central African Republic

1662:

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

465:

The State Department report also cites widespread, and often fatal,

2291:"Central African Republic: UN reports mounting human rights abuses" 431: 423: 418:, major human rights abuses occur in the country. These include 2401:"Rebel advance endangers civilians in Central African Republic" 435: 1702:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

562:

in the ongoing conflicts as a reason for special concern. The

2461:"Central African Republic: situation still cause for concern" 583: 507: 407:, it ranks 179 out of 187 countries. Between 1988 and 2008, 2534:"France says Central African Republic on verge of genocide" 466: 427: 2560:

Unspeakable horrors in a country on the verge of genocide

2700: 2512:"UN warning over Central African Republic genocide risk" 745: 496: 2653:"2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor -CAR-" 658:

High Commissioner for Human Rights and Good Governance

3388: 2575:. foreignpolicy.com. 13 November 2013. Archived from 1949:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

513:

Armée populaire pour la restauration de la democratie

2314: 2312: 2266:"2010 Human Rights Report: Central African Republic" 2052: 1721:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

879:

The chart shows the CAR's ratings since 1972 in the

2071:

Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic

450:; occasional intimidation and restrictions on the 2309: 2076:Human trafficking in the Central African Republic 798: 4242: 2139: 2137: 454:; restrictions on freedom of movement; official 2536:. reuters.com. 21 November 2013. Archived from 3832: 3374: 2717: 2552: 2134: 811: 648: 399:record. It has been designated 'Not Free' by 368: 4251:Human rights in the Central African Republic 2455: 2453: 2451: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 869:International Research & Exchanges Board 18:Trade unions in the Central African Republic 2723:"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2086:LGBT rights in the Central African Republic 779:LGBT rights in the Central African Republic 763: 3846: 3839: 3825: 3381: 3367: 3295: 3266: 3237: 3208: 3179: 3150: 3121: 3092: 3063: 3034: 3005: 2976: 2947: 2918: 2889: 2860: 2831: 2802: 2773: 2744: 2199:International Human Development Indicators 887:. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free". 598:On 18 January 2013, Louisa Lombard of the 375: 361: 2448: 2344: 2342: 2340: 1620: 4261:Politics of the Central African Republic 2562:The Guardian, Retrieved 23 November 2013 2217: 2091:Politics of the Central African Republic 635: 617:International Federation of Human Rights 578:indicated that despite ongoing talks in 572:International Federation of Human Rights 70:Politics of the Central African Republic 2348: 874: 411:decreased from 49 years to 47.7 years. 14: 4243: 3289: 3202: 3144: 3115: 2711: 2337: 828: 491:persons have been internally displaced 3820: 3362: 3260: 3231: 3173: 3086: 3057: 3028: 2999: 2573:"'We Live and Die Here Like Animals'" 1835:Convention on the Rights of the Child 746:Rights of refugees and asylum seekers 524:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 497:Recent reports on human rights abuses 2970: 2941: 2912: 2883: 2854: 2825: 2796: 2767: 2738: 862: 845: 724: 622: 544:Union of Democratic Forces for Unity 28: 2349:Lombard, Louisa (18 January 2013). 1627:international human rights treaties 473:; discrimination against women and 342:Central African Republic portal 24: 786: 754: 615:On 24 June 2014, in a report, the 25: 4272: 3321: 711: 4147:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3917:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3449: 3344:Freedom in the World 2012 Report 2558:Smith, David (22 November 2013) 2055: 570:A 10 January 2013 report by the 335: 77: 33: 2670: 2645: 2617: 2591: 2565: 2526: 2504: 2478: 2423: 2063:Central African Republic portal 883:reports, published annually by 670: 306:in the Central African Republic 2514:. bbcnews.com. 4 November 2013 2405:International Rescue Committee 2393: 2368: 2283: 2187: 2162: 2119: 2111: 2103: 799:Rights of persons under arrest 791:Persons with HIV/AIDS are the 772: 564:International Rescue Committee 440:arbitrary arrest and detention 13: 1: 2128: 1640: 898: 2022: 2003: 1984: 1965: 1946: 1927: 1908: 1889: 1870: 1851: 1832: 1813: 1794: 1775: 1756: 1737: 1718: 1699: 1680: 1659: 1596: 1579: 1562: 1545: 1528: 1511: 1494: 1475: 1458: 1441: 1424: 1407: 1390: 1373: 1356: 1339: 1322: 1303: 1286: 1269: 1252: 1235: 1218: 1201: 1184: 1167: 1150: 1133: 1116: 1097: 1080: 1061: 1044: 1027: 1010: 993: 976: 959: 942: 923: 582:, residents of the towns of 284:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7: 2048: 430:of suspects and prisoners; 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405:Human Development Index 3424:Central African Empire 2270:US Department of State 1621:International treaties 522:In February 2010, the 517:Lord's Resistance Army 479:trafficking in persons 458:; and restrictions on 302:Diplomatic missions of 4062:São Tomé and Príncipe 3922:Republic of the Congo 3339:Amnesty International 2324:Amnesty International 1625:The CAR's stances on 665:government mouthpiece 636:Historical background 539:Amnesty International 416:U.S. State Department 3419:Kongo-Wara rebellion 2814:on 17 September 2012 2320:"Annual Report 2012" 881:Freedom in the World 875:Historical situation 469:; the prevalence of 159:Council of Ministers 4137:States with limited 3017:on 11 February 2014 2843:on 1 September 2010 2785:on 11 February 2011 2688:on February 2, 2013 2603:The Huffington Post 2579:on 18 November 2013 2205:on December 9, 2013 1472:Ange-Félix Patassé 1455:Ange-Félix Patassé 1438:Ange-Félix Patassé 1421:Ange-Félix Patassé 1404:Ange-Félix Patassé 1387:Ange-Félix Patassé 1370:Ange-Félix Patassé 1353:Ange-Félix Patassé 1336:Ange-Félix Patassé 1058:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 1041:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 1024:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 1007:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 990:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 973:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 956:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 893:Historical ratings 829:Rights of prisoners 552:European Parliament 3632:Telecommunications 3333:2014-12-31 at the 3328:2012 Annual Report 3220:on 13 January 2016 3046:on 20 October 2012 2988:on 8 November 2010 2756:on 20 October 2012 2355:The New York Times 1318:Ange-Félix Patassé 938:Jean-Bédel Bokassa 532:summary executions 444:pretrial detention 292:Sylvie Baïpo-Temon 4238: 4237: 4164:other territories 3937:Equatorial Guinea 3814: 3813: 3774: 3773: 3688:Human trafficking 3650: 3649: 3586: 3585: 3568:Political parties 3563:National Assembly 3538:Foreign relations 3505: 3504: 3307:on 25 August 2012 3191:on 19 August 2012 3075:on 25 August 2012 2959:on 23 August 2012 2297:. 10 October 2008 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1613: 863:Freedom of speech 846:Employees' rights 725:Children's rights 623:Genocide warnings 592:UN Refugee Agency 414:According to the 385: 384: 319:Visa requirements 278:Foreign relations 265:Political parties 240:Recent elections 188:Simplice Sarandji 179:National Assembly 63: 62: 16:(Redirected from 4268: 4225: 4224:(United Kingdom) 4220:Tristan da Cunha 4216:Ascension Island 4208: 4195: 4186: 4162:Dependencies and 3855:Sovereign states 3841: 3834: 3827: 3818: 3817: 3794: 3787: 3661: 3660: 3617: 3597: 3596: 3516: 3515: 3465: 3464: 3453: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3303:. 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