359:– one up from the 1962 and 1963 performance in English Canada. Bennett, leader of the party's second-most powerful provincial branch, cut off his party's financial and organizational support to the federal party in order to pressure the national Social Credit Party to reconcile with Caouette's wing. Meanwhile, the Alberta wing also failed to give its federal counterpart material and organizational support. Manning, was concerned at the leftward drift of Canadian politics and urged Thompson to negotiate a merger between Social Credit and
216:). Dr. Marcoux rejoined the Social Credit Party and announced his loyalty to Thompson. (Marcoux had never stated his reasons for quitting the party, but said that the reasons had now been removed.) This left the Thompson faction with 11 MPs, the Caouette faction with ten, and three MPs who had not announced. The Ralliement's riding executive in Marcoux's QuebecâMontmorency riding called for his resignation, saying that he had "betrayed us, has lost our confidence forever, and for the last time we ask him to resign."
271:, declared his support for Caouette, bringing the Ralliement caucus to 13. The Thompson faction was now reduced to 11 MPs, one less than the minimum for a party to be a recognized group in the Commons, which meant that Caouetteâand not Thompsonâwould receive an extra $ 4,000 per year in compensation (worth about $ 29,700 in 2011 dollars), and be given priority in speaking in the House. As a measure of how much the party's dynamics had changed, seven of the Social Credit Party's 11 MPs were from Quebec.
97:. Whatever the case, when the party returned to Parliament Hill in the 1962 election, its dynamics were greatly altered. Of the 29 Social Credit MPs, only fourâincluding Thompsonâcame from the party's traditional heartland in western Canada. The other 25 came from Quebec, including Caouette. More or less by default, Caouette became the party's deputy leader.
286:, had supported Caouette's bid for the leadership of the national party in 1960. However, following the split, Bennett declared his support for Thompson, albeit in a less than convincing way: âI am for making unity, not disunity. Whatâs-his-name was elected national leader at the national convention and he is the national leader.â
220:
be determined by a national convention. They announced that they would establish a new branch of the
National Social Credit Association in Quebec to replace Caouette's Ralliement des créditistes, which had been serving in that role. They also said that they expected that they would be expelled from the Ralliement.
51:, but all but four of its 30 MPs came from Quebec. Under the circumstances, Thompson was all but forced to name Caouette as deputy leader of the party. The relationship was strained, however, and the strain was exacerbated when the party failed to make any gains in its old heartland of the Prairies in the
346:
views, but maintained that he wanted to work within the spirit and letter of
Confederation: âLet us not burn our bridges. It is not the time for le Ralliement des crĂ©ditistes to be separatists, but rather to win recognition for the French fact within Canada.â Caouette said that he would fight for the
259:
Caouette again called for a new national convention of the Social Credit Party of Canada to choose a new leader, and announced that the
Thompson loyalists in the Quebec caucus would not be expelled from the Ralliement des creditistes. Caouette said that Thompson did not care about the French Canadian
219:
The
Thompson loyalists said that they had been elected to work in the interests of party policies throughout the country under Thompson's leadership, and that that mandate would remain intact until the next election. Further, they said that the positions of party leader and deputy leader could only
172:
On the
Saturday of the convention, Caouette had given a 90-minute speech in which he described Thompson as a âmarionetteâ for Manning. He also dropped a bombshell: he claimed that in 1960, ten minutes before the leadership vote, Manning had instructed him to âtell your people to vote for Thompson
385:. Caouette was elected as the reunified party's leader. However, the party's dynamics had been permanently altered. It would never win another seat in English Canada, and went into headlong decline after Caouette's death in 1976. The party lost its remaining seats in 1980, never to return.
223:
Caouette met with 14 Quebec Socred MPs on 2 September 1963 to start work on creating the new party, saying, âEventually we will attempt to make this a national party and take it across Canada to protect French
Canadians in every province.â His faction now included Charles Gauthier
176:
Thompson's response to the split in his party was limited at first: âQuebec doesnât quite run me yet, nor the country.â The following day, he said that the Social Credit Party would now have wider acceptance throughout Canada than it had before because of
Caouette's departure.
116:, held on 1 September 1963. The 600 delegates in attendance voted to establish a new party. The vote was held after virtually no discussion by a show of hands. Approximately three-quarters of the delegates supported the motion to:
347:
recognition of French Canada's aspirations within
Confederation on the basis of a partnership with the other nine provinces, âBut if this partnership cannot be brought about, I shall become the more ardent separatist in Quebec.â
293:
called âSocial Credit Actionâ. This group had split from the
Ontario wing of the party over its refusal to campaign aggressively in provincial elections. Social Credit Action, led by James Audy, the party's former candidate in
298:
riding, and by David
Hartman, also of Toronto, announced its support for Caouette. Audy blamed the split on Thompson, saying that he only wanted to keep power for Manning. While Audy was announced by Caouette as leader of the
108:
considered Caouette, not Thompson, to be their true leader. Eventually, Caouette came to believe that since the party was strongest in Quebec nationally, he should be its leader. However, Thompson refused to give way.
100:
Thompson and Caouette never got along very well, and their relationship became even chillier after the 1963 election. The party held onto all of its seats in Quebec, but lost four seats in English Canada.
134:
After the vote, 16 of the party's 19 Quebec MPs met to consider approval of the motion. Ten of the MPs approved it immediately, while six deferred approval pending discussions with their constituents.
377:
to join the Liberals. The next year, Thompson himself joined the Tories with the open support of both Manning and Stanfield. The three remaining Social Credit MPs lost their seats in the
382:
40:
381:, leaving Caouette's party as the sole representative of the Canadian social credit movement in the House of Commons. This cleared the way for the two parties to reunite at the
55:. Only Thompson and three others were elected outside of Quebec, while 20 Socreds were elected in Quebec. The two factions of the party were not re-united until October 1971.
799:
169:
Caouette then gave a 55-minute speech to the convention saying that the results were the basis for forming an âefficient national Social Credit movementâ.
90:
as party leader. At the ensuing leadership convention, Caouette lost to Thompson, who had the support of the leader of the party's most powerful branch,
260:
view of politics, and was afraid of embracing social credit doctrine, for which there was more support in Quebec than in the rest of Canada.
955:
657:
131:
The convention also voted to appoint a ten-member committee to consider forming an affiliated party to contest provincial elections.
364:
68:
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603:
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adherent since 1939, did much to build a strong base for the movement in Quebec while it was out of Parliament. He founded the
1008:
753:
237:
197:
193:
717:
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213:
256:), in addition to Latulippe and Dionne. Caouette was elected parliamentary leader and Gregoire was elected House Leader.
773:
727:
1018:
794:
763:
290:
339:, attended the annual meeting of the Quebec wing as an observer, and was seen talking to groups of young delegates.
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332:
629:
576:
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The rejection of Thompson's leadership by the Quebec wing of the party was supported by a group of rebels in the
722:
378:
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304:
64:
52:
48:
342:
For his part, Caouette walked a thin line between federalism and separatism. He made no secret of his strong
804:
712:
566:
229:
225:
21:
571:
355:
Thompson's Social Credit Party continued to stagnate, electing only five MPs to the House of Commons in the
180:
On 2 September 1963, seven Quebec MPs announced that they would be supporting Caouette's breakaway faction:
86:
as the party's Quebec branch. By 1961, his following had grown to the point that he felt he should succeed
28:
667:
637:
295:
307:. In that election, Caouette's party only ran two candidates outside of Quebec, Raymond Berthiaume in the
748:
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707:
596:
283:
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44:
682:
63:
The Social Credit Party had been represented in Parliament in one form or another from 1935 until the
687:
439:
Montreal Gazette, 11 September 1963, "Vote of Quebec MP to Caouette's group Gives Power Balance", p.1
312:
31:. The split had its roots in a long-standing dispute between the de facto leader of the Ralliement,
1013:
692:
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1023:
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Dufresne, Bernard, â7 in Quebec Give Support to Thompsonâ, Globe and Mail, 3 September 1963, p. 1
185:
978:
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won the biggest majority government in Canadian history. All 19 Socred MPs lost their seats.
147:
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477:
47:, Thompson defeated Caouette for the leadership. The party returned to Parliament in the
8:
702:
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889:
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929:
448:
Dufresne, Bernard, âIn the Separatist Shadowâ, Globe and Mail, 3 September 1963, p. 7
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in 1963, had left the Socred caucus to sit as an âindependent Social Creditâ MP.)
32:
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127:(MPs) to name a parliamentary leader until a leadership convention could be held.
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they again stood a candidate in Restigouche but nowhere else outside of Quebec.
112:
Matters came to a head at the annual meeting of the Quebec wing of the party in
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Globe and Mail, â7 in Quebec Give Support to Thompsonâ, 3 September 1963, p. 1
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because the West will never accept a Roman Catholic French Canadian leaderâ.
79:
536:
Dufresne, âIn the Separatist Shadowâ, Globe and Mail, 3 September 1963, p. 7
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919:
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466:
Globe and Mail, âCreditiste MPs Outweigh Socredsâ, 11 September 1963, p.41
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909:
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515:
Globe and Mail, âBennett Forgets âWhatâs His Nameââ, 6 September 1963
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There is evidence that support for the split came, in part, from a
581:
405:
Dufresne, Bernard, âQuebecâs Socreds vote to Disown Thompsonâ,
17:
43:, held two years after the party lost all of its seats in the
523:
521:
518:
315:, both ridings with large francophone populations. In the
800:
Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
331:
element in the party. Yvan Piche, chief organizer of the
435:
433:
274:
120:no longer recognize Thompson as party leader; and
1000:
545:"Socred leader resigns, lack of support cited",
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367:. Thompson attempted this but was unsuccessful.
162:, who had been elected as a Social Credit MP in
597:
394:
604:
590:
475:
966:Social Credit Party of Canada split, 1963
658:Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform
370:Facing the loss of their seats, in 1967,
322:
956:1937 Social Credit backbenchers' revolt
58:
1001:
754:Democratic Labour Party (New Zealand)
585:
478:"Bank of Canada inflation calculator"
303:s Ontario wing he did not run in the
718:Social Credit Party of New Brunswick
643:British Columbia Social Credit Party
84:Ralliement des créditistes du Canada
774:Solomon Islands Social Credit Party
728:Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan
506:Montreal Gazette, 11 September 1963
158:) did not attend the meeting. (Dr.
35:, and the party's national leader,
27:off from the national party as the
13:
14:
1035:
795:Irish Monetary Reform Association
764:Social Credit Party (New Zealand)
611:
497:Globe and Mail, 11 September 1963
291:Ontario Social Credit Association
196:), Chapdelaine, Gerard Ouelette (
698:Ralliement créditiste du Québec
577:Canadian social credit movement
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805:Social Credit Party of Ireland
723:Social Credit Party of Ontario
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275:Reaction in the rest of Canada
1:
1009:Social Credit Party of Canada
713:Social Credit Party of Canada
567:Social Credit Party of Canada
383:1971 Social Credit convention
350:
22:Social Credit Party of Canada
668:Manitoba Social Credit Party
638:Abolitionist Party of Canada
335:, a separatist party led by
7:
749:Country Party (New Zealand)
744:Australian League of Rights
708:Alberta Social Credit Party
555:
527:Dufresne, 2 September 1963.
284:Premier of British Columbia
10:
1040:
572:Ralliement des créditistes
457:Dufresne, 3 September 1963
311:and Joseph-Hurgel Dubé in
45:House of Commons of Canada
41:1960 leadership convention
29:Ralliement des créditistes
1019:1963 in Canadian politics
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688:Pilgrims of Saint Michael
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365:Progressive Conservatives
69:Progressive Conservatives
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683:Parti crédit social uni
678:Pauper Party of Ontario
409:, 2 September 1963, p.1
123:ask the party's Quebec
961:Prosperity certificate
790:British People's Party
653:Christian Credit Party
263:On 10 September 1963,
693:Ralliement créditiste
379:1968 federal election
357:1965 federal election
323:A separatist element?
317:1968 federal election
313:RestigoucheâMadawaska
305:1965 federal election
252:), Raymond Langlois (
152:Charles-Eugene Dionne
125:Members of Parliament
53:1963 federal election
49:1962 federal election
845:John Horne Blackmore
759:Douglas Credit Party
248:), L.-P. Boulanger (
236:), Gilbert Rondeau (
228:), Gilles Gregoire (
59:Founding a new party
703:Social Credit Board
190:Jean-Louis Frenette
890:Robert A. Heinlein
309:GlengarryâPrescott
240:), Pierre Boulin (
232:), Gerard Perron (
164:QuebecâMontmorency
136:Gerard Chapdelaine
37:Robert N. Thompson
996:
995:
930:Manasseh Sogavare
813:
812:
480:. Bankofcanada.ca
375:crossed the floor
333:Parti républicain
329:Quebec separatist
148:ComptonâFrontenac
39:. At the party's
1031:
988:
981:
860:Vernon Cracknell
840:W. A. C. Bennett
825:William Aberhart
769:Social Credit-NZ
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280:W. A. C. Bennett
73:John Diefenbaker
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144:Henri Latulippe
92:Alberta Premier
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12:
11:
5:
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1024:1963 in Quebec
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265:Lucien Plourde
244:), R. Beaulé (
206:Lac-Saint-Jean
202:Marcel Lessard
129:
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114:Granby, Quebec
95:Ernest Manning
88:Solon Earl Low
60:
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855:RĂ©al Caouette
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835:Bruce Beetham
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65:1958 election
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34:
33:RĂ©al Caouette
30:
26:
23:
19:
16:In 1963, the
965:
935:Ken Sweigard
920:Al Overfield
648:Canada Party
546:
541:
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511:
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482:. Retrieved
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182:Maurice Coté
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78:Caouette, a
77:
62:
24:
20:wing of the
15:
940:John Turmel
880:Ron Gostick
875:A. N. Field
850:Eric Butler
344:nationalist
301:Ralliement'
269:Quebec West
160:Guy Marcoux
106:créditistes
104:The Quebec
67:, when the
1003:Categories
925:Ezra Pound
910:Roly Marks
870:Louis Even
484:2012-01-07
351:Resolution
250:Charlevoix
246:Quebec Est
242:Dorchester
186:Chicoutimi
156:Kamouraska
140:Sherbrooke
622:Movements
372:Bud Olson
267:, MP for
987:Politics
980:Category
556:See also
254:Megantic
238:Shefford
230:Lapointe
226:Roberval
198:Rimouski
194:Portneuf
949:History
737:Oceania
296:Spadina
214:Labelle
818:People
783:Europe
630:Canada
234:Beauce
208:) and
150:) and
71:under
18:Quebec
389:Notes
25:split
363:'s
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1005::
520:^
432:^
396:^
605:e
598:t
591:v
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