110:
130:
3982:
402:
may be palmate to reticulate. A pair of tendrils often appear near the base of the petiole. The inflorescence type for members of this family is an umbel. The flowers are inconspicuous, radial and unisexual. The flowers are made of 6 tepals, 6 stamens and 3 carpels. The fruit type of all members of
Smilacaceae is a berry. The number of seeds per berry is 1–3. Nectaries are located at the base of the tepals.
725:
401:
Members of this family can be herbaceous to "woody" vines. They grow from their rhizomes and are often armed with prickles on the stems and/or leaves. Leaves are alternate and simple; and entire to spinose-serrate. Some members of this family have coriaceous (leathery) leaves. Venation of the leaves
323:
and the two genera are now merged. This results in Smilax being the only genus in
Smilacaceae with about 210 known species. The family occurs throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Members of this family typically have woody roots and a climbing or vining form. Some have
270:. One characteristic that distinguishes Smilacaceae from most of the other members of the Liliaceae-like Liliales is that it has true vessels in its conducting tissue. Another is that the veins of the leaves, between major veins, are reticulate (net-shaped), rather than parallel as in most
225:
656:"Phylogenetics, character evolution, and distribution patterns of the greenbriers, Smilacaceae (Liliales), a near-cosmopolitan family of monocots"
4218:
4257:
757:
362:(1997) recognized this family and placed it in the order Smilacales, in subclass Liliidae which is placed as in the Cronquist system.
4166:
805:
660:
4231:
4179:
4062:
4416:
4236:
109:
654:
Qi, Zhechen; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Li, Pan; Zhao, Yunpeng; Chen, Shichao; Chen, Guangcun; Fu, Chengxin (December 2013).
750:
687:
4378:
4347:
4262:
4205:
4311:
4342:
513:
4244:
784:
3985:
810:
800:
743:
729:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4049:
569:
596:
129:
4411:
4306:
4145:
682:
Castner, James L. Photographic Atlas of Botany and Guide to Plant
Identification. Feline Press. 2004. (
548:
4184:
205:
4383:
4272:
565:
492:
710:
795:
4298:
4140:
4002:
483:
4293:
4223:
4040:
4285:
4406:
4158:
4101:
366:
8:
628:
4132:
735:
414:
and nearly indistinguishable vegetatively, their flowers differ markedly. The flower of
4365:
4153:
3825:
3043:
2935:
2559:
1046:
790:
124:
481:
would then be left with only plants of a woody, vining form with thorns. However, the
4280:
4088:
3782:
3581:
3133:
2993:
2922:
2845:
2726:
2612:
2529:
1894:
885:
821:
683:
655:
552:
4370:
3666:
3656:
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3596:
3372:
3302:
3277:
3224:
2998:
2988:
2751:
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2632:
2607:
2353:
2258:
2225:
2015:
1929:
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1800:
1762:
1670:
1334:
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336:
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2020:
1909:
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1314:
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389:
255:
167:
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3883:
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3835:
3787:
3754:
3744:
3739:
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3611:
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3543:
3428:
3342:
3282:
3272:
3176:
3078:
3013:
3003:
2963:
2945:
2746:
2673:
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2423:
2378:
2313:
2288:
2263:
2207:
2121:
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1836:
1772:
1629:
1521:
1498:
1460:
1437:
1427:
1230:
1092:
1031:
895:
613:
418:
is fused into a deep bottle-shaped tube containing prominent nectaries and its
154:
4400:
4025:
3921:
3850:
3820:
3797:
3792:
3777:
3729:
3696:
3691:
3626:
3420:
3405:
3352:
3332:
3292:
3287:
3267:
3229:
3181:
3128:
3118:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3038:
2953:
2930:
2912:
2880:
2865:
2827:
2731:
2711:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2549:
2544:
2524:
2509:
2471:
2466:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2348:
2328:
2303:
2293:
2194:
2116:
2096:
2035:
2030:
2010:
1944:
1914:
1874:
1782:
1777:
1724:
1594:
1556:
1531:
1503:
1488:
1432:
1412:
1407:
1324:
1291:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1182:
1152:
1084:
1051:
1041:
1008:
998:
988:
857:
839:
771:
382:
359:
352:
283:
180:
62:
4324:
3860:
3855:
3840:
3830:
3769:
3651:
3636:
3606:
3563:
3553:
3507:
3484:
3474:
3446:
3347:
3327:
3297:
3239:
3186:
3108:
3063:
3023:
2978:
2968:
2958:
2850:
2819:
2784:
2769:
2683:
2678:
2584:
2338:
2333:
2298:
2278:
2253:
2240:
2230:
2202:
2159:
2154:
2111:
2078:
2063:
2025:
2002:
1939:
1934:
1919:
1884:
1866:
1818:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1619:
1579:
1513:
1493:
1483:
1475:
1442:
1402:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1281:
1276:
1240:
1157:
1036:
993:
890:
867:
831:
465:
Some taxonomists separate the herbaceous plants native to North
America in
370:
305:
238:
4192:
4034:
3815:
3711:
3671:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3461:
3410:
3362:
3357:
3337:
3317:
3244:
3171:
3113:
3068:
3008:
2973:
2870:
2860:
2804:
2716:
2655:
2650:
2602:
2574:
2554:
2514:
2496:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2363:
2358:
2323:
2217:
2174:
2149:
2073:
2045:
2040:
1879:
1856:
1841:
1810:
1729:
1604:
1584:
1546:
1397:
1392:
1369:
1296:
1286:
1192:
1187:
1139:
1056:
980:
965:
942:
937:
862:
849:
597:"The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase"
37:
3898:
3888:
3865:
3749:
3686:
3621:
3548:
3525:
3451:
3397:
3307:
3161:
3148:
3123:
3103:
2855:
2837:
2809:
2779:
2774:
2706:
2665:
2642:
2579:
2569:
2519:
2504:
2433:
2388:
2373:
2283:
2184:
2164:
2126:
2106:
1828:
1734:
1614:
1599:
1589:
1319:
1268:
1207:
1162:
1013:
970:
929:
920:
348:
287:
82:
47:
674:
537:
1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's
Medizinal-Pflanzen
4197:
4127:
4114:
3906:
3875:
3807:
3676:
3535:
3517:
3469:
3438:
3367:
3312:
3249:
3234:
3219:
3156:
3138:
3073:
3048:
2885:
2789:
2741:
2721:
2368:
2273:
2248:
1719:
1711:
1609:
1574:
1551:
1541:
1526:
1465:
1422:
1382:
1359:
1129:
1061:
952:
701:: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
455:
411:
267:
263:
259:
99:
87:
31:
4210:
4171:
3996:
262:, most recent botanists have accepted the two as distinct families,
4319:
4019:
3759:
3681:
3591:
3573:
3322:
3259:
3211:
3201:
3058:
2875:
2761:
2736:
2698:
2539:
2408:
2393:
2179:
2169:
2144:
2101:
2068:
1977:
1904:
1701:
1684:
1536:
1452:
1306:
1121:
1111:
1023:
459:
378:
374:
344:
340:
299:
291:
190:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
4119:
258:. While they were often assigned to a more broadly defined family
3721:
3387:
2486:
2441:
2136:
2088:
2055:
1969:
1693:
1639:
1147:
698:
594:
473:
439:
271:
92:
67:
1992:
1959:
1566:
1377:
724:
467:
419:
311:
232:
290:, of 1998), recognizes this family and places it in the order
4106:
447:
443:
339:, of 1981, recognized this family and placed it in the order
295:
141:
557:. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
451:
325:
704:
765:
430:
is a much larger and more widely distributed genus than
369:
also recognized this family, and placed it in the order
324:
woody vining stems, often with thorns, while others are
551:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
392:
treated it as did the Thorne system (1992): see above.
588:
221:
576:
595:Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016).
4398:
426:are typically small with unfused floral parts.
422:are connected at the bottom, whereas flowers of
696:in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
1661:
751:
477:, which is known for its malodorous flowers.
266:around 55 million years ago during the Early
1083:
554:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
511:
758:
744:
108:
673:
612:
303:. Earlier it was a family of two genera,
661:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
653:
582:
331:Other placements of the family include:
3199:
4399:
1968:
546:
4001:
4000:
1957:
739:
4348:23a7df2d-2b00-421b-bc32-f850db32180b
4273:b1fd9b0c-d441-4a2a-a4cd-892cf044ed6e
505:
13:
4312:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126730-1
396:
315:, but DNA studies have shown that
254:, the greenbriers, is a family of
14:
4428:
717:
495:'s Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
3981:
3980:
723:
699:The families of flowering plants
128:
35:
646:
462:, and the surrounding islands.
629:"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website"
621:
607:(3). Magnolia Press: 201–217.
540:
531:
286:, of 2003 (unchanged from the
1:
498:
518:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
512:Stevens, P. F. (2001–2012).
328:above ground and thornless.
7:
4417:Paleogene first appearances
570:Harvard University Herbaria
277:
10:
4433:
614:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
547:Holmes, Walter C. (2002).
381:(monocotyledons) of class
16:Family of flowering plants
4009:
3976:
3938:
3920:
3897:
3874:
3806:
3768:
3720:
3709:
3572:
3534:
3516:
3498:
3460:
3437:
3419:
3396:
3385:
3258:
3210:
3147:
2944:
2921:
2910:
2836:
2818:
2760:
2697:
2664:
2641:
2593:
2495:
2484:
2432:
2239:
2216:
2193:
2135:
2087:
2054:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1865:
1854:
1827:
1809:
1791:
1743:
1710:
1692:
1683:
1652:
1565:
1512:
1474:
1451:
1368:
1305:
1267:
1239:
1221:
1138:
1120:
1105:
1074:
1022:
979:
951:
928:
919:
908:
876:
848:
830:
819:
779:
566:Missouri Botanical Garden
564:– via eFloras.org,
493:Missouri Botanical Garden
405:
217:
212:
125:Scientific classification
123:
116:
107:
23:
118:Smilax aristolochiifolia
4355:Watson & Dallwitz:
705:http://delta-intkey.com
703:Version: 9 March 2006.
568:, St. Louis, MO &
484:Flora of North America
442:which are confined to
410:While both genera are
4294:Paleobiology Database
732:at Wikimedia Commons
711:links at CSDL, Texas
367:Thorne system (1992)
487:does not recognise
3826:Pentaphragmataceae
3044:Stegnospermataceae
2936:Berberidopsidaceae
2560:Pentadiplandraceae
1047:Atherospermataceae
4412:Liliales families
4394:
4393:
4281:Open Tree of Life
4003:Taxon identifiers
3994:
3993:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3783:Cardiopteridaceae
3705:
3704:
3582:Plocospermataceae
3381:
3380:
3195:
3194:
3134:Anacampserotaceae
2994:Ancistrocladaceae
2923:Berberidopsidales
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2846:Biebersteiniaceae
2727:Sphaerosepalaceae
2613:Strasburgeriaceae
2530:Setchellanthaceae
2480:
2479:
1953:
1952:
1895:Cercidiphyllaceae
1850:
1849:
1679:
1678:
1648:
1647:
1101:
1100:
1070:
1069:
904:
903:
886:Austrobaileyaceae
728:Media related to
675:10.1111/boj.12096
249:
248:
226:Majanthemophyllum
208:
4424:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4373:
4361:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4338:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4315:
4314:
4302:
4301:
4289:
4288:
4276:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4252:
4250:NHMSYS0000066737
4240:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4213:
4201:
4200:
4188:
4187:
4175:
4174:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4030:
4029:
4028:
3998:
3997:
3984:
3983:
3718:
3717:
3667:Thomandersiaceae
3657:Lentibulariaceae
3617:Scrophulariaceae
3597:Tetrachondraceae
3394:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3373:Mitrastemonaceae
3303:Pentaphylacaceae
3278:Tetrameristaceae
3225:Hydrostachyaceae
3208:
3207:
3197:
3196:
2999:Rhabdodendraceae
2989:Dioncophyllaceae
2919:
2918:
2752:Dipterocarpaceae
2689:Dipentodontaceae
2633:Crossosomataceae
2608:Geissolomataceae
2493:
2492:
2354:Chrysobalanaceae
2259:Ctenolophonaceae
2226:Lepidobotryaceae
2016:Anisophylleaceae
1999:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1930:Tetracarpaeaceae
1925:Aphanopetalaceae
1900:Daphniphyllaceae
1863:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1801:Trochodendraceae
1763:Circaeasteraceae
1690:
1689:
1671:Ceratophyllaceae
1659:
1658:
1335:Alstroemeriaceae
1198:Potamogetonaceae
1173:Scheuchzeriaceae
1168:Hydrocharitaceae
1118:
1117:
1081:
1080:
961:Aristolochiaceae
926:
925:
917:
916:
878:Austrobaileyales
828:
827:
824:
822:Basalangiosperms
806:Acrogymnospermae
768:flowering plants
760:
753:
746:
737:
736:
727:
679:
677:
640:
639:
637:
635:
625:
619:
618:
616:
592:
586:
580:
574:
573:
572:, Cambridge, MA.
563:
562:
544:
538:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
491:, nor does the
438:has only twelve
337:Cronquist system
319:has arisen from
256:flowering plants
223:
204:
133:
132:
112:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4356:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4310:
4305:
4297:
4292:
4284:
4279:
4271:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4191:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4005:
3995:
3990:
3952:
3948:Paracryphiaceae
3934:
3916:
3893:
3870:
3802:
3764:
3735:Torricelliaceae
3714:
3701:
3602:Calceolariaceae
3587:Carlemanniaceae
3568:
3530:
3512:
3494:
3456:
3433:
3415:
3390:
3377:
3254:
3204:
3191:
3167:Balanophoraceae
3143:
3054:Lophiocarpaceae
3034:Achatocarpaceae
3029:Caryophyllaceae
3019:Macarthuriaceae
2984:Drosophyllaceae
2940:
2915:
2890:
2832:
2814:
2800:Crypteroniaceae
2795:Melastomataceae
2756:
2693:
2660:
2637:
2595:Crossosomatales
2589:
2565:Gyrostemonaceae
2535:Koeberliniaceae
2489:
2476:
2428:
2419:Picrodendraceae
2384:Lacistemataceae
2344:Dichapetalaceae
2319:Centroplacaceae
2309:Lophopyxidaceae
2269:Erythroxylaceae
2235:
2212:
2189:
2131:
2083:
2050:
2021:Corynocarpaceae
1995:
1982:
1962:
1949:
1910:Grossulariaceae
1859:
1846:
1823:
1805:
1793:Trochodendrales
1787:
1768:Lardizabalaceae
1739:
1706:
1675:
1663:Ceratophyllales
1654:Ceratophyllidae
1644:
1635:Ecdeiocoleaceae
1625:Flagellariaceae
1561:
1508:
1470:
1447:
1418:Tecophilaeaceae
1388:Blandfordiaceae
1364:
1330:Petermanniaceae
1315:Campynemataceae
1301:
1263:
1235:
1217:
1178:Aponogetonaceae
1134:
1109:
1097:
1066:
1018:
1004:Himantandraceae
975:
947:
913:
911:Mesangiospermae
900:
872:
844:
820:
815:
796:Marchantiophyta
775:
764:
720:
715:
649:
644:
643:
633:
631:
627:
626:
622:
593:
589:
581:
577:
560:
558:
545:
541:
536:
532:
522:
520:
510:
506:
501:
408:
399:
397:Characteristics
390:Dahlgren system
280:
245:
203:
127:
103:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4375:
4371:wfo-7000000571
4362:
4352:
4339:
4329:
4316:
4303:
4290:
4277:
4267:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4215:
4202:
4189:
4176:
4163:
4150:
4137:
4124:
4111:
4098:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4046:
4031:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4006:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3940:Paracryphiales
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3930:Escalloniaceae
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3912:Caprifoliaceae
3909:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3884:Columelliaceae
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3846:Argophyllaceae
3843:
3838:
3836:Alseuosmiaceae
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Phyllonomaceae
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3755:Myodocarpaceae
3752:
3747:
3745:Pittosporaceae
3742:
3740:Griseliniaceae
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3662:Schlegeliaceae
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Plantaginaceae
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3559:Sphenocleaceae
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Convolvulaceae
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3429:Metteniusaceae
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Sarraceniaceae
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:Fouquieriaceae
3280:
3275:
3273:Marcgraviaceae
3270:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Misodendraceae
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Phytolaccaceae
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Asteropeiaceae
3011:
3006:
3004:Simmondsiaceae
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Plumbaginaceae
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2946:Caryophyllales
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2747:Sarcolaenaceae
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Gerrardinaceae
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Elaeocarpaceae
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2424:Phyllanthaceae
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Passifloraceae
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Putranjivaceae
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Calophyllaceae
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Rhizophoraceae
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2208:Zygophyllaceae
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2122:Ticodendraceae
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:Hamamelidaceae
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1837:Myrothamnaceae
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1773:Menispermaceae
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Joinvilleaceae
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:Strelitziaceae
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1499:Pontederiaceae
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:Dasypogonaceae
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1438:Amaryllidaceae
1435:
1430:
1428:Xeronemataceae
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1231:Petrosaviaceae
1227:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1093:Chloranthaceae
1089:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:Calycanthaceae
1028:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
983:
977:
976:
974:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
949:
948:
946:
945:
940:
934:
932:
923:
914:
909:
906:
905:
902:
901:
899:
898:
896:Schisandraceae
893:
888:
882:
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
836:
834:
825:
817:
816:
814:
813:
808:
803:
801:Polypodiophyta
798:
793:
788:
780:
777:
776:
763:
762:
755:
748:
740:
734:
733:
719:
718:External links
716:
714:
713:
708:
691:
680:
668:(4): 535–548.
650:
648:
645:
642:
641:
620:
587:
575:
539:
530:
503:
502:
500:
497:
407:
404:
398:
395:
394:
393:
386:
385:(angiosperms).
373:in superorder
363:
356:
343:, in subclass
279:
276:
247:
246:
244:
243:
229:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
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105:
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91:
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61:
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51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4429:
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4404:
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4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
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4363:
4359:
4353:
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4344:
4340:
4336:
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4326:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
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4295:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
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4121:
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4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
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4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3922:Escalloniales
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Menyanthaceae
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Campanulaceae
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3798:Aquifoliaceae
3796:
3794:
3793:Helwingiaceae
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Stemonuraceae
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Pennantiaceae
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3697:Orobanchaceae
3695:
3693:
3692:Paulowniaceae
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Linderniaceae
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3421:Metteniusales
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Oncothecaceae
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Actinidiaceae
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Diapensiaceae
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3293:Lecythidaceae
3291:
3289:
3288:Polemoniaceae
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Balsaminaceae
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:Hydrangeaceae
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Schoepfiaceae
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Portulacaceae
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Halophytaceae
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:Molluginaceae
3097:
3095:
3094:Nyctaginaceae
3092:
3090:
3089:Sarcobataceae
3087:
3085:
3084:Petiveriaceae
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Amaranthaceae
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Frankeniaceae
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Aextoxicaceae
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:Superasterids
2909:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Simaroubaceae
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Anacardiaceae
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2828:Picramniaceae
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Thymelaeaceae
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Muntingiaceae
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Stachyuraceae
2626:
2624:
2623:Guamatelaceae
2621:
2619:
2618:Staphyleaceae
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Emblingiaceae
2548:
2546:
2545:Salvadoraceae
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Limnanthaceae
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Tropaeolaceae
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2473:
2472:Brunelliaceae
2470:
2468:
2467:Cephalotaceae
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Ixonanthaceae
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Euphorbiaceae
2402:
2400:
2399:Rafflesiaceae
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Euphroniaceae
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Malpighiaceae
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Caryocaraceae
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Podostemaceae
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:Zygophyllales
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Casuarinaceae
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Nothofagaceae
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Tetramelaceae
2034:
2032:
2031:Cucurbitaceae
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Apodanthaceae
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1946:
1945:Cynomoriaceae
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Saxifragaceae
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:Peridiscaceae
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1783:Ranunculaceae
1781:
1779:
1778:Berberidaceae
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Nelumbonaceae
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Eriocaulaceae
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1557:Zingiberaceae
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Heliconiaceae
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1504:Haemodoraceae
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Commelinaceae
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Asphodelaceae
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Ixioliriaceae
1411:
1409:
1408:Doryanthaceae
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Melanthiaceae
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Cyclanthaceae
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1259:Dioscoreaceae
1257:
1255:
1254:Burmanniaceae
1252:
1250:
1249:Nartheciaceae
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1223:Petrosaviales
1220:
1214:
1213:Cymodoceaceae
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Posidoniaceae
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Juncaginaceae
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Tofieldiaceae
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1085:Chloranthales
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Chloranthidae
1073:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Hernandiaceae
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Gomortegaceae
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Eupomatiaceae
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Degeneriaceae
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:Myristicaceae
987:
986:
984:
982:
978:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
954:
950:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
931:
927:
924:
922:
918:
915:
912:
907:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
879:
875:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Hydatellaceae
856:
855:
853:
851:
847:
841:
840:Amborellaceae
838:
837:
835:
833:
829:
826:
823:
818:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
778:
773:
769:
761:
756:
754:
749:
747:
742:
741:
738:
731:
726:
722:
721:
712:
709:
706:
702:
700:
695:
692:
689:
688:0-9625150-0-0
685:
681:
676:
671:
667:
663:
662:
657:
652:
651:
630:
624:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
584:
583:Qi et al 2013
579:
571:
567:
556:
555:
550:
549:"Smilacaceae"
543:
534:
519:
515:
514:"Smilacaceae"
508:
504:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
475:
471:as the genus
470:
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
391:
387:
384:
383:Magnoliopsida
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
360:Reveal system
357:
354:
353:Magnoliophyta
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:
332:
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:APG II system
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
241:
240:
235:
234:
230:
228:
227:
220:
219:
216:
211:
207:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Tracheophytes
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
4010:
3861:Calyceraceae
3856:Goodeniaceae
3841:Phellinaceae
3831:Stylidiaceae
3770:Aquifoliales
3652:Bignoniaceae
3637:Martyniaceae
3607:Gesneriaceae
3564:Hydroleaceae
3554:Montiniaceae
3508:Boraginaceae
3485:Gelsemiaceae
3475:Gentianaceae
3447:Eucommiaceae
3348:Roridulaceae
3328:Symplocaceae
3298:Sladeniaceae
3240:Curtisiaceae
3187:Loranthaceae
3109:Didiereaceae
3064:Barbeuiaceae
3024:Microteaceae
2979:Nepenthaceae
2969:Polygonaceae
2959:Tamaricaceae
2851:Nitrariaceae
2820:Picramniales
2785:Vochysiaceae
2770:Combretaceae
2684:Tapisciaceae
2679:Petenaeaceae
2585:Brassicaceae
2339:Trigoniaceae
2334:Balanopaceae
2299:Hypericaceae
2279:Bonnetiaceae
2254:Irvingiaceae
2241:Malpighiales
2231:Celastraceae
2203:Krameriaceae
2160:Elaeagnaceae
2155:Dirachmaceae
2112:Juglandaceae
2079:Polygalaceae
2064:Quillajaceae
2026:Coriariaceae
2003:Cucurbitales
1940:Haloragaceae
1935:Penthoraceae
1920:Crassulaceae
1885:Altingiaceae
1867:Saxifragales
1819:Dilleniaceae
1758:Papaveraceae
1753:Eupteleaceae
1745:Ranunculales
1653:
1620:Restionaceae
1580:Bromeliaceae
1514:Zingiberales
1494:Philydraceae
1484:Hanguanaceae
1476:Commelinales
1443:Asparagaceae
1403:Hypoxidaceae
1354:
1350:Ripogonaceae
1345:Philesiaceae
1340:Colchicaceae
1282:Velloziaceae
1277:Triuridaceae
1241:Dioscoreales
1158:Alismataceae
1106:
1075:
1037:Siparunaceae
994:Magnoliaceae
891:Trimeniaceae
868:Nymphaeaceae
832:Amborellales
811:Angiospermae
766:Families of
697:
665:
659:
647:Bibliography
632:. Retrieved
623:
604:
600:
590:
578:
559:. Retrieved
553:
542:
533:
521:. Retrieved
517:
507:
488:
482:
478:
472:
466:
464:
436:Heterosmilax
435:
432:Heterosmilax
431:
427:
423:
416:Heterosmilax
415:
409:
400:
377:in subclass
371:Dioscoreales
351:of division
330:
320:
317:Heterosmilax
316:
310:
306:Heterosmilax
304:
298:
281:
251:
250:
239:Heterosmilax
237:
231:
224:
200:
174:
161:
148:
117:
18:
4407:Smilacaceae
4193:iNaturalist
4159:Smilacaceae
4068:Smilacaceae
4041:Smilacaceae
4035:Wikispecies
4011:Smilacaceae
3816:Rousseaceae
3712:Campanulids
3672:Verbenaceae
3647:Acanthaceae
3642:Pedaliaceae
3632:Byblidaceae
3500:Boraginales
3490:Apocynaceae
3480:Loganiaceae
3462:Gentianales
3411:Icacinaceae
3363:Cyrillaceae
3358:Clethraceae
3338:Styracaceae
3318:Primulaceae
3245:Grubbiaceae
3172:Santalaceae
3114:Basellaceae
3069:Gisekiaceae
3009:Physenaceae
2974:Droseraceae
2871:Sapindaceae
2861:Burseraceae
2805:Alzateaceae
2717:Neuradaceae
2656:Francoaceae
2651:Geraniaceae
2603:Aphloiaceae
2575:Capparaceae
2555:Tovariaceae
2515:Moringaceae
2497:Brassicales
2457:Cunoniaceae
2452:Oxalidaceae
2447:Connaraceae
2364:Achariaceae
2359:Humiriaceae
2324:Elatinaceae
2218:Celastrales
2175:Cannabaceae
2150:Barbeyaceae
2074:Surianaceae
2046:Begoniaceae
2041:Datiscaceae
1880:Paeoniaceae
1857:Superrosids
1842:Gunneraceae
1811:Dilleniales
1730:Platanaceae
1605:Thurniaceae
1585:Rapateaceae
1547:Marantaceae
1398:Lanariaceae
1393:Asteliaceae
1378:Orchidaceae
1370:Asparagales
1355:Smilacaceae
1297:Pandanaceae
1287:Stemonaceae
1193:Zosteraceae
1188:Maundiaceae
1140:Alismatales
1057:Monimiaceae
981:Magnoliales
966:Saururaceae
943:Winteraceae
938:Canellaceae
921:Magnoliidae
863:Cabombaceae
850:Nymphaeales
783:Supergroup
730:Smilacaceae
694:Smilacaceae
450:, tropical
252:Smilacaceae
201:Smilacaceae
168:Angiosperms
24:Smilacaceae
4401:Categories
4211:77126730-1
3899:Dipsacales
3889:Bruniaceae
3866:Asteraceae
3750:Araliaceae
3687:Phrymaceae
3622:Stilbaceae
3549:Solanaceae
3526:Vahliaceae
3452:Garryaceae
3398:Icacinales
3308:Sapotaceae
3162:Opiliaceae
3149:Santalales
3124:Talinaceae
3104:Montiaceae
2856:Kirkiaceae
2838:Sapindales
2810:Penaeaceae
2780:Onagraceae
2775:Lythraceae
2707:Cytinaceae
2666:Huerteales
2643:Geraniales
2580:Cleomaceae
2570:Resedaceae
2520:Caricaceae
2505:Akaniaceae
2434:Oxalidales
2389:Salicaceae
2374:Goupiaceae
2284:Clusiaceae
2185:Urticaceae
2165:Rhamnaceae
2127:Betulaceae
2107:Myricaceae
1829:Gunnerales
1735:Proteaceae
1615:Cyperaceae
1600:Mayacaceae
1590:Xyridaceae
1320:Corsiaceae
1269:Pandanales
1208:Ruppiaceae
1163:Butomaceae
1014:Annonaceae
971:Piperaceae
930:Canellales
561:2008-01-14
499:References
349:Liliopsida
326:herbaceous
288:APG system
30:55–0
4128:FloraBase
3907:Adoxaceae
3876:Bruniales
3808:Asterales
3677:Lamiaceae
3536:Solanales
3518:Vahliales
3470:Rubiaceae
3439:Garryales
3368:Ericaceae
3313:Ebenaceae
3250:Cornaceae
3235:Loasaceae
3220:Nyssaceae
3157:Olacaceae
3139:Cactaceae
3074:Aizoaceae
3049:Limeaceae
2886:Meliaceae
2790:Myrtaceae
2742:Cistaceae
2722:Malvaceae
2369:Violaceae
2274:Ochnaceae
2249:Pandaceae
1720:Sabiaceae
1712:Proteales
1610:Juncaceae
1575:Typhaceae
1552:Costaceae
1542:Cannaceae
1527:Lowiaceae
1466:Arecaceae
1423:Iridaceae
1383:Boryaceae
1360:Liliaceae
1130:Acoraceae
1062:Lauraceae
953:Piperales
791:Bryophyta
601:Phytotaxa
456:Singapore
412:dioecious
347:in class
294:, in the
268:Paleogene
264:diverging
260:Liliaceae
138:Kingdom:
100:Paleogene
4358:smilacac
4343:VicFlora
4332:VASCAN:
4325:42000383
4320:Tropicos
4020:Wikidata
3986:Category
3760:Apiaceae
3682:Mazaceae
3592:Oleaceae
3574:Lamiales
3323:Theaceae
3260:Ericales
3212:Cornales
3202:Asterids
3059:Kewaceae
2876:Rutaceae
2762:Myrtales
2737:Bixaceae
2699:Malvales
2540:Bataceae
2409:Linaceae
2394:Peraceae
2180:Moraceae
2170:Ulmaceae
2145:Rosaceae
2102:Fagaceae
2069:Fabaceae
1978:Vitaceae
1905:Iteaceae
1702:Buxaceae
1685:Eudicots
1537:Musaceae
1453:Arecales
1307:Liliales
1122:Acorales
1112:Monocots
1024:Laurales
460:Malaysia
379:Liliidae
375:Lilianae
345:Liliidae
341:Liliales
300:monocots
292:Liliales
278:Taxonomy
272:monocots
197:Family:
191:Liliales
181:Monocots
102:- Recent
4026:Q162141
3722:Apiales
3388:Lamiids
2487:Malvids
2442:Huaceae
2137:Rosales
2089:Fagales
2056:Fabales
1970:Vitales
1694:Buxales
1640:Poaceae
1148:Araceae
1107:Lilidae
489:Nemexia
474:Nemexia
440:species
420:stamens
236:(incl.
213:Genera
187:Order:
142:Plantae
4384:414888
4286:978709
4270:NZOR:
4224:119543
4081:121700
1993:Fabids
1960:Rosids
1567:Poales
772:APG IV
686:
634:6 July
523:9 July
479:Smilax
468:Smilax
428:Smilax
424:Smilax
406:Genera
321:Smilax
312:Smilax
233:Smilax
98:Early
4379:WoRMS
4299:55853
4237:43339
4219:IRMNG
4198:60747
4154:FoAO2
4146:10827
4133:22766
4120:1SMIF
4055:54598
785:Plant
448:Japan
444:China
296:clade
206:Vent.
175:Clade
162:Clade
149:Clade
4307:POWO
4263:4703
4258:NCBI
4232:ITIS
4206:IPNI
4185:1042
4180:GRIN
4172:7702
4167:GBIF
4115:EPPO
4107:8171
4076:BOLD
4063:ATRF
4050:APNI
684:ISBN
636:2021
525:2013
452:Asia
388:The
365:The
358:The
335:The
309:and
282:The
38:PreꞒ
4366:WFO
4335:222
4245:NBN
4141:FNA
4102:EoL
4094:GCL
4089:CoL
670:doi
666:173
609:doi
605:261
4403::
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