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disagreement over the plan of union and examination of candidates for the ministry had erupted at synod. The Old Side did not inquire into the candidate's experience to determine his acquaintance with religion, and the New Side minister had done so. The synod decided to leave it up to each presbytery on whether or not to question candidates in such a manner. That year they also created a Second
Presbytery of Philadelphia, which was clearly done on a theological split, not a geographical one. In 1765 the Old Side controlled Presbytery of Donegal was split into multiple presbyteries. On account of this perceived violation of their rights and the Plan of Union, the Old Side members of the Presbytery of Donegal withdrew from Synod and Revs. John Ewing and Alexander McDowell, both Old Side ministers, protested the decision of synod to split Donegal. In the end, the outbreak of the Revolutionary War took center stage and by the end of the war the Synod of New York and Philadelphia dissolved and in 1788 the first General Assembly was formed.
86:. The synod and presbyteries provided oversight and discipline to ministers and churches, and they also ordained ministers. Early on, American Presbyterians were divided by both ethnicity and religious outlook. Some of the members had Scots-Irish and Scottish backgrounds, while others came from New England. The Scots-Irish party stressed a dogmatic adherence to confessional standards, professional ministry, and the orderly and authoritarian nature of church government. The New England party emphasized "spontaneity, vital impulse, adaptability" and experiential
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Points four through seven all deal with consequences of having a different understanding of the
Doctrine of Convictions. The Old Side ministers accused the New Side ministers of rashly condemning other Presbyterian ministers as unconverted (point four), of teaching that regularly ordained ministers
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and being able to judge the gracious state of an individual by that narrative (point seven). The New Side condemned the Old Side for not requiring narratives or preaching the terrors of the law. Gilbert
Tennent at least believed that some ministers were unconverted and that people should not sit
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For the next several years the
Conjunct Presbytery and the Synod of Philadelphia battled in print and over reuniting, with the Presbytery of New York standing in the middle. The Presbytery of New York generally favored the revival, but had doubts about some of the extreme and disorderly actions.
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The factions of the Old Side and New Side did not die down. The Synod of New York had 72 ministers in 1758 when it merged with the Synod of
Philadelphia, which had only a little over twenty. Thus, the New Side doctrine was imposed upon the Presbyteries and became the rule of the Synod. By 1762
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to be the common standard for faith and practice. Rather than scrutinizing the beliefs of ministerial candidates, the anti-subscriptionists thought it would be more helpful to examine their personal religious experience. The impasse was resolved with passage of the
118:. The Adopting Act was a compromise that required affirmation or "subscription" only for those parts of the confession considered "essential" to the faith. This compromise maintained peace between the two groups for several years until the
53:. The Old and New Side Presbyterians existed as separate churches from 1741 until 1758. The name of Old Side–New Side is usually meant as specifically referring to the Presbyterian Church. When one is referring to the debate as a whole,
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inefficiency, and the bottomless gulf of
Unitarianism" by reuniting with the New Side in 1758. Others think that there were no doctrinal divisions between the two parties, just ones of methodology.
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There are many different view points on the Old Side–New Side conflict today. Historian Joseph Tracy held that the Old Side was saved from drifting into "the dead sea of
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Finally, in 1746, the
Presbytery of New York left the Synod of Philadelphia and joined the New Side. The Conjunct Presbytery then became the
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A History of the
Presbyterian Church in America: From Its Origin Until the Year 1760, with Biographical Sketches of Its Early Ministers
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under the ministry of an unconverted minister. This comes from his famous sermon, "Dangers of an
Unconverted Ministry".
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159:, using the boundary that had resulted from the split into east and west parishes during the controversy.
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led to the subscription controversy of the 1720s. The Scots-Irish or subscription party believed that
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A dispute between these two groups over whether the synod should require ministers to affirm the
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Tennent, Gilbert: "Dangers of An
Unconverted Ministry", Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, 1740.
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The Broadening Church: A Study of Theological Issues in the Presbyterian Church Since 1869
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could do no spiritual good if they were unconverted (point five), of preaching the '
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ideas. The New England or anti-subscription party preferred declaring the
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History of Rockingham County, New Hampshire and representative citizens
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while the Old Side ministers continued as the Synod of Philadelphia.
296:, Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia, pgs. 339–634, 1976.
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and was part of the wider theological controversy surrounding the
457:. Phillipsburg, New Jersey: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing.
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In 1717, Presbyterians in the American colonies created the
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Background: Presbyterianism in the American colonies to 1741
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435:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster Johh Knox Press.
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397:Balmer, Randall Herbert; Fitzmier, John R. (1994).
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468:. Philadelphia: Joseph M. Wilson on behalf of the
403:. Denominations in America. Vol. 5. Praeger.
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424:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
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139:1758 reunification and legacy of the controversy
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432:Presbyterians and American Culture: A History
294:Minutes of the Presbyterian Church in America
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155:seceded in 1827 from its western neighbour,
371:, The Banner of Truth Trust, pg. 388, 1989.
455:Studies in Southern Presbyterian Theology
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336:. Chicago: Richmond-Arnold. p. 283.
34:American Presbyterian church controversy
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502:18th century in the Thirteen Colonies
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507:Presbyterianism in the United States
512:Protestantism-related controversies
122:initiated a new round of conflict.
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517:18th-century Reformed Christianity
312:The Road to Derry: A Brief History
172:' (point six), and of requiring a
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29:Old School–New School controversy
18:The Old Side–New Side Controversy
74:, which was subdivided into the
470:Presbyterian Historical Society
418:Loetscher, Lefferts A. (1954).
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429:Longfield, Bradley J. (2013).
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39:Old Side–New Side controversy
328:Hazlett, Charles A. (1915).
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497:18th-century controversies
269:Balmer & Fitzmier 1994
257:Balmer & Fitzmier 1994
230:Balmer & Fitzmier 1994
126:Years of schism, 1742–1758
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462:Webster, Richard (1857).
306:Holmes, Richard (2009).
27:Not to be confused with
76:Philadelphia Presbytery
95:Westminster Confession
80:Long Island Presbytery
120:First Great Awakening
84:New Castle Presbytery
72:Synod of Philadelphia
51:First Great Awakening
174:conversion narrative
116:Adopting Act of 1729
41:occurred within the
369:The Great Awakening
349:, pp. 168–170.
105:from the threat of
43:Presbyterian Church
308:"10: The Churches"
170:terrors of the law
149:New Hampshire town
103:Reformed orthodoxy
400:The Presbyterians
321:978-1-62584-262-6
133:Synod of New York
57:is usually used.
55:Old and New Light
16:(Redirected from
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99:subscription
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314:. Arcadia.
181:Views today
163:Differences
157:Londonderry
491:Categories
410:0313260842
391:References
381:Smith 1962
82:, and the
193:Citations
453:(1962).
187:Arminian
330:"Derry"
61:History
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78:, the
153:Derry
111:Bible
88:piety
474:ISBN
437:ISBN
405:ISBN
316:ISBN
147:The
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