78:
235:
Fractal tree indexes can be applied to a number of applications characterized by near-real time analysis of streaming data. They can be used as the storage layer of a database or as the storage layer of a file system. When used in a database, they can be used in any setting where a B-tree is used,
252:
sites. It can also be used to create indexes and columns online, enabling query flexibility for e-commerce personalization. It is also suited to improving performance and reducing existing loads on transactional websites. In general, it performs well in applications that must simultaneously store
227:, or adding an index) can be done online and in the background. As a result, more indexes can be maintained without a drop in performance. This is because adding data to indexes tends to stress the performance of B-trees, but performs well in fractal tree indexes.
222:
but with insertions and deletions that are asymptotically faster than a B-tree. Fractal trees also allow for messages to be injected into the tree in such a fashion that schema changes (such as adding or dropping a
524:
847:
416:
195:
270:
395:
302:
168:
156:
88:
618:
57:
269:
This approach to building memory-efficient systems was originally jointly developed by researchers at the
788:
41:
479:
105:
371:
832:
796:
580:
236:
with improved performance. Examples include: network event management, online advertising networks,
806:
722:
573:
116:
30:
351:
331:
437:
274:
503:
148:
747:
254:
128:
458:
8:
611:
215:
77:
696:
218:
that keeps data sorted and allows searches and sequential access in the same time as a
212:
144:
290:
224:
852:
650:
100:
586:
548:
842:
737:
671:
312:
172:
164:
93:
837:
604:
183:
160:
132:
240:
analytics, and air traffic control management. Other uses include accelerated
826:
742:
655:
245:
249:
176:
66:
811:
241:
237:
681:
25:
596:
686:
286:
198:. However, it is deprecated in Percona Server 8 and MariaDB 10.5.
801:
777:
773:
757:
701:
691:
631:
187:
140:
732:
727:
717:
676:
307:
219:
191:
525:"Big Data is Creating The Future - It's A $ 50 Billion Market"
645:
627:
591:
136:
583:
before it was acquired by
Percona, from the Wayback Machine
152:
289:
in MySQL. Tokutek was a
Startup Showcase Finalist at the
285:
TokuDB is named as one of the technologies that enable
506:. State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook
417:"Air traffic queries in MyISAM and Tokutek (TokuDB)"
372:"Covering Indexes: Orders-of-Magnitude Improvements"
16:
Storage engine for MySQL, MariaDB and
Percona Server
824:
280:
612:
396:"Detailed review of Tokutek storage engine"
619:
605:
76:
163:-based query improvements, offers online
438:"How TokuDB Fractal Tree Databases Work"
461:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
201:
825:
459:"Cache-Oblivious Search Trees Project"
626:
600:
271:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
303:Comparison of MySQL database engines
293:Strata Conference 2012 on big data.
848:Database-related software for Linux
13:
14:
864:
565:
541:
517:
592:TokuTek organization on GitHub
549:"Strata 2012 Startup Showcase"
496:
472:
451:
430:
409:
388:
364:
344:
324:
273:, Rutgers University, and the
143:. It achieves this by using a
1:
587:DBMS2.com Overview of Tokutek
318:
7:
296:
281:Role on the big data market
206:
167:modifications, and reduces
47:7.5.5 / January 29, 2015
10:
869:
264:
106:GNU General Public License
787:
766:
710:
664:
638:
504:"Cache Oblivious B-trees"
480:"Cache-Oblivious B-trees"
112:
99:
87:
56:
52:
40:
36:
24:
419:. MySQL Performance Blog
352:"Percona Server COPYING"
774:MySQL Stored Procedures
230:
275:Stony Brook University
182:TokuDB is included in
485:. Rutgers University
202:Fractal tree indexes
159:compliant, provides
767:Procedural Language
216:tree data structure
131:, high-performance
21:
789:Forks and Branches
697:Database Workbench
213:Fractal tree index
145:fractal tree index
19:
820:
819:
257:data and execute
122:
121:
860:
833:Database engines
651:MySQL Enterprise
621:
614:
607:
598:
597:
577:
576:
574:Official website
560:
559:
557:
556:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
521:
515:
514:
512:
511:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
484:
476:
470:
469:
467:
466:
455:
449:
448:
446:
445:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
413:
407:
406:
404:
403:
392:
386:
385:
383:
382:
376:
368:
362:
361:
359:
358:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
328:
244:performance for
173:hard disk drives
80:
75:
72:
70:
68:
22:
18:
868:
867:
863:
862:
861:
859:
858:
857:
823:
822:
821:
816:
783:
762:
738:MySQL Federated
711:Storage engines
706:
672:MySQL Workbench
660:
634:
625:
581:TokuTek website
572:
571:
568:
563:
554:
552:
547:
546:
542:
533:
531:
523:
522:
518:
509:
507:
502:
501:
497:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:
473:
464:
462:
457:
456:
452:
443:
441:
436:
435:
431:
422:
420:
415:
414:
410:
401:
399:
394:
393:
389:
380:
378:
374:
370:
369:
365:
356:
354:
350:
349:
345:
336:
334:
332:"Release Notes"
330:
329:
325:
321:
313:Database engine
299:
283:
267:
233:
209:
204:
94:Database engine
83:
65:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
866:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
818:
817:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
791:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:(a variant of
770:
768:
764:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
714:
712:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
666:
662:
661:
659:
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
636:
635:
624:
623:
616:
609:
601:
595:
594:
589:
584:
578:
567:
566:External links
564:
562:
561:
540:
516:
495:
471:
450:
429:
408:
387:
363:
343:
322:
320:
317:
316:
315:
310:
305:
298:
295:
282:
279:
266:
263:
246:search engines
232:
229:
211:TokuDB uses a
208:
205:
203:
200:
184:Percona Server
133:storage engine
120:
119:
117:Percona TokuDB
114:
110:
109:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
82:
81:
73:/tokudb-engine
62:
60:
54:
53:
50:
49:
46:
44:
42:Stable release
38:
37:
34:
33:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
865:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
790:
786:
779:
775:
772:
771:
769:
765:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:MySQL Archive
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
709:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
667:
665:SQL GUI tools
663:
657:
656:MySQL Cluster
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
602:
599:
593:
590:
588:
585:
582:
579:
575:
570:
569:
550:
544:
530:
526:
520:
505:
499:
481:
475:
460:
454:
439:
433:
418:
412:
397:
391:
373:
367:
353:
347:
333:
327:
323:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
294:
292:
288:
278:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
228:
226:
221:
217:
214:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
171:lag for both
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
79:
74:
64:
63:
61:
59:
55:
51:
45:
43:
39:
35:
32:
29:
27:
23:
752:
553:. Retrieved
543:
532:. Retrieved
528:
519:
508:. Retrieved
498:
487:. Retrieved
474:
463:. Retrieved
453:
442:. Retrieved
432:
421:. Retrieved
411:
400:. Retrieved
390:
379:. Retrieved
366:
355:. Retrieved
346:
335:. Retrieved
326:
284:
268:
258:
250:social media
234:
210:
181:
177:flash memory
124:
123:
26:Developer(s)
812:WebScaleSQL
238:clickstream
169:replication
129:open-source
108:(version 2)
827:Categories
682:phpMyAdmin
555:2012-05-21
551:. O'Reilly
534:2012-05-21
510:2011-01-17
489:2011-01-17
465:2011-01-17
444:2011-01-17
440:. O'Reilly
423:2011-01-17
402:2012-02-22
381:2011-01-17
357:2015-12-17
337:2015-10-20
319:References
58:Repository
780:Standard)
398:. Percona
377:. Percona
261:queries.
147:. It is
687:HeidiSQL
639:Editions
297:See also
291:O'Reilly
287:big data
255:log file
207:Overview
161:indexing
149:scalable
71:/Tokutek
853:MariaDB
807:Percona
802:MariaDB
797:Drizzle
778:SQL/PSM
758:MyRocks
702:DBeaver
692:Navicat
632:MariaDB
265:Origins
242:crawler
188:MariaDB
141:MariaDB
113:Website
101:License
31:Percona
843:NewSQL
753:TokuDB
733:XtraDB
728:InnoDB
723:Falcon
718:MyISAM
677:SQLyog
529:Forbes
308:NewSQL
259:ad hoc
225:column
220:B-tree
194:based
192:Nagios
165:schema
127:is an
125:TokuDB
67:github
20:TokuDB
838:MySQL
646:MySQL
628:MySQL
483:(PDF)
375:(PDF)
196:opmon
137:MySQL
748:Aria
630:and
248:for
231:Uses
190:and
175:and
157:MVCC
155:and
153:ACID
139:and
135:for
89:Type
69:.com
829::
527:.
277:.
186:,
179:.
151:,
620:e
613:t
606:v
558:.
537:.
513:.
492:.
468:.
447:.
426:.
405:.
384:.
360:.
340:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.