Twelver Shi'ism - Knowledge

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the entry to the paradise. Nasr states that as equilibrium, both outward and inward, is the prerequisite for the spiritual flight, all Muslims should carry out Jihad against any outward and inward forces to maintain equilibrium. The outward Jihad is related to the defense of the Muslim world against non-Islamic forces. It also includes the defense of one's honor, family and rights and establishing justice in the whole environment. But this lesser jihad should be completed by a greater Jihad which is war against all forces that are against the nobility of the human. He adds that from the spiritual point of view all the pillars of Islam like Shahadah, prayer ... are the weapons for the practice of this inner Jihad. So inner Jihad is the path for the realization of the One who is the ultimate message of the Islam. This inner Jihad continues until every breath of man echoes that reality who is the origin of every thing and all things return to him. Nasr adds that every religious deed is Jihad because it is a striving between one's passionate soul(nafs) and the demands of the immortal spirit. Islam sees Jihad as a care against every thing which distracts one from God. Shia believe that Jihad as defense is legitimate not as aggression. The Jihad can not be done against the innocent and the enemy should be treated with Justice and kindness and Jihad should be carried out on the basis of truth not on the basis of anger. The killing of women, children, even animals and the destruction is forbidden in Jihad.

4290:) should come in. This rational effort to find the solutions for the temporary issues is called Ijtihad (making of an effort). It is derived form the word jihad which means the struggle for the attainment of God's Will on earth. The participle of ijtihad is mujtahid (the person who makes effort). They should master the Arabic language and be familiar with the foundations of Quran and hadith. They also should know the principles of Jurisprudence and logic. The remaining other believers, who are not expert, exercise taqlid which means authorization; that is common believers authorize the experts to make decisions for them. If the mujtahid make a mistake, the believer is not responsible for his error. Though ijtihad makes the Shia theology flexible. The traces of Ijtihad refers back to the time of Imams when they trained scholars to answer to the judicial problems of the people. As al-Baqir said to Aban ibn Taghlib: "Sit down at the door of the mosque and pronounce fatwa (judgement) to the people ..." According to 3251:

cradle to the grave in order to get happiness in the Hereafter. He adds to get into Haqiqah, a Muslim should follow the Shari'ah which resides within the formal law. This interior part of the Shariah is Tariqah. The Shari'ah consists of Ibadat (worship) which is all the conjunctions that apply to the Islamic rites and muamalat which includes every kind of social, political and economic transactions. The Shari'ah divides all acts into five categories: obligatory(wajib), recommended(mandub), reprehensible or abominable(makruh), forbidden(haram) and acts toward which the Divine Law is indifferent(mubah). The evaluation of the act is on the base of the Shari'ah. God is the ultimate legislator (the Shari') and the roots of the Shari'ah is in the Quran. The Hadith and Sunnah are the second sources of the Shari'ah and the complements of the Quran. The Shari'ah has immutable principles but is applicable to new situations.

3470:(Fasting) means to abstain oneself from something, which later in the development of the religion was applied to abstaining from some particular things, from break of dawn up to sunset, with intention (niyyah,النّيّة). Fasting results in piety i.e., to abstain oneself from gratifying worldly matters, results in the perfection of the spirit. He adds, one should care about matters which take him away from his Lord: this is called piety. This abstinence from common lawful things causes him to abstain from unlawful things and to come nearer to God. The end of Ramadan comes with the prayer of the Eid after which a sum of money equal to the cost of all the meals not eaten by oneself and one's family during this month is usually given to the poor. 2783:

miracle has an inseparable connection with the claim of the prophethood and it is beyond the intellect and thinking. By miracle, al-Hilli means "the bringing into existence of something which is abnormal or the removal of something which normally exists, in a way which breaks through normality and which conforms to the claim (of prophethood which is made). " Sobhani regards some differences between miracles and extraordinary acts. He notes that miracles are not teachable and they are done without any prior training. As they are derived from the infinite power of God, the miracles are indisputable. The miracles are of unlimited types. The miracles are often concerned with spiritual matters rather worldly matters.

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Islam would whither and decline. God's absolute authority is the foundation of Twelvers political thought, though every one who wishes to have authority must be assigned by Him. As evidence for this theory he quoted Hakim (Wali) Ja'far as-Sadiq who Hadith relate as saying: "I have appointed him a hakim over you. If such a person orders (judges) according to our ruling and the person concerned does not accept it, then he has shown contempt for the ruling of God and rejects us; and he who rejects us, actually rejects Allah and such a person is close to association with Allah. " Regarding the priority of the guardianship over all other religious law, Khomeini states that:

4251:, forbids referring to tyrannical government for all the times. " In fact, the idea of jurist authority is based on the belief that establishing an ideal society without any aid from God's revelation, is not possible. According to Usuli Twelvers, Juristic authority emphasizes on the role of Shari'a in society. According to Al-Murtaza, on certain conditions holding office on behalf of the true Leaders is obligatory: to enable the office to order what is right and forbid what is wrong, to protect the Shi'ites, the Shi'ites are threatened to death, otherwise. Khomeini and his followers taught that traditionally Twelver Shia consider 3419:

in the afternoon; at sunset; and at night before midnight. The call to prayer (adhan) and ritual ablution (wudu) are preceded before the prayer and it can be performed on any ritually clean ground whether outdoors or indoors as long as one has the permission of the owner. The units (rak'ah) of prayer are two in the morning, four at noon, four in the afternoon, three in the evening, and four at night. Shia perform prayers on especial occasions like fear, joy, thanksgiving and at the pilgrimages and at the end of Ramadan. There are minor differences between Sunnis and Twelvers in how the prayer ritual is performed. During the

1907:. Ja'far al-Sadiq and al-Baqir are the founders of the Imami Shiite school of religious law. Al-Sadiq acquired a noteworthy group of scholars around himself, comprising some of the most eminent jurists, traditionists, and theologians of the time. During his time, Shia developed in the theological and legal issues. Both Muhammad al-Baqir and Ja'far al-Sadiq improved the position of the Shia and elaborated the intellectual basis of the interpretation and practice of Shiite Islam. Their teachings were the basis for the development of Shiite spirituality and religious rituals. 5883: 4186:"crafted a new theory of government" which held that while "not truly legitimate", the Safavid monarchy would be "blessed as the most desirable form of government during the period of awaiting" for Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth imam. In general, the Shi'a adhered to one of three approaches towards the state: either full participation in government, i.e., attempting to influence policies by becoming active in politics, or passive cooperation with it, i.e. minimal participation, or else most commonly, mere toleration of it, i.e. remaining aloof from it. 2130:

metaphysical synthesis known as Divine Wisdom or theosophy(Persian:hikmat-i ilahi). The most important representative of the School of Isfahan was Mulla Sadra. Mulla Sadra produced his own synthesis of Muslim thought, including theology, peripatetic philosophy, philosophical mysticism, and Sufi studies, particularly the Sufism of Ibn al-'Arabi. Mulla Sadra trained eminent students, such as Mulla Muhsin Kashani and 'Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji who passed down the traditions of the School of Isfahan in later centuries in both Iran and India.

2983: 846: 4123: 4308: 2802: 3893:", but it "failed" because Khamenei "had modest religious credentials (he was only elevated to the rank of ayatollah after Khomeini's death, so he could assume the post of supreme leader). Faced with Baathist persecution and an Iranian power grab, Sistani was able to retain his position." Gleave does not mention al-Sistani but states that Khamenei's "position as the Marja˓ al-taqlid" has "remained a matter of dispute". 1875:. As most of his supporters were in Iraq, Ali moved the capital of Islam to Kufa and there began to fight against Mu'awiyah, who rejected giving allegiance to Ali. The death of Husayn played an important role in the spread of Shi'ism in the regions of Iraq, Yemen and Persia. At the end of the first century, the influential leaders in the government established the city of Qom for the settlement of the Shia. 1377: 781: 2109:. While most of the larger cities of Iran were Sunni, he declared Twelverism as the official religion of his empire. Many Shia scholars were brought to set up the Shia seminaries in Iran. One of those was Karaki who stated that, for the interest of Umma, it is necessary for a Shia scholar to be a legitimate leader to carry out the tasks of the Imam who is hidden. Under Safavids, religious authorities ( 3083:. Accordingly, they have the power to commit sin but are able to avoid doing so by their nature The Infallibles are believed to follow only God's desire in their actions, because of their supreme righteousness, consciousness, and love for God. They are also regarded as being immune to error: in practical matters, in calling people to religion, and in the perception of divine knowledge. 4242:"The government, or the absolute guardianship (alwilayat al-mutlaqa) that is delegated to the noblest messenger of Allah, is the most important divine law and has priority over all other ordinances of the law. If the powers of the government be restricted to the framework of ordinances of the law then the delegation of the authority to Muhammad would be a senseless phenomenon. " 1916:

rule of al-Ma'mun, Shia was free from the political pressures and was somehow at liberty. In the fourth/tenth century, the weaknesses in the Abbasid government and coming up the Buyid rulers caused the spread, strength and open propagation of the Shi'ism. From the fifth/eleventh to the ninth century many Shia kings appeared in the Islamic world who propagated the Shi'ism.

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further adds that with passing of the time and gradual development of the society, the gradual development in the revealed law is apparent. By three ways the speech of God reaches to man, by revelation or divine inspiration; behind a veil, man can hear God's speech but can not hear him; or by a messenger, an angel conveys the inspiration to the man. By the verses

3172:, God, whose actions are the absolute truth, does not create a man without any purpose. While the quality of this world makes the recompense impossible, the Justice of God necessitates that every one be recompensed according to his own actions. Tabataba'i describes the death as a transfer from one stage of life to another eternal stage. The verse 4204:, based on the idea that Islamic jurists are "legatees" of Muhammad and the Imams, that in the absence of an infallible Imam, a capable jurist (faqih) takes the responsibility of leadership of the community. Khomeini believed himself to be just such a person and with the enormous support he had as the revolution's leader he became the 3503:), meaning one fifth, is an annual tax of one-fifth which is levied on net income (after paying all expenses). This tax is to be spent on Muhammad, his family, orphans, the needy and the travelers. Half of the Khums is the share of the Imam which is his inheritance from Muhammad and at the absence of Imam, it is paid to 2072:, Shi'a were more free to develop and al-Hilla became the new learning center for Shia. Continuing the rationalistic tradition of the Baghdad School, defining reason as an important principle of Jurisprudence, al-Hillah school laid the theoretical foundation upon which the authority of Jurisprudents is based today. 7593: 3600:

According to Nasr, Jihad literally means effort but in the path of God in the whole of life. Shia associates the doctrine of Jihad directly to the Walayah or allegiance to the Imamah, i.e., it is Imam who can distinguish the situation which necessitates the Jihad and just this kind of Jihad may cause

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Nasr describes that Fasting is abstaining oneself from food, drink and sexual intercourse from the dawn to the sunset during the month of Ramadan. The Fast also requires the abstaining one's mind and tongue away from evil thoughts and words. It is obligatory from the age of adolescence until the time

3427:, arms, feet, etc. and saying of some prayers), the Shīʻa view wiping the feet with wet hands as sufficient. Also, Shīʻa do not use their fingers to clean inside the ears during the ablution ritual. A prerequisite for purification is that one has to be clean before performing the purification ritual. 3916:

implies. It is as a weapon for the weak before the tyrants. If Dissimulation cause the disappearance of the religion or the fundamentals of the religion, it is forbidden and Muslims are to give up their lives but if there is no advantage in their being killed, it is to dissimulate. There is no place

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While sharing the Unity of God and the divine guidance through his messenger Muhammad, Shia maintain that for the spiritual and moral guidance of the community, God instructed Muhammad to designate Ali as the leader of the community which was made public at Ghadir Khumm. Twelvers, along with Sunnis,

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Tabataba'i expresses that according to the thesis of general guidance, as the human reason cannot perceive the perfect law of happiness (Sa'adah) and he could not get it through the process of creation, there should be a general awareness of this law and it could be within the reach of every one. He

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states that God has perfected the guidance of people through sending the prophets; When the doctrines and practices of the revealed law gets to its perfection, the prophecy comes to an end, too. That is why the Quran points out that Islam is the last and the most perfect religion and Muhammad is the

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God guides each human through sending messengers and He does not impose upon them obligations that are beyond their capacity. In the Message of The Quran by Mohammad Asad, the interpretation of v 20:50 is as follows; He(Moses) replied (to Pharaoh); Our Sustainer is He who gives unto every thing its

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In 610, when Muhammad received the first revelation, Ali was 10 years old. At the time of Muhammad, some of the supporters of Ali, particularly Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, Salman the Persian, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, and Ammar ibn Yasir were called the Shiites of Ali. The division of Islam into Shia and Sunni

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Shaykh al-Saduq and Shaykh al-Tusi transmit the hadith that Muhammad al-Mahdi, in response to Ishaq ibn Yaqub, through Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Umari expresses that: "As for the events that may occur (al-hawadith al-waqi'a) refer to the transmitters (ruwat) of our teachings who are my hujjah (proof)

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is related to the purity in Arabic. It is the annual taxation of one's excess wealth at certain rates for different valuables. It is a form of social welfare program, by which wealth is redistributed and the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a small elite prevented. It is also seen as a ritual

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The canonical prayers are the most central rite of Islam which is incumbent on all Muslims, both male and female, from the age of adolescence until death. The prayers must be performed in the direction of the Ka'bah in Mecca five times a day: in the early morning, between dawn and sunrise; at noon;

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Ziyarah (literally: visit) is a religious practice that means to attend before religious leaders or their graves in order to express and indicate reverence/love and acquire spiritual blessings. The visitation of the imams is recommended even by Imams themselves and Shia scholars and jurists from an

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Tabataba'i states that the Justice of God necessitates that the virtuous and evil people become separated; the virtuous have a good life and the evil have a wretched life. He will judge the beliefs and the deeds of all the people according to the truth and he will give every one his right due. Then

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Shaykh Tusi, founder of Shia Ijtihad, was the first to establish the bases of reasoning in Shia Jurisprudence. His book al-Mabsut is the first book of Ijtihad which derives the subordinates from the principles. Tusi bought the Shia religious law to a new period. The main point is that he recognized

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At the beginning of the third/ninth century once again Shia flourished and it was due to the translation of scientific and philosophical books from other languages to Arabic, Al-Ma'mun giving freedom to the propagation of different religious views and his interest in intellectual debates. Under the

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Hajj is the supreme pilgrimage of the Muslim to the Ka'bah in Mecca. This rite involves circumambulation around the Ka'bah, certain movements, prayers, and the sacrifice of an animal in Mecca and adjoining holy areas according to Sunnah. Muslims believe that if the Hajj was performed by sincerity,

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In the Jaʻfarī view, the hands are to be left hanging straight down the side during the standing position of the prayer. The Jaʻfarī consider the five daily prayers to be compulsory, though the Jaʻfarī consider it acceptable to pray the second and third prayer, and the fourth and fifth prayer, one

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and Sunna. Muhammad, the angels, Imams and martyrs are among the intercessors by God's will. Muhammad has expressed that one of God's gifts to him is the right of intercession of those who have committed major sins. As Quran represents the sons of Jacob asked their father to intercede for them and

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Tawhid of the attributes means God's attributes have no other reality than His essence. Ali argues that "Every attribute testifies to its being other than the object to which it is attributed, and every such object in turn testifies to its being other than the attribute. " Tawhid of the attributes

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On the other hand, Usulis depicted themselves as "a living continuous leadership of the believers" with "flexibility regarding legal and especially political questions", which they regard as necessary because the knowledge provided by hadith is non-systematic and purely doctrinal lacking rational

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Mutah is claimed to have existed during the time of Muhammad, and during a portion of his time, it was not prohibited. On this basis, Shias believe that anything that was allowed during the time of Muhammad should remain allowed after. Mut'ah was allegedly practiced from the time of revelation to

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God will resurrect all human beings and they will stand before God to be questioned about their lives on the world. On this day people are two groups, people who receive their book by their right hand who are the people of paradise and their face is bright and the people who receive their book by

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implies that the person who is raised up at the Resurrection is the one who was alive on the earth. The purpose of the Resurrection of the body and rejoining the soul is that it experience the rewards and punishments which are sensible and they can not be experienced with the lack of the body.The

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Twelvers believe in the return; the term refers to the revival of a group of Muslims back to this world after the appearance of Mahdi. The base of this belief derives from the revival of the dead in the past communities as mentioned in the Quran and the revival at the Day of Resurrection. Sobhani

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Tabataba'i defines the miracle as a supernatural event which is shown by the prophet and the friends of God as a challenge to prove the claim of the prophethood and it is by God's permission. He states that the miracle should be according to the demands of the people of his own time. He adds that

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Traditional Twelvers believe that God's names are created by Him and are not His attributes. A name is a combination of created letters while attributes are what is implied by that name. It is stated in Al-Kafi that whoever worships God's names has committed disbelief in God, as they are not Him.

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According to Khomeini, the basis of this juristic authority is derived from the Imamate as the expansion of the prophecy and knowledge (ilm) which is also the basis for the religious and political authority of the Imam. He taught that without Islamic government ruled by the leading jurist/faqih,

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According to Twelvers, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. Ali was the first Imam of this line, and in the Twelvers' view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad

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Belief in the existence of the angels is one of the articles of Iman. Unseen beings of a luminous and spiritual substance, angels act as intermediaries between God and the visible world. Although superior in substance, angels are inferior to mankind, because man can reflect the image of God. The

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According to Twelvers' narrations, God does not create Humans' actions and instead they are fully created by humans. According to a narration by Musa Al-Khadhim, if God created humans' actions then He should not punish humans for it. Jaafar Al-Subhani argues that the justice of God requires that

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is the founder of it. Mir Damad combined the teachings of Ibn Arabi, Suhrawardi, Ibn Sina and Nair al-Din and founded a new intellectual dimension in the texture of Shi'ism. The scholars of the School of Isfahan integrated the philosophical, theological, and mystical traditions of Shi'ism into a

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According to Nasr, the root of the Shari'ah is Shr' which means road that all the men and women should follow. The Shari'ah or Divine Law of Islam is ritual, legal, ethical, and social aspects of Islam which is the concrete embodiment of the will of God. It governs the life of a Muslim from the

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narrates from his fathers that Muhammad, in one of his sermons expressed that " sent to people messengers so they might be His conclusive argument against His creatures and so His messengers to them might be witnesses against them. He sent among them prophets bearing good tidings and warning. "

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However, some philosophers believe that all the existence is His creation including a human being and his actions. But actions have two dimensions. The first is committing the action by free will, the second is the creation of that action by God's will with which he gave the people the power to

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concerns with establishing the legal standards on the basis of the four foundations of Quran, hadith, Ijma' and Aql. (Ijma' is the unanimous consensus.) Aql, in Shia Jurisprudence, is applied to four practical principles namely bara'at (immunity), ihtiyat (precaution), takhyir (selection), and

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points to this perception namely revelation. Tabataba'i describes that the reception of revelation, its preservation and its propagation are three principles of ontological guidance. What the prophets got through the revelation was religion which consists of doctrine and practice or method. He

4294:, the mujtahids acted as the guard against tyrannical government and they had religious and social functions. Al-Karaki narrates a hadith from his teachers that the scholar is the guardian of the religion, successor of the Imam and he should draw conclusions from the sources by the reasoning. 2278:

The first step of religion is to accept, understand and realize him as the Lord ... The correct form of belief in his unity is to realize that he is so absolutely pure and above nature that nothing can be added to or subtracted from his being. That is, one should realize that there is no

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branches believe in a different number of Imams and, for the most part, a different path of succession regarding the Imamate. They also differ in the role and overall definition of an Imam. Twelvers are also distinguished from Ismāʿīlīs by their belief in Muhammad's status as the "Seal of the

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Henry Corbin, states that "the practice was instituted by the Imams themselves, not only for reasons of personal safety, but as an attitude called for by the absolute respect for high doctrines: nobody has strictly the right to listen to them except those who are capable of listening to, and

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The second wave of the Usulies was shaped in the Mongol period when al-Hilli used the term Mujtahid, the one who deduces the ordinance on the basis of the authentic arguments of the religion. By Ijtihad, al-Hilli meant the disciplined reasoning on the basis of the shari'ah. By developing the

4475:(Arabic word for forty) commemorates 40th day of Imam Husain's martydom (40th day is an auspicious day for any deceased as per Islam), remembering the suffering of Imam Husayn and his household, the women and children. After Husayn was killed, his household was marched over the desert, from 2439:

Ali insists that God is Just and he is the Justice Itself and the virtue of Justice flows from him to the souls of men. Since he is Justice, every thing he does is Just. Shiism considers Justice as innate to Divine nature, i.e. God can not act unjustly, because it is his nature to be just.

2853:, but has close relationship with God, through which God guides him, and the imam in turn guides the people. The Imamat, or belief in the divine guide is a fundamental belief in Shi'i Islam and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. 3019:

For Shi'is: to take advantage of factors to attain the goals is natural but these factors should not be taken as independent from God and should have been established in the Quran and hadith. This means can be anything which causes drawing proximity to God such as prayer, almsgiving.

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adds there must be people who apprehend the real duties of life and bring them within the reach of human being. Tabataba'i refers to this power of perception, which is other than the reason and the sense, as the prophetic consciousness or the consciousness of revelation as the verse

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verifies according to Shia fundamental belief. According to Shia, Imamah is the continuation of the prophetic mission. Shia believe in the Twelve Imams who are divinely inspired descendants of Muhammad. They must meet these attributes: nass (designation by the previous Imam),

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Mystics, philosophers, and traditional scholars all have diverse opinions about the unity of God, free will, and Judgement Day, as stated by Jafaar Seedaan. Care has been taken to mention the traditional view first and then mention other views as objectively as possible.

2146:(traditionalist) trend whose founder was Mulla Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi. Astarabadi attacked the idea of Ijtihad and called the Usulies as the enemies of religion. He recognized the hadith as the only source for the Islamic law and the understanding of the Quran. 6648: 3970:

Shia schools of Shari'a (Islamic law), is a marriage with a preset duration, after which the marriage is automatically dissolved. It has many conditions that can be considered as pre-requisite, similar to that of permanent marriage. However, it is regarded as

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and al-Hilli gave a definite shape to Shia jurisprudence and they separated the weak hadith from the sound. According to John Cooper, after al-Hilli, Imami theology and legal methodology became thoroughly infused with the terminology and style of philosophy.

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their sins will be forgiven by God. It is performed in the month of Dhu'l-hijjah and is obligatory for all the Muslims who possess physical and financial ability. There is also lesser Hajj or hajj al-'umrah which is performed on the remaining of the year.

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the reality of every thing as it is will be revealed for the man. Through his faith and good deeds, he can get to friendship with God. The form of man's deeds are joined to his soul and accompany him which are the capital of his future life. The verse

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refers to a group of Muslims who believe that the succession to Muhammad must remain in his family for specific members who are designated by a divine appointment. Tabatabai states that the word referred to the partisans of Ali at the time of Muhammad

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came in last half of the 18th century when Behbahani led Usulis to dominance and "completely routed the Akhbaris at Karbala and Najaf," so that "only a handful of Shi'i ulama have remained Akhbari to the present day." The reestablishment of the

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and other religious sciences which based the foundations for the Shia instructions. With change in political situations and a suitable conditions for the development of religious activities and the time of elaborating the religious sciences,

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Also, in a famous supplication, the supplication after the noon prayer, the person asks God to bestow on him His favors, one of those favors which the person asks is the benefit or gain from every act of righteousness, the word used here is

2849:, a divine wisdom, was the source of the souls of the prophets and imams and gave them esoteric knowledge, called Hikmah, and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a 4465:, the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate (and the first one by heredity). One group of Sunni Scholars have deemed Yazeed to be a kaafir (e.g. Sunni Scholar Ibn Jauzi in Wafa al-Wafa). Sunnis also commemorate Imam Husayn ibn Ali's 3114:. Donaldson in his argument believed that the development of the Shi'ite theology in the period between the death of Muhammad and the disappearance of the Twelfth Imam originates the concept of Ismah which adds to its importance. 2003:

as well as Baghdadi Mu'tazila ideas to form his theology while trying to adapt theological ideas with Twelve Imams' Hadith. While the Mu'tazila was dominant in Baghdad, he tries to distinguish Shia and Mu'tazila ideas and assert

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The beginner of this school, Ibn Idris al-Hilli (d. 1202), with his rationalistic tendency, detailed Shi'ite jurisprudence in his al-Sara'ir. Ibn Idris, with rejecting the validity of the isolate hadith, states rational faculty

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for Dissimulation regarding the teaching of the doctrines of the religion. As Shia has been a minority under the rule of regimes who were in hostility to their beliefs, they choose to be cautious to prevent their extinction.

3042:'s preservation of the infallible, first by endowing them with pure constitution then, following in order, by blessing them with great excellences, giving them firm will against opponents, sending tranquility down upon them ( 2423:)). Every supernatural action of the prophets is by God's permission as Quran points to it. Shirk in practice is to assume something as an end in itself, independent from God, but to assume it as a path to God (to Him-ness ( 3696:

Starting in the 19th century, with the Usooli movement (who now make up the overwhelming majority of Twelver Shia clergy) Shia considered it obligatory for Muslims without expertise in Islamic jurisprudence to turn to a

3038:. " When Ismah is attributed to human beings, the concept means "the ability of avoiding acts of disobedience, in spite of having the power to commit them, " As in Prophets and Imams, Ismah is a Divine grace realized by 4281:

explains that while the religious material is limited, what procedure should be taken if a problem arises. Here human reason comes in; God gave reason to human to discover His Will. If no answer was given by tradition

3396:(علي ولي الله "Ali is the vicegerent of God") at the end of the Shahādah. This testifies that ʻAlī is also the Leader of the Believers along with God and Muhammad, proof of which Shi'a theologians find in the Qur'an. 2748:, the angel of death. The cherubim (al-karrūbiyyūn) who just praise God. The angels of seven heavens and the Guardian angels, two of them are concerned with men. The Attendant angels, they bring blessings upon human. 3462:

one possesses the physical strength to undertake it. The fast is not obligatory for the sick, those travelling and breast-feeding mothers, but they must make up the lost days when possible. According to Tabataba'ei,

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In Islamic legal terminology, it means "one-fifth of certain items which a person acquires as wealth, and which must be paid as an Islamic tax". According to Shi'a, the items eligible for khums are referred to as

8723: 3122:. It was apparently first used by the Imamiyyah, perhaps during the beginning of the second century of the Islamic calendar in which they maintained that the Imam must be immune from sin (ma'sum). According to 3430:

During prayer, it is the Jaʻfarī view that it is preferable to prostrate on earth, leaves that are not edible or wood, as these three things are considered purest by Muhammad in hadith specifically mentioning

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According to the theology of Twelvers, the successor of Muhammad is an infallible human individual who not only rules over the community with justice, but also is able to keep and interpret the Sharia and its

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means to deny the existence of any sort of multiplicity and combination in the Essence itself. A differentiation between the essence and the attributes or between the attributes implies a limitation in being.

2900:

Shia believe that with the death of Muhammad, his religious and political authority were inherited to the Imams. Shia consider the Successor as the esoteric interpreter of the revelation and the Divine Law.

3683:'s laws. Twelver Shia Muslims believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate in dealing with any circumstance. They believe that they can interpret the 2707:"seal of the prophets", he adds. Al-Hilli states that "the Prophets are greater in merit than the angels, because the prophets have conflicts with rational power and they compel it to submit to reason. " 2274:

Ali is quoted as arguing that "unity of God" means that God has no like; is not subject to numeration; and is indivisible in neither reality nor imagination. On another occasion, he is quoted saying:

8007: 2396:, oneness in worship means rejecting all kinds of counterfeit worship (such as worship of carnal desires, money or prestige), and as Quran says, every act of obedience to an order is worship. 7466: 1824:

also share the concept of Imamate, this term is mostly used for the Twelvers who believe that the leadership of the community after Muhammad belongs to twelve subsequent successors including

3168:

By Shia theological doctrine, since the people have come from God, they will go back to God, and it is related to people's reaction to the prophecy. They argue that according to the Quran,

4090:(d. 1626–27) preached that the ijtihad was unnecessary as the instructions of the Imam were sufficient guidance for Muslims. Akhbaris rely only on the hadith of the prophet and the Imams. 3054:. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; therefore, they must be free from error and sin, and must be chosen by divine decree, or 3619:

Love of Muhammad is incumbent upon all Muslims and is the key for the love of God. To love God needs that God love the one and God does not love the one who does not love his messengers.

2946:, all the caliphs following Muhammad's death were illegitimate and that Muslims had no obligation to follow them. They hold that the only guidance that was left behind, as stated in the 2152:, as the founder of a new stage in Shia Jurisprudence, took a new practical method. He attacked the Akhbaris and their method was abandoned by Shia. The dominance of the Usuli over the 2942:, are believed to have been considered, even before their birth, as the only valid Islamic rulers appointed and decreed by God. Shia Muslims believe that with the exception of Ali and 6588: 3912:

By Shia, acting according to religion is incumbent on every one, but if the expression of a belief endanger one's life, honor and property, he can conceal his belief as the verse

3016:

Tawassul is an Arabic word originated from wa-sa-la- wasilat (Arabic: وسيلة-وسل). The wasilah is a means by which a person, goal or objective is approached, attained or achieved.

2732:, on the base of Quran and hadith, names them as the Bearers of the Throne, the Spirit, he governs all the affairs of the earth and heaven according to the principle of creation; 2728:. Izz al-Din Kashani discusses that the angels are different in degree and station. Some of them cling to the Threshold of Perfection, others manage the affairs of the creation. 3703:(an expert in Islamic jurisprudence) for "advice and guidance and as a model to be imitated" when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior, during the occultation of 1791:

who is considered by the Twelvers and Nizaris to be their sixth Imam who presented "a legal treatise". Ja'far al-Sadiq is also respected and referenced by the founders of the

1564:) of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the Muslim community to follow; as a result, Muhammad and the Imams must be free from error and sin, a doctrine known as 5858: 4259:. Since the last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, went into "occultation" in 941 and is not expected back until end times, this left Shi'a without religiously sanctioned governance. 3211:

points out, on the Day of Judgement, the ears, eyes and skin of disbelievers will testify against them saying "Allah has caused us to speak – He causes all things to speak."

2415:, the distinction of theoretical Tawhid from Shirk is recognition of the idea that every reality and being in its essence, attributes and action are from him (from Him-ness ( 2330:, i.e., the only one to be. As this Divine Essence is infinite, his qualities are the same as his essence. Essentially, there is one Reality, which is one and indivisible. 2044:) as the fourth source of law in deducing legal norms before Quran and hadith. But the real Usuli doctrinal movement began by al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (d. 1277) who brought up 2774:

two types of guardians protect the integrity of the revelation: an angel who protects the prophet against any kind of error, God who protects the angels and the prophets.

4546:

commemorates the martyrdom Fatima ibn Muhammad, the daughter of Muhammad on 3rd Jamdi ul Akhar. The shia believes that Fatima was killed by group led by second caliph of

2333:

According to Twelver theology, Tawhid consists of several aspects, including Tawhid of the Essence, the attributes, the creatorship, the lordship and oneness in worship.

2026:

Twelver Imams amongst other Shia imam with their early Imams are shown in the chart below. This also indicate twelvers amongst various other sects in the present world.

2023:

of the Jurisprudence under the influence of the Shafe'i and Mu'tazili doctrines. Al- Kulayni and al-Sadduq, in Qom and Ray, were concerned with traditionalist approach.

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in an increasingly stringent form until the doctrine came to exclude their commission of any sin or inadvertent error, either before or after they assumed office.

1950: 12271: 3536:

Khums is mandatory on seven assets: earned profits, net income (after paying all expenses), Zakat or alms is levied on crops, livestock, gold, silver and cash

2381:

Tawhid of Lordship means the governance of the world and that human beings only belong to God. This oneness of lordship has two aspects: creative governance (

2845:(spiritual guidance). The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to Muhammad, based on Twelver's belief. It is believed in Shi'a Islam that 7999: 4255:

and the subsequent eleven Imams not only religious guides but political leaders, based on a hadith where Muhammad passes on his power to command Muslims to

2373:

of the universe are not independent from God, just as the beings which are not independent in essence. There is no power except God, according to Motahari.

8161: 5135: 2487:

commit the action. Sadr al-Din Shirazi states that "God, may He be exalted, is far removed from doing any evil deeds and goes about His Kingdom at will."

1867:

traces back to the crisis of the succession to Muhammad. The followers of Ali fought with some of the Quraysh and some of the companions of Muhammad like

2076:

principles of the Usul, he introduced more legal and logical norms which extended the meaning of the Usul beyond the four principle sources of Shari'ah.

11879: 2125:, consequently, Iran once again became center of Imami jurisprudence. Suhrawardi tried to harmonize rational philosophy and intellectual intuition, but 4997: 3871:

or highest Marja' in the world of Shia Islam. According to Mohamad Bazzi, Al-Sistani's word "on religious matters carries the most weight" among Shia.

3320:(Struggle) – struggling to please God. The greater, internal Jihad is the struggle against the evil within one's soul in every aspect of life, called 6505: 2195:. He was sent into exile in Iraq, where he continued his opposition to the Iranian regime. He further ordered the opposition to the Shah and led the 7470: 8426: 7111: 4277:

The use of Ijtihad and Taqlid associates with a religious and judicial problem that its answer is not in the Quran and hadith. Regarding Ijtihad,

4487:). Many children (some of whom were direct descendants of Muhammad) died of thirst and exposure along the route. Arba'een occurs on the 20th of 1965:(d. 991), react to their theological ideas based on Twelve Imams' Hadiths. He tried to defend Imami ideas against Mu'tazili criticism regarding 3006:

early period of Shia history. The most popular destinations for Shi'a pilgrims include Najaf and Karbala in Iraq, Qum and Mashhad in Iran, and

10535: 4899: 12326: 4256: 1904: 8986: 2964:

and offspring. The latter, due to their infallibility, are considered to be able to lead the Muslim community with justice and equity.

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in Iran, propagated the Twelver faith, made Twelver's law the law of the land, and patronized Twelver scholarship. For this, Twelver

2326:, among, next to, or above other unities. For, if there were being other than he (i.e., creatural being), God would no longer be the 7492: 3443:, a small tablet of soil, often taken from the ground of a holy site, or wood during their daily prayers upon which they prostrate. 3189:, in response to those that ask "Who will restore us", answers: "He who brought you forth the first time. " In another place, verse 11256: 11003: 4977: 4216: 3637:

In addition to leading a virtuous life, a Muslim should enjoin all other Muslims to do the same and to avoid all vices prohibited.

3051: 2279:

difference between his person and his attributes, and his attributes should not be differentiated or distinguished from his person.

8935: 11047: 9108: 7539: 5181: 5024: 4201: 3655:

Generally, clergy in Twelver Shi'a have exerted much more authority in their religious community than the Sunni ulema in theirs.

2345:

states: Say, "He is Allah, One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent. "

4372: 10479: 2828:

points to it and the authority of the Imams who are blessed for the leadership of the community through Muhammad as the verses

2483:

humans' actions cannot be created by God, otherwise God would be a doer of evil actions. Predestination is rejected in Shiism.

4344: 12047: 10219: 9628: 9118: 9100: 8913: 8894: 8805: 8779: 8757: 8702: 8683: 8664: 8645: 8626: 8588: 8569: 8539: 8500: 8462: 8443: 8410: 8364: 8345: 8305: 8283: 8242: 8217: 8171: 8150: 8068: 7086: 6920: 6902: 6872: 6853: 6623: 6556:

Nakash, Yitzhak (1995). "The Visitation of the Shrines of the Imams and the Shi'i Mujtahids in the Early Twentieth Century".

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and Shīʻa Sharia results from a Shīʻa belief that Muhammad assigned ʻAlī to be the first ruler and the leader after him (the

7510: 11590: 10229: 3711:, it is obligatory for Shi'a to train themselves. Usooli Shia believe the 12th Imam, ordered them to follow the scholars ( 1547: 1405: 9573: 4351: 4325: 4112: 2225:), as well as in response to intellectual movements in the Muslim world and major events of the Twelver history, such as 250: 30:

This article is about the predominant sect of Shia Islam. For other denominations which believe in the Twelve Imams, see

10890: 8772:

The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shī'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence

3013:

According to Shi'is, the imams are revered because they had received inspiration and a degree of revelation from Allah.

2857:(also known as Hasnain) through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of 7564: 3324:. The lesser, or external, jihad is the struggle against the evil of one's environment in every aspect of life, called 2792: 809: 245: 3555:

The Sunni translate this word exclusively as "war booty" or "spoils of war". The Twelvers hold the view that the word

2213:

Twelver theology, which mainly consists of five principles, has formed over the course of history on the basis of the

8831: 8607: 8481: 8326: 8264: 8198: 7740: 7440: 7121: 6248: 5191: 5145: 5041: 4584: 4391: 4165: 3559:

has two meanings as mentioned above, the second meaning is illustrated by the common use of the Islamic banking term

2820:

Shia believe in the trilateral structure of authority; authority of God which is absolute and universal as the verse

11950: 8948: 4926: 11930: 8029: 6589:"The largest contemporary Muslim pilgrimage isn't the hajj to Mecca, it's the Shiite pilgrimage to Karbala in Iraq" 4358: 3007: 2953: 2596: 2283:

Traditional Twelvers strictly believe that God is different from his creation and that both are separate entities.

1012: 870: 190: 17: 10683: 10428: 8259:. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 12261: 12209: 11818: 10866: 10530: 9418: 9298: 6263: 4132: 2019:

By his debates and books, Al-Mufid, Sayyid-al Murtada and Shaykh al-Tusi in Iraq were the first to introduce the

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implies the superiority of the mankind. God revealed the Quran to Muhammad by Gabriel who was also his guide on

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purpose of spiritual resurrection is to observe those rewards and punishments which are special to the spirit.

2876:

The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible. It is an important aspect of Shia theology that they are not prophets (

4340: 4103:

istishab (continuity in the previous state) which are applied when other religious proofs are not applicable.

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is the birth date of the 12th and final imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi. It is celebrated by Twelvers on the 15th of

3715:) who: "...guard their soul, protect their religion, and follow the commandments of their master (Allah)..." 2703: 7258: 4077:(including Muhammad and his daughter Fatimah) and accepting the examples and verdicts of this special group. 3743:. Where a difference in opinion exists between the maraji', each of them provides their own opinion and the 727: 12524: 11559: 11040: 10712: 10558: 10508: 9949: 9393: 1206: 505: 12558: 4743:

Takroosta, Ali; Mohajeri, Parisa; Mohammadi, Taymour; Shakeri, Abbas; Ghasemi, AbdoulRasoul (2019-12-01).

4234:

and earlier scholars, (if properly understood), but had been deliberately suppressed by enemies of Islam.

3176:

points to the precision of the scales of justice by which the deeds and intentions of people are weighed.

3087:

believe that the Fourteen Infallibles are superior to the rest of creation, as well as to the other major

1736:, share belief in the Twelve Imams with Twelvers, but their theological doctrines are markedly different. 12192: 11077: 10941: 10289: 9603: 9113: 9090: 9085: 8995: 4522: 4087: 3447:

after the other during the parts of the day where they believe the timings for these prayers to overlap.

1682: 1022: 890: 885: 661: 195: 9651: 3773:. However, there are other smaller hawzas in many other cities around the world, the biggest ones being 671: 11596: 11191: 11177: 10916: 10661: 10435: 9917: 9548: 9508: 9243: 9160: 9014: 8943: 8815: 4647: 2842: 2796: 2192: 1686: 1225: 1027: 696: 4810: 3193:, it is like the revival of the earth in the season of the spring after the winter. He adds the verse 2369:

According to some Twelvers, Tawhid of Creatorship means that there is no creator but God, that is the

12583: 12568: 12514: 11143: 10861: 10512: 10274: 9498: 9403: 9378: 9228: 8972: 6649:"Sayyida Zaynab in the State of Exception: Shiʿi Sainthood as "Qualified Life" in Contemporary Syria" 4536:

celebrates a meeting between the Ahl al-Bayt (household of Muhammad) and a Christian deputation from

1126: 895: 637: 12426: 7396: 12529: 12519: 12509: 11274: 10794: 10408: 10027: 9598: 9528: 4952: 4074: 4016: 4006: 3277: 3245: 2149: 1829: 1678: 1398: 1353: 945: 880: 731: 562: 279: 220: 65: 5740:

Al-Kafi, by Al-Kullainy, the book of God's oneness, 'Who is worshipped' chapter, volume. 01 p. 87.

5031:

International Crisis Group. The Shiite Question in Saudi Arabia, Middle East Report No. 45, 19 Sep

4575:

are the supreme legal authority for Twelvers. Some of the historical and notable scholars include

12417: 12381: 10401: 10359: 10214: 9829: 9618: 9523: 9353: 9308: 9174: 4318: 4268: 4247:

to you and I am the Proof of God (Hujjatullah) to you all. " Ja'afar al-Sadiq, pointing to verse

4230:

Khomeini and his supporters taught that rather than being new, his theory was supported by Shi'i

3943: 3841: 3801: 3632: 3628: 3385: 3345: 3339: 2938:, his cousin and son-in-law, as his successor. For the Twelvers, Ali and his eleven descendants, 2620: 2065: 1323: 691: 322: 317: 3687:

and the Twelver Shi'a traditions with the same authority as their predecessors. This process of

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is based on the belief that twelve male descendants from the family of Muhammad, starting with

1516: 1487: 1288: 902: 875: 802: 357: 8140: 6395: 3981:

topic; Sunnis and Shi'a hold diametrically opposed views on its permissibility. However, some

1953:(d. 923–924), fuzed Mu'tazili theology with Imami system of thought. On the other hand, Imami 1886:

was teacher of law for 20 years and a reporter of hadith. He also introduced the principle of

932: 12593: 12322: 11976: 11148: 11065: 10811: 10781: 10338: 10234: 9781: 9608: 9358: 9268: 8939: 6527: 6449: 6422: 4652: 4252: 3860: 3829: 3817: 3118:

claims that neither the term nor the concept of Ismah is in the Qur'an or in canonical Sunni

3107: 2931: 2724:. The angels record the deeds of men. They follow the commands of God and do not precede him 2680: 1895: 1868: 1842: 1470: 1116: 1017: 1007: 1000: 977: 12017: 8186: 3384:

agree that a single honest recitation of the shahādah in Arabic is all that is required for

1111: 12563: 11763: 11170: 11028: 10953: 10798: 10613: 10461: 10366: 10345: 10204: 10159: 10144: 9693: 9543: 9533: 9518: 9338: 9303: 9293: 9288: 9263: 7728: 4642: 4600: 4446: 3571:(وَالْغَنيمَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ بِر ) this is in accordance with the second meaning of the word. 3378: 3336:"struggle of the pen") and speaking truth in front of an oppressor are also forms of jihād. 3126:, the concept Ismah is encountered as early as the first half of the second century of the 2930:

or election. They claim that before his death, Muhammad had given many indications, in the

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Tawhid of the essence of God means his essence is one and peerless. Regarding this, Quran

8: 12435: 12202: 11997: 11768: 11499: 11376: 11015: 10315: 10241: 9583: 9233: 9047: 8767: 8234: 7665: 7496: 4291: 4066:(who are considered by Sunnīs to be the first three Caliphs) -- are not accepted by Shia. 3813: 3420: 2882: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2656: 2524: 2287: 1872: 1580: 1474: 1391: 1338: 1318: 1255: 927: 907: 828: 240: 200: 45: 8000:"EID AL-ADHA 2019: WHEN IS IT, HOW IS IT CELEBRATED AND HOW TO WISH SOMEONE A HAPPY EID" 4086:

Akhbari reject the function of the Mujtahid, comparing to the authority of Imam. Mullah

2448:

Twelvers believe that God grants every existent what is appropriate for it as the verse

2294:

in being, name, attributes, actions, and theophanies. The totality of being, therefore,

12366: 11244: 11200: 10758: 10645: 10419: 10380: 10294: 10129: 10092: 9976: 9851: 9623: 9408: 9283: 9258: 9080: 9067: 8420: 8399: 8385: 6711: 6676: 6569: 6340: 5325: 4947: 4904: 4627: 4592: 4588: 4547: 4190: 3874:

However, in 1994, the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) declared it was the

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At last oneness in worship, i.e., God alone is deserved to be worshipped. According to

2267:

and, among Muslims, his sermons contain the first philosophical proofs of God's unity (

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implies, authority of Muhammad which is legitimized by the grace of God as the verse

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Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran

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states: Our Lord is He Who gave unto everything its nature, then guided it aright.

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Authority in Islam: from the rise of Muhammad to the establishment of the Umayyads

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Understanding Shiite Leadership: The Art of the Middle Ground in Iran and Lebanon

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Al-Fusool Al-Muhimahh Fi Usool Al-Aimahh, by Al-Hur Al-Amilli, volume. 01 p. 255.

5028: 4715: 4698: 4657: 4179: 3947: 3930: 3463: 3157: 3147: 2753: 2736:, he places the spirits in the bodies and will blow the trumpet on the Last Day. 2608: 2548: 2512: 2424: 2416: 2230: 2110: 2106: 2061: 1691: 1592: 1571: 1551: 1520: 1505: 1478: 1462: 1442: 1422: 1298: 1143: 1052: 681: 571: 150: 12039: 3207:

their left hand who are the people of Hell and their face is dark. As the verse

1705: 1585:'protection') or infallibility, and must be chosen by divine decree, or 1065: 12452: 12371: 12237: 12214: 12197: 12043: 11968: 11892: 11413: 11319: 10928: 10883: 10878: 10729: 10698: 10603: 10486: 10324: 10077: 10010: 10003: 9993: 9841: 9578: 9439: 9368: 9343: 9203: 9136: 9052: 8455:

The Sacred Foundations of Justice in Islam: The Teachings of ʻAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib

8436:

Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age

8054: 7565:"The Sistani Factor How a struggle within Shiism will shape the future of Iraq" 7234: 6694:

Julian, Millie (2008). "Supplicating, Naming, offering:Tawassul in West Java".

5001: 4998:"Ahmadinejad on way, NSA says India to be impacted if Iran 'wronged by others'" 4563: 4514: 3885:

According to Mohamad Bazzi, this was a bid "to displace" Ali Sistani, the true

3864: 3833: 3789: 2858: 2810: 2806: 2490:

The view that God creates humans' actions is rejected by traditional Twelvers.

2222: 1985: 1671: 1363: 1265: 1201: 1133: 666: 627: 525: 185: 110: 12412: 12219: 11406: 8257:

History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard

6707: 6664: 4863:(Second ed.). Washington D.C.: National Geographic. 2008. pp. 80–81. 4143: 3693:

has provided a means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective.

1530:, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the 1457:

refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as

12552: 12376: 12306: 12286: 12248: 11867: 11852: 11616:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

11423: 11348: 11158: 11119: 11106: 11081: 10987: 10776: 10748: 10625: 10579: 10497: 10196: 10097: 10082: 10072: 9907: 9869: 9846: 9808: 9719: 9449: 9443: 9433: 9421: 8850: 8553: 8522: 8293: 6672: 6633: 6351: 6347: 4768: 4744: 4622: 4526: 4450: 4434: 3982: 3388:

according to most traditional schools. A vast majority of Twelvers often add

3329: 3035: 2943: 2917: 2862: 2405: 2069: 1930: 1821: 1817: 1260: 1121: 1106: 632: 597: 500: 130: 115: 105: 12338: 8493:

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: the History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism

8131: 7079:

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism

6267: 4760: 2366:

Al-Hur Al-Amilly states that God created everything except humans' actions.

2161:

School led to the enhancement of the authority of the legal scholars in the

2113:) were appointed for all major cities. Karaki established a great seminary ( 12404: 12333: 12121:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

12061: 12034: 12025: 11925: 11402: 11218: 11153: 10846: 10743: 10734: 10640: 10394: 10062: 9981: 9912: 9776: 9273: 9213: 9188: 9169: 8823: 8549: 8252: 8119: 6523: 4050:

This means some traditions accepted by Sunni—the "examples", verdicts, and

3986: 3879: 3805: 3424: 3135: 3072: 3068: 3056: 3039: 2256: 2098: 2020: 2000: 1962: 1946: 1938: 1712:

laws, and in considering both esoteric and exoteric aspects of the Qur'an.

1635: 1587: 1308: 1138: 1037: 602: 535: 515: 91: 12071: 11564: 11184: 6613: 5859:"مناظرة الإمام الكاظم(ع) مع أبي حنيفة في أن المعصية من فعل العبد – الشیعة" 3258:(Prayer) – meaning "connection", establish the five daily prayers, called 3194: 3186: 2982: 2342: 1431: 12386: 12108: 12076: 12021: 11887: 11585: 11550: 11532: 11324: 11061: 10991: 10671: 10570: 10139: 10112: 10102: 10039: 9944: 9934: 9929: 9761: 9744: 9568: 9483: 9323: 9198: 4973: 4596: 4576: 4533: 4518: 4508: 4504: 4501:, which coincides with the birth date of the sixth imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq. 4472: 4426: 4408: 3749:(their followers) will follow their own marja's opinion on that subject. 3646: 3355: 3241: 3190: 3123: 3115: 3099: 2961: 2922: 2813: 2572: 1792: 1631: 1238: 1153: 1148: 1099: 1032: 987: 972: 967: 957: 922: 647: 510: 145: 135: 8389: 8210:

The history of Islamic political thought from the prophet to the present

6280: 4441:

The following holidays are observed by Twelvers unless otherwise noted:

2084:

Amili was the first who fully formulated the principles of the Ijtihad.

12030: 11827: 11608: 11554: 11452: 11390: 11341: 11307: 11260: 11181: 11114: 11101: 11019: 10995: 10924: 10829: 10771: 10693: 10596: 9969: 9733: 9729: 9563: 9488: 9464: 9429: 9383: 9318: 9278: 9253: 9208: 9193: 9183: 7679: 6573: 4667: 4278: 3676: 3232:

their father promised to them that he will do it at the promised time.

2816:. Depicts the phrase 'Ali is the vicegerent of God' in both directions. 1639: 1615: 1515:

Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political

1293: 836: 49: 9814:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

9673:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

8142:

The Divine Guide in Early Shi'ism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam

7422: 4106: 3622: 2168: 1941:

theologians. Their ideas about attribute and justice of God and human

12290: 12278: 12256: 12187: 12100:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

12091: 11992: 11937: 11862: 11516: 11511: 11437: 11381: 11127: 10982: 10975: 10851: 10762: 10676: 10656: 10501: 10442: 9954: 9922: 9877:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

9765: 9643: 9558: 9553: 9363: 9328: 9223: 9218: 8798:

The Doctrines of Shi'ism: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices

8557: 4672: 4572: 4543: 4525:

before a multitude of Muslims. Eid al-Ghadeer is held on the 18th of

4262: 4194: 4024: 3731: 3684: 3650: 3504: 3111: 3034:

In Shia theology Ismah means "impeccability", "immunity to sin" and "

2905: 2541: 2408:. It is a belief that the world has more than one principle or pole. 2370: 2126: 1992: 1954: 1942: 1328: 1213: 1087: 845: 722: 582: 567: 495: 464: 417: 407: 12281: 6565: 4307: 3544:(الْغَنيمَة) in the Quran. The Arabic word Ghanima has two meanings 2052:(analogy) to jurisprudence. Ijtihad brought dynamism into Shia law. 12475: 12442: 12297: 12182: 12174: 11963: 11368: 11299: 11222: 11205: 11036: 11023: 10856: 10802: 10584: 10032: 9823: 9656: 9248: 8964: 8930: 8090: 7270:

The Keys to Paradise, chapter 1, section 2 title "special prayers"

6739: 6737: 6510:

The Sun at Midnight: The Revealed Mysteries of the Ahlul Bayt Sufis

4617: 4480: 4055: 3963: 3720: 3699: 3517:

the legitimate wealth which is mixed with some illegitimate wealth.

3433: 3153: 3103: 3064: 2977: 2637: 2625: 2601: 2322:). The divine unitude does not have the meaning of an arithmetical 1725: 1667: 1627: 1523: 1218: 1191: 1177: 917: 736: 520: 484: 362: 235: 35: 4745:"An Analysis of Oil Prices Considering the Political Risk of OPEC" 4497:, Muhammad's birth date, is celebrated by the Shia on the 17th of 4200:

and his supporters established a new theory of governance for the

2801: 12480: 12460: 12421: 12266: 12113:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

12057: 12009: 11856: 11846: 11571: 11520: 11474: 11312: 11209: 11110: 11089: 10968: 10963: 10838: 10789: 10717: 10666: 10387: 10266: 9939: 9753: 9685: 9075: 8405:(2. printing ed.). Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers. 6292: 4742: 4662: 4476: 4462: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4287: 4283: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3734: 3689: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3660: 3614: 3610: 3374: 3361: 3351: 3130:. The Shia scholars of the fourth and the fifth centuries of the 2990: 2973: 2846: 2733: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2613: 2565: 2153: 2143: 2139: 2122: 2045: 2041: 2005: 1970: 1934: 1887: 1780: 1745: 1733: 1721: 1713: 1677:

Twelvers share many tenets with other Shīʿīte sects, such as the

1659: 1619: 1611: 1094: 1082: 1077: 741: 713: 607: 592: 530: 490: 459: 452: 447: 412: 402: 397: 332: 327: 255: 31: 8959: 6734: 6397:

Affect, Emotion, and Subjectivity in Early Modern Muslim Empires

4215:

accept this theory, it is uniquely Twelver and the basis of the

3679:

is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of

1538:) with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret the 12485: 12465: 12346: 12310: 11494: 11397: 11334: 11213: 11056: 11010: 10490: 9799:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

9757: 9704: 9128: 9039: 4537: 4494: 4466: 4454: 4231: 4044: 4028: 4020: 3973: 3907: 3770: 3745: 3739: 3726: 3712: 3656: 3439: 3119: 2948: 2745: 2577: 2529: 2268: 2250: 2218: 2118: 1891: 1799: 1795: 1717: 1643: 1602:

Globally, there are about 200 to 300 million Twelvers: most of

1560: 1539: 1343: 1283: 1186: 1167: 962: 952: 860: 387: 260: 180: 9664:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

8453:

Lakhani, M. Ali; Shah Kazemi, Reza; Lewisohn, Leonard (2006).

7594:"MARJA˓ AL-TAQLID. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World" 4094:

judgement. Usuli implies the doctrine of Usul which means the

3882:

who was "the single marja˓ al-taqlid" or "undisputed marja˓".

3185:

describes that Resurrection is both of body and spirit. Quran

2029: 1376: 780: 12470: 11506: 11131: 10932: 10920: 9722: 9697: 9668: 9057: 4929:. Daily News and Analysis, www. dnaindia.com. 5 November 2006 4488: 4484: 4272: 4224: 4183: 4032: 3967: 3939: 3890: 3793: 3766: 3758: 3595: 3494: 3483: 3479: 3409: 3405: 3317: 3311: 3301: 3287: 3255: 3080: 3076: 3029: 2957: 2927: 2869:, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and 2838: 2589: 2553: 2517: 2264: 2214: 2162: 2158: 2114: 2049: 1996: 1729: 1655: 1623: 1566: 1531: 1500: 1196: 1172: 577: 392: 382: 312: 307: 302: 287: 265: 225: 6842: 6764: 3913: 3169: 2142:

era (1736), the Usuli School of thought was attacked by the

12164:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

9708: 9703:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

9633: 8640:(New rev. ed.). Chicago, IL: ABC International Group. 8515:

Fundamentals of Islamic thought: God, man, and the universe

8397:

Halm, Heinz; translated from the German by Allison (1997).

8357:

The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak

5137:

Islamic Law: The Sharia from Muhammad's Time to the Present

4550: 4430: 4059: 3994: 3663: 3580: 3456: 3413: 3391: 3364:– dissociating oneself from the enemies of the Ahlu l-Bayt. 3307: 3273: 3267: 3228: 3220: 3208: 3173: 3084: 2994: 2913: 2850: 2825: 2771: 2766: 2725: 2449: 2102: 2009: 1663: 1647: 1607: 1603: 1450: 297: 12124:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

8452: 8374:

Faruki, Kemal (1965). "Tawhid and the doctrine of Ismah".

5938:

Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 27.

5629:

Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 26.

5617: 5584:

Our way in intellectual debates, by Jafaar Seedaan, p. 10.

4461:. Imam Husayn was grandson of Muhammad, who was killed by 4248: 3224: 2829: 2821: 2717: 2471: 2290:, a prominent Shia mystic and philosopher, defines God as 10067: 4469:, but do not engage in the spectacle displayed by Shi'as. 3851: 3797: 3762: 3680: 2935: 2833: 2685: 2174: 2016:

the needs of the community and preserved the principles.

1958: 1825: 1755: 1651: 422: 9809:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

7680:"I do... for now. UK Muslims revive temporary marriages" 6879: 3707:, (for the past 1000+ years). On "matters of belief" or 1762:, are Imams who have religious and political authority. 1670:. Iran is the only country where Twelver Shi'ism is the 3977:(prohibited) by Sunnis. This is a highly controversial 7558: 7556: 3563:

meaning "gains accompany liability for loss or risk".

9861:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

9824:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

7376: 6722: 5119:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabataba'ei1975 (

5069:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabatabae'i1975 (

4453:(عاشوراء) for Shia commemorate Imam Husayn ibn Ali's 12096:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

9694:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

8532:

Vision of Islam: reflecting on the Hadith of Gabriel

8189:

Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran

7423:"IDJTIHAD AND TAQLID IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY ISLAM" 7388: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 4039:

or steward). This difference resulted in the Shīʻa:

3769:

are the preeminent centers for the training of Shia

3730:. The mujtahid they follow or emulate is known as a 2752:

who question the dead in the grave. The journeyers,

2455: 2263:, the first Shia Imam is credited with establishing 1492: 7553: 6241:

Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol. 1

5022:

http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/shiitequestion.pdf

4836:"World Population Clock: 7.9 Billion People (2022)" 4540:. Al-Mubahila is held on the 24th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 4332:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4208:(guardian jurist) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 4107:

Governance and the Guardianship of the jurisprudent

3623:

Commanding what is just and Forbidding what is evil

3219:Belief to the Intercession derives from the Quran, 3046:), and preserving their hearts and minds from sin. 2169:

Qom school, Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republic

1976:The three prominent figures of Baghdad school were 12140:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 12088:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 9802:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 8398: 8118: 6770: 6743: 6339: 5347: 5345: 4433:or pilgrimage to Mecca, starts on the 10th day of 4404:Twelvers celebrate the following annual holidays: 4263:Ijtihad and Taqlid (accepting a scholar's verdict) 3737:. Those who imitate/emulate/obey him are known as 3510:The items which are eligible for khums are seven: 11628:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 8619:Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present 8300:. New Brunswick, U.S.A.: Transaction Publishers. 6860: 5381: 3529:the land which a dhimmi kafir buys from a Muslim. 3368: 12550: 10557: 9791:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 8949:A Short History of the Lives of The Twelve Imams 8936:A Brief History Of The Lives Of The Twelve Imams 8657:Expectation of the Millennium Shiʻism in History 6615:Iran : from religious dispute to revolution 5924:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNasrLeaman1996 ( 5443: 5441: 5134:Kahlmeyer, André; Janin, Hunt (9 January 2015). 3792:living worldwide as of 2023, mostly residing in 3523:the precious stones obtained from sea by diving. 3152:According to Twelvers, the conditions under the 2461:true nature and form, and thereupon guides it . 11955:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 9805:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 8875: 8866: 8857: 8840: 8814: 8654: 8600:The heart of Islam enduring values for humanity 8548: 7985: 7973: 7961: 7755: 7703: 7653: 7641: 7322: 7310: 7175: 7148: 6957: 6758: 6454:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 57. 6163: 6127: 6115: 6103: 6091: 6079: 6043: 6031: 5971: 5959: 5947: 5845: 5833: 5806: 5650: 5638: 5605: 5572: 5507: 5447: 5396: 5375: 5342: 5296: 5229: 5114: 5064: 4511:. Many Shia fast on this day to show gratitude. 4047:from Muħammad and his descendants the 12 Imāms. 2477: 2221:from Muhammad and the Twelve Imams (especially 2191:called for the abolition of the western-backed 8659:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 8529: 7142: 7081:. 1987. pp. 176 – 181. Yale University Press. 6933: 6871:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMadelung1998 ( 6693: 6522: 5884:"في أنّ أفعال العباد، ليست مخلوقة للّه سبحانه" 5258:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPakatchi1988 ( 5133: 4219:, the largest Shi'a Muslim country, where the 3134:defined the infallibility of Muḥammad and the 2133: 1453:, comprising about 90% of all Shīas. The term 10536:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 9886:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 8980: 8579:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Leaman, Oliver (2001). 8534:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Paragon House. 8163:Ahl Al-Bayt The Celestial Beings on the Earth 7678:Mahmood, Shabnam; Nye, Catrin (13 May 2013). 7493:"تکليف،تقليد و انتخاب مرجع تقليد براي بانوان" 7294: 7292: 6481:Religious Schools and Sects in Medieval Islam 6188: 6186: 6184: 5438: 5421: 5419: 5417: 4873: 3993:Muhammad until the time of Umar as the verse 3924: 3757:Several senior Grand Ayatollahs preside over 3423:in preparation for prayer (which consists of 3276:(Fasting) – fasting during the holy month of 2889: 2886:), but instead carry out Muhammad's message. 1856: 1399: 803: 8956:An article by Encyclopædia Britannica online 8876:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1986). 8867:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1982). 8858:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1984). 8841:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn (1983). 8562:Shiʻism doctrines, thought, and spirituality 8425:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6653:International Journal of Middle East Studies 6308:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMartin2003 ( 6268:THE Sunni Ulema's Condemnation of Abu Hanifa 5430:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMartin2003 ( 4804: 4802: 4081: 3310:(Pilgrimage) – performing the pilgrimage to 1816:is a reference to the Twelver belief in the 1765:The Twelvers are also known by other names: 11634:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 8530:Murata, Sachiko; Chittick, William (1994). 8138: 6919:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJasim1982 ( 6901:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAlgar1990 ( 6852:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAlgar1990 ( 6754: 6752: 6420: 6328: 5408: 5165:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMomen2015 ( 2348: 2030:Jurisprudencial and theological development 1919: 11655:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 9007: 8987: 8973: 8578: 7677: 7587: 7585: 7414: 7289: 7113:Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World 6618:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 6532:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37. 6234: 6232: 6181: 5919: 5459: 5414: 4974:"Imperialism and Divide & Rule Policy" 4146:. Please do not remove this message until 3901: 3163: 3063:According to Twelvers the Islamic prophet 1406: 1392: 810: 796: 8766: 8719:Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopedia 8676:Islam religion, history, and civilization 8354: 8212:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 8159: 8091:Muslim Information Service of Australia. 8030:"The Significance of Hari Raya Aidiladha" 7159: 7157: 6885: 6836: 6824: 5179: 4799: 4392:Learn how and when to remove this message 4166:Learn how and when to remove this message 3235: 2841:(infallibility), ilm (divine knowledge), 11257:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 9796:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 8711: 8509: 8401:Shi'a Islam: from religion to revolution 8184: 7805: 6866: 6749: 6474: 6334: 5729: 5618:Lakhani, Shah Kazemi & Lewisohn 2006 5542: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5253: 4749:Journal of Research in Economic Modeling 4142:Relevant discussion may be found on the 3859:In the early 1990s, the leading marja', 3514:the profit or the surplus of the income. 3160:to hide the birth of his son, al-Mahdi. 2981: 2800: 2464: 2411:According to the mystic and philosopher 2361: 2336: 2079: 1469:), and their belief that the last Imam, 11480:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 8788: 8695:Islamic spirituality : foundations 8433: 8335: 8314: 8292: 8278:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. 8273: 7731:(translated by Aftab Shahryar) (2004). 7715: 7629: 7617: 7582: 7459: 7098: 7053: 7041: 6993: 6981: 6945: 6800: 6728: 6687: 6611: 6378: 6229: 6151: 6139: 6067: 6055: 5821: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5710: 5674: 5662: 5560: 5536: 5351: 5319: 5317: 5308: 5284: 5272: 5241: 5206: 4809:Sawe, Benjamin Elisha (25 April 2017). 4073:"infallibility" to the Twelve Imāms or 4000: 3958:literally, "marriage of pleasure"), or 3201: 2967: 2740:, who took the revelation to Muhammad. 2202: 1787:. The term is derived from the name of 14: 12551: 10837: 10480:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 8678:. Pymble, NSW: HarperCollins e-books. 8471: 8373: 8251: 8047: 7467:"The Importance of Ijtihad and Taqlid" 7199: 7154: 7029: 7017: 7005: 6969: 6812: 6646: 6586: 6555: 6551: 6549: 6504: 6447: 6303: 6238: 5910:, by Sayyid Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi, p. 14. 5686: 5425: 5100:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNasr ( 4927:"Talaq rights proposed for Shia women" 4568:List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam 3761:(religious seminaries). The hawzas of 3604: 2443: 12048:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 10556: 9629:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 9006: 8968: 8903: 8889:. London: Islamic Centre of England. 8884: 8747: 8738: 8490: 8226: 8207: 8093:"Eid al – Adha Festival of Sacrifice" 8053: 7937: 7925: 7913: 7901: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7853: 7841: 7829: 7817: 7793: 7562: 7511:"List of Maraji (Updated) as of 2017" 7382: 7370: 7223: 7211: 6915: 6897: 6848: 6393: 6342:Atlas of the Islamic World Since 1500 6175: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5698: 5548: 5525: 5495: 5363: 5160: 5127: 5083: 4900:"Shia women too can initiate divorce" 4793: 4781: 4638:List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam 3179: 2786: 2376: 1903:had an important role in forming the 8994: 8931:A brief introduction of Twelve Imams 8750:Islam: Faith, Practice & History 8692: 8673: 8635: 8616: 8597: 8495:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 8396: 7949: 7358: 7346: 7334: 7298: 7283: 7187: 7163: 7136: 7065: 6322: 6019: 6007: 5995: 5983: 5817: 5815: 5794: 5593: 5519: 5483: 5471: 5323: 5314: 5217: 4876:"Six Charts that Explain Shia Islam" 4808: 4411:(عيد الفطر), which marks the end of 4330:adding citations to reliable sources 4301: 4116: 3800:. The most prominent among them are 3640: 2092: 11268:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 8878:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān 8869:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān 8860:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān 8843:Al-Mīzān: an exegesis of the Qurʼān 8816:Tabataba'ei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 8010:from the original on 11 August 2019 7666:Mut'ah from Encyclopædia Britannica 7433: 6546: 6291:S. V. Mir Ali/Ayatollah Mahdi Puya 5186:. Infobase Publishing. p. 64. 4719: 4702: 4557: 4113:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists 3951: 3718:Obedience to, or "imitation" of, a 3467: 2920:and sinless and must come from the 2428: 2420: 2314:next to or above other beings; God 2231:the occultation of the twelfth Imam 2034: 1991:Al-Mufid was a Twelver theologian, 1704:), in rejecting the possibility of 1695: 1596: 1575: 1555: 1509: 1482: 1466: 1446: 1426: 24: 8139:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (1994). 7591: 7485: 6696:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6587:Szanto, Edith (9 September 2020). 6484:. Variorum Reprints. p. 414. 6239:Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate". 5716: 3473: 3141: 2934:in particular, that he considered 2912:, a principle by which rulers are 2693: 2318:Being; the absolute act of Being ( 2087: 2066:the invasion of Mongols to Baghdad 1783:which is followed by Twelvers and 25: 12605: 11640:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 8924: 8768:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 7563:Bazzi, Mohamad (12 August 2014). 7420: 7259:Challenges Facing Islamic Banking 7247:Glossary of Islamic Banking Terms 6293:Commentary of Quran Verse 2: 124. 5812: 5046:United States Department of State 3304:("Fifth" of one's savings) – tax. 3079:under the theological concept of 2499:Holiest sites in Twelver Shi'ism 2456:Justice in Religious Dispensation 2434: 1924: 11658:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 9880:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 9752:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 9430:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 8726:from the original on 5 July 2022 8084: 8022: 7997: 7991: 7979: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7931: 7919: 7907: 7895: 7883: 7871: 7859: 7847: 7835: 7823: 7811: 7799: 7787: 7774: 7761: 7749: 7721: 7709: 7697: 7671: 7659: 7647: 7635: 7623: 7611: 7528: 7503: 7364: 7352: 7340: 7328: 7316: 7304: 7277: 7264: 7252: 7240: 7228: 7217: 7205: 7193: 7181: 7169: 7130: 7104: 7092: 7071: 7059: 7047: 7035: 7023: 7011: 6999: 6987: 6975: 6963: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6909: 6891: 6830: 6818: 6806: 6794: 6785: 6776: 6640: 6605: 6580: 6516: 6498: 6468: 6441: 6414: 6387: 6381:Leadership by Divine Appointment 6372: 6316: 6297: 6285: 6273: 6257: 6220: 6211: 5180:Wynbrandt, James (14 May 2014). 5095: 4306: 4121: 3752: 3098:claims that the purification of 2926:regardless of majority opinion, 2865:. The twelfth and final Imam is 1375: 844: 779: 12210:United Submitters International 11489:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 10867:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 10220:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 8908:. University of Georgia Press. 8748:Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad (2004). 8739:Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad (1992). 8126:. Fyzee (3rd ed.). WOFIS. 7542:from the original on 2018-08-19 7536:"Another list of Maraji (2017)" 7469:. Shah e Mardan. Archived from 6612:Fischer, Michael M. J. (2003). 6427:. Nova Publishers. p. 17. 6169: 6157: 6145: 6133: 6121: 6109: 6097: 6085: 6073: 6061: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6013: 6001: 5989: 5977: 5965: 5953: 5941: 5932: 5913: 5901: 5876: 5851: 5839: 5827: 5800: 5788: 5776: 5764: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5704: 5692: 5680: 5668: 5656: 5644: 5632: 5623: 5611: 5599: 5587: 5578: 5566: 5554: 5513: 5501: 5489: 5477: 5465: 5453: 5402: 5369: 5357: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5211: 5200: 5183:A Brief History of Saudi Arabia 5173: 5154: 5108: 5089: 5077: 5058: 5034: 5015: 4990: 4966: 4940: 4708: 4691: 4449:or Remembrance of Muharram and 4317:needs additional citations for 4069:Attributing the concept of the 3507:as the representative of Imam. 3214: 2793:Imamah (Shi'a Twelver doctrine) 2474:refers to getting back to God. 2244: 12504:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 11517:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 10230:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 10225:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 9883:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 9504:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 8774:. Oxford University Press US. 8472:Leaman, Oliver (2006). "Aya". 7782:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam 6421:Malbouisson, Cofie D. (2007). 6198:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 4919: 4892: 4867: 4853: 4828: 4787: 4775: 4736: 4633:List of Shia Islamic dynasties 4585:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 4419:and falls on the first day of 3896: 3548:"spoils of war" or "war booty" 3493:purification of one's wealth. 3369:Shahada (declaration of faith) 1878: 1851: 1739: 1548:esoteric meaning of the Qur'an 478:Other related sects and groups 13: 1: 11931:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 10257:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 8693:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2008). 8674:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007). 8638:Ideals and realities of Islam 8636:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2000). 8617:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2006). 8602:. Pymble, NSW: PerfectBound. 8598:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2002). 8581:History of Islamic Philosophy 8355:Donaldson, Dwight M. (1933). 7986:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 7974:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 7962:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 7756:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 7704:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 7654:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 7642:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 7441:"Taqlid: Meaning and Reality" 7323:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 7311:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 7235:Surah 8. Spoils Of War, Booty 7149:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6958:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6759:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 6451:Islamic Beliefs and Practices 6281:Shi'ism: Imamate and Wilayat. 6164:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6128:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6104:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6044:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 6032:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5972:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5960:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5948:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5846:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5834:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5651:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5639:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5606:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5573:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5508:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 5448:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5397:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 5376:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1988 5297:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 5230:Nasr, Dabashi & Nasr 1989 4679: 4521:, the occasion when Muhammad 4429:, which marks the end of the 2759: 2493: 2385:), and religious governance ( 1910: 11619:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 11560:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 11541:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 10559:Islamic schools and branches 9394:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 9299:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 8655:Nasr; Dabashi; Nasr (1989). 8274:Cornell, Vincent J. (2007). 8185:Arjomand, Said Amir (1988). 7771:Norton, (2006), pp. 74 – 75. 7116:. Marshall Cavendish. 2011. 4811:"Shia Islam's Holiest Sites" 4729: 4178:The first Shi'a regime, the 3921:comprehending, the truth. " 2478:Predestination and Free Will 1861: 1449:), is the largest branch of 1207:Bektashism and folk religion 767:Criticism of Twelver Shi'ism 506:Bektashism and folk religion 7: 11551:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 10247:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 9604:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 9539:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 8714:"Ja'far al-Sadiq (a), Imam" 8476:. New York, NY: Routledge. 8474:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 8193:. Oxford University Press. 8160:Ansariyan, Hussein (2007). 6226:Corbin (1993), pp. 45 – 51. 4658:Persecution of Shia Muslims 4610: 4297: 4189:This changed with the 1979 4148:conditions to do so are met 4088:Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi 3386:a person to become a Muslim 3094:From historical viewpoint, 2134:Akhbari-Usuli controversies 1945:affected Shia theologians. 1890:. Al-Baqir narrated many a 1820:of the Imāms. Although the 1493: 1467:ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر 1432: 10: 12610: 12307:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 11747:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 11500:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 11178:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 10662:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 9918:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 9549:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 9509:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 9334:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 8944:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei 8904:Weiss, Bernard G. (2006). 8826:(translator). SUNY press. 8752:. Ansariyan Publications. 8321:. Transaction Publishers. 8166:. Ansariyan Publications. 8111: 6934:Murata & Chittick 1994 6647:Szanto, Edith (May 2012). 6379:Sheriff, Ahmed H. (1991). 6264:Shirazi, Sultanu'l-Wa'izin 4648:List of Shia Muslims flags 4561: 4266: 4110: 4098:of the Jurisprudence, and 4004: 3928: 3925:Mut'ah: Temporary marriage 3905: 3672:believe that the study of 3644: 3626: 3608: 3593: 3578: 3477: 3454: 3450: 3403: 3372: 3239: 3145: 3027: 2971: 2908:, Shi'ites believe in the 2893: 2890:The Succession to Muhammad 2797:Walayah (Twelver doctrine) 2790: 2777: 2248: 2206: 2172: 1857:Twelver imams amongst Shia 1840: 1836: 1779:refers exclusively to the 1743: 762:List of Twelver Shia books 29: 12498: 12451: 12403: 12357: 12247: 12234: 12173: 12070: 12008: 11991: 11878: 11826: 11817: 11756: 11673: 11607: 11584: 11531: 11451: 11436: 11366: 11233: 11076: 10940: 10915: 10891:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 10828: 10728: 10578: 10569: 10565: 10552: 10526: 10471: 10418: 10314: 10307: 10265: 10235:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 10195: 10053: 9950:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 9898: 9868: 9775: 9743: 9684: 9642: 9463: 9417: 9404:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 9379:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 9229:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 9168: 9159: 9127: 9099: 9066: 9038: 9031: 9027: 9002: 8906:The Spirit of Islamic Law 8434:Kraemer, Joel L. (1992). 8063:. Routledge. p. 75. 6708:10.1017/S0022463408000052 6665:10.1017/S0020743812000050 5330:دائره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی 5140:. McFarland. p. 25. 4880:American Security Project 4479:(central Iraq) to Shaam ( 4082:Akhbari and Usuli schools 4031:. The difference between 3887:Marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq 3854:Marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq 3437:. Hence many Shīʻa use a 3399: 2916:who are divinely chosen, 2861:, who was the brother of 1929:During tenth century and 1802:schools of jurisprudence. 1622:; a sizeable minority in 658:Other hadith collections 638:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih 11920:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 10795:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 10409:The Moderation in Belief 10290:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 10028:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 9599:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 9529:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 8712:Pakatchi, Ahmad (2019). 8338:A history of Shi'i Islam 8336:Daftary, Farhad (2013). 7735:. Islamic Book Service. 7397:"Ask a Question. Marja'" 6526:; Goldberg, Ori (2014). 4861:Atlas of the Middle East 4684: 4491:, 40 days after Ashurah. 4202:Islamic Republic of Iran 4075:The Fourteen Infallibles 3966:which, according to the 3589: 3246:Ancillaries of the Faith 3023: 2710: 2399: 2349:Tawhid of the attributes 2150:Muhammad Baqir Behbahani 1920:Crisis and consolidation 1830:the Fourteen Infallibles 1354:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim 66:The Fourteen Infallibles 12382:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 11773:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 11691:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 11463:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 10402:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 10360:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 10215:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 9619:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 9524:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 9514:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 9354:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 9309:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 9244:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 8315:Dabashi, Hamid (2006). 8227:Campo, Juan E. (2009). 6771:al-Shaykh al-Saduq 1982 6744:al-Shaykh al-Saduq 1982 6424:Focus on Islamic Issues 6394:Rizvi, Kishwar (2017). 4761:10.29252/jemr.10.37.105 4523:announced Ali's imamate 3902:Dissimulation (Taqiyya) 3842:Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim 3802:Hossein Vahid Khorasani 3633:Forbidding what is evil 3629:Commanding what is just 3574: 3346:Forbidding what is evil 3340:Commanding what is just 3164:The day of resurrection 2621:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque 1828:that together comprise 1550:. The words and deeds ( 1497:) and will reappear as 692:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya 662:Book of Sulaym ibn Qays 12054:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 11631:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 11124:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 10619:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 10280:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 10275:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 10210:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 10170:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 10155:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 9835:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 9830:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 9589:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 9499:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 9494:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 9479:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 9349:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 9314:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 9239:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 8887:Shia political thought 8845:. Vol. 1. WOFIS. 8491:Momen, Moojan (1985). 8208:Black, Antony (2011). 6560:(81). Brill: 153–164. 6400:. BRILL. p. 101. 5920:Nasr & Leaman 1996 5460:Nasr & Leaman 2001 4874:John Bugnacki (2014). 4581:Muhammad Baqir Majlisi 4244: 3876:Supreme Leader of Iran 3826:Hossein Noori Hamedani 3822:Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi 3810:Mousa Shubairi Zanjani 3332:". Writing the truth ( 3236:Shari'ah (Furu al-Din) 3106:—is guaranteed by the 3008:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque 3002: 2904:With the exception of 2896:Succession to Muhammad 2817: 2633:Bab al-Saghir Cemetery 2597:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque 2404:Contrary to Tawhid is 2281: 1618:; half the Muslims in 1289:Khadija bint Khuwaylid 876:Succession to Muhammad 12589:Shia Islamic branches 12323:Wallace Fard Muhammad 11275:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 10782:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 10531:Early Muslim scholars 10339:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 9609:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 9359:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 9269:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 8885:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 8880:. Vol. 6. WOFIS. 8871:. Vol. 3. WOFIS. 8862:. Vol. 2. WOFIS. 8741:Khums, An Islamic Tax 8697:. London: Routledge. 8583:. London: Routledge. 8457:. World Wisdom, Inc. 8230:Encyclopedia of Islam 7733:Sahih Muslim Abridged 6791:Momen (1985), p. 174. 6448:Stefon, Matt (2009). 4653:List of Shia converts 4240: 4017:Ja'fari jurisprudence 4007:Ja'fari jurisprudence 3889:, "and his allies in 3861:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei 3830:Abdollah Javadi-Amoli 3818:Naser Makarem Shirazi 3645:Further information: 3108:verse of purification 3075:are considered to be 2985: 2932:event of Ghadir Khumm 2804: 2756:are also among them. 2681:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 2465:Justice in Recompense 2362:Tawhid of Creatorship 2337:Tawhid of the Essence 2276: 2227:the Battle of Karbala 2173:Further information: 2080:School of Jabal 'Amil 1951:Abu Sahl Al-Nawbakhti 1843:History of Shia Islam 1679:belief in the Imamate 1599:), through Muhammad. 1382:Shia Islam portal 1008:Verse of purification 855:Beliefs and practices 786:Shia Islam portal 221:Imamate of the Family 11969:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 11764:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 10954:Theology of Twelvers 10799:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 10346:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 10145:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 9544:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 9534:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 9519:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 9339:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 9304:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 9294:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 9289:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 9264:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 8960:Twelver Media Source 7729:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 5713:, pp. 21 and 22 5311:, pp. 73 and 74 4643:List of Shia Muslims 4601:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 4447:Mourning of Muharram 4415:during the month of 4326:improve this article 4269:Marja' (Islamic law) 4217:constitution of Iran 4023:is derived from the 4001:Jurisprudence (Fiqh) 3379:Declaration of faith 3358:and their followers. 3202:The day of judgement 3060:, through Muhammad. 2968:Ziyarat and Tawassul 2209:Theology of Twelvers 2203:Theological doctrine 1847:Origin of Shia Islam 1528:theology of Twelvers 1304:Umm Kulthum bint Ali 983:Mourning of Muharram 913:Mourning of Muharram 677:Reality of Certainty 353:Mourning of Muharram 231:Mourning of Muharram 27:Branch of Shia Islam 12203:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 11945:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 11917:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 11715:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 11377:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 10684:Other Salafi trends 10513:Musta'li Isma'ilism 10429:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 9820:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 9584:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 9234:Zakariyya al-Ansari 8235:Infobase Publishing 8180:on October 6, 2014. 7473:on 17 December 2012 7427:Die Welt des Islams 7301:, pp. 91–96–97 6888:, pp. 334, 335 6869:, p. 15 and 51 6782:Nasr (1979), p. 10. 6266:. Peshawar Nights. 6217:Nasr (1979), p. 15. 5163:, p. chapter 2 4948:"Obama's Overtures" 4551:Umar ibn Al Khattab 4135:of this article is 3867:, "emerged" as the 3814:Sayyid Sadeq Rohani 3605:Tawalla and Tabarra 3520:mines and minerals. 3421:purification ritual 2657:Al-Kadhimiya Mosque 2525:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 2500: 2444:Justice in Creation 2288:Sayyid Haydar Amuli 1526:. According to the 1319:Ruqayya bint Husayn 1226:Extinct Shi'a sects 946:Days of remembrance 933:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage 928:The Four Companions 358:Arba'een Pilgrimage 12502:Other scholars of 12393:Islamic modernists 12367:Modernist Salafism 12018:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 11977:Abdullah ibn Saba' 11912:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 11797:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 11785:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 11776:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 11707:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 11029:Astarabadi (Naimi) 10759:Abdullah al-Harari 10713:Muhammad bin Dawud 10646:Syed Nazeer Husain 10381:Tabsirat al-Adilla 10295:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 10130:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 9977:Syed Nazeer Husain 9900:Salafi Theologians 9652:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 9624:Muhammad Abu Zahra 9409:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 9259:Abdul Qadir Gilani 8940:Shi'a Islam (book) 8359:. Burleigh Press. 8120:al-Shaykh al-Saduq 8095:. Missionislam.com 7952:, pp. 102–105 7892:, pp. 104–105 7769:The Shia Revival, 7499:on 9 January 2008. 7349:, pp. 264–267 7325:, pp. 275–278 7214:, pp. 179–180 7044:, pp. 133–134 7020:, pp. 198–705 6996:, pp. 122–124 6984:, pp. 159–164 6746:, pp. 151–152 6731:, pp. 155–156 6325:, pp. 144–145 6178:, pp. 678–679 6154:, pp. 110–112 6046:, pp. 130–131 6034:, pp. 128–129 5998:, pp. 579–581 5922:, pp. 253–258 5888:Research.rafed.net 5863:Arabic.al-shia.org 5486:, pp. 106–108 5474:, pp. 100–101 5399:, pp. 284–285 5378:, pp. 234–235 5299:, pp. 151–152 5275:, pp. 221–222 5232:, pp. 148–149 5098:, pp. 143–144 5027:2008-12-17 at the 4908:. November 6, 2006 4905:The Times of India 4628:List of Shia books 4593:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 4589:Al-Shaykh al-Saduq 4548:Rashidun caliphate 4463:Yazid ibn Muawiyah 4253:'Ali ibn Abi Talib 4193:where the Twelver 4191:Iranian Revolution 3962:, is a fixed-time 3838:Muhammad al-Fayadh 3561:al-ghunm bil-ghurm 3532:the spoils of war. 3298:means "to purify". 3180:The return (Raj'a) 3003: 2987:Imam Husayn Shrine 2954:two weighty things 2880:) nor messengers ( 2818: 2787:Imamah and Walayah 2561:Imam Husayn Shrine 2537:Al-Haram al-Sharif 2498: 2377:Tawhid of Lordship 2371:causes and effects 2310:God. God is not a 2187:During the 1960s, 2179:Iranian Revolution 2138:By the end of the 2101:took the power in 1978:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 1937:was the center of 1905:Shia Jurisprudence 1756:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1701:Khatam an-Nabiyyin 1139:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 1066:Branches and sects 1013:Two weighty things 621:Hadith collections 12546: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12494: 12493: 12303:Muhammad Jaunpuri 12230: 12229: 12156:Sumāma ibn Ashras 11987: 11986: 11838:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 11813: 11812: 11683:Gaylān ibn Marwān 11580: 11579: 11432: 11431: 11095:Abdallah al-Aftah 10911: 10910: 10824: 10823: 10808:Necmettin Erbakan 10650:Siddiq Hasan Khan 10614:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 10548: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10522: 10521: 10462:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 10456:Tashih al-I'tiqad 10367:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 10303: 10302: 10285:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 10252:Idris Imad al-Din 10205:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 10180:Ruhollah Khomeini 10160:Zurarah ibn A'yan 10135:Sharif al-Murtaza 10123:Muhammad al-Mahdi 10108:Muhammad al-Jawad 10088:Muhammad al-Baqir 9989:Siddiq Hasan Khan 9965:Rabee al-Madkhali 9614:Murtada al-Zabidi 9389:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 9155: 9154: 8915:978-0-8203-2827-0 8896:978-1-904934-01-1 8807:978-1-86064-780-2 8794:Shah-Kazemi, Reza 8781:978-0-19-511915-2 8759:978-964-438-620-6 8704:978-0-415-44262-6 8685:978-0-06-155642-5 8666:978-0-585-07849-6 8647:978-1-930637-11-5 8628:978-0-7914-6799-2 8590:978-0-415-25934-7 8571:978-0-887-06689-4 8541:978-1-55778-516-9 8511:Motahari, Morteza 8502:978-0-300-03531-5 8464:978-1-933316-26-0 8445:978-90-04-09736-0 8412:978-1-55876-134-6 8366:978-0-404-18959-4 8347:978-0-85773-524-9 8307:978-0-88738-288-8 8285:978-0-275-98732-9 8244:978-0-8160-5454-1 8219:978-0-7486-3987-8 8173:978-964-438-873-6 8152:978-0-7914-2122-2 8070:978-0-415-21165-9 7784:, (1985), p. 193. 7447:. 20 January 2013 7087:978-0-300-03531-5 6625:978-0-299-18473-5 6539:978-1-107-04638-2 6491:978-0-86078-161-5 6476:Madelung, Wilferd 6461:978-1-61530-017-4 6434:978-1-60021-204-8 6407:978-90-04-35284-1 6336:Robinson, Francis 6279:Rizvi, Muhammad. 5324:Pakatchi, Ahmad. 4459:Battle of Karbala 4402: 4401: 4394: 4376: 4341:"Twelver Shi'ism" 4286:) the intellect ( 4198:Ruhollah Khomeini 4176: 4175: 4168: 4011:Sources of sharia 3641:Clergy and taqlid 2999:Battle of Karbala 2962:Muhammad's family 2867:Muhammad al-Mahdi 2851:divine revelation 2691: 2690: 2585:Jannat al-Mu'alla 2413:Morteza Motahhari 2394:Morteza Motahhari 2261:Ali ibn Abi Talib 2235:Muhammad al-Mahdi 2189:Ruhollah Khomeini 2093:School of Isfahan 2070:ruling of Mongols 1982:Sharif al-Murtaza 1884:Muhammad Al-Baqir 1760:Muhammad al-Mahdi 1584: 1491: 1437:), also known as 1433:ʾIthnā ʿAshariyya 1427:ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة 1416: 1415: 1349:Fatimah bint Asad 1314:Fatima bint Hasan 1043:Battle of Karbala 820: 819: 716:and jurisprudence 323:Nahy ani l-Munkar 163: 162: 16:(Redirected from 12601: 12584:Islam in Lebanon 12569:Islam in Bahrain 12245: 12244: 12006: 12005: 11824: 11823: 11800:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 11782:Awn ibn Abdullāh 11769:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 11739:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 11605: 11604: 11449: 11448: 11418:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 11387:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 11356:Khashabiyya Shia 11292:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 11250:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 11033:Imadaddin Nasimi 10938: 10937: 10835: 10834: 10706:Salafi Modernism 10609:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 10576: 10575: 10567: 10566: 10554: 10553: 10450:Awail Al Maqalat 10332:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 10312: 10311: 10242:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 10197:Isma'ili Shi'ism 10185:Wilayat al-faqih 10165:Hisham ibn Hakam 10150:Allamah Al-Hilli 9374:Muhammad Mayyara 9166: 9165: 9036: 9035: 9029: 9028: 9004: 9003: 8996:Islamic theology 8989: 8982: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8954:Ithna 'Ashariyah 8919: 8900: 8881: 8872: 8863: 8854: 8837: 8811: 8800:. I. B. Tauris. 8785: 8763: 8744: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8708: 8689: 8670: 8651: 8632: 8613: 8594: 8575: 8564:. Albany: SUNY. 8545: 8526: 8506: 8487: 8468: 8449: 8430: 8424: 8416: 8404: 8393: 8370: 8351: 8332: 8311: 8289: 8270: 8248: 8223: 8204: 8192: 8181: 8176:. Archived from 8156: 8135: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 7995: 7989: 7983: 7977: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7947: 7941: 7935: 7929: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7820:, pp. 10–11 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7778: 7772: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7598:encyclopedia.com 7592:Gleave, Robert. 7589: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7560: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7538:. 22 July 2017. 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7513:. 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Archived from 7489: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7421:Peter, Rudolph. 7418: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7338: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7287: 7286:, pp. 94–95 7281: 7275: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7176:Tabataba'ei 1982 7173: 7167: 7166:, pp. 93–94 7161: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7139:, pp. 92–93 7134: 7128: 7127: 7108: 7102: 7096: 7090: 7075: 7069: 7068:, pp. 75–80 7063: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6846: 6840: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6747: 6741: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6593:The Conversation 6584: 6578: 6577: 6553: 6544: 6543: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6506:Galian, Laurence 6502: 6496: 6495: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6345: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6301: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6236: 6227: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6190: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6142:, pp. 67–68 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6116:Tabataba'ei 1983 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6092:Tabataba'ei 1986 6089: 6083: 6080:Tabataba'ei 1984 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6022:, pp. 583–5 6017: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5993: 5987: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5917: 5911: 5908:Need of Religion 5905: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5810: 5807:Tabataba'ei 1979 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5732: 5727: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5665:, pp. 20–30 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5423: 5412: 5409:Amir-Moezzi 1994 5406: 5400: 5394: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5321: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5115:Tabataba'ei 1975 5112: 5106: 5105: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5067:, pp. 74–75 5065:Tabatabae'i 1975 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5038: 5032: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4806: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4740: 4723: 4721: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4695: 4558:Notable scholars 4397: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4334: 4310: 4302: 4213:not all Twelvers 4171: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4151: 4125: 4124: 4117: 4064:Uthman ibn Affan 3953: 3846:Bashir al-Najafi 3469: 3425:washing the face 3132:Islamic calendar 3128:Islamic calendar 3096:Wilferd Madelung 3073:the Twelve Imams 3052:esoteric meaning 2940:the twelve Imams 2750:Munkar and Nakir 2669:Al-Askari Mosque 2645:Imam Reza Shrine 2501: 2497: 2430: 2422: 2265:Islamic theology 2193:monarchy in Iran 2183:Islamic Republic 2035:School of Hillah 1967:Anthropomorphism 1781:Juridical school 1758:and ending with 1697: 1598: 1579: 1577: 1557: 1532:Muslim community 1511: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1468: 1459:the Twelve Imams 1448: 1435: 1428: 1408: 1401: 1394: 1380: 1379: 1359:Ruqayya bint Ali 1334:Fatima bint Musa 848: 839: 833: 832: 822: 821: 812: 805: 798: 784: 783: 687:Mafatih al-Jinan 672:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa 643:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 246:Wilayat al-Faqih 71: 70: 41: 40: 21: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12559:Twelver Shi'ism 12549: 12548: 12547: 12534: 12490: 12447: 12418:Ahmed Raza Khan 12399: 12353: 12343:Fethullah Gülen 12318:Nation of Islam 12239: 12236: 12226: 12169: 12146:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 12074: 12066: 11999: 11995: 11983: 11904:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 11874: 11809: 11794:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 11752: 11669: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11576: 11527: 11440: 11428: 11362: 11236: 11229: 11197:Hassan-i Sabbah 11080: 11072: 10944: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10919: 10907: 10872:Hasan al-Utrush 10820: 10786:Ahmed Raza Khan 10732: 10724: 10631:Dawud al-Zahiri 10582: 10561: 10540: 10518: 10467: 10414: 10374:Kitab al-Tawhid 10299: 10261: 10191: 10118:Hasan al-Askari 10093:Ja'far al-Sadiq 10055:Twelver Shi'ism 10049: 10021:Salafi Jihadism 10016:Osama bin Laden 9999:Safar Al-Hawali 9960:Saleh Al-Fawzan 9894: 9864: 9857:Sahib ibn Abbad 9852:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 9817:Ja'far ibn Harb 9782:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 9779: 9771: 9739: 9700:ī (Muqātilīyya) 9680: 9638: 9594:Shah Abdul Aziz 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Mizan Press. 8503: 8484: 8465: 8446: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8377:Islamic Studies 8367: 8348: 8329: 8308: 8286: 8276:Voices of Islam 8267: 8245: 8220: 8201: 8174: 8153: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8055:Elias, Jamal J. 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8028: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 7998:Barr, Sabrina. 7996: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7972: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7936: 7932: 7924: 7920: 7912: 7908: 7900: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7876: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7836: 7828: 7824: 7816: 7812: 7804: 7800: 7792: 7788: 7779: 7775: 7766: 7762: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7726: 7722: 7714: 7710: 7702: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7676: 7672: 7664: 7660: 7652: 7648: 7640: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7616: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7590: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7561: 7554: 7545: 7543: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7520: 7518: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7419: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7381: 7377: 7369: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7333: 7329: 7321: 7317: 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6162: 6158: 6150: 6146: 6138: 6134: 6126: 6122: 6114: 6110: 6102: 6098: 6090: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6054: 6050: 6042: 6038: 6030: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6006: 6002: 5994: 5990: 5982: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5867: 5865: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5844: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5820: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5697: 5693: 5685: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5604: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5559: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5535: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5439: 5429: 5424: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5395: 5382: 5374: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5350: 5343: 5334: 5332: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5048: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5029:Wayback Machine 5020: 5016: 5007: 5005: 5004:. 21 April 2008 4996: 4995: 4991: 4982: 4980: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4958: 4956: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4932: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4872: 4868: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4807: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4755:(37): 105–138. 4741: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4713: 4709: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4613: 4570: 4560: 4398: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4335: 4333: 4323: 4311: 4300: 4275: 4265: 4180:Safavid dynasty 4172: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4141: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4084: 4013: 4005:Main articles: 4003: 3936:Nikāḥ al-Mut'ah 3933: 3927: 3910: 3904: 3899: 3869:marja al-mutlaq 3857: 3755: 3653: 3643: 3635: 3627:Main articles: 3625: 3617: 3609:Main articles: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3583: 3577: 3502: 3486: 3478:Main articles: 3476: 3474:Khums and zakah 3459: 3453: 3416: 3404:Main articles: 3402: 3381: 3373:Main articles: 3371: 3334:jihād bil qalam 3248: 3240:Main articles: 3238: 3217: 3204: 3182: 3166: 3158:Hasan al-Askari 3150: 3148:The occultation 3144: 3142:The occultation 3102:—the family of 3067:, his daughter 3032: 3026: 2980: 2972:Main articles: 2970: 2898: 2892: 2799: 2791:Main articles: 2789: 2780: 2762: 2754:Harut and Marut 2713: 2699:Ja'far al-Sadiq 2696: 2694:The Prophethood 2609:Al Abbas Mosque 2549:Imam Ali Shrine 2513:Masjid al-Haram 2496: 2480: 2467: 2458: 2446: 2437: 2402: 2379: 2364: 2351: 2339: 2253: 2247: 2211: 2205: 2197:1979 revolution 2185: 2171: 2136: 2111:Shaykh al-Islam 2107:Safavid dynasty 2105:and set up the 2095: 2090: 2088:Rising to power 2082: 2064:collapsed with 2062:Abbasid dynasty 2037: 2032: 1961:, particularly 1949:, particularly 1927: 1922: 1913: 1901:Ja'far al-Sadiq 1881: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1839: 1789:Ja'far al-Sadiq 1748: 1742: 1521:Islamic prophet 1419:Twelver Shīʿism 1412: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1299:Zaynab bint Ali 1279: 1271: 1270: 1241: 1231: 1230: 1144:Sulaymani Bohra 1068: 1058: 1057: 1028:Fatimah's house 1003: 993: 992: 948: 938: 937: 856: 835: 834: 826: 825: 816: 778: 773: 772: 771: 756: 748: 747: 746: 732:The Infallibles 717: 705: 704: 703: 682:Nahj al-Balagha 654: 622: 614: 613: 612: 557: 549: 548: 547: 479: 471: 470: 469: 437: 429: 428: 427: 377: 369: 368: 367: 347: 346:Other practices 339: 338: 337: 318:Amr bi-l maʿrūf 282: 272: 271: 270: 215: 207: 206: 205: 175: 165: 164: 68: 57:Twelver Shi'ism 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:Twelver Shi`ism 15: 12: 11: 5: 12607: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12544: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12457: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12445: 12440: 12439: 12438: 12433: 12424: 12409: 12407: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12396: 12395: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12372:Muhammad Abduh 12363: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12331: 12330: 12329: 12315: 12314: 12313: 12295: 12294: 12293: 12276: 12275: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12253: 12251: 12242: 12232: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12224: 12223: 12222: 12217: 12215:Rashad Khalifa 12207: 12206: 12205: 12200: 12198:Muhammad Iqbal 12190: 12185: 12179: 12177: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12157: 12151: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12141: 12138: 12132: 12129: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12116: 12115: 12114: 12106: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12089: 12082: 12080: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12051: 12044:Bektashi Order 12037: 12028: 12014: 12012: 12003: 11989: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11940: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11905: 11897: 11896: 11895: 11893:Abu al-Khattab 11884: 11882: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11851:Abū Hulmān al- 11844: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11832: 11830: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11806:Amr ibn Murrah 11804: 11803:Ahmad ibn Hārb 11801: 11798: 11795: 11792: 11791:Salm ibn Sālem 11789: 11786: 11783: 11780: 11777: 11774: 11771: 11766: 11760: 11758: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11724: 11723:Sāleh ibn Umar 11718: 11717: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11700: 11699:Gassān al-Kūfī 11694: 11693: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11684: 11677: 11675: 11671: 11670: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11659: 11656: 11653: 11650: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11638: 11635: 11632: 11629: 11626: 11623: 11620: 11613: 11611: 11602: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11557: 11548: 11546:Jābir ibn Zayd 11543: 11537: 11535: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11525: 11524: 11523: 11514: 11504: 11503: 11502: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11472: 11471: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11457: 11455: 11446: 11434: 11433: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11426: 11421: 11420: 11419: 11414:Tawussite Shia 11411: 11410: 11409: 11395: 11394: 11393: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11352: 11351: 11346: 11345: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11297: 11296: 11295: 11294: 11293: 11287: 11286: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11280: 11277: 11269: 11254: 11253: 11252: 11241: 11239: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11225: 11216: 11203: 11189: 11188: 11187: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11167: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11136: 11135: 11134: 11117: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11086: 11084: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11059: 11045: 11044: 11043: 11026: 11008: 11007: 11006: 10980: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10972: 10971: 10966: 10950: 10948: 10935: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10884:Imams of Yemen 10881: 10879:Yahya ibn Umar 10876: 10875: 10874: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10843: 10841: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10817: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10805: 10792: 10769: 10768: 10767: 10766: 10765: 10751: 10740: 10738: 10726: 10725: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10654: 10653: 10652: 10633: 10623: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10590: 10588: 10573: 10563: 10562: 10550: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10533: 10527: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10505: 10494: 10487:Kitab al-Majmu 10483: 10475: 10473: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10465: 10458: 10453: 10446: 10439: 10432: 10424: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10405: 10398: 10391: 10384: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10342: 10335: 10328: 10325:Asas al-Taqdis 10320: 10318: 10309: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10271: 10269: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10177: 10175:Ja'far Sobhani 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10078:Husayn ibn Ali 10075: 10070: 10059: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10025: 10024: 10023: 10013: 10011:Salman al-Ouda 10008: 10007: 10006: 10004:Sahwa movement 9996: 9994:Zubair Ali Zai 9991: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9974: 9973: 9972: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9926: 9925: 9915: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9887: 9884: 9881: 9874: 9872: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9862: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9842:Al-Zamakhshari 9839: 9838: 9837: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9800: 9797: 9794: 9787: 9785: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9749: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9737: 9727: 9726: 9725: 9717: 9701: 9690: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9648: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9579:Ahmad Sirhindi 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9475: 9473: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9447: 9440:Malik ibn Anas 9437: 9426: 9424: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9204:Al-Shahrastani 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9180: 9178: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9133: 9131: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9105: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9044: 9042: 9033: 9025: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9017: 9012: 9008: 9000: 8999: 8992: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8957: 8951: 8946: 8933: 8926: 8925:External links 8923: 8921: 8920: 8914: 8901: 8895: 8882: 8873: 8864: 8855: 8838: 8832: 8812: 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SUNY Press. 8614: 8608: 8595: 8589: 8576: 8570: 8554:Dabashi, Hamid 8546: 8540: 8527: 8507: 8501: 8488: 8482: 8469: 8463: 8450: 8444: 8431: 8411: 8394: 8371: 8365: 8352: 8346: 8333: 8327: 8312: 8306: 8294:Dabashi, Hamid 8290: 8284: 8271: 8265: 8249: 8243: 8224: 8218: 8205: 8199: 8182: 8172: 8157: 8151: 8145:. SUNY Press. 8136: 8124:A Shiite Creed 8115: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8083: 8069: 8046: 8021: 7990: 7978: 7966: 7954: 7942: 7930: 7918: 7906: 7894: 7882: 7870: 7858: 7846: 7834: 7822: 7810: 7798: 7786: 7773: 7760: 7748: 7741: 7720: 7708: 7696: 7670: 7658: 7646: 7634: 7622: 7610: 7581: 7552: 7527: 7502: 7484: 7458: 7432: 7413: 7387: 7385:, p. 143. 7375: 7363: 7351: 7339: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7288: 7276: 7263: 7251: 7239: 7227: 7216: 7204: 7192: 7180: 7178:, pp. 5–7 7168: 7153: 7141: 7129: 7122: 7103: 7091: 7070: 7058: 7046: 7034: 7022: 7010: 6998: 6986: 6974: 6962: 6950: 6938: 6926: 6908: 6890: 6886:Donaldson 1933 6878: 6859: 6841: 6837:Ansariyan 2007 6829: 6825:Donaldson 1933 6817: 6805: 6793: 6784: 6775: 6763: 6748: 6733: 6721: 6702:(1): 107–122. 6686: 6659:(2): 285–299. 6639: 6624: 6604: 6579: 6545: 6538: 6515: 6512:. p. 230. 6497: 6490: 6467: 6460: 6440: 6433: 6413: 6406: 6386: 6371: 6364: 6327: 6315: 6296: 6284: 6272: 6270:. Al-islam.org 6256: 6249: 6228: 6219: 6210: 6180: 6168: 6156: 6144: 6132: 6120: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6060: 6048: 6036: 6024: 6012: 6000: 5988: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5940: 5931: 5912: 5900: 5875: 5850: 5838: 5826: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5775: 5763: 5751: 5742: 5733: 5715: 5703: 5691: 5679: 5667: 5655: 5643: 5631: 5622: 5610: 5598: 5586: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5541: 5524: 5512: 5500: 5488: 5476: 5464: 5462:, p. 1047 5452: 5437: 5413: 5401: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5341: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5246: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5199: 5192: 5172: 5153: 5146: 5126: 5107: 5088: 5076: 5057: 5033: 5014: 5002:Indian Express 4989: 4965: 4939: 4918: 4891: 4866: 4852: 4827: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4707: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4564:List of marjas 4559: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4541: 4530: 4515:Eid al-Ghadeer 4512: 4502: 4499:Rabi' al-awwal 4492: 4470: 4439: 4438: 4424: 4400: 4399: 4314: 4312: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4264: 4261: 4225:Islamic jurist 4221:Supreme Leader 4174: 4173: 4129: 4127: 4120: 4111:Main article: 4108: 4105: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4067: 4048: 4002: 3999: 3997:points to it. 3929:Main article: 3926: 3923: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3865:Ali al-Sistani 3856: 3850: 3834:Ali al-Sistani 3754: 3751: 3642: 3639: 3624: 3621: 3606: 3603: 3594:Main article: 3591: 3588: 3579:Main article: 3576: 3573: 3553: 3552: 3551:gain or profit 3549: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3498: 3475: 3472: 3455:Main article: 3452: 3449: 3401: 3398: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3359: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3315: 3305: 3299: 3290:(Poor-rate) – 3285: 3271: 3237: 3234: 3216: 3213: 3203: 3200: 3181: 3178: 3165: 3162: 3146:Main article: 3143: 3140: 3028:Main article: 3025: 3022: 2969: 2966: 2894:Main article: 2891: 2888: 2859:Husayn Ibn Ali 2807:mirror writing 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2761: 2758: 2712: 2709: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2495: 2492: 2479: 2476: 2466: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2435:Justice of God 2433: 2431:)) is Tawhid. 2401: 2398: 2387:tadbir tashrii 2383:tadbir takwini 2378: 2375: 2363: 2360: 2350: 2347: 2338: 2335: 2249:Main article: 2246: 2243: 2223:Jafar al-Sadiq 2207:Main article: 2204: 2201: 2170: 2167: 2135: 2132: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2054:Muhaqqiq Hilli 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 1986:Shaykh al-Tusi 1984:(d. 1044) and 1980:(d. 1022 CE), 1926: 1925:Baghdad school 1923: 1921: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1880: 1877: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1803: 1774: 1741: 1738: 1672:state religion 1510:المهدي المنتظر 1414: 1413: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1396: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1364:Sayyida Nafisa 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1339:Hakimah Khātūn 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1199: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1134:Hebtiahs Bohra 1131: 1130: 1129: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1004: 999: 998: 995: 994: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 949: 944: 943: 940: 939: 936: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 899: 898: 893: 888: 878: 873: 868: 863: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 841: 840: 818: 817: 815: 814: 807: 800: 792: 789: 788: 775: 774: 770: 769: 764: 758: 757: 755:Related topics 754: 753: 750: 749: 745: 744: 739: 734: 725: 719: 718: 711: 710: 707: 706: 702: 701: 700: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 667:Bihar al-Anwar 664: 655: 653: 652: 651: 650: 645: 640: 635: 628:The Four Books 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 611: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 580: 575: 565: 559: 558: 555: 554: 551: 550: 546: 545: 544: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 487: 481: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 468: 467: 462: 457: 456: 455: 450: 439: 438: 435: 434: 431: 430: 426: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 379: 378: 375: 374: 371: 370: 366: 365: 360: 355: 349: 348: 345: 344: 341: 340: 336: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 284: 283: 278: 277: 274: 273: 269: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 217: 216: 213: 212: 209: 208: 204: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 176: 171: 170: 167: 166: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 95: 94: 87: 86: 85: 84: 79: 69: 64: 63: 60: 59: 53: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12606: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12579:Islam in Iraq 12577: 12575: 12574:Islam in Iran 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12497: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12453:Other beliefs 12450: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12428: 12427:Hilmi Tunahan 12425: 12423: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12402: 12394: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12377:Muhammad Asad 12375: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12368: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12356: 12348: 12344: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12335: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12299: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12287:Sabbatai Zevi 12285: 12284: 12283: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12258: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12233: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12212: 12211: 12208: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12172: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137:Ali al-Aswarī 12136: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12123: 12122: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12101: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12052: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12004: 12001: 11994: 11990: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11949: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11927: 11924: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11911: 11910: 11909:Muʿāmmarīyya 11908: 11903: 11902: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11889: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11881: 11877: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11849: 11848: 11845: 11842: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11805: 11802: 11799: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11698: 11697: 11695: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11672: 11663: 11660: 11657: 11654: 11651: 11648: 11645: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11633: 11630: 11627: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11606: 11603: 11600: 11594: 11587: 11583: 11573: 11570: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11530: 11522: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11509: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11493: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11477: 11476: 11473: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11461: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11447: 11444: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11424:Waqifite Shia 11422: 11417: 11416: 11415: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11400: 11399: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11365: 11357: 11354: 11350: 11349:Ishaq al-Turk 11347: 11343: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11321: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11302: 11301: 11298: 11291: 11290: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11258: 11255: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11238: 11232: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11193: 11190: 11186: 11183: 11179: 11176: 11172: 11169: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11151: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11140: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11107:Hamdan Qarmat 11105: 11104: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11092: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11012: 11009: 11005: 11004:Safavid Islam 11001: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10988:Sheikh Haydar 10986: 10985: 10984: 10981: 10977: 10974: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10961: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10955: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10893: 10892: 10889: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10849: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10813: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10780: 10779: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10773: 10770: 10764: 10760: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10731: 10727: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10707: 10704: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10602: 10598: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10581: 10580:Ahl al-Hadith 10577: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10555: 10551: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10506: 10504: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10451: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10399: 10397: 10396: 10392: 10390: 10389: 10385: 10383: 10382: 10378: 10376: 10375: 10371: 10369: 10368: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10348: 10347: 10343: 10341: 10340: 10336: 10334: 10333: 10329: 10327: 10326: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10313: 10310: 10306: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10267:Zaydi Shi'ism 10264: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10098:Musa al-Kazim 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10083:Ali al-Sajjad 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10073:Hasan ibn Ali 10071: 10069: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10052: 10044:Post-Salafism 10043: 10042: 10041: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10029: 10026: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10005: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9975: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9908:Ibn Taymiyyah 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9889:Mustadrakīyya 9888: 9885: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9867: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9847:Amr ibn Ubayd 9845: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9810: 9807: 9804: 9801: 9798: 9795: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9778: 9774: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9731: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9665: 9662: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9641: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9466: 9462: 9455: 9451: 9448: 9445: 9441: 9438: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9416: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9158: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8985: 8983: 8978: 8976: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8961: 8958: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8941: 8938:a chapter of 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8917: 8911: 8907: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8874: 8870: 8865: 8861: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8839: 8835: 8833:0-87395-272-3 8829: 8825: 8821: 8820:Shi'ite Islam 8817: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8751: 8746: 8742: 8737: 8725: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8696: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8677: 8672: 8668: 8662: 8658: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8639: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8620: 8615: 8611: 8609:0-06-051665-8 8605: 8601: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8582: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8550:Nasr, Hossein 8547: 8543: 8537: 8533: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8498: 8494: 8489: 8485: 8483:0-415-32639-7 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8456: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8437: 8432: 8428: 8422: 8414: 8408: 8403: 8402: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8378: 8372: 8368: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8339: 8334: 8330: 8328:1-4128-0516-3 8324: 8320: 8319: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8277: 8272: 8268: 8266:0-7103-0416-1 8262: 8258: 8254: 8253:Corbin, Henry 8250: 8246: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8231: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8211: 8206: 8202: 8200:0-19-504257-3 8196: 8191: 8190: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8094: 8087: 8072: 8066: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8050: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7988:, p. 188 7987: 7982: 7976:, p. 163 7975: 7970: 7964:, p. 229 7963: 7958: 7951: 7946: 7939: 7934: 7928:, p. 135 7927: 7922: 7916:, p. 133 7915: 7910: 7904:, p. 111 7903: 7898: 7891: 7886: 7879: 7874: 7867: 7862: 7855: 7850: 7843: 7838: 7831: 7826: 7819: 7814: 7807: 7806:Arjomand 1988 7802: 7795: 7790: 7783: 7777: 7770: 7764: 7758:, p. 281 7757: 7752: 7744: 7742:81-7231-592-9 7738: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7718:, p. 182 7717: 7712: 7706:, p. 215 7705: 7700: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7662: 7656:, p. 207 7655: 7650: 7644:, p. 206 7643: 7638: 7632:, p. 153 7631: 7626: 7620:, p. 150 7619: 7614: 7599: 7595: 7588: 7586: 7570: 7569:Boston Review 7566: 7559: 7557: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7517:on 2018-08-19 7516: 7512: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7402: 7398: 7391: 7384: 7379: 7373:, p. 189 7372: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7348: 7343: 7337:, p. 262 7336: 7331: 7324: 7319: 7312: 7307: 7300: 7295: 7293: 7285: 7280: 7273: 7272:مفاتيح الجنان 7267: 7260: 7255: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7231: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7208: 7202:, p. 316 7201: 7196: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7158: 7151:, p. 245 7150: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7125: 7123:9780761479291 7119: 7115: 7114: 7107: 7101:, p. 217 7100: 7095: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7056:, p. 136 7055: 7050: 7043: 7038: 7032:, p. 451 7031: 7026: 7019: 7014: 7008:, p. 705 7007: 7002: 6995: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6972:, p. 228 6971: 6966: 6960:, p. 220 6959: 6954: 6948:, p. 121 6947: 6942: 6935: 6930: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6882: 6874: 6868: 6867:Madelung 1998 6863: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6838: 6833: 6827:, p. 326 6826: 6821: 6814: 6809: 6803:, p. 463 6802: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6773:, p. 151 6772: 6767: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6730: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6608: 6594: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6552: 6550: 6541: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6524:Mishal, Shaul 6519: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6493: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6444: 6436: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6417: 6409: 6403: 6399: 6398: 6390: 6383:. p. 13. 6382: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6352:Facts on File 6349: 6344: 6343: 6337: 6331: 6324: 6319: 6311: 6306:, p. 651 6305: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6269: 6265: 6260: 6252: 6250:0-02-865604-0 6246: 6243:. MacMillan. 6242: 6235: 6233: 6223: 6214: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6177: 6172: 6166:, p. 155 6165: 6160: 6153: 6148: 6141: 6136: 6130:, p. 142 6129: 6124: 6118:, p. 151 6117: 6112: 6106:, p. 132 6105: 6100: 6093: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6052: 6045: 6040: 6033: 6028: 6021: 6016: 6010:, p. 582 6009: 6004: 5997: 5992: 5986:, p. 601 5985: 5980: 5974:, p. 153 5973: 5968: 5962:, p. 131 5961: 5956: 5950:, p. 119 5949: 5944: 5935: 5927: 5921: 5916: 5909: 5904: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5848:, p. 224 5847: 5842: 5836:, p. 223 5835: 5830: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5808: 5803: 5797:, p. 249 5796: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5772: 5767: 5760: 5755: 5746: 5737: 5731: 5730:Motahari 1985 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5712: 5707: 5701:, p. 678 5700: 5695: 5688: 5683: 5676: 5671: 5664: 5659: 5653:, p. 115 5652: 5647: 5641:, p. 197 5640: 5635: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5608:, p. 114 5607: 5602: 5596:, p. 120 5595: 5590: 5581: 5575:, p. 287 5574: 5569: 5563:, p. 228 5562: 5557: 5551:, p. 127 5550: 5545: 5539:, p. 226 5538: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5522:, p. 152 5521: 5516: 5510:, p. 164 5509: 5504: 5497: 5492: 5485: 5480: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5450:, p. 230 5449: 5444: 5442: 5433: 5428:, p. 717 5427: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5411:, p. 134 5410: 5405: 5398: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5377: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5346: 5331: 5327: 5320: 5318: 5310: 5305: 5298: 5293: 5287:, p. 230 5286: 5281: 5274: 5269: 5261: 5256:, p. 159 5255: 5254:Pakatchi 1988 5250: 5244:, p. 221 5243: 5238: 5231: 5226: 5220:, p. 117 5219: 5214: 5208: 5203: 5195: 5193:9781438108308 5189: 5185: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5162: 5157: 5149: 5147:9781476608815 5143: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5111: 5103: 5097: 5092: 5086:, p. 676 5085: 5080: 5072: 5066: 5061: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4943: 4928: 4922: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4803: 4795: 4790: 4784:, p. 174 4783: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4735: 4717: 4711: 4700: 4697:Usul al-Din ( 4694: 4690: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4527:Dhu al-Hijjah 4524: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4495:Milad al-Nabi 4493: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4435:Dhu al-Hijjah 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4396: 4393: 4385: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4346: 4343: – 4342: 4338: 4337:Find sources: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4315:This article 4313: 4309: 4304: 4303: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4170: 4167: 4159: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4089: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4015:According to 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983:Sunni Muslims 3980: 3976: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3932: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3852:Dispute over 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3788:There are 56 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3753:Who and where 3750: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3701: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3435: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3376: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354:– loving the 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036:infallibility 3031: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2863:Hasan Ibn Ali 2860: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2805:18th century 2803: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2768: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2475: 2473: 2462: 2453: 2451: 2441: 2432: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2255:According to 2252: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2002: 2001:Bani Nawbakht 1998: 1994: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955:traditionists 1952: 1948: 1947:Bani Nawbakht 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1917: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896:Jurisprudence 1893: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1848: 1844: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818:infallibility 1815: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1499:the promised 1495: 1489: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:Imam al-Mahdi 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1424: 1420: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1372: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1122:Dawoodi Bohra 1120: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 997: 996: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 978:Eid al-Ghadir 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 950: 947: 942: 941: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 858: 852: 851: 847: 843: 842: 838: 830: 824: 823: 813: 808: 806: 801: 799: 794: 793: 791: 790: 787: 782: 777: 776: 768: 765: 763: 760: 759: 752: 751: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 715: 709: 708: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 657: 656: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 633:Kitab al-Kafi 631: 630: 629: 626: 625: 618: 617: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 598:Seghatoleslam 596: 594: 591: 588: 584: 581: 579: 576: 573: 569: 566: 564: 561: 560: 553: 552: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 493: 492: 488: 486: 483: 482: 475: 474: 466: 463: 461: 458: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 444: 441: 440: 433: 432: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 373: 372: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 343: 342: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 285: 281: 276: 275: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 214:Other beliefs 211: 210: 202: 201:Judgement Day 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 178: 174: 169: 168: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 83: 80: 78: 75: 74: 73: 72: 67: 62: 61: 58: 55: 54: 51: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 12594:Shia Muslims 12436:Other orders 12341: / 12334:Nur movement 12305: / 12262:Mirza Ghulam 12193:Tolu-e-Islam 12062:Galibi Order 12060: / 12040:Balım Sultan 12035:Babai revolt 12026:Qalandariyya 12024: / 11926:Mufaḍḍaliyya 11835:Jawārībīyya 11788:Umar ibn Zar 11757:Other Murjīs 11486:Bayhasīyyah 11403:Nuqta-yi Ula 11219:Pir Sadardin 11212: / 11126: / 11122: / 11039: / 11031: / 11018: / 10998: / 10994: / 10990: / 10945: 10847:Zayd ibn Ali 10797: / 10784: / 10735:Ilm al-Kalam 10648: / 10641:Ahl-i Hadith 10509:Umm al-kitab 10507: 10496: 10485: 10478: 10460: 10455: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10407: 10400: 10395:Fihi Ma Fihi 10393: 10386: 10379: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10323: 10063:Twelve Imams 10054: 9982:Ahl-i Hadith 9913:Ibnul Qayyim 9793:(Nazzāmīyya) 9274:Ibn al-Jawzi 9214:Al-Taftazani 9189:Al-Baqillani 8905: 8886: 8877: 8868: 8859: 8842: 8824:Hossein Nasr 8819: 8797: 8771: 8749: 8740: 8728:. Retrieved 8717: 8694: 8675: 8656: 8637: 8618: 8599: 8580: 8561: 8531: 8514: 8492: 8473: 8454: 8435: 8400: 8384:(1): 31–43. 8381: 8375: 8356: 8337: 8317: 8297: 8275: 8256: 8229: 8209: 8188: 8178:the original 8162: 8141: 8123: 8097:. Retrieved 8086: 8074:. Retrieved 8059: 8049: 8037:. Retrieved 8033: 8024: 8012:. Retrieved 8003: 7993: 7981: 7969: 7957: 7945: 7940:, p. 44 7933: 7921: 7909: 7897: 7885: 7880:, p. 97 7873: 7868:, p. 90 7861: 7856:, p. 58 7849: 7844:, p. 35 7837: 7832:, p. 12 7825: 7813: 7801: 7796:, p. 53 7789: 7781: 7776: 7768: 7767:Nasr, Vali, 7763: 7751: 7732: 7723: 7716:Sobhani 2001 7711: 7699: 7687:. Retrieved 7683: 7673: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7630:Sobhani 2001 7625: 7618:Sobhani 2001 7613: 7601:. Retrieved 7597: 7572:. Retrieved 7568: 7544:. Retrieved 7530: 7519:. Retrieved 7515:the original 7505: 7497:the original 7487: 7475:. Retrieved 7471:the original 7461: 7451:29 September 7449:. Retrieved 7445:al-Islam.org 7444: 7435: 7426: 7416: 7404:. 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Retrieved 4814: 4796:, p. 14 4789: 4777: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4710: 4693: 4571: 4505:Mid-Sha'aban 4440: 4403: 4388: 4382:October 2020 4379: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4348: 4336: 4324:Please help 4319:verification 4316: 4276: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4229: 4210: 4206:vali-e faqih 4205: 4188: 4177: 4162: 4153: 4131: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4085: 4070: 4051: 4036: 4014: 3991: 3987:Nikah Misyar 3978: 3972: 3959: 3956:Nikah Mut'ah 3955: 3935: 3934: 3931:Nikah mut'ah 3919: 3911: 3886: 3884: 3880:Ali Khamenei 3873: 3868: 3858: 3853: 3806:Ali Khamenei 3787: 3756: 3744: 3738: 3725: 3724:is known as 3719: 3717: 3708: 3698: 3695: 3688: 3654: 3636: 3618: 3599: 3584: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3554: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3509: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3460: 3445: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3417: 3389: 3382: 3333: 3326:jihād asghār 3325: 3321: 3295: 3281: 3259: 3249: 3218: 3215:Intercession 3205: 3183: 3167: 3151: 3136:Twelve Imams 3093: 3069:Fatima Zahra 3062: 3055: 3048: 3043: 3033: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3004: 2997:, where the 2947: 2921: 2903: 2899: 2881: 2877: 2875: 2855: 2819: 2781: 2763: 2714: 2697: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2468: 2459: 2447: 2438: 2410: 2403: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2368: 2365: 2356: 2352: 2340: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2320:wujud mutlaq 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2257:Hossein Nasr 2254: 2245:Unity of God 2239: 2212: 2186: 2148: 2137: 2096: 2083: 2074: 2068:. Under the 2060:In 1256 the 2059: 2038: 2025: 2018: 2014: 1990: 1975: 1963:Ibn Babawayh 1928: 1914: 1882: 1865: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1751: 1749: 1709: 1698: 1696:خاتم النبيين 1676: 1636:Saudi Arabia 1601: 1586: 1565: 1558: 1543: 1535: 1514: 1498: 1454: 1438: 1430: 1418: 1417: 1309:Umm al-Banin 1038:Second Fitna 918:Intercession 908:Judgment Day 603:Hojatoleslam 541:Ni'matullāhī 516:Qalandariyya 363:Intercession 251:Usul al-fiqh 236:Intercession 92:Twelve Imams 56: 12564:12 (number) 12387:Rashid Rida 12235:Independent 12220:Edip Yüksel 12183:Ahle Qur'an 12134:Nazzāmīyya 12131:Ikhshīdiyya 12118:Huzaylīyya 12109:Bahshamiyya 12085:Mā’marīyya 12077:Rationalism 12022:Malamatiyya 11942:Mānsūrīyya 11888:Khaṭṭābiyya 11819:Mu'shabbiha 11779:Sābit Kutna 11712:Sawbānīyya 11696:Gassānīyya 11680:Gaylānīyya 11674:Other sects 11469:Sa'labīyyah 11466:Maymunīyyah 11443:Arbitration 11325:Khurramites 11289:Sam‘ānīyya 11062:Bābā Rexheb 10992:Shah Ismail 10812:Millî Görüş 10730:Ahl ar-Ra'y 10672:Al-Uthaymin 10593:Kullabiyya 10571:Sunni Islam 10472:Independent 10316:Sunni books 10140:Shaykh Tusi 10113:Ali al-Hadi 10103:Ali al-Rida 10040:Yasir Qadhi 9945:Al-Uthaymin 9935:Rashid Rida 9930:Al-Shawkani 9826:(Jāhizīyya) 9811:(Jubbāīyya) 9715:Jawālikīyya 9569:Ali al-Qari 9484:Al-Sarakhsi 9470:Al-Maturidi 9344:Al-Sha'rani 9324:Ibn Khaldun 9199:Al-Qushayri 9161:Theologians 9142:Metaphysics 9048:Eschatology 9015:Theologians 8743:. Ansaryan. 8099:28 December 8004:independent 7808:, p. 3 7477:26 February 7406:22 December 7200:Leaman 2006 7030:Leaman 2006 7018:Leaman 2006 7006:Leaman 2006 6970:Leaman 2006 6813:Corbin 1993 6304:Martin 2003 5687:Faruki 1965 5426:Martin 2003 4953:The Tribune 4840:Worldometer 4597:Shaykh Tusi 4577:Mulla Sadra 4534:Al-Mubahila 4519:Ghadir Khum 4517:celebrates 4427:Eid al-Adha 4409:Eid ul-Fitr 4223:must be an 4100:Ilm al-Usul 3952:نكاح المتعة 3897:Differences 3863:, died and 3781:(Iran) and 3647:Shia clergy 3356:Ahl al-Bayt 3322:jihād akbār 3284:in Persian. 3124:Hamid Algar 3116:Ann Lambton 3100:Ahl al-Bayt 2923:Ahl al-Bayt 2814:calligraphy 1988:(d. 1067). 1879:Formulation 1852:Imamate era 1740:Terminology 1690:Prophets" ( 1632:Afghanistan 1540:Islamic law 1475:Occultation 1473:, lives in 1451:Shīʿa Islam 1447:إِمَامِيَّة 1239:Ahl al-Kisa 1154:Qutbi Bohra 1149:Alavi Bohra 1127:Progressive 1053:Persecution 1033:First Fitna 988:Omar Koshan 973:Eid al-Adha 968:Eid al-Fitr 871:Prophethood 712:Sources of 648:Al-Istibsar 556:Scholarship 511:Malamatiyya 489:Sufism and 376:Holy cities 241:Occultation 191:Prophethood 12553:Categories 12431:Süleymancı 12339:Said Nursî 12298:Mahdavīyya 12249:Messianism 12153:Sumamīyya 12143:Hābītīyya 12031:Baba Ishak 11973:Saba'īyya 11960:Mukhāmmīsa 11951:Mughīrīyya 11938:Ghurābīyya 11900:Bāzīghiyya 11868:Bārāq Bābā 11847:Hulmānīyya 11744:Ziyādīyya 11736:Ubaydīyya 11728:Shamrīyya 11720:Sālehīyya 11704:Tūmanīyya 11688:Yūnusīyya 11649:Sauwāqīyya 11625:Hakāiqīyya 11609:Karrāmīyya 11599:Hanafiyyah 11453:Kharijites 11391:Nuktawiyya 11342:al-Muqanna 11320:Muḥammirah 11308:Abu Muslim 11304:Rezāmīyya 11279:Hārithīyya 11271:Janāhiyya 11261:Hashimiyya 11235:Kaysanites 11182:Badakhshan 11115:Qarmatians 11102:Batiniyyah 11082:Isma'ilism 11053:Demir Bābā 11048:Baktāshism 11041:Bektashism 11020:ibn Nusayr 11016:al-Khaṣībī 11000:Kul Nesîmî 10996:Pir Sultan 10901:Khalafiyya 10896:Dukayniyya 10830:Shia Islam 10772:Maturidism 10694:Madkhalism 10597:Ibn Kullab 10420:Shia books 9970:Madkhalism 9870:Najjārīyya 9760:al-Qībtī ( 9734:Karramiyya 9730:Ibn Karram 9686:Mu'jassimā 9574:Al-Maydani 9564:Ali Qushji 9489:Al-Bazdawi 9465:Maturidism 9450:Al-Shafi'i 9319:Al-Baydawi 9279:Qadi Ayyad 9254:Ibn Tumart 9209:Al-Ghazali 9194:Al-Juwayni 9184:Al-Bayhaqi 9175:al-Ash'ari 9147:Philosophy 9068:Philosophy 8558:Nasr, Vali 8076:24 October 8039:17 October 7938:Black 2011 7926:Vaezi 2004 7914:Vaezi 2004 7902:Vaezi 2004 7890:Vaezi 2004 7878:Vaezi 2004 7866:Vaezi 2004 7854:Vaezi 2004 7842:Vaezi 2004 7830:Vaezi 2004 7818:Vaezi 2004 7794:Vaezi 2004 7603:13 October 7574:13 October 7546:2018-08-19 7521:2018-08-19 7383:Momen 1985 7371:Momen 1985 7224:Rizvi 1992 7212:Momen 1985 6916:Jasim 1982 6898:Algar 1990 6849:Algar 1990 6598:2020-12-10 6365:0871966298 6354:. p. 6204:2007-11-06 6176:Campo 2009 5699:Campo 2009 5549:Momen 1985 5496:Vaezi 2004 5364:Black 2011 5335:2015-05-29 5161:Momen 2015 5084:Campo 2009 5051:2021-09-29 5008:2010-07-21 4983:2010-07-21 4959:2010-07-21 4933:2010-06-21 4912:2010-06-21 4885:2020-10-29 4815:WorldAtlas 4794:Weiss 2006 4782:Momen 1985 4703:اصول الدین 4680:References 4668:Shia Islam 4562:See also: 4352:newspapers 4267:See also: 4133:neutrality 4043:Following 3985:recognize 3848:in Najaf. 3709:usulu 'din 3677:literature 3569:al-ghanima 3526:treasures. 3077:infallible 3044:as-Sakinah 3010:in Syria. 3001:took place 2956:, was the 2918:infallible 2760:Revelation 2730:Al-Qazwini 2704:Tabataba'i 2494:Holy sites 2308:returns to 2304:comes from 2010:revelation 1911:Organizing 1841:See also: 1744:See also: 1706:abrogation 1681:, but the 1640:Bangladesh 1616:Azerbaijan 1546:) and the 1517:successors 1294:Umm Salama 1278:Holy women 866:Holy Books 861:Monotheism 837:Shia Islam 526:Bektashism 181:Monotheism 173:Principles 50:Shia Islam 12359:Modernism 12291:Sabbatean 12279:Kabbalist 12257:Ahmadiyya 12188:Kala Kato 12161:Kā‘bīyya 12092:Bishriyya 12072:Muʿtazila 12000:al-Juhani 11993:Qadariyah 11863:Kalandars 11843:Hāshwīyya 11731:Abū Shamr 11664:Zarībīyya 11661:Wāhidīyya 11652:Sūramīyya 11646:Razīnīyya 11622:Dhīmmīyya 11591:Hasan ibn 11565:Wahbiyyah 11512:Abu Qurra 11438:Muhakkima 11382:Hurufiyya 11369:Mahdiists 11284:Riyāhīyya 11265:Hārbīyya 11206:Aga Khans 11201:Assassins 11164:Sulaymani 11128:ad-Darazi 11066:Hārābātīs 10983:Qizilbash 10976:Shaykhism 10852:Jarudiyya 10763:Al-Ahbash 10744:Ash'arism 10677:Al-Albani 10657:Wahhabism 10502:Ahmadiyya 10443:Al-Khisal 10353:Al-Irshad 10308:Key books 9955:Al-Albani 9923:Wahhabism 9777:Mu'tazila 9766:Qadariyah 9644:Mu'attila 9559:Ibn Kemal 9554:Khidr Bey 9434:Hanafiyah 9369:Al-Bahūtī 9364:Ibn Ashir 9329:Ibn Arafa 9224:Ibn Furak 9219:Al-Maziri 9170:Ash'arism 9137:Cosmology 9114:Cosmology 9109:Astronomy 9081:Education 8851:311256759 8523:909092922 8438:. BRILL. 8421:cite book 8034:muslim.sg 8014:11 August 7950:Halm 1997 7394:see also 7359:Nasr 2002 7347:Nasr 2002 7335:Nasr 2002 7299:Nasr 2007 7284:Nasr 2007 7188:Nasr 2007 7164:Nasr 2007 7137:Nasr 2007 7066:Nasr 2007 6716:145679335 6681:162260813 6673:1471-6380 6634:294908077 6323:Nasr 2000 6194:"Shi'ite" 6020:Nasr 2008 6008:Nasr 2008 5996:Nasr 2008 5984:Nasr 2008 5795:Nasr 2002 5594:Nasr 2006 5520:Nasr 2000 5484:Halm 1997 5472:Halm 1997 5218:Nasr 2007 4769:2228-6454 4730:Citations 4673:Zaidiyyah 4544:Fatimiyya 4467:martyrdom 4455:martyrdom 4195:Ayatollah 4144:talk page 4096:principle 3771:clergymen 3705:the Mahdi 3488:The term 3280:, called 2871:in hiding 2542:Jerusalem 2507:location 2504:sanctuary 2306:God, and 2286:However, 2165:dynasty. 2127:Mir Damad 2099:Isma'il I 1999:who used 1993:Muhaddith 1943:free will 1939:Mu'tazila 1862:Emergence 1822:Ismā'īlīs 1810:Imamiyyah 1750:The term 1488:romanized 1329:Shahrbanu 1214:Qizilbash 737:Consensus 583:Ayatollah 501:Safaviyya 496:Qizilbash 418:Kadhimiya 408:Jerusalem 280:Practices 151:al-Askari 116:al-Sajjad 12476:Tawakkul 12443:Tawassul 12405:Taṣawwuf 12327:doctrine 12175:Quranism 11964:Namiriya 11593:Muḥāmmad 11586:Murji'ah 11300:Rawendis 11223:Satpanth 11144:Musta'li 11139:Fatimids 11037:Hurufism 11024:Alawites 10929:Sects in 10921:Mahdiist 10857:Batriyya 10803:Deobandi 10754:Shafi'is 10689:Jihadism 10636:Salafism 10604:Hanbalis 10585:Atharism 10498:Malfūzāt 10436:Al-Amali 10033:Hazimism 9745:Murji'ah 9669:Jahmīyya 9657:Mu'jbira 9249:Ibn Aqil 8818:(1979). 8792:(2001). 8770:(1988). 8730:19 April 8724:Archived 8560:(1988). 8513:(1985). 8390:20832784 8296:(1989). 8255:(1993). 8132:37509593 8122:(1982). 8057:(1999). 8008:Archived 7684:BBC News 7540:Archived 7401:Al-Islam 6508:(2003). 6478:(1985). 6348:New York 6338:(1984). 5326:"امامیه" 5025:Archived 4611:See also 4605:Al-Hilli 4509:Sha'aban 4481:Damascus 4473:Arba'een 4298:Calendar 4156:May 2015 4137:disputed 4056:Abu Bakr 4027:and the 3964:marriage 3832:in Qom; 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