42:
340:
187:
327:
1067:
277:
62:
3239:
3227:
3251:
3215:
395:
354:
374:
416:
The wings are usually well-rounded with more or less sharply tipped forewings. Some have prominent hindwing tails, and others have more angled wings; the skippers' basic wing shapes vary not much by comparison to the
Papilionoidea, though. Most have a fairly drab coloration of browns and greys; some
323:, though, their wings are usually small in proportion to their bodies. Some have larger wings, but only rarely as large in proportion to the body as in other butterflies. When at rest, skippers keep their wings usually angled upwards or spread out, and only rarely fold them up completely.
399:
402:
401:
398:
397:
403:
358:
357:
362:
360:
356:
378:
377:
381:
380:
376:
361:
382:
400:
359:
379:
774:
Handbook of
Zoology: A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies Vol.1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography
222:, the butterflies. They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly have an absence of
396:
355:
417:
are more boldly black-and-white. Yellow, red, and blue hues are less often found, but some largely brown species are quite richly colored, too. Green colors and metallic
375:
859:
Heikkilä, M.; Kaila, L.; Mutanen, M.; Peña, C. & Wahlberg, N. (2012). "Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies".
3544:
799:
Evans, W. H. (1951). "A Catalogue of the
Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I.
1013:
451:(branded skippers) cannot currently be distinguished in the field even by experts. The only reliable method of telling them apart involves dissection and
307:, while the typical butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae, and moth-butterflies have feathered or pectinate (comb-shaped) antennae similar to
772:
Ackery, P. R.; de Jong, R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1999). "The
Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidae". In: Kristensen, N. P. (ed.):
165:
801:
3464:
3503:
226:
available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the
517:
479:
540:
866:
Kawahara, A. Y., & Breinholt, J. W. (2014). "Phylogenomics provides strong evidence for relationships of butterflies and moths".
3438:
1006:
3477:
970:
1375:
897:
3482:
999:
17:
706:
Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (2019-03-26).
1066:
881:
344:
3508:
3417:
3430:
3192:
3490:
829:
indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the
British Museum (Natural History). Part III.
3585:
3347:
3314:
3187:
844:
indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the
British Museum (Natural History). Part IV.
814:
indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the
British Museum (Natural History). Part II.
319:, in this resembling many moths more than the other two butterfly lineages do. Unlike, for example, the
61:
3205:
3557:
3352:
991:
793:
1368:
569:
138:
987:
Hesperiidae
Indicae: Being a reprint of descriptions of the Hesperiidae of India, Burma, and Ceylon
785:
339:
41:
316:
3534:
3590:
3267:
460:
287:
Collectively, these three groups of butterflies share many characteristics, especially in the
186:
3529:
3469:
3305:
2764:
281:
246:
3521:
326:
3580:
3386:
3329:
1634:
1626:
1617:
1361:
1188:
719:
652:
447:
8:
2555:
2547:
1248:
982:
422:
723:
656:
643:
Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Brockmann, Ernst; Grishin, Nick V. (2019-08-07).
750:
707:
683:
192:
56:
276:
3516:
3373:
3231:
2125:
1322:
893:
755:
737:
688:
670:
407:
332:
300:
3378:
3319:
3106:
2597:
2156:
1332:
1138:
1075:
871:
745:
727:
678:
660:
320:
258:
204:
433:
Many species of skippers look very alike. For example, some species in the genera
2675:
2351:
2228:
2104:
2096:
2062:
2036:
2028:
1695:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1462:
1456:
1444:
1337:
1327:
1258:
1228:
1203:
387:
231:
3495:
976:
214:(moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily,
3425:
3412:
3255:
3243:
3219:
2896:
2683:
2361:
2286:
2252:
2210:
2135:
2120:
1763:
1342:
1288:
1238:
1163:
1113:
537:– giant skippers (about 18 species; doubtfully distinct from Hesperiinae)
522:
155:
1353:
708:"Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns"
665:
475:
The roughly 3500 species of skippers are now classified in these subfamilies:
3574:
3290:
3124:
3049:
2957:
2904:
2883:
2875:
2746:
2626:
2618:
2338:
2220:
2215:
2205:
1984:
1976:
1963:
1955:
1926:
1887:
1755:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1603:
1595:
1586:
1548:
1542:
1530:
1312:
1218:
1213:
1173:
1168:
1153:
1118:
1088:
1056:
741:
674:
644:
490:
367:
288:
254:
223:
219:
161:
123:
732:
3238:
3143:
3111:
3093:
3041:
2973:
2933:
2733:
2725:
2691:
2576:
2568:
2389:
2379:
2366:
2320:
2312:
2299:
2291:
2278:
2236:
2197:
2187:
2164:
2143:
2112:
2075:
2067:
2054:
1934:
1882:
1428:
1273:
1223:
1198:
1103:
1051:
875:
852:
759:
692:
545:
534:
435:
312:
304:
173:
147:
794:"The higher classification of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea)"
3451:
3339:
3299:
3101:
3059:
2983:
2978:
2949:
2917:
2812:
2753:
2589:
2513:
2505:
2492:
2484:
2455:
2405:
2330:
2244:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2151:
1942:
1877:
1805:
1784:
1776:
1726:
1505:
1499:
1487:
1385:
1317:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1263:
1233:
1193:
1128:
1098:
1093:
1083:
1030:
846:
840:
825:
810:
645:"Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)"
528:
506:
484:
464:
452:
426:
418:
250:
227:
218:; however, the most recent taxonomy places the family in the superfamily
211:
113:
253:(butterflies), which mostly belong to the typical butterfly superfamily
3167:
3075:
3067:
3020:
3004:
2991:
2965:
2941:
2925:
2846:
2833:
2825:
2804:
2796:
2712:
2704:
2647:
2639:
2605:
2463:
2397:
2384:
2356:
2343:
2265:
1892:
1834:
1739:
1283:
1243:
1146:
1123:
1046:
1021:
270:
3226:
780:
3456:
3399:
3365:
3119:
3025:
2862:
2854:
2772:
2447:
2434:
2418:
2270:
2260:
2046:
1913:
1905:
1861:
1747:
1416:
1404:
1278:
1268:
1253:
1208:
1158:
1038:
1022:
514:– spread-winged skippers and firetips (including Pyrrhopyginae)
500:
494:
456:
266:
262:
243:
93:
73:
3443:
3261:
3404:
3360:
3284:
3250:
3012:
2788:
2534:
2526:
2471:
2426:
2083:
2001:
1869:
1734:
1717:
1570:
1422:
1180:
831:
816:
511:
315:
than the other two groups, with stronger wing muscles in the plump
249:
Hesperioidea, because they are morphologically distinct from other
3033:
2665:
2657:
2374:
1108:
952:
441:
425:
is present in some; males may have a blackish streak or patch of
261:(Hedyloidea), which are restricted to the Neotropics, but recent
3083:
1410:
1398:
1026:
410:
103:
83:
3214:
977:
Skippers of North
America: Large format diagnostic photographs
3552:
292:
269:, thus the subfamilies should be reorganised to reflect true
3391:
932:
Catalogue of the
Butterflies of the United States and Canada
835:. Section II". London, British Museum. 246 pp. + pls. 26–53.
2807:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
820:. Section I". London, British Museum. 178 pp. + pls. 10–25.
779:
Brower, Andrew V. Z. & Warren, Andrew (April 7, 2008).
308:
296:
311:. Skippers also have generally stockier bodies and larger
257:. The third and rather small butterfly superfamily is the
3028:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
3015:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
868:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
861:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
642:
487:– awls, awlets, and policemen (about 75 species)
3203:
265:analyses suggest the traditional Papilionoidea are
2466:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
792:Brower, Andrew V. Z. & Warren, Andrew (2006).
3572:
1541:
856:". London, British Museum. 499 pp. + pls. 54–88.
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
242:Traditionally, the Hesperiidae were placed in a
1455:
1383:
776:: 263–300. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
712:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
705:
1659:
1498:
548:– Australian skippers (about 60 species)
237:
27:Family of butterflies commonly called skippers
1594:
1369:
1007:
805:". London, British Museum. 92 pp. + p15. 1–9.
586:
1528:
459:, which have characteristic structures that
343:Mating pair of Oberthür's Grizzled Skipper (
613:
604:
2815:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
1376:
1362:
1014:
1000:
531:– grass skippers (over 2000 species)
40:
838:Evans, W. H. (1955). "A Catalogue of the
823:Evans, W. H. (1953). "A Catalogue of the
808:Evans, W. H. (1952). "A Catalogue of the
749:
731:
682:
664:
203:are a group of butterflies placed in the
2994:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
1442:
911:Butterflies through Binoculars, The West
525:– skipperlings (about 150 species)
393:
372:
352:
338:
325:
299:stages. Nevertheless, skippers have the
275:
185:
2791:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
14:
3573:
2907:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
1485:
925:Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies
916:Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H.
3266:
3265:
1568:
1567:
1527:
1484:
1441:
1357:
995:
923:James, David G. and Nunnallee, David
3558:A85A87DE-DC2C-FFBE-25C5-FDBE1F69FCED
3431:52720f4e-a7db-4c09-8b30-bfa5bf44756c
638:
636:
634:
985:Free download of Watson, E.Y. 1891
390:on blossoms, including slow motion.
24:
2429:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
2346:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
903:
25:
3602:
1750:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
945:
631:
180:12 subfamilies, about 550 genera
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
1065:
882:"Catalogus on the collection of
60:
1766:(African primitive ghost moths)
918:Butterflies of British Columbia
619:Kawahara & Breinholt (2014)
570:"Skipper | lepidopteran family"
408:the silver-spotted skipper
2070:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
796:. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
789:. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
699:
622:
562:
470:
13:
1:
2968:(Kentish glory and relatives)
1787:(New Zealand primitive moths)
880:Korolev, Vladimir A. (2014).
555:
303:clubs hooked backward like a
3114:(oriental swallowtail moths)
2392:(planthopper parasite moths)
7:
3188:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
2775:(American moth-butterflies)
2736:(Old World butterfly-moths)
2715:(picture-winged leaf moths)
1465:(mandibulate archaic moths)
939:The Butterflies of Cascadia
238:Description and systematics
10:
3607:
2686:(tropical fruitworm moths)
2223:(case-bearers, case moths)
1987:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
1742:(swift moths, ghost moths)
973:North America (Index page)
628:Brower & Warren (2008)
3274:
3183:
3164:
3136:
3092:
3058:
3003:
2936:(American silkworm moths)
2916:
2895:
2874:
2845:
2824:
2767:(swallowtail butterflies)
2745:
2724:
2703:
2674:
2656:
2638:
2617:
2588:
2567:
2546:
2525:
2504:
2483:
2446:
2437:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
2417:
2329:
2311:
2196:
2146:(false diamondback moths)
2134:
2095:
2057:(burrowing webworm moths)
2045:
2027:
2023:
2000:
1975:
1954:
1925:
1904:
1860:
1833:
1804:
1775:
1725:
1716:
1686:
1677:
1650:
1625:
1616:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1563:
1537:
1523:
1494:
1480:
1451:
1437:
1393:
1137:
1074:
1063:
1037:
666:10.3897/zookeys.861.34686
179:
172:
153:
146:
57:Scientific classification
55:
48:
39:
34:
2928:(Australian lappet moth)
1937:(pigmy, or midget moths)
870:. 281 (1788), 20140970.
786:Tree of Life Web Project
493:– regent skipper (
280:Grass Skipper Butterfly
190:Western blue policeman (
1758:(miniature ghost moths)
863:. 279(1731), 1093–1099.
733:10.1073/pnas.1821304116
574:Encyclopedia Britannica
330:Red-underwing skipper (
224:wing-coupling structure
3137:Superfamily unassigned
2558:(bristle-legged moths)
2107:(ribbed cocoon makers)
1916:(Andean endemic moths)
1872:(fairy longhorn moths)
979:Cirrus Digital Imaging
876:10.1098/rspb.2014.0970
610:Heikkilä et al. (2012)
503:– dicot skippers
421:are generally absent.
413:
391:
370:
350:
336:
284:
197:
3530:Paleobiology Database
3044:(prominents, kittens)
2579:(fringe-tufted moths)
1635:Acanthopteroctetidae
1627:Acanthopteroctetoidea
1189:Acanthopteroctetoidea
937:Pyle, Robert Michael
406:
385:
365:
342:
329:
282:atalopedes campestris
279:
189:
3426:Fauna Europaea (new)
2556:Schreckensteiniidae
2548:Schreckensteinioidea
2537:(false burnet moths)
2408:(slug, or cup moths)
1966:(Gondwanaland moths)
1945:(white eyecap moths)
1703:(archaic bell moths)
1249:Schreckensteinioidea
953:"Family Hesperiidae"
601:Ackery et al. (1999)
429:on their forewings.
2886:(sack bearer moths)
2608:(false plume moths)
2600:(many-plumed moths)
2458:(little bear moths)
2400:(slug caterpillars)
2255:(long-horned moths)
2239:(grass-miner moths)
1637:(archaic sun moths)
1029:- Superfamilies of
909:Glassberg, Jeffrey
724:2019PNAS..116.6232L
657:2019ZooK..861...91Z
455:examination of the
423:Sexual dichromatism
234:and South America.
18:Skipper butterflies
3586:Butterfly families
445:(duskywings), and
414:
392:
371:
351:
346:Pyrgus armoricanus
337:
285:
198:
193:Pyrrhiades lucagus
3568:
3567:
3517:Open Tree of Life
3268:Taxon identifiers
3201:
3200:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3128:
3115:
3079:
3071:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3016:
2995:
2987:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2908:
2887:
2866:
2858:
2837:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2758:
2737:
2716:
2695:
2694:(fruitworm moths)
2687:
2630:
2609:
2601:
2580:
2559:
2538:
2517:
2496:
2495:(metalmark moths)
2475:
2474:(clearwing moths)
2467:
2459:
2438:
2430:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2370:
2347:
2303:
2295:
2282:
2281:(concealer moths)
2274:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2183:
2160:
2157:Glyphipterigidae
2147:
2126:Roeslerstammiidae
2116:
2108:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2058:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1967:
1946:
1938:
1917:
1896:
1873:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1673:
1672:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1612:
1611:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1543:Heterobathmioidea
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1351:
1350:
1323:Heterobathmioidea
930:Pelham, Jonathan
898:978-5-00077-066-5
892:. Moscow, 310 p.
718:(13): 6232–6237.
404:
383:
363:
333:Spialia sertorius
210:within the order
184:
183:
142:
50:Ochlodes sylvanus
16:(Redirected from
3598:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3496:NBNSYS0000050851
3486:
3485:
3473:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3407:
3395:
3394:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3242:
3241:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3127:(geometer moths)
3126:
3113:
3107:Pseudobistonidae
3077:
3069:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3014:
2993:
2985:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2906:
2885:
2864:
2856:
2835:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2750:
2735:
2714:
2693:
2685:
2628:
2607:
2599:
2578:
2557:
2536:
2515:
2494:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2436:
2428:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2368:
2345:
2301:
2293:
2280:
2272:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2229:Cosmopterigidae
2222:
2181:
2158:
2145:
2114:
2106:
2105:Bucculatricidae
2085:
2077:
2069:
2056:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
1986:
1965:
1944:
1936:
1915:
1894:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1831:
1830:
1786:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1684:
1683:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1549:Heterobathmiidae
1539:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1464:
1463:Micropterigidae
1457:Micropterigoidea
1453:
1452:
1439:
1438:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1333:Micropterigoidea
1139:Microlepidoptera
1069:
1016:
1009:
1002:
993:
992:
983:Internet Archive
967:
965:
963:
765:
763:
753:
735:
703:
697:
696:
686:
668:
640:
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
584:
583:
581:
580:
566:
405:
384:
364:
259:moth-butterflies
137:
65:
64:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3556:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3270:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3193:Lists by region
3171:
3170:is not a clade.
3166:Note: division
3148:
3132:
3088:
3054:
2999:
2960:(Dryandra moth)
2952:(Brahmin moths)
2912:
2891:
2870:
2841:
2820:
2751:
2749:
2741:
2720:
2699:
2684:Copromorphidae
2676:Copromorphoidea
2670:
2652:
2634:
2613:
2584:
2563:
2542:
2521:
2516:(tortrix moths)
2500:
2479:
2442:
2413:
2369:(flannel moths)
2352:Himantopteridae
2325:
2307:
2253:Lecithoceridae
2247:(twirler moths)
2192:
2130:
2115:(Douglas moths)
2097:Gracillarioidea
2091:
2078:(bagworm moths)
2063:Arrhenophanidae
2041:
2029:Simaethistoidea
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1992:
1971:
1950:
1921:
1900:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1785:Mnesarchaeidae
1777:Mnesarchaeoidea
1771:
1764:Prototheoridae
1708:
1696:Aenigmatineidae
1669:
1661:Lophocoronoidea
1642:
1608:
1573:
1551:
1533:
1531:Heterobathmiina
1511:
1506:Agathiphagidae
1500:Agathiphagoidea
1490:
1468:
1447:
1433:
1389:
1382:
1352:
1347:
1338:Mnesarchaeoidea
1328:Lophocoronoidea
1308:Agathiphagoidea
1259:Simaethistoidea
1229:Gracillarioidea
1204:Copromorphoidea
1133:
1070:
1061:
1033:
1020:
961:
959:
951:
948:
906:
904:Further reading
769:
768:
704:
700:
651:(861): 91–105.
641:
632:
627:
623:
618:
614:
609:
605:
600:
587:
578:
576:
568:
567:
563:
558:
552:
473:
463:except between
432:
394:
388:peck's skippers
373:
353:
273:relationships.
240:
168:
159:
136:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3549:
3539:
3526:
3513:
3500:
3487:
3474:
3461:
3448:
3435:
3422:
3413:Fauna Europaea
3409:
3396:
3383:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3311:
3296:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:Lasiocampidae
2901:
2899:
2897:Lasiocampoidea
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2640:Whalleyanoidea
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:Pterophoridae
2623:
2621:
2619:Pterophoroidea
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:Megalopygidae
2364:
2362:Somabrachyidae
2359:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2302:(timber moths)
2297:
2294:(flower moths)
2289:
2287:Pterolonchidae
2284:
2276:
2273:(mompha moths)
2268:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2231:(cosmet moths)
2226:
2221:Coleophoridae
2218:
2213:
2211:Batrachedridae
2208:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2182:(ermine moths)
2180:Yponomeutidae
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2136:Yponomeutoidea
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2121:Gracillariidae
2118:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2086:(fungus moths)
2081:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2037:Simaethistidae
2033:
2031:
2018:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:Palaephatidae
1960:
1958:
1956:Palaephatoidea
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1828:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1756:Palaeosetidae
1753:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:Neopseustidae
1698:
1692:
1690:
1688:Neopseustoidea
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:Lophocoronidae
1665:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1596:Eriocranioidea
1589:
1575:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1343:Neopseustoidea
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1313:Eriocranioidea
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:Basal lineages
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:Yponomeutoidea
1286:
1284:Whalleyanoidea
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Pterophoroidea
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Palaephatoidea
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1114:Lasiocampoidea
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:
996:
990:
989:
980:
974:
968:
947:
946:External links
944:
943:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
905:
902:
901:
900:
878:
864:
857:
836:
821:
806:
802:Pyrrhophyginae
797:
790:
777:
767:
766:
698:
630:
621:
612:
603:
585:
560:
559:
557:
554:
550:
549:
543:
538:
532:
526:
523:Heteropterinae
520:
515:
509:
504:
498:
488:
482:
472:
469:
461:prevent mating
239:
236:
182:
181:
177:
176:
170:
169:
160:
156:Hesperia comma
151:
150:
144:
143:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3603:
3592:
3591:Papilionoidea
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3169:
3163:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3112:Epicopeiidae
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3050:Oenosandridae
3048:
3046:
3042:Notodontidae
3040:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:Apatelodidae
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2884:Mimallonidae
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2876:Mimallonoidea
2873:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2857:(snout moths)
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:Papilionidae
2763:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2747:Papilionoidea
2744:
2738:
2734:Callidulidae
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2726:Calliduloidea
2723:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:Carposinidae
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2648:Whalleyanidae
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2629:(plume moths)
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2577:Epermeniidae
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2569:Epermenioidea
2566:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:Dudgeoneidae
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:Epipyropidae
2388:
2386:
2385:Cyclotornidae
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2339:Heterogynidae
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2313:Galacticoidea
2310:
2304:
2300:Xyloryctidae
2298:
2296:
2292:Scythrididae
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:Oecophoridae
2277:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2266:Metachandidae
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:Elachistidae
2235:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2216:Blastobasidae
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Autostichidae
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2159:(sedge moths)
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:Acrolepiidae
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2113:Douglasiidae
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:Eriocottidae
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2055:Acrolophidae
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
1999:
1989:
1985:Tischeriidae
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1977:Tischerioidea
1974:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:Nepticulidae
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:Nepticuloidea
1924:
1918:
1914:Andesianidae
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1906:Andesianoidea
1903:
1897:
1895:(yucca moths)
1891:
1889:
1888:Incurvariidae
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1803:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:Neotheoridae
1746:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Lophocoronina
1649:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Acanthoctesia
1615:
1605:
1604:Eriocraniidae
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1510:
1508:(kauri moths)
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1467:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1344:
1341:
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1336:
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1324:
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1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Galacticoidea
1217:
1215:
1214:Epermenioidea
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:Tischerioidea
1172:
1170:
1169:Nepticuloidea
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1154:Andesianoidea
1152:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Mimallonoidea
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Calliduloidea
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1057:Papilionoidea
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
998:
997:
994:
988:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
958:
954:
950:
949:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
912:
908:
907:
899:
895:
891:
889:
885:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
858:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
819:
818:
813:
812:
807:
804:
803:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
782:
781:"Hesperiidae"
778:
775:
771:
770:
761:
757:
752:
747:
743:
739:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
694:
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676:
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658:
654:
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639:
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530:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
508:
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502:
499:
496:
492:
491:Euschemoninae
489:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
443:
438:
437:
430:
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424:
420:
412:
409:
389:
369:
348:
347:
341:
335:
334:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
313:compound eyes
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
283:
278:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Papilionoidea
252:
248:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Papilionoidea
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
195:
194:
188:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
157:
152:
149:
145:
140:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:Papilionoidea
122:
120:Superfamily:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3275:
3144:Millieriidae
3125:Geometridae
3094:Geometroidea
3078:(gold moths)
3036:(tuft moths)
2986:(saturniids)
2984:Saturniidae
2974:Eupterotidae
2958:Carthaeidae
2950:Brahmaeidae
2944:(silk moths)
2865:(grass moth)
2836:(teak moths)
2813:Nymphalidae
2799:(metalmarks)
2781:Hesperiidae
2780:
2514:Tortricidae
2506:Tortricoidea
2493:Choreutidae
2485:Choreutoidea
2456:Brachodidae
2406:Limacodidae
2380:Anomoeotidae
2321:Galacticidae
2245:Gelechiidae
2198:Gelechioidea
2188:Ypsolophidae
2165:Heliodinidae
1943:Opostegidae
1883:Heliozelidae
1735:Anomosetidae
1679:Neopseustina
1429:Holometabola
1427:Superorder:
1421:Infraclass:
1274:Tortricoidea
1224:Gelechioidea
1199:Choreutoidea
1104:Geometroidea
1076:Larger Moths
1052:Hesperioidea
986:
960:. Retrieved
956:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
887:
883:
867:
860:
853:Megathyminae
851:
845:
839:
830:
824:
815:
809:
800:
784:
773:
715:
711:
701:
648:
624:
615:
606:
577:. Retrieved
573:
564:
551:
546:Trapezitinae
535:Megathyminae
474:
465:conspecifics
446:
440:
436:Amblyscirtes
434:
431:
427:scent scales
415:
345:
331:
305:crochet hook
286:
267:paraphyletic
263:phylogenetic
241:
216:Hesperioidea
215:
207:
200:
199:
191:
154:
148:Type species
133:
49:
29:
3581:Hesperiidae
3545:hesperiidae
3452:iNaturalist
3330:Hesperiidae
3320:Hesperiidae
3306:Hesperiidae
3300:Wikispecies
3276:Hesperiidae
3102:Sematuridae
3076:Cimeliidae
3070:(hook-tips)
3068:Drepanidae
3060:Drepanoidea
2992:Sphingidae
2979:Phiditiidae
2966:Endromidae
2942:Bombycidae
2926:Anthelidae
2918:Bombycoidea
2834:Hyblaeidae
2826:Hyblaeoidea
2805:Lycaenidae
2797:Riodinidae
2754:butterflies
2713:Thyrididae
2705:Thyridoidea
2606:Tineodidae
2598:Alucitidae
2590:Alucitoidea
2464:Castniidae
2398:Dalceridae
2344:Zygaenidae
2331:Zygaenoidea
2175:Plutellidae
2170:Lyonetiidae
2152:Bedelliidae
1893:Prodoxidae
1878:Cecidosidae
1740:Hepialidae
1727:Hepialoidea
1445:Zeugloptera
1386:Lepidoptera
1318:Hepialoidea
1294:Zygaenoidea
1264:Thyridoidea
1234:Hyblaeoidea
1194:Alucitoidea
1129:Sphingoidea
1099:Drepanoidea
1094:Cimelioidea
1084:Bombycoidea
1039:Butterflies
1031:Lepidoptera
962:February 6,
957:Insecta.pro
888:Hesperiidae
884:Lepidoptera
847:Hesperiinae
841:Hesperiidae
826:Hesperiidae
811:Hesperiidae
764:SI Appendix
529:Hesperiinae
507:Chamundinae
485:Coeliadinae
471:Subfamilies
453:microscopic
419:iridescence
251:Rhopalocera
247:superfamily
230:regions of
228:Neotropical
212:Lepidoptera
208:Hesperiidae
134:Hesperiidae
114:Lepidoptera
3575:Categories
3232:Arthropods
3168:Monotrysia
3026:Noctuidae
3021:Euteliidae
3005:Noctuoidea
2863:Crambidae
2855:Pyralidae
2847:Pyraloidea
2783:(skippers)
2773:Hedylidae
2357:Lacturidae
2271:Momphidae
2076:Psychidae
1587:Dacnonypha
1415:Subclass:
1405:Arthropoda
1244:Pyraloidea
1147:Monotrysia
1124:Noctuoidea
1047:Hedyloidea
1023:Arthropoda
886:. Part I.
579:2020-10-02
556:References
518:Tagiadinae
94:Arthropoda
3120:Uraniidae
3013:Erebidae
2789:Pieridae
2535:Urodidae
2527:Urodoidea
2472:Sesiidae
2448:Sesioidea
2427:Cossidae
2419:Cossoidea
2261:Lypusidae
2084:Tineidae
2047:Tineoidea
1870:Adelidae
1862:Adeloidea
1569:Suborder
1529:Suborder
1488:Aglossata
1486:Suborder
1443:Suborder
1417:Pterygota
1397:Kingdom:
1279:Urodoidea
1269:Tineoidea
1254:Sesioidea
1209:Cossoidea
1181:Ditrysian
1159:Adeloidea
971:Nearctica
742:0027-8424
675:1313-2970
501:Eudaminae
495:monotypic
480:Katreinae
457:genitalia
411:nectaring
368:nectaring
321:Arctiinae
271:cladistic
244:monotypic
174:Diversity
139:Latreille
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
3361:BugGuide
3337:BioLib:
3327:BAMONA:
3285:Wikidata
3034:Nolidae
2658:Immoidea
1718:Exoporia
1571:Glossata
1423:Neoptera
1403:Phylum:
1399:Animalia
1388:families
1109:Immoidea
832:Pyrginae
817:Pyrginae
760:30877254
693:31333327
541:Barcinae
512:Pyrginae
448:Hesperia
386:Several
366:Skipper
301:antennae
201:Skippers
162:Linnaeus
130:Family:
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
35:Skipper
3291:Q232936
3256:Biology
3244:Animals
3220:Insects
3206:Portals
2666:Immidae
2375:Aididae
1411:Insecta
1409:Class:
1384:Extant
1027:Insecta
751:6442542
720:Bibcode
684:6629708
653:Bibcode
649:ZooKeys
442:Erynnis
232:Central
110:Order:
104:Insecta
100:Class:
3535:134825
3522:336118
3483:117278
3470:100982
3405:1HESPF
3084:Doidae
1183:micros
941:(2002)
934:(2008)
927:(2011)
920:(2001)
913:(2001)
896:
758:
748:
740:
691:
681:
673:
317:thorax
295:, and
293:larval
205:family
141:, 1809
3553:Plazi
3542:PPE:
3509:40093
3465:IRMNG
3457:47653
3379:6254D
3340:17276
309:moths
297:pupal
3504:NCBI
3478:ITIS
3444:6953
3439:GBIF
3418:6882
3400:EPPO
3348:BOLD
964:2020
894:ISBN
850:and
756:PMID
738:ISSN
689:PMID
671:ISSN
166:1758
3491:NBN
3392:836
3387:EoL
3374:CoL
3366:189
3353:675
3315:AFD
872:doi
746:PMC
728:doi
716:116
679:PMC
661:doi
289:egg
3577::
3555::
3532::
3519::
3506::
3493::
3480::
3467::
3454::
3441::
3428::
3415::
3402::
3389::
3376::
3363::
3350::
3317::
3302::
3287::
1025:-
955:.
783:.
754:.
744:.
736:.
726:.
714:.
710:.
687:.
677:.
669:.
659:.
647:.
633:^
588:^
572:.
467:.
439:,
291:,
164:,
3208::
2756:)
2752:(
2016:a
2014:i
2012:s
2010:y
2008:r
2006:t
2004:i
2002:D
1853:a
1851:i
1849:s
1847:y
1845:r
1843:t
1841:o
1839:n
1837:o
1835:M
1826:a
1824:r
1822:u
1820:e
1818:n
1816:o
1814:r
1812:e
1810:t
1808:e
1806:H
1377:e
1370:t
1363:v
1015:e
1008:t
1001:v
966:.
890:"
874::
762:.
730::
722::
695:.
663::
655::
582:.
497:)
349:)
196:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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