Singular they - Knowledge

32: 7042: 804:, while rejecting "he or she" as clumsy, and this was widely adopted: e.g. in 1850, the British Parliament passed an act which provided that, when used in acts of Parliament "words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females". Baskervill and Sewell mention the common use of the singular 9555:, or use pronouns in non-standard ways, for various reasons: to accord with their sense of themselves, to make their passage through the world less painful, to prefigure and hasten the arrival of a world in which divisions of sex no longer matter. So too we can choose to respect people's pronouns for many reasons." 2745:

with anaphoric reference to a singular noun or pronoun, and the practice has continued in the 20C. to the point that, traditional grammarians aside, such constructions are hardly noticed any more or are not widely felt to lie in a prohibited zone. Fowler (1926) disliked the practice ... and gave

7500:"The inflections and syntax of present-day American English with especial reference to social differences or class dialects: The report of an investigation financed by the National Council of Teachers of English and supported by the Modern Language Association and the Linguistic Society of America" 2768:

as the "equivalent of a singular pronoun of common sex" as "common in speech and not unknown in serious writing " but "stigmatized by grammarians as usage grammatically indefensible. The book's advice for "official writers" (civil servants) is to avoid its use and not to be tempted by its "greater

2588:

When individuals whose gender is neither male nor female (e.g. nonbinary, agender, genderfluid, etc.) use the singular they to refer to themselves, they are using the language to express their identities. Adopting this language is one way writers can be inclusive of a range of people and

2689:

is disapproved of by grammarians. Numerous examples of its use by eminent writers in the past are given, but it is stated that "few good modern writers would flout so conspicuously as Fielding and Thackeray", whose sentences are described as having an "old-fashioned sound".

2385:). While this usage is accepted in those spheres, it is only lately showing signs of gaining acceptance in formal writing, where Chicago recommends avoiding its use. When referring specifically to a person who does not identify with a gender-specific pronoun, however, 9121:

was originally borrowed into English from the Scandinavian language family ... and since then has been doing useful service in English as the morphosyntactically plural but singular-antecedent-permitting gender-neutral pronoun known to linguists as singular

2353:, noting a "revival" of this usage and citing "its venerable use by such writers as Addison, Austen, Chesterfield, Fielding, Ruskin, Scott, and Shakespeare." From the 15th edition (2003), this was changed. In Chapter 5 of the 17th edition (2017), now written by 9661: 2138:"While editors have increasingly moved to accepting singular they when used in a generic fashion, voters in the Word of the Year proceedings singled out its newer usage as an identifier for someone who may identify as non-binary in gender terms." 3514: – "Would you like tea or coffee?". Since distributive constructions apply an idea relevant to each individual in the group, rather than to the group as a whole, they are most often conceived of as singular, and a singular pronoun is used: 2786:

have become much more widespread since Gowers' original comments, but still finds it "safer" to treat a sentence like 'The reader may toss their book aside' as incorrect "in formal English", while rejecting even more strongly sentences like

1380:

published a study by Darren K. LaScotte investigating the pronouns used by native English speakers in informal written responses to questions concerning a subject of unspecified gender, finding that 68% of study participants chose singular

2631:, as of 2017, recommends: "They/them/their is acceptable in limited cases as a singular and-or gender-neutral pronoun, when alternative wording is overly awkward or clumsy. However, rewording usually is possible and always is preferable." 9374: 1328:

By 1980, the movement toward gender-neutral language had gained wide support, and many organizations, including most publishers, had issued guidelines on the use of gender-neutral language, but stopped short of recommending

1033:

is still sometimes found in contemporary writing when referring to a generic or indeterminate antecedent. In some cases, it is clear from the situation that the persons potentially referred to are likely to be male, as in:

2759:

was originally written in 1948 by Ernest Gowers, a civil servant, in an attempt by the British civil service to improve "official English". A second edition, edited by Sir Bruce Fraser, was published in 1973. It refers to

2863:

are now freely used in agreement with singular indefinite pronouns and determiners, those with universal implications such as any(one), every(one), no(one), as well as each and some(one), whose reference is often more

3272:

is commonly used as a 3rd person singular pronoun that is neutral between masculine and feminine ... At one time restricted to informal usage. it is now increasingly accepted in formal usage, especially in

5795: 5972: 4495: 3309:

with singular indefinite words, most do not, and many teachers and employers regard the plural as incorrect. To be safe, work for agreement between singular indefinite words and the pronouns that refer to

2728:

has not only been widely used by good writers for centuries, but is now generally accepted, except by some conservative grammarians, including the Fowler of 1926, who, it is argued, ignored the evidence:

2414:

For instance, rather than writing "I don't know who wrote this note, but he or she has good handwriting," you might write something like "I don't know who wrote this note, but they have good handwriting."

2217:

that avoid expressing a preference for either approach sometimes recommend recasting a problem sentence, for instance replacing generic expressions with plurals to avoid the criticisms of either party.

2058:

and derivatives as appropriate pronouns. Several social media applications permit account holders to choose to identify their gender using one of a variety of non-binary or genderqueer options, such as

1324:

The average American needs the small routines of getting ready for work. As he shaves or blow-dries his hair or pulls on his panty-hose, he is easing himself by small stages into the demands of the day.

2969:

when translating pronouns that apply to both genders in the original Greek or Hebrew. This decision was based on research by a commission that studied modern English usage and determined that singular

2896:, 2012) is aimed at those engaged in copy editing, and the emphasis is on the formal elements of presentation including punctuation and typeface, rather than on linguistic style, although – like 6436: 6242: 2611:'s stylebook, as of 2015, recommends trying to "write around the problem, perhaps by changing singulars to plurals, before using the singular they as a last resort" and specifically permits use of 6570: 2365:

is no longer universally accepted as a generic pronoun referring to a person of unspecified gender, people commonly (in speech and in informal writing) substitute the third-person-plural pronouns

1395:

in this context was named Word of the Year for 2019 by Merriam-Webster and for 2015 by the American Dialect Society. On January 4, 2020, the American Dialect Society announced they had crowned

1149:

In informal spoken English, plural pronouns are often used with indefinite pronoun antecedents. However, this construction is generally not considered appropriate in formal speech or writing.

1341:

The use of masculine generic nouns and pronouns in written and spoken language has decreased since the 1970s. In a corpus of spontaneous speech collected in Australia in the 1990s, singular

1650:

are singular in form and are used with a singular verb, these pronouns have an "implied plurality" that is somewhat similar to the implied plurality of collective or group nouns such as

892:

was an androcentric world view, with the default sex of humans being male – and the default gender therefore being masculine. There is some evidence for this: Wilson wrote in 1560:

4322: 9612: 9366: 7542: 4048: 3971:

is also used for infants of unspecified gender but may be considered dehumanizing and is therefore more likely in a clinical context. Otherwise, in more personal contexts, the use of

643: 8623: 8439: 6341: 8730:

Corpora Galore: Analyses and Techniques in Describing English: Papers from the Nineteenth International Conference on English Language Research on Computerised Corpora (ICAME 1998)

3565:

However, many languages, including English, show ambivalence in this regard. Because distribution also requires a group with more than one member, plural forms are sometimes used.

584:

is attested from the 14th to 16th centuries. Its use has been increasing since the 1970s or 1980s, though it is sometimes still classified as "a minority form". In 2002, Payne and

3745:

A bound variable pronoun is anaphorically linked to a quantifier (no single real-world or hypothetical entity is referenced; examples and explanations from Huddleston and Pullum,

6666: 1261:

The earliest known attempt to create a new gender-neutral pronoun in English dates back to 1792, when Scottish economist James Anderson advocated for an indeterminate pronoun

1225: ... alternative devices are now usually resorted to. When a gender-neutral pronoun or determiner ... is needed, the options usually adopted are the plural forms 9482: 2406: 4436: 7693: 4693: 4406: 6372: 9600: 5954: 9206: 8743: 3010:, modified in some respects from the original US edition to conform to differences in culture and vocabulary, preserved the same recommendations, allowing singular 6597: 6170: 5042: 4484: 9443: 4817: 2556:

or a noun that does not indicate gender and suggests that this will continue to be a problem for some time. He "suspect that eventually we will accept the plural

1864:

With a noun (e.g. person, student, patient) used generically (e.g. in the sense of any member of that class or a specific member unknown to the speaker or writer)

3861:

A 2024 study by Arnold, Venkatesh, and Vig stated that two thirds of people used an incorrect pronoun at least once in speaking about someone who used singular

7960: 4896: 4038: 7808: 2101:

or generic persons of unknown gender, this use, which may be chosen by an individual, is recent. The earliest recorded usage of this sense documented by the

1283:

In the second half of the 20th century, people expressed more widespread concern at the use of male-oriented language. This included criticism of the use of

9566: 2265:"Where noun–pronoun disagreement can be avoided, avoid it. Where it can't be avoided, resort to it cautiously because some people may doubt your literacy". 8190: 7311: 6426: 6223: 3940:"), when a single person uses first-person plural in place of first-person singular pronouns. Similar to singular "you", its singular reflexive pronoun (" 6697: 6562: 5497: 8081: 3226:

even with definite noun-phrase antecedents finds increasing acceptance, "sidestepping any presumption about the sex of the person referred to", as in:

1385:

to refer to such an antecedent. Some participants noted that they found constructions such as "he or she" inadequate as they do not include people who

663:

in the 13th century), and has remained in use for centuries in spite of its proscription by traditional grammarians beginning in the mid-18th century.

8284: 7121: 5536: 4765: 4652: 4727: 4352: 4553: 7868: 4528: 3828:

for a truck driver) and "much more quickly than clauses containing a gendered pronoun that went against the gender stereotype of the antecedent".

8136: 3519: 3260: 2233: 592:, called its use in standard dialect "rare and acceptable only to a minority of speakers" but "likely to increase with the growing acceptance of 6403: 31: 9593: 4314: 3043: 2297:"That it sets many literate Americans' teeth on edge is an unfortunate obstacle to what promises to be the ultimate solution to the problem." 8841: 7534: 8613: 5786: 2928:

is often preferred, and in formal contexts probably the best solution, but can become tiresome or long-winded when used frequently. Use of

8488: 7336:

as the reflexive/intensive pronoun to refer to an indefinite gender-neutral noun or pronoun that is the subject of the sentence and avoid

6333: 6045: 4627: 3877:

caused some difficulty, but the rate of errors was low (9%). They wrote that whereas people may repeat a name to avoid using the pronoun

6658: 4248: 9711: 8316:

A New Grammar: Being the Most Easy Guide to Speaking and Writing the English Language Properly and Correctly (reprinted in facsimile)

7407: 2544:", discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various solutions when faced with the problem of referring to an antecedent such as 7069: 4870: 4279: 2321:"Disturbing though these developments may be to purists, they're irreversible. And nothing that a grammarian says will change them." 9586: 3959:

is frequently used in an impersonal context when someone's identity is unknown or established on a provisional basis, e.g. "Who is

6123: 9542: 9233: 8005: 7292: 2410:, released in October 2019, advises using singular "they" when gender is unknown or irrelevant, and gives the following example: 2509:

as pronoun for nouns embracing both genders is a simple, practical convention rooted in the beginnings of the English language.

9416: 7684: 4594: 4428: 2936:) is becoming generally accepted both in speech and in writing, especially where it occurs after an indefinite pronoun such as 9488: 8993: 6200: 3664:

Coreferential, with a definite antecedent (the antecedent and the anaphoric pronoun both refer to the same real-world entity):

3055:

with a singular "antecedent" therefore violates the rule of agreement between antecedent and pronoun, but takes the view that

9322: 9303: 9281: 9258: 9154: 9022: 8978: 8917: 8803: 8737: 8714: 8688: 8650: 8590: 8566: 8532: 8513: 8428: 8409: 8373: 8353: 8274: 8217: 8163: 8110: 7834: 7766: 7604: 7583: 7511: 7474: 7385: 7201: 6311: 6092: 4398: 2981:) was by far the most common way that English-language speakers and writers today refer back to singular antecedents such as 2513:

has lost all suggestion of maleness in these circumstances. ... It has no pejorative connotation; it is never incorrect.

9349: 9181: 9071: 8656: 8596: 8320: 8223: 8169: 7840: 7772: 7739: 7711: 7666: 7610: 7517: 7419: 7391: 7167: 4685: 3885:

at least as frequently as binary pronouns, "suggesting that any difficulty does not result in pronoun avoidance" in speech.

9701: 8824: 6364: 2815: 2677: 1213:) with indefinite reference to denote a person of either sex, especially after indefinite pronouns and determiners such as 9198: 9104: 3330:

and its usage panel of selected writers, journalism professors, linguists, and other experts, many Americans avoid use of

3014:

with semantically plural terms like "everyone" and indeterminate ones like "person", but recommending a rewrite to avoid.

2659:

in cases where there is an element of semantic plurality expressed by a word such as "everyone" or where an indeterminate

8898: 4795: 3985:

is common for pets and other domesticated animals of unspecified sex, especially when referred to by a proper name (e.g.

3820:

were read "just as quickly as clauses containing a gendered pronoun that matched the stereotype of the antecedent" (e.g.

3577:, which uses the same verb form that plurals do, is typically used to refer to an indeterminate antecedent, for example: 3527: 2541: 9435: 9009:

Pauwels, Anne (2003). "Linguistic sexism and feminist linguistic activism". In Holmes, Janet; Meyerhoff, Miriam (eds.).

7262: 6593: 6150: 5551: 9471: 9044: 7933: 7892: 7455: 4825: 2401: 4462: 3119:

is described as being "rare" and "acceptable only to a minority of speakers", while use of the morphologically plural

2663:

is referred to, citing examples of such usage in formal speech. They also suggest rewriting sentences to use a plural

596:

as a singular pronoun". It is useful when referring to a single person of indeterminate gender, where the plural form

151:. It has been commonly employed in everyday English ever since and has gained currency in official contexts. Singular 9513: 9343: 9175: 9065: 8879: 8248: 8130: 7950: 7900: 6236: 3006: 2778:, revised and updated by Gowers's great-granddaughter, Rebecca Gowers, was published in 2014. It notes that singular 2643: 2253: 2123:

is the most popular pronoun set used by non-binary people. Approximately 80% consider it appropriate for themselves.

8843:

Burglars, Babysitters, and Persons: A Sociolinguistic Study of Generic Pronoun Usage in Philadelphia and Minneapolis

4892: 3134:

There are also issues of grammatical acceptability when reflexive pronouns refer to singular noun phrases joined by

9696: 7984: 7798: 7235: 3835:

was used to refer to known individuals ("referential antecedents, for which the gender was presumably known", e.g.

2900: – it makes occasional forays into matters of usage. It advises against use of the purportedly gender-neutral 2227: 1725:) may refer to a collective, with no necessary implication of pairwise relationships. These are examples of plural 674:

published in 1998 found that British speakers, regardless of social status, age, sex, or region, used the singular

3847:), reading was slowed when compared with use of a gendered pronoun consistent with the "stereotypic gender" (e.g. 2790:"There must be opportunity for the individual boy or girl to go as far as his keenness and ability will take him." 2130:

in the meaning "gender-neutral singular pronoun for a known person, as a non-binary identifier" was chosen by the

955:(though the proscription may have been observed more by American writers). Use of the purportedly gender-neutral 7319: 2211:

have long histories of use, and both are still used, both are also systematically avoided by particular groups.

8186: 3334:

to refer to a singular antecedent out of respect for a "traditional" grammatical rule, despite use of singular

1353:). Similarly, a study from 2002 looking at a corpus of American and British newspapers showed a preference for 8241:

Procedural Semantics for Hyperintensional Logic: Foundations and Applications of Transparent Intensional Logic

6689: 5505: 2163:

is "the only sensible solution to English's lack of a gender-neutral third-person singular personal pronoun".

8958:

British Pronoun Use, Prescription, and Processing: Linguistic and Social Influences Affecting 'They' and 'He'

8022: 7117: 5528: 3993:). Normally, birds and mammals with a known sex are referred to by their respective male or female pronoun ( 3478:. Such use, which goes back a long way, includes examples where the sex is known, as in the above examples. 2709:

is called "the popular solution", which "sets the literary man's teeth on edge". It is stated that singular

682:

or other options in the context of being anaphors after indefinite pronouns like "everybody" and "anybody".

8546: 4757: 4715: 4660: 4023: 2115: 9551:, vol. 42, no. 13 (2 July 2020), pp. 34–39. Srinivasan writes (p. 39): "People use non-standard 8291: 4344: 3346:

with singular antecedents as ungrammatical, even in informal speech. Eighty-two percent find the sentence

2481:. Use the singular pronoun. ... A similar fault is the use of the plural pronoun with the antecedent 9706: 7856: 7727: 7701: 4561: 2341: 1314:, mentioning the mnemonic phrase "the male embraces the female". C. Badendyck from Brooklyn wrote to the 7826:

The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English

4520: 2884:

as "scrambled syntax that people adopt because they cannot bring themselves to use a singular pronoun".

604:"It is not an actor pretending to be Reagan or Thatcher, it is, in grotesque form, the person themself." 7353: 2820: 2627: 8120: 6395: 6087: 4157: 4018: 2954: 2572: 2103: 1899:

are, or should be, privy to the confidential deliberations and secrets of the board and the company.

7864: 5706:

LaScotte, Darren K. (1 February 2016). "Singular they: An Empirical Study of Generic Pronoun Use".

3603:

linked" to the associated pronoun to indicate a set of pairwise relationships, as in the sentence:

2755: 2131: 1487:

re looking the wrong way." President George Bush, 1991 State of the Union Address; quoted by Garner

1253:

calls the generic use of masculine pronouns "the traditional view, now widely assailed as sexist".

213: 1197:

From the earliest times until about the 1960s it was unquestionably acceptable to use the pronoun

175:

and less appropriate in formal writing. However, by 2020, most style guides accepted the singular

9572: 8850: 8310: 7225: 4162: 2893: 1658:, and in some sentences where the antecedent is one of these "implied plural" pronouns, the word 1365: 801: 766: 718: 671: 164: 156: 76: 5561: 9547: 8849:. Institute for Research in Cognitive Science. University of Pennsylvania Press. Archived from 3649:. He suggests that pronouns used as "variables" in this way are more appropriately regarded as 3626: 3350:

unacceptable ... panel members seem to make a distinction between singular nouns, such as

8345: 4619: 3656:

The following shows different types of anaphoric reference, using various pronouns, including

2769:

convenience", though "necessity may eventually force it into the category of accepted idiom".

2584:

is acceptable, and that singular "they" as a replacement for "he" or "she" is more inclusive:

2085:, which they wish to be used when referring to them. Explicitly designating one's pronouns as 1674:). This is in contrast to sentences that involve multiple pairwise relationships and singular 9291: 8725: 4838:...the most natural-sounding verb is the one to use. 'They' always goes with a plural verb... 4170: 3078:

is stated to be "particularly common", even "stylistically neutral" with antecedents such as

2831:

For those listening or reading, it has become unremarkable – an element of common usage.

2560:

as a correct singular" but states that currently "formal usage requires a singular pronoun".

2442: 2178: 1373: 4272:"Frequency of singular they for gender stereotypes and the influence of the queer community" 911:"... the worthier is preferred and set before. As a man is set before a woman ..." 896:"... let us keepe a naturall order, and set the man before the woman for manners sake." 8554: 7315: 7288: 7258: 7194:

A Study of Presidential State of the Union Addresses: The Sells and Arguments that are Used

6119: 4212: 2182: 299: 83: 79: 7347: 4093:"Either the plural or the singular may be acceptable for a true bound pronoun ...": " 3178:

can't be dismissed just as a matter of political correctness. The real problem with using

8: 8618: 8385: 8266: 7571: 7061: 4862: 3902: 3600: 3443: 3182:

is that it unquestionably colours the interpretation, sometimes inappropriately ...

2888: 2607: 2149: 2144: 8558: 7649: 7635: 7488: 4686:"Singular 'they' crowned word of the decade by US linguists | DW | 04.01.2020" 4271: 4039:

Third-person pronoun#Historical, regional, and proposed gender-neutral singular pronouns

1087:

In other situations, the antecedent may refer to an indeterminate person of either sex:

1021: 9459: 8967: 8927:

Newman, Michael (1998). "What Can Pronouns Tell Us? A Case Study of English Epicenes".

8784: 8475: 8466: 8073: 8065: 7955: 7436: 7281: 7215: 6032: 6008:"My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood" 5037: 4240: 4028: 3318:

or avoiding the problem by rewriting the sentence to use a plural or omit the pronoun.

2537: 2433: 2020:

is also sometimes used when the antecedent is known or believed to be a single person:

308: 9223: 8726:"Singular and Plural Anaphors of Indefinite Plural Pronouns in Spoken British English" 8259: 8001: 7141: 5640:

Baranowski, Maciej (2002). "Current usage of the epicene pronoun in written English".

3348:

The typical student in the program takes about six years to complete their course work

9628: 9538: 9509: 9467: 9391: 9339: 9318: 9299: 9277: 9254: 9171: 9150: 9144: 9061: 9040: 9018: 8974: 8944: 8913: 8894: 8875: 8776: 8733: 8710: 8698: 8684: 8672: 8646: 8586: 8562: 8528: 8509: 8503: 8480: 8424: 8405: 8398: 8369: 8349: 8338: 8270: 8244: 8213: 8159: 8126: 8106: 8102:

The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers

8100: 8077: 8057: 7896: 7885: 7830: 7762: 7600: 7579: 7507: 7470: 7451: 7381: 7197: 6232: 6037: 5964: 5723: 4244: 4232: 3910: 3622: 2721: 2093:

increases the chance that people will interpret "they" as singular. Though "singular

2051: 1386: 1298:

could not sensibly be used as a generic pronoun understood to include men and women.

943:

In spite of continuous attempts on the part of educationalists to proscribe singular

585: 316: 191: 4586: 3599:, the morphologically singular antecedent does not refer to a single entity but is " 9623: 9609: 9406: 9136: 8989: 8936: 8768: 8470: 8462: 8049: 7923: 7803: 7369: 6192: 6162: 6027: 6019: 5959: 5715: 5688: 5649: 4224: 2188: 2134:

as their "Word of the Year" for 2015. In 2016, the American Dialect Society wrote:

1817:

In addition, for these "notional plural" cases, it would not be appropriate to use

1007:"She and Louis had a game – who could find the ugliest photograph of himself." 208: 180: 160: 20: 9578: 8797: 7504:

The English Language, Volume 2: Essays by Linguistics and Men of Letters 1858–1964

6917: 6303: 6082: 4067:

Article accessible for free using a library card number from many public libraries

3289:, most experts – and some teachers and employers – find use of singular 2851:. It avoids gratuitous sexism and gives the statement broadest reference ... 2746:

a number of unattributed "faulty' examples ... The evidence presented in the

2667:, eliminating pronouns, or recasting sentences to use "one" or (for babies) "it". 1869:"cognitive dissonance: "a concept in psychology describes the condition in which 9530: 9333: 9228: 9165: 9096: 9055: 8869: 8702: 8676: 8640: 8580: 8499: 8314: 8207: 8153: 7824: 7756: 7731: 7705: 7660: 7594: 7499: 7411: 7373: 7282:"Immigration and RefugeeProtection Regulations (2002) as amended 6 February 2014" 7155: 6431: 6115: 3462:

is syntactically singular, but stands for all mothers; and in the Shaw quotation

2450:

with a singular antecedent unacceptable and advised use of the singular pronoun (

2354: 2177:

The first non-binary main character on North American television appeared on the

2171: 2109: 2061: 963:

were later criticized as being awkward or silly, for instance when referring to:

217: 9270: 8820: 3926: 3918: 3784:" is more "difficult" to understand than gendered pronouns found that "singular 3394:

might refer to a grammatically singular antecedent seen as semantically plural:

3358:, and pronouns that are grammatically singular but semantically plural, such as 1666:, suggesting a "notional plural" rather than a "bound variable" interpretation ( 240:" permits a singular antecedent, but is used with the same verb forms as plural 9671: 9411: 9140: 9132: 9100: 7151: 6023: 4033: 2580:) states that "grammar shifts and changes over time", that the use of singular 2393: 1316: 1299: 879: 819:

Baskervill gives a number of examples of recognized authors using the singular

652: 537: 9057:

The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century

8614:"Sorry, grammar nerds. The singular 'they' has been declared Word of the Year" 8053: 7251: 6485: 6483: 6116:"RT @pieskiis: @FireboltX What about they/them/theirs? #genderqueer #pronouns" 5692: 4787: 3945: 2881:"We can't afford to squander anyone's talents, whatever colour their skin is." 2528: 2034: 757:

The earliest known explicit recommendation by a grammarian to use the generic

9690: 9643: 9638: 9032: 9014: 8948: 8780: 8576: 8542: 8061: 7631: 6166: 6007: 5968: 5727: 5719: 5679:

Balhorn, Mark (2009). "The epicene pronoun in contemporary newspaper prose".

5018: 4458: 4236: 4228: 3618: 2869: 2698: 364: 7911: 7637:

The Works of William Paley: The principles of moral and political philosophy

5653: 3922: 3914: 66: 9633: 8484: 7484: 6480: 6041: 4080:; in American English such collective nouns are more usually followed by a 3090:, but more restricted when referring to common nouns as antecedents, as in 2648: 2418:

APA style also endorses using they/them if it is someone's (for example, a

1333:

to be third-person singular with a non-indeterminate, singular antecedent.

323: 8940: 4076:

Especially in British English, such collective nouns can be followed by a

3975:

to refer to a person might indicate antipathy or other negative emotions.

3941: 2293:

and apparently regrets the resistance by the American language community:

8285:"Federation Press Style Guide for Use in Preparation of Book Manuscripts" 7978: 7645: 7137: 4982: 3506:. The simplest examples are applied to groups of two, and use words like 3026:

recommends "gender-neutral language should be used", stating that use of

2774: 2461:

Not to be used when the antecedent is a distributive expression, such as

2437: 2361:

Normally, a singular antecedent requires a singular pronoun. But because

2214: 1345:

had become the most frequently used generic pronoun (rather than generic

1125:"... when indefinite pronouns are used as antecedents, they require 989: 874: 168: 7252:"Canadian War Veterans Allowance Act (1985) as amended 12 December 2013" 7229: 4151: 2713:

is still disapproved of by grammarians but common in colloquial speech.

2345:, the University of Chicago Press explicitly recommended using singular 888:

It has been argued that the real motivation for promoting the "generic"

810:

An English Grammar for the Use of High School, Academy and College Class

630:

for use in Canadian federal legislative texts and advises against using

9666: 8069: 7559: 7438:

Anima Poetæ: From the Unpublished Note-books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge

7211: 7089: 7087: 6396:"'Billions' Premiere Introduces TV's First Gender Non-Binary Character" 4043: 3494:

members of a group. They are typically marked in English by words like

3024:

Federation Press Style Guide for Use in Preparation of Book Manuscripts

2916:... it is now regarded ... as old-fashioned or sexist to use 2652: 2419: 1372:, or something similar, but this is often considered awkward or overly 951:, this advice was ignored; even writers of the period continued to use 840: 609: 493: 292: 283: 172: 8788: 7928: 7627:, 1983, as an example of its awkwardness when referring to both sexes. 6977: 5149: 3253: 1914:

With representatives of a class previously referred to in the singular

6365:"Merriam-Webster adds the nonbinary pronoun 'they' to its dictionary" 6272: 3557: 3321: 2798: 2013:

had to go to hospital for a month." (definite person, not identified)

701:

to refer to an indefinite person of any gender, as in the following:

660: 46: 8891:

The Handbook of Non-Sexist Writing for Writers, Editors and Speakers

8360:. N.B.: This is not the English usage authority Henry Watson Fowler. 7707:

The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray: in 22 Volumes: Vanity fair

7084: 9533:, "He, She, One, They, Ho, Hus, Hum, Ita" (review of Dennis Baron, 8772: 7349:

The right plesaunt and goodly historie of the foure sonnes of Aymon

7166:. Liberal Publication Department (Great Britain) (published 1915). 7020: 7018: 7016: 6953: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6852: 6427:"Asia Kate Dillon Talks Discovering the Word Non-Binary: 'I Cried'" 5866: 5815: 5813: 5229: 5227: 5006: 3937: 3549: 3541: 2073: 1505:

Sarah Lonsdale, "Sharp Practice Pricks Reputation of Acupuncture".

8187:"Facebook goes beyond 'male' and 'female' with new gender options" 6225:

Generic and Nonbinary Pronouns: Usage, Acceptability and Attitudes

5091: 5089: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4049:

Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns

3981:

can also be used for non-human animals of unspecified sex, though

959:

remained acceptable until at least the 1960s, though some uses of

644:

Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns

163:

has become more common and formally accepted with the move toward

147:

had emerged by the 14th century, about a century after the plural

9552: 6135: 5955:"Confused by All the New Facebook Genders? Here's What They Mean" 5498:"The Words that Failed: A chronology of early nonbinary pronouns" 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 3650: 2701:

and published in 1965) continues to recommend use of the generic

2067: 8759:

Kolln, Martha (1986). "Everyone's Right to Their Own Language".

7013: 6888: 6811: 6787: 6729: 6727: 5825: 5810: 5633: 5224: 5137: 5113: 4315:"The Pedant: The sheer usefulness of singular 'they' is obvious" 7910:

Arnold, Jennifer E; Venkatesh, Ranjani; Vig, Zachary A (2024).

7030: 6941: 5734: 5426: 5086: 4994: 4946: 4911: 3933: 3416: 2944:, but should not be imposed by an editor if an author has used 2261:, and avoidance where possible because its use is stigmatized. 1629: 1048:

In some cases the antecedent may refer to persons who are only

666:

Informal spoken English exhibits universal use of the singular

35:

A sticker indicating the wearer's use of singular they pronouns

7823: 6923: 5414: 5366: 5323: 5024: 4934: 4177: 2142:

The vote followed the previous year's approval of this use by

1539:

wife, husband, adopted child, adopted parent or close friend."

9367:"The Post drops the 'mike' – and the hyphen in 'e-mail'" 6876: 6763: 6751: 6739: 6724: 6617: 6615: 6334:"Merriam-Webster adds nonbinary 'they' pronoun to dictionary" 5623: 5621: 5572: 5570: 3630: 2957: 2425: 1595:

can solve the problem?". Example given by Huddleston et al.;

1287:

as a generic term to include men and women and of the use of

7887:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

6864: 6799: 6775: 5582: 4587:"Merriam-Webster: Non-binary pronoun 'they' is word of year" 4429:"Singular They Continues to be the Focus of Language Change" 3796:, particularly when the antecedent is nonreferential" (e.g. 3372:

No one is willing to work for those wages anymore, are they?

2454:). In the 3rd edition (1979), the recommendation was still: 2395:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

2191:

playing Taylor Mason. Both actor and character use singular

2113:

documents an example from 2008 in an article in the journal

1077:

actually cares about it. More likely if she cares about it!"

1038:"The patient should be informed of his therapeutic options." 220:. In 2020, the American Dialect Society also selected it as 9131: 8212:. Studies in English Language. Cambridge University Press. 7535:"The innovators: the app promising the perfect-fitting bra" 6929: 6905: 6489: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5443: 5441: 4818:"Singular Nonbinary 'They': Is it 'they are' or 'they is'?" 4744:

is treated as a grammatical plural and takes a plural verb.

4620:"Merriam-Webster declares 'they' its 2019 word of the year" 3568: 2035:

Use for specific, known people, including non-binary people

1769:

Which are apparent because they do not work with a generic

1695:'I never did get into that football thing', she said after 1399:, again in this context, Word of the Decade for the 2010s. 1376:, particularly when used excessively. In 2016, the journal 1117:

In 2010, Choy and Clark still recommend the use of generic

861:"Had the Doctor been contented to take my dining tables as 407: 143: 7912:"Gender competition in the production of nonbinary 'they'" 6712: 6639: 6627: 6612: 6451: 5618: 5567: 3370:. Sixty-four percent of panel members accept the sentence 2240: 2198: 1291:

to refer to any human, regardless of sex (social gender).

227: 7951:"[Letter commenting on] Hypersexism And the Feds" 6840: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6543: 6531: 6470: 6468: 6466: 5188: 5074: 5062: 4958: 2670: 1721:

There are examples where the antecedent pronoun (such as

1052:

male or to occupations traditionally thought of as male:

697:, it has historically been acceptable to use the pronoun 7855: 7761:. Cambridge; New York: Professional Communications Inc. 6278: 5849: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5438: 5178: 5176: 5125: 5043:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3854:

The study concluded that "the increased use of singular

3591:

In some sentences, typically those including words like

3201:

agreed that he or she would bring his or her lunch with

2329:

is fast receding" in all national varieties of English.

1929:

Even when referring to a class of persons of known sex,

1843: 1480:

tells you that America's best days are behind her, then

1368:. A solution in formal writing has often been to write " 929:"The Masculine gender is more worthy than the Feminine." 8889:

Miller, Casey; Swift, Kate (1995) . Mosse, Kate (ed.).

8799:

The Doctrine of Correctness in English Usage, 1700-1800

8767:(1). National Council of Teachers of English: 100–102. 8438:

Foertsch, Julie; Gernsbacher, Morton Ann (March 1997).

6149:

Zimmer, Ben; Solomon, Jane; Carson, Charles E. (2016).

6091:(Online ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2021. 6006:

Arnold, Jennifer E.; Mayo, Heather; Dong, Lisa (2021).

5936: 5934: 5594: 4379: 3614:

seats." (where each person is associated with one seat)

3338:

by modern writers of note and mainstream publications:

3067:

sense, comparable to the purportedly extended sense of

2843:

provides a gender-free pronoun, avoiding the exclusive

9567:

Anyone who had a heart (would know their own language)

8239:

Duží, Marie; Jespersen, Bjørn; Materna, Pavel (2010).

7001: 6989: 6823: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6463: 6260: 5299: 5200: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 2225:

is more accepted in British or American English, with

2043:

if the individual's gender is unknown to the speaker.

1832:

was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, but

1795:

was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, and

1747:

was crouched behind the furniture to surprise me, and

159:

who consider it an error. Its continued use in modern

9101:"Sweden's gender-neutral 3rd-person singular pronoun" 8871:

Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage

6965: 6065: 6063: 5890: 5837: 5758: 5660: 5606: 5477: 5465: 5453: 5311: 5287: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5173: 5050: 3625:

explain sentences like this (and others) in terms of

3474:

go not to be killed), hence idiomatically requiring

3448:

Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage

3422:

Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage

3037: 2805:"If someone loves animals, they should protect them." 1669: 1102:

Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage

9436:"New Bible draws critics of gender-neutral language" 8907: 8238: 8125:(17th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2017. 8105:(14th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 1993. 7412:"Letters to his Son, CCCLV, dated 27 April 27, 1759" 7346:

Caxton, William (1884) . Richardson, Octavia (ed.).

6858: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5872: 5390: 5378: 5342: 4970: 4391: 4367: 3944:") is different from the plural reflexive pronoun (" 3917:") is different from its plural reflexive pronoun (" 3530:(1805), referring to a fleet crewed by male sailors) 3466:

is syntactically singular (taking the singular form

3277: 2634: 2257:(4th ed., 2016) recommends cautious use of singular 1961:

may also be used with antecedents of mixed genders:

1577:

had been misled." Example given by Huddleston et al.

9608: 9481:Wilson, Thomas (1560). Mair, George Herbert (ed.). 8683:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 8437: 7685:"US elections: Hillary Clinton 'about to drop out'" 7659:Shakespeare, W.; Loffelt, Antonie Cornelis (1867). 7435:Coleridge, Samuel (1895). Coleridge, Ernest (ed.). 7310: 7280: 7250: 7220:. A. and W. Galignani – via Internet Archive. 7024: 6148: 5746: 5354: 5275: 5212: 5000: 4294: 4119: 3808:) rather than referring to a specific person (e.g. 3377: 3254:

Older style guides (not newly published after 2000)

3249:

hated the film." Example given by Huddleston et al.

2920:in reference to a person of unspecified sex, as in 2811:"If people love animals, they should protect them." 2325:Garner also notes that "resistance to the singular 2002:may be used in order to ignore or conceal the sex. 1995:

is unacceptable. Example given by Huddleston et al.

1891:"A starting point would be to give more support to 1848:The singular antecedent can also be a noun such as 9315:Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue 9269: 8966: 8397: 8384: 8337: 8258: 7909: 7884: 7683: 7566:. Vol. 111. British Broadcasting Corporation. 7036: 6060: 5902: 5878: 5785: 5402: 5161: 4843: 4485:"Resources for using "they" as a singular pronoun" 4150: 3788:is a cognitively efficient substitute for generic 3322:The American Heritage Book of English Usage (1996) 2733:Over the centuries, writers of standing have used 1256: 1129:subject, object, and possessive pronouns ..." 659:with a plural antecedent, which was borrowed from 272:Inflected forms of third-person personal pronouns 155:has been criticised since the mid-18th century by 8988:Ostade, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van (28 August 2000). 8419:Fowler, H. W. (2015). Butterfield, Jeremy (ed.). 8023:"Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar: Singular 7755:Weiss, R. E.; Kaplan, S. A.; Fair, W. R. (2004). 7651:The Works of John Ruskin: The Crown of Wild Olive 6185: 5914: 5101: 3888: 3858:is not problematic for the majority of readers". 2521:was still proscribed against, but use of generic 2245: 1407:The singular antecedent can be a pronoun such as 192:who do not exclusively identify as male or female 9688: 9503: 8697: 8671: 8395: 8283: 8152:Choy, Penelope; Clark, Dorothy Goldbart (2010). 7976: 7093: 6983: 6899: 6882: 6793: 6284: 5987: 5831: 5819: 5740: 5432: 5233: 5143: 5119: 5095: 5012: 4988: 4952: 4928: 4855: 4405:. Cambridge University Press. 16 November 2020. 4198: 3909:for singular referents. For "you", the singular 3865:, vs never when speaking about someone who used 1904:Ronald Severn, "Protecting the Secretary Bird". 1402: 1268:In 1808, poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge suggested 9434: 9224:"This Pronoun Is the Word of the Year for 2015" 9146:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 8868: 8444:a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic 8319:(2nd ed.). Scolar Press (published 1974). 7799:"'They' was just named 2015's Word of the Year" 7754: 6959: 6947: 6870: 5420: 5372: 5336: 4940: 4399:"Singular "They": Teaching a Changing Language" 3520:England expects that every man will do his duty 3261:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 2540:, who wrote a number of books on writing with " 2234:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 1998:Even for a definite known person of known sex, 1883:Macmillan Dictionary of Business and Management 1457:an American newspaper (1984); quoted by Fowler. 9569:" by Geoff Pullum. Transcript of a radio talk. 8990:"Female grammarians of the eighteenth century" 6113: 6005: 4149: 3718:Reference to a hypothetical, indefinite entity 3131:(since only the latter implies a plural set). 2802:of London) recommends avoiding sentences like 2332: 2281:resist this development more than speakers of 2097:" has long been used with antecedents such as 2046:A known individual may also be referred to as 1109:"A Member of Parliament should always live in 1091:"Now, a writer is entitled to have a Roget on 1026:to refer to a generic or indefinite antecedent 800:as a gender-neutral pronoun on the grounds of 19:"They/them" redirects here. For the film, see 9594: 9167:Delivering the Framework for Teaching English 8681:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 8440:"In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular 8363: 8336:Fowler, Henry Ramsey; Aaron, Jane E. (1992). 7445: 7048: 6769: 6757: 6745: 6215: 4276:Lavender Languages and Linguistics Conference 3747:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 3155:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured 3148:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured 3141:"Either the husband or the wife has perjured 3044:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 2618: 1597:The Cambridge Grammar of the English language 685: 590:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 244:, and has the same inflected forms as plural 97:umbrella in the office. Could you please let 9487:. Clarendon (published 1909). Archived from 8575: 8541: 8382: 7446:Collins, Chris; Postal, Paul Martin (2012). 7408:Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope Earl of 7406: 6817: 6805: 6781: 6231:(PhD). University of Helsinki. p. 221. 4756:Kruth, Rebecca; Curzan, Ann (16 June 2019). 3680:Coreferential with an indefinite antecedent: 3434:goes to battle to be killed." ... "But 3123:is considered problematic when referring to 3063:plural, can also be singular in a secondary 3017: 2563: 1922:being irrational or is he right? Of course, 1630:Notional plurality or pairwise relationships 1582:With an interrogative pronoun as antecedent: 1564:hand up." Example given by Huddleston et al. 1364:may owe in part to an increasing desire for 651:with a singular antecedent goes back to the 82:. It typically occurs with an indeterminate 9267: 9248: 8893:(3rd British ed.). The Women's Press. 8888: 8707:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar 8421:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage 8335: 7658: 6935: 6911: 6733: 6718: 6633: 6621: 5588: 5576: 5194: 4755: 4581: 4579: 4548: 4546: 3963:?" or "With this new haircut, no one knows 3881:in writing, in speech people used singular 3342:Most of the Usage Panel rejects the use of 3328:The American Heritage Book of English Usage 3186:doesn't have a genuinely sex-neutral sense. 3168:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar 3047:discusses the prescriptivist argument that 2922:every child needs to know that he is loved. 2685:is recommended. It is stated that singular 2517:In the 4th edition (2000), use of singular 2301:He regards the trend toward using singular 1527:to call again later." Example given by Swan 1221:, etc., after gender-neutral nouns such as 1183:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage 796:Nineteenth-century grammarians insisted on 655:of the 14th century (slightly younger than 186:In the early 21st century, use of singular 9601: 9587: 9504:Wolfram, Walt; Schilling, Natalie (2016). 9199:"On Language; You Not Tarzan, Me Not Jane" 8802:. Russell & Russell (published 1962). 8383:Fowler, H. W.; Gowers, Sir Ernest (1965). 8048:(2). Cambridge University Press: 129–146. 7448:Imposters: A Study of Pronominal Agreement 7261:. 12 December 2013. R.S.C., 1985, c. W-3. 5783: 5639: 4758:"TWTS: Singular "they" and verb agreement" 4680: 4678: 4653:"Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019" 4647: 4645: 4614: 4612: 4554:"2015 Word of the Year is singular "they"" 3932:Singular "they" has also been compared to 3222:"Among younger speakers", use of singular 1357:to be used as a singular epicene pronoun. 725:(1879); quoted by Baskervill & Sewell. 194:, as in, for example, "This is my friend, 190:with known individuals emerged for people 9410: 9298:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 9221: 8973:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8839: 8474: 8396:Fowler, H. W.; Burchfield, R. W. (1996). 8257: 8151: 7977:Baskervill, W. M.; Sewell, J. W. (1895). 7948: 7927: 7726: 7700: 7434: 6846: 6659:"Gendered Pronouns & Singular "They"" 6594:"The Use of Singular "They" in APA Style" 6266: 6031: 5666: 5612: 5557: 5526: 5447: 5131: 4421: 3955:is primarily used for inanimate objects, 1972:mind." Example given by Huddleston et al. 670:. An examination by Jürgen Gerner of the 389:If I lose my phone, my daughter lends me 9506:American English: Dialects and Variation 9458: 9335:Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English 9163: 8955: 8818: 8344:(5th ed.). HarperCollins. pp. 7736:The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray 7681: 7156:"Speech in Portsmouth, 10 November 1910" 7115: 6645: 6362: 6221: 5705: 5504:. University of Illinois. Archived from 5396: 5384: 4576: 4543: 4451: 4385: 4269: 3653:of the equivalent referential pronouns. 3569:Referential and non-referential anaphors 3051:is a plural pronoun and that the use of 2278: 2039:Known individuals may be referred to as 1788:began to laugh." Example given by Kolln. 1740:began to laugh." Example given by Kolln. 1069:"Kitchen table issues ... are ones 433:If I lose my phone, my children lend me 30: 9389: 9317:. New York: Columbia University Press. 9268:Strunk, William; White, E. B. (2000) . 9008: 8795: 8364:Fowler, H. W.; Crystal, David (2009) . 8209:Gender Shifts in the History of English 8119: 8099: 7634:; Paley, Edmund; Paxton, James (1825). 7368: 7150: 6591: 6549: 6537: 6457: 6424: 6393: 6363:Trammell, Kendall (18 September 2019). 5678: 5627: 5305: 5206: 5036: 4675: 4642: 4609: 4521:"Words We're Watching: Singular 'They'" 4210: 3775: 3401:'Tis meet that some more audience than 3138:, the following all being problematic: 2934:everyone needs to feel that they matter 2750:points in another direction altogether. 2681:(published in 1926) use of the generic 2282: 2273:is more acceptable in British English: 2241:Usage guidance in American style guides 2199:Acceptability and prescriptive guidance 2077:, and to designate pronouns, including 1670:§ Grammatical and logical analysis 617: 228:Inflected forms and derivative pronouns 9689: 9535:What's Your Pronoun? Beyond He and She 9480: 9464:Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace 9249:Strunk, William; White, E. B. (1979). 9196: 9095: 9053: 9031: 8987: 8964: 8926: 8723: 8522: 8498: 8418: 8309: 8205: 8020: 7999: 7644: 7570: 7557: 7532: 7506:. Cambridge University Press Archive. 7464: 7345: 7182: 7136: 7118:"A One Way One Person Mission to Mars" 7007: 6995: 6834: 6525: 6513: 6501: 6474: 6375:from the original on 19 September 2019 6344:from the original on 19 September 2019 6193:"Gender Census 2020: Worldwide Report" 5908: 5896: 5884: 5843: 5798:from the original on 15 September 2023 5771: 5600: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5408: 5317: 5293: 5269: 5257: 5245: 5182: 5167: 5155: 5080: 5068: 5056: 4976: 4964: 4849: 4373: 3929:" for the singular reflexive pronoun. 3741:wanted to accept work as a mercenary?" 3730:wanted to accept work as a mercenary?" 3208:or even "flatly ungrammatical", as in 3097:should be told at the outset how much 2671:Usage guidance in British style guides 2599: 2221:Sources differ about whether singular 2159:s copy editor, said that the singular 1419:, or an interrogative pronoun such as 984:struggle for social progress ..." 564:If I lose my phone, my child lends me 521:If I lose my phone, my child lends me 477:If I lose my phone, my child lends me 260:), except that in the reflexive form, 123:should be told at the outset how much 9582: 9364: 9352:from the original on 13 December 2023 9331: 9312: 9184:from the original on 13 December 2023 9086: 9074:from the original on 13 December 2023 8806:from the original on 13 December 2020 8761:College Composition and Communication 8758: 8746:from the original on 13 December 2023 8659:from the original on 13 December 2023 8638: 8599:from the original on 13 December 2023 8400:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 8323:from the original on 13 December 2023 8226:from the original on 13 December 2023 8172:from the original on 13 December 2023 7843:from the original on 13 December 2023 7796: 7775:from the original on 13 December 2023 7742:from the original on 13 December 2023 7714:from the original on 13 December 2023 7696:from the original on 11 January 2022. 7669:from the original on 13 December 2023 7665:. J. L. Beijers en J. van Boekhoven. 7630: 7613:from the original on 13 December 2023 7545:from the original on 27 February 2017 7520:from the original on 13 December 2023 7497: 7483: 7441:. London, England: William Heinemann. 7422:from the original on 13 December 2023 7394:from the original on 13 December 2023 7224: 7210: 7170:from the original on 13 December 2023 6971: 6690:"Making a case for a singular 'they'" 6669:from the original on 20 February 2019 6203:from the original on 10 November 2020 6069: 6048:from the original on 13 December 2023 5952: 5940: 5925: 5860: 5348: 5281: 5218: 5107: 4873:from the original on 11 November 2020 4768:from the original on 13 February 2020 4730:from the original on 22 February 2020 4597:from the original on 11 December 2019 4409:from the original on 25 November 2020 4300: 4145: 4143: 3921:"); with "they" one can hear either " 3409:partial, should o'erhear the speech." 3382: 3162:On the motivation for using singular 2718:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 2655:accept or recommend singular uses of 2615:for a "gender-nonconforming person". 2269:Garner suggests that use of singular 2107:is in a tweet from 2009; the journal 1940:, because I'm not afraid of shocking 1844:Use with a generic noun as antecedent 1755:were there." Example given by Garner. 1625:." Example given by Huddleston et al. 1336: 9377:from the original on 17 January 2020 9290: 9236:from the original on 10 January 2016 8969:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage 8827:from the original on 17 January 2016 8387:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 8366:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 8193:from the original on 16 October 2018 8185:Griggs, Brandon (13 February 2014). 7987:from the original on 14 October 2013 7592: 7502:. In Bolton, W. F.; Crystal (eds.). 7191: 7124:from the original on 9 February 2014 6573:from the original on 31 October 2020 6439:from the original on 5 December 2018 6356: 6326: 6126:from the original on 10 October 2019 5787:"Transplant Jury to Vet Live Donors" 5784:Ballantyne, Aileen (25 March 1990). 5752: 5539:from the original on 27 October 2016 5535:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 5360: 4899:from the original on 12 January 2023 4798:from the original on 9 February 2023 4630:from the original on 25 January 2021 4501:from the original on 25 January 2021 4439:from the original on 1 November 2020 4312: 4171:participating institution membership 4134: 4082:singular verb and a singular pronoun 3831:On the other hand, when the pronoun 3194:can be "far too cumbersome", as in: 3034:as singular pronouns is acceptable. 2816:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage 2678:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 1951:should be forced to testify against 1509:15 December 1991, as cited by Garner 1185:calls this "the now outmoded use of 967:Indeterminate persons of both sexes: 348:If I lose my phone, my son lends me 108:"My personal rule is to never trust 9442:. Associated Press. 17 March 2011. 9276:(4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. 9253:(3rd ed.). Allyn & Bacon. 9209:from the original on 7 January 2017 9164:Ross, Michael; West, Keith (2002). 9011:The Handbook of Language and Gender 8626:from the original on 8 January 2016 8611: 8184: 7883: 7857:"2015 Word of the Year is singular 7829:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1996. 7811:from the original on 9 January 2016 6924:American Heritage Dictionaries 1996 6394:Hibberd, James (19 February 2017). 6296: 6290: 6222:Hekanaho, Laura (8 December 2020). 5993: 5025:American Heritage Dictionaries 1996 4696:from the original on 4 January 2020 3951:While the pronoun set derived from 3905:, but by the 18th century replaced 3901:, which had been both a plural and 3556:, c. 95 AD, regarding the death of 3486:Distributive constructions apply a 2501:The assessment, in 1979, was that: 1908:, 6 January 1992; quoted by Garner. 1387:identify as neither male nor female 1073:can actually do something about if 1043:a text about prostate cancer (2004) 793:" (Ann Fisher as quoted by Ostade) 678:more often than the gender-neutral 622:The Canadian government recommends 13: 9573:A brief history of singular 'they' 9524: 9222:Steinmetz, Katy (8 January 2016). 8819:Liberman, Mark (11 January 2015). 8467:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00691.x 8158:(8th ed.). Cengage Learning. 8087:from the original on 26 April 2023 7936:from the original on 24 April 2024 7893:American Psychological Association 7640:. C. and J. Rivington and J. Nunn. 7298:from the original on 19 April 2014 7268:from the original on 19 April 2014 7072:from the original on 24 March 2022 6600:from the original on 21 March 2019 6425:Masters, Jeffrey (13 April 2017). 6406:from the original on 28 April 2019 5873:Duží, Jespersen & Materna 2010 5495: 4792:American Psychological Association 4251:from the original on 17 April 2023 4140: 3038:Usage guidance in English grammars 2835:It expresses several preferences. 2402:American Psychological Association 2389:and its forms are often preferred. 2289:is already more or less standard." 1936:"I swear more when I'm talking to 816:on the basis of number agreement. 791:any Person who knows what he says. 626:as the reflexive form of singular 14: 9723: 9559: 9508:(3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. 9446:from the original on 5 March 2016 9422:from the original on 2 March 2013 9197:Safire, William (28 April 1985). 8912:. Oxford University Press. 2012. 8796:Leonard, Sterling Andrus (1929). 8139:from the original on 2 March 2021 8008:from the original on 12 July 2014 7963:from the original on 28 June 2017 7871:from the original on 6 March 2023 7533:Hickey, Shane (10 January 2015). 7291:. 6 February 2014. SOR/2002-227. 6700:from the original on 6 April 2017 6687: 6314:from the original on 29 June 2020 6248:from the original on 7 March 2021 6173:from the original on 17 July 2022 5953:Weber, Peter (21 February 2014). 5529:"The ultimate 21st-Century word?" 5527:Macdonald, Fiona (23 June 2016). 4531:from the original on 18 June 2023 4465:from the original on 4 April 2023 4355:from the original on 5 March 2023 4325:from the original on 19 June 2019 4313:Kamm, Oliver (12 December 2015). 3897:can be compared with the pronoun 3108:has asked me to go over and help 3007:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing 2644:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing 2636:The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing 2422:person's) preferred pronoun set. 1276:as neutral pronouns for the word 748:(1869); Baskervill & Sewell, 9712:Modern English personal pronouns 9575:(OED word stories, Dennis Baron) 9091:. Scolar Press (published 1967). 9035:(1995) . "The Language Mavens". 8996:from the original on 9 June 2011 7318:. 7 January 2015. Archived from 7238:from the original on 2 July 2014 7116:Atkinson, Nancy (4 March 2008). 7054: 7037:Arnold, Venkatesh & Vig 2024 6688:Easton, Lauren (24 March 2017). 6681: 6651: 6585: 6555: 6418: 6387: 6142: 6114:@thebutchcaucus (11 July 2009). 6107: 6095:from the original on 8 June 2021 6075: 5999: 5946: 4893:"A Note on the Nonbinary 'They'" 4716:"Chicago Style for the Singular 4560:. 9 January 2016. Archived from 4282:from the original on 25 May 2023 4087: 4078:plural verb and a plural pronoun 3546:A Collection of English Proverbs 3378:Grammatical and logical analysis 2808:by using a plural construction: 2724:and published in 1996) singular 2716:According to the third edition, 869:senses would have done ..." 812:of 1895, but prefer the generic 116:had a good time in high school." 9365:Walsh, Bill (4 December 2015). 9107:from the original on 8 May 2016 8956:Paterson, Laura Louise (2014). 7789: 7758:Management of Prostate Diseases 7376:. In Benson, Larry Dean (ed.). 7025:Foertsch & Gernsbacher 1997 6012:Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 5975:from the original on 7 May 2016 5777: 5699: 5672: 5520: 5489: 5158:, p. 106 in 1780 printing. 5030: 4885: 4810: 4780: 4749: 4708: 4513: 4477: 4270:Loughlin, Ayden (23 May 2021). 4070: 4061: 3893:The singular and plural use of 3481: 3470:), but is semantically plural ( 3458:, in the Shakespeare quotation 2904:, and suggests cautious use of 2794:The Times Style and Usage Guide 2531:The Basics of Clarity and Grace 1310:approved of the use of generic 1257:Rise of gender-neutral language 1121:"in formal speech or writing": 600:might seem incongruous, as in: 134:should not be forced to reveal 9338:. Cambridge University Press. 8935:(2). John Benjamins: 353–389. 8709:. Cambridge University Press. 8505:Garner's Modern American Usage 7973:As quoted by Miller and Swift. 7797:Abadi, Mark (8 January 2016). 7738:. Vol. 20. Smith, Elder. 7682:Spillius, Alex (12 May 2008). 7416:The Works of Lord Chesterfield 5502:Illinois Department of English 5046:(5th ed.). HarperCollins. 4337: 4306: 4263: 4217:Journal of English Linguistics 4204: 3889:Comparison with other pronouns 3851:for a specific truck driver). 3390:is the idea that some uses of 2339:In the 14th edition (1993) of 2254:Garner's Modern American Usage 2247:Garner's Modern American Usage 1784:in the room was singing; then 1736:in the room was singing; then 1662:cannot be replaced by generic 1360:The increased use of singular 375:When my daughter cries, I hug 16:Gender-neutral English pronoun 1: 8525:Garner's Modern English Usage 8000:Berry, Chris; Brizee, Allen. 7949:Badendyck, C. (7 July 1985). 7710:. Vol. 2. Smith, Elder. 7196:. Oklahoma State University. 6279:American Dialect Society 2016 5373:Weiss, Kaplan & Fair 2004 4459:"How do I use singular they?" 4433:ACES: The Society for Editing 4112: 3780:A study of whether "singular 3297:Although some experts accept 2695:Fowler's Modern English Usage 2381:(or the nonstandard singular 2285:, in which the indeterminate 2228:Garner's Modern English Usage 1987:might be acceptable to some, 1799:tried to. But I already knew 1751:tried to. But I already knew 1403:Use with a pronoun antecedent 1176:Choy, Basic Grammar and Usage 1144:Choy, Basic Grammar and Usage 1082:Hillary Rodham Clinton (2008) 264:is sometimes used instead of 8642:Between Syntax and Semantics 8612:Guo, Jeff (8 January 2016). 7728:Thackeray, William Makepeace 7702:Thackeray, William Makepeace 7109:Sources of original examples 7094:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 6984:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 6900:Huddleston & Pullum 2005 6794:Fowler & Burchfield 1996 6563:"Changes in the 7th Edition" 5832:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 5820:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 5741:Fowler & Burchfield 1996 5433:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 5234:Baskervill & Sewell 1895 5144:Baskervill & Sewell 1895 5120:Baskervill & Sewell 1895 5096:Fowler & Burchfield 1996 5013:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 4989:Fowler & Burchfield 1996 4953:Fowler & Burchfield 1996 4929:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 4740:Like singular you, singular 4199:Huddleston & Pullum 2002 4024:Gender neutrality in English 2796:(first published in 2003 by 2231:stating British English and 1002:Known persons of both sexes: 980:shall not be handicapped in 419:When my children cry, I hug 7: 9702:English usage controversies 9390:Warenda, Amy (April 1993). 9313:Teich, Nicholas M. (2012). 8840:Matossian, Lou Ann (1997). 8821:"Annals of singular "they"" 8732:. Rodopi. pp. 93–114. 8527:. Oxford University Press. 8508:. Oxford University Press. 8423:. Oxford University Press. 8404:. Oxford University Press. 8368:. Oxford University Press. 8122:The Chicago Manual of Style 8021:Bodine, Ann (August 1975). 7418:. Harper (published 1845). 7380:. Oxford University Press. 5642:Journal of Sociolinguistics 4211:Balhorn, Mark (June 2004). 4012: 3873:, suggesting that singular 3633:. Pinker prefers the terms 2965:instead of the traditional 2898:The Chicago Manual of Style 2525:was no longer recommended. 2357:, the recommendations are: 2342:The Chicago Manual of Style 2334:The Chicago Manual of Style 1991:seems less acceptable, and 1885:(1988), as cited by Garner. 1667: 1448:job it should be called to 976:should be so equipped that 550:When my child cries, I hug 507:When my child cries, I hug 463:When my child cries, I hug 10: 9728: 9412:10.37514/WAC-J.1993.4.1.09 8728:. In Kirk, John M. (ed.). 8579:; Gowers, Rebecca (2014). 8553:. H.M. Stationery Office. 8391:. Oxford University Press. 8340:The Little, Brown Handbook 7498:Fries, Joseph P. (1969) . 7354:Early English Text Society 7212:Byron, Baron George Gordon 7103: 6024:10.3758/s13423-021-01905-0 4788:"Welcome, singular "they"" 4525:Merriam-Webster dictionary 4213:"The Rise of Epicene They" 3737:, what would you think if 3733:"If you had an unemployed 3726:, what would you think if 3722:"If you had an unemployed 3287:The Little, Brown Handbook 3279:The Little, Brown Handbook 3071:to include female gender. 2821:Cambridge University Press 2628:Associated Press Stylebook 2620:Associated Press Stylebook 2440:, the original authors of 2237:stating American English. 1966:your father or your mother 1100:Barzun (1985), quoted in 641: 206:in this context was named 167:. Some early-21st-century 18: 9657: 9619: 8523:Garner, Bryan A. (2016). 8054:10.1017/s0047404500004607 7662:Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 7593:Lash, Joseph P. (1981) . 7374:"The Pardoner's Prologue" 7312:"Themself or Themselves?" 7192:Cuellar, Jessica (2008). 7049:Collins & Postal 2012 6770:Fowler & Crystal 1926 6758:Fowler & Crystal 1926 6746:Fowler & Crystal 1926 6567:Purdue Online Writing Lab 6088:Oxford English Dictionary 5693:10.1215/00031283-2009-031 4158:Oxford English Dictionary 4019:English personal pronouns 3816:). Clauses with singular 3536:"Every dog hath his day." 3101:will be required to pay." 3018:Australian usage guidance 2955:New International Version 2573:Purdue Online Writing Lab 2565:Purdue Online Writing Lab 2116:Women's Studies Quarterly 2104:Oxford English Dictionary 2052:non-binary or genderqueer 1766:?" Example given by Swan. 925:And Poole wrote in 1646: 781:, which comprehends both 536: 492: 448: 404: 363: 334:When my son cries, I hug 322: 157:prescriptive commentators 127:will be required to pay." 9143:; Svartvik, Jan (1985). 8992:. University of Leiden. 8645:. Taylor & Francis. 8639:Huang, C. T. J. (2009). 8551:The Complete Plain Words 8243:. Springer Netherlands. 8002:"Using Pronouns Clearly" 7916:Glossa Psycholinguistics 7865:American Dialect Society 7599:. Penguin Group Canada. 7578:. Kessinger Publishing. 7226:Cable, George Washington 7183:Barzun, Jacques (1985). 6818:Gowers & Gowers 2014 6806:Gowers & Fraser 1973 6782:Fowler & Gowers 1965 6167:10.1215/00031283-3633118 5720:10.1215/00031283-3509469 5001:Canadian government 2015 4991:, p. 776, themself. 4558:American Dialect Society 4403:World of Better Learning 4229:10.1177/0075424204265824 4054: 3714:didn't leave a message." 3703:didn't leave a message." 3692:didn't leave a message." 3676:didn't leave a message." 3548:(1670), originally from 2952:The 2011 edition of the 2756:The Complete Plain Words 2675:In the first edition of 2166:In 2019, the non-binary 2132:American Dialect Society 1873:attitudes conflict with 1718:at one time or another." 1531:"It will be illegal for 1500:up as an acupuncturist." 994:American English Grammar 831:must judge according to 735:who turns this page has 709:did not know it, it was 686:Prescription of generic 637: 214:American Dialect Society 86:, in sentences such as: 9697:Gender-neutral pronouns 9613:gender-neutral pronouns 9296:Practical English Usage 9054:Pinker, Steven (2014). 8910:New Oxford Style Manual 8724:Gerner, Jürgen (2000). 8269:/ Profile Books. 2010. 8155:Basic Grammar and Usage 6912:Fowler & Aaron 1992 6734:Miller & Swift 1995 6719:Miller & Swift 1995 6634:Strunk & White 2000 6622:Strunk & White 1979 5654:10.1111/1467-9481.00193 5589:Miller & Swift 1995 5577:Miller & Swift 1995 5195:Miller & Swift 1995 4163:Oxford University Press 3629:, a term borrowed from 3004:The British edition of 2894:Oxford University Press 2400:The 7th edition of the 2119:. As of 2020, singular 1977:the husband or the wife 1366:gender-neutral language 1251:Garner's Modern English 1060:would be completely by 938:(1646); cited by Bodine 719:George Washington Cable 672:British National Corpus 313:(independent genitive) 165:gender-neutral language 9548:London Review of Books 9484:The Arte of Rhetorique 8585:. London: Particular. 7493:. Brightly and Childs. 7062:"It is I vs. It is me" 3563: 3533: 3452: 3427: 3375: 3312: 3275: 3251: 3188: 2950: 2833: 2752: 2705:; use of the singular 2597: 2515: 2499: 2416: 2391: 2323: 2305:with antecedents like 2299: 2291: 2267: 2140: 2027:has apparently locked 1911: 1888: 1634:Although the pronouns 1627: 1601: 1579: 1566: 1535:to donate an organ to 1529: 1512: 1489: 1460: 1326: 1247: 1179: 1167:should let you borrow 1157:should let you borrow 1147: 1115: 1106: 1085: 1066: 1056:"It wouldn't be as if 1046: 1019: 999: 941: 923: 918:The arte of Rhetorique 908: 903:The arte of Rhetorique 886: 858: 755: 728: 615: 309:Predicative possessive 36: 9332:Wales, Katie (1996). 9272:The Elements of Style 9251:The Elements of Style 9117:... our pronoun 9089:The English Accidence 9087:Poole, Josua (1646). 9037:The Language Instinct 8960:. Palgrave Macmillan. 8941:10.1075/sl.22.2.04new 8699:Huddleston, Rodney D. 8455:Psychological Science 8261:Economist Style Guide 8206:Curzan, Anne (2003). 7490:The Family Instructor 7378:The Riverside Chaucer 6986:, pp. 1457–1458. 6883:Federation Press 2014 6859:New Hart's Rules 2012 6340:. 18 September 2019. 6151:"Among the New Words" 5448:Choy & Clark 2010 3534: 3516: 3428: 3405:, since nature makes 3396: 3340: 3295: 3266: 3239: 3172: 2914: 2874:refers to the use of 2829: 2731: 2586: 2529:Joseph M. Williams's 2503: 2456: 2443:The Elements of Style 2428:The Elements of Style 2426:Strunk & White's 2412: 2359: 2319: 2295: 2275: 2263: 2136: 2050:if the individual is 1944:". From an interview. 1918:"I had to decide: Is 1893:the company secretary 1889: 1867: 1615: 1585: 1567: 1554: 1513: 1490: 1474: 1438: 1322: 1195: 1151: 1123: 1107: 1089: 1067: 1054: 1036: 1005: 970: 936:The English Accidence 927: 909: 894: 859: 825: 765:in formal English is 729: 703: 642:Further information: 602: 382:My daughter tells me 304:(dependent genitive) 300:Prenominal possessive 141:This use of singular 49:or derivative forms, 34: 8965:Peters, Pam (2004). 8908:"New Hart's Rules". 7596:Eleanor and Franklin 7572:Huxley, Thomas Henry 7558:Hislop, Ian (1984). 7316:Government of Canada 7289:Government of Canada 7259:Government of Canada 7160:The Liberal Magazine 6960:Merriam-Webster 2002 6948:Merriam-Webster 2002 6871:Washington Post 2011 6696:. Associated Press. 6694:AP Definitive Source 6400:Entertainment Weekly 5421:Merriam-Webster 2002 5337:Merriam-Webster 2002 4941:Merriam-Webster 2002 4626:. 10 December 2019. 4593:. 10 December 2019. 4386:Ross & West 2002 3776:Cognitive efficiency 3772:windscreen broken." 3314:It recommends using 2864:individual ..." 2693:The second edition, 2203:Though both generic 1022:Contemporary use of 1014:Eleanor and Franklin 773:assertion that "The 769:'s mid-18th century 618:Regional preferences 426:My children tell me 396:My daughter dresses 80:third-person pronoun 9537:, Liveright, 2020, 9460:Williams, Joseph M. 9440:The Washington Post 9371:The Washington Post 9149:. Harlow: Longman. 8929:Studies in Language 8856:on 19 February 2012 8703:Pullum, Geoffrey K. 8619:The Washington Post 8559:1973cpw..book.....G 8267:The Economist Group 8042:Language in Society 7576:A Liberal Education 7096:, pp. 488–489. 6962:, pp. 735–736. 6926:, pp. 178–179. 6820:, pp. 210–213. 6199:. 7 November 2020. 5863:, pp. 100–102. 5630:, pp. 563–564. 5083:, pp. 111–112. 5071:, pp. 129–146. 5015:, pp. 493–494. 4967:, pp. 811–812. 4867:merriam-webster.com 4828:on 12 November 2020 4161:(Online ed.). 3584:you mentioned, are 3444:George Bernard Shaw 3352:the typical student 3115:Use of the pronoun 2912:presents problems. 2839:"Generic/universal 2608:The Washington Post 2601:The Washington Post 2145:The Washington Post 1933:is sometimes used: 1621:promised to behave 1374:politically correct 1294:It was argued that 847:(1823), quoted as " 273: 232:Like the "singular 9707:Grammatical number 9203:The New York Times 9170:. Nelson Thornes. 8673:Huddleston, Rodney 7980:An English Grammar 7956:The New York Times 7867:. 8 January 2016. 7146:. Richard Bentley. 6663:Purdue Writing Lab 5508:on 8 February 2019 4663:on 6 December 2020 4029:Notional agreement 3456:notional agreement 3420:(1599); quoted in 3388:Notional agreement 3383:Notional agreement 3174:this avoidance of 2878:in sentences like 2594:Purdue Writing Lab 2538:Joseph M. Williams 2434:William Strunk Jr. 2407:Publication Manual 2148:style guide, when 1926:were often right." 1836:instead surprised 1337:Contemporary usage 1308:The New York Times 1071:the next president 1058:the lone astronaut 974:every boy and girl 750:An English Grammar 739:own little diary." 557:My child tells me 514:My child tells me 470:My child tells me 440:My children dress 271: 222:Word of the Decade 216:, and for 2019 by 37: 9684: 9683: 9324:978-0-231-15712-4 9305:978-0-194-42098-3 9283:978-0-205-31342-6 9260:978-0-205-19158-1 9156:978-0-582-51734-9 9137:Greenbaum, Sidney 9099:(13 April 2012). 9024:978-0-631-22502-7 8980:978-3-125-33187-7 8919:978-0-199-65722-3 8874:. Penguin. 2002. 8739:978-90-420-0419-1 8716:978-0-521-84837-4 8690:978-0-521-43146-0 8652:978-0-203-87352-6 8592:978-0-241-96035-6 8568:978-0-11-700340-8 8534:978-0-19-049148-2 8515:978-0-19-516191-5 8430:978-0-19-966135-0 8411:978-0-198-61021-2 8375:978-0-199-58589-2 8355:978-0-673-52132-3 8276:978-1-846-68606-1 8265:(10th ed.). 8219:978-1-139-43668-7 8165:978-1-428-21155-1 8112:978-0-226-10389-1 8027:, Sex-Indefinite 7929:10.5070/G60111306 7863:(Press release). 7836:978-0-547-56321-3 7768:978-1-884-73595-0 7732:"On Lett's Diary" 7606:978-0-451-14076-0 7585:978-1-425-35760-3 7513:978-0-451-14076-0 7476:978-1-426-88577-8 7467:Prodigal Daughter 7387:978-0-199-55209-2 7370:Chaucer, Geoffrey 7217:Werner, a Tragedy 7203:978-0-549-99288-2 7187:. Harper and Row. 7185:Simple and Direct 7068:. 23 March 2021. 6736:, pp. 57–58. 6648:, pp. 23–25. 6540:, pp. 76–77. 6490:Quirk et al. 1985 5603:, pp. 46–47. 5591:, pp. 11–61. 4492:www1.ucdenver.edu 4345:"Singular "They"" 4169:(Subscription or 3911:reflexive pronoun 3841:that truck driver 3623:Rodney Huddleston 3001:, and the like." 2823:) finds singular 2772:A new edition of 2722:Robert Burchfield 2542:clarity and grace 744:W. M. Thackeray, 579: 578: 571:My child dresses 528:My child dresses 484:My child dresses 416:are my children. 45:, along with its 9719: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9580: 9579: 9543:978 1 63149 6042 9519: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9477: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9421: 9414: 9396: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9361: 9359: 9357: 9328: 9309: 9287: 9275: 9264: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9160: 9128: 9114: 9112: 9097:Pullum, Geoffrey 9092: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9050: 9028: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8984: 8972: 8961: 8952: 8923: 8904: 8885: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8855: 8848: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8792: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8720: 8694: 8677:Pullum, Geoffrey 8668: 8666: 8664: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8608: 8606: 8604: 8572: 8538: 8519: 8500:Garner, Bryan A. 8495: 8493: 8487:. Archived from 8478: 8452: 8434: 8415: 8403: 8392: 8390: 8379: 8359: 8343: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8296: 8290:. Archived from 8289: 8280: 8264: 8254: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8116: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8086: 8039: 8017: 8015: 8013: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7931: 7906: 7891:(5th ed.). 7890: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7804:Business Insider 7784: 7782: 7780: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7697: 7687: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7655: 7641: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7589: 7567: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7494: 7480: 7469:. Steeple Hill. 7461: 7442: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7342: 7329: 7327: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7297: 7286: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7267: 7256: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7221: 7207: 7188: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7147: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7097: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6945: 6939: 6936:Shakespeare 1599 6933: 6927: 6921: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6487: 6478: 6472: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6247: 6230: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6035: 6018:(5): 1688–1697. 6003: 5997: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5929: 5923: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5792:The Sunday Times 5789: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5565: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5496:Barron, Dennis. 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4824:. Archived from 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4737: 4735: 4726:. 3 April 2017. 4724:cmosshoptalk.com 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4682: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4659:. Archived from 4649: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4583: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4564:on 12 April 2016 4550: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4461:. 4 March 2020. 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4154: 4147: 4138: 4132: 4106: 4105:is / are smart." 4091: 4085: 4074: 4068: 4065: 3824:for a nurse and 3561: 3531: 3450: 3425: 3400: 3245:I was with said 3229:"You should ask 3190:The alternative 3106:A friend of mine 3074:Use of singular 2924:The alternative 2889:New Hart's Rules 2827:"unremarkable": 2595: 2284: 2280: 2189:Asia Kate Dillon 2158: 1964:"Let me know if 1909: 1886: 1694: 1673: 1510: 1486: 1458: 1440:"I feel that if 1192: 1177: 1145: 1104: 1083: 1044: 1017: 1012:Joseph P. Lash, 997: 972:"The ideal that 939: 921: 906: 884: 856: 802:number agreement 775:Masculine Person 753: 726: 613: 612:(1984), Fowler's 454: 372:is my daughter. 341:My son tells me 311: 302: 274: 270: 212:for 2015 by the 209:Word of the Year 181:personal pronoun 171:described it as 161:standard English 9727: 9726: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9717: 9716: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9680: 9672:Spivak pronouns 9653: 9615: 9607: 9562: 9531:Amia Srinivasan 9527: 9525:Further reading 9522: 9516: 9494: 9492: 9474: 9449: 9447: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9399:The WAC Journal 9394: 9380: 9378: 9355: 9353: 9346: 9325: 9306: 9284: 9261: 9239: 9237: 9212: 9210: 9187: 9185: 9178: 9157: 9141:Leech, Geoffrey 9133:Quirk, Randolph 9110: 9108: 9077: 9075: 9068: 9047: 9025: 8999: 8997: 8981: 8920: 8901: 8900:978-07043-44426 8882: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8846: 8830: 8828: 8809: 8807: 8749: 8747: 8740: 8717: 8691: 8662: 8660: 8653: 8629: 8627: 8602: 8600: 8593: 8569: 8535: 8516: 8491: 8450: 8431: 8412: 8376: 8356: 8326: 8324: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8277: 8251: 8229: 8227: 8220: 8196: 8194: 8175: 8173: 8166: 8142: 8140: 8133: 8113: 8090: 8088: 8084: 8037: 8011: 8009: 7990: 7988: 7966: 7964: 7939: 7937: 7903: 7874: 7872: 7846: 7844: 7837: 7814: 7812: 7792: 7787: 7778: 7776: 7769: 7745: 7743: 7717: 7715: 7672: 7670: 7654:. George Allen. 7625:Reader's Digest 7616: 7614: 7607: 7586: 7548: 7546: 7523: 7521: 7514: 7477: 7465:Davids (2010). 7458: 7425: 7423: 7397: 7395: 7388: 7359: 7357: 7325: 7323: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7284: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7254: 7241: 7239: 7231:Old Creole Days 7204: 7173: 7171: 7152:Bagehot, Walter 7127: 7125: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7092: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7047: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7023: 7014: 7006: 7002: 6994: 6990: 6982: 6978: 6970: 6966: 6958: 6954: 6946: 6942: 6934: 6930: 6922: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6898: 6889: 6881: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6845: 6841: 6833: 6824: 6816: 6812: 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6768: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6732: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6703: 6701: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6620: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6528:, pp. 196. 6524: 6520: 6516:, pp. 736. 6512: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6488: 6481: 6473: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6432:Huffington Post 6423: 6419: 6409: 6407: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6308:Merriam-Webster 6302: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6228: 6220: 6216: 6206: 6204: 6191: 6190: 6186: 6176: 6174: 6155:American Speech 6147: 6143: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6068: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6004: 6000: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5859: 5850: 5842: 5838: 5834:, p. 1473. 5830: 5826: 5822:, p. 1458. 5818: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5782: 5778: 5770: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5708:American Speech 5704: 5700: 5681:American Speech 5677: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5579:, pp. 1–9. 5575: 5568: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5494: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5304: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5181: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5055: 5051: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4848: 4844: 4831: 4829: 4822:Merriam Webster 4816: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4754: 4750: 4733: 4731: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4657:Merriam-Webster 4651: 4650: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4618: 4617: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4178: 4168: 4148: 4141: 4133: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4092: 4088: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4015: 3903:polite singular 3891: 3845:a runner I knew 3810:a runner I knew 3778: 3773: 3762: 3742: 3731: 3715: 3704: 3693: 3677: 3627:bound variables 3617:Linguists like 3615: 3589: 3571: 3562: 3540: 3532: 3526: 3484: 3451: 3442: 3438:do get killed." 3426: 3413: 3398: 3385: 3380: 3324: 3283: 3256: 3238: 3220: 3206: 3160: 3153: 3146: 3113: 3102: 3040: 3022:The Australian 3020: 2932:in this sense ( 2882: 2847:and the clumsy 2812: 2806: 2791: 2697:(edited by Sir 2673: 2639: 2623: 2604: 2596: 2593: 2568: 2535: 2446:, found use of 2431: 2398: 2355:Bryan A. Garner 2337: 2317:as inevitable: 2250: 2243: 2201: 2174:'s dictionary. 2172:Merriam-Webster 2156: 2110:American Speech 2037: 2032: 2031:in the office." 2014: 1996: 1973: 1956: 1945: 1927: 1910: 1906:Financial Times 1903: 1887: 1881: 1846: 1841: 1815: 1804: 1789: 1767: 1762:was late, were 1756: 1741: 1719: 1704: 1692: 1690: 1632: 1540: 1511: 1504: 1484: 1459: 1456: 1405: 1378:American Speech 1339: 1259: 1190: 1189:to mean 'anyone 1178: 1175: 1162: 1146: 1143: 1130: 1105: 1099: 1084: 1081: 1045: 1042: 1028: 1018: 1011: 998: 988: 940: 933: 922: 915: 907: 900: 885: 873: 857: 851:must judge of 839: 777:answers to the 754: 746:On Lett's Diary 743: 727: 723:Old Creole Days 717: 691: 646: 640: 620: 614: 608: 449: 355:My son dresses 312: 307: 303: 298: 290: 281: 230: 224:for the 2010s. 218:Merriam-Webster 139: 128: 117: 106: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9725: 9715: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9620: 9617: 9616: 9606: 9605: 9598: 9591: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9570: 9561: 9560:External links 9558: 9557: 9556: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9514: 9501: 9491:on 4 June 2016 9478: 9473:978-0205605354 9472: 9456: 9432: 9387: 9362: 9344: 9329: 9323: 9310: 9304: 9288: 9282: 9265: 9259: 9246: 9219: 9194: 9176: 9161: 9155: 9129: 9093: 9084: 9066: 9051: 9046:978-0140175295 9045: 9033:Pinker, Steven 9029: 9023: 9006: 8985: 8979: 8962: 8953: 8924: 8918: 8905: 8899: 8886: 8880: 8866: 8837: 8816: 8793: 8773:10.2307/357389 8756: 8738: 8721: 8715: 8695: 8689: 8669: 8651: 8636: 8609: 8591: 8577:Gowers, Ernest 8573: 8567: 8543:Gowers, Ernest 8539: 8533: 8520: 8514: 8496: 8494:on 2 May 2015. 8461:(2): 106–111. 8435: 8429: 8416: 8410: 8393: 8380: 8374: 8361: 8354: 8333: 8307: 8297:on 10 May 2013 8281: 8275: 8255: 8249: 8236: 8218: 8203: 8182: 8164: 8149: 8131: 8117: 8111: 8097: 8018: 7997: 7974: 7946: 7907: 7901: 7881: 7853: 7835: 7821: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7767: 7752: 7724: 7698: 7679: 7656: 7642: 7632:Paley, William 7628: 7605: 7590: 7584: 7568: 7555: 7530: 7512: 7495: 7481: 7475: 7462: 7457:978-0262016889 7456: 7443: 7432: 7404: 7386: 7366: 7356:. pp. 38f 7343: 7322:on 1 June 2016 7308: 7278: 7248: 7222: 7208: 7202: 7189: 7180: 7148: 7143:Mansfield Park 7134: 7112: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7083: 7053: 7041: 7029: 7012: 7010:, p. 379. 7000: 6998:, p. 378. 6988: 6976: 6974:, p. 144. 6964: 6952: 6950:, p. 736. 6940: 6938:, p. 105. 6928: 6916: 6914:, p. 354. 6904: 6902:, p. 104. 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6849:, p. 117. 6847:Economist 2010 6839: 6837:, p. 538. 6822: 6810: 6808:, p. 140. 6798: 6796:, p. 779. 6786: 6784:, p. 635. 6774: 6772:, p. 404. 6762: 6760:, p. 648. 6750: 6748:, p. 392. 6738: 6723: 6711: 6680: 6650: 6638: 6626: 6611: 6584: 6554: 6542: 6530: 6518: 6506: 6504:, p. 195. 6494: 6492:, p. 770. 6479: 6477:, p. 822. 6462: 6450: 6417: 6386: 6355: 6325: 6295: 6283: 6271: 6267:Steinmetz 2016 6259: 6237: 6214: 6184: 6161:(2): 200–225. 6141: 6106: 6074: 6059: 5998: 5986: 5945: 5930: 5913: 5901: 5899:, p. 643. 5889: 5877: 5875:, p. 334. 5865: 5848: 5846:, p. 161. 5836: 5824: 5809: 5776: 5774:, p. 175. 5757: 5755:, p. 101. 5745: 5743:, p. 776. 5733: 5698: 5687:(4): 391–413. 5671: 5667:Matossian 1997 5659: 5648:(3): 378–397. 5632: 5617: 5613:Badendyck 1985 5605: 5593: 5581: 5566: 5558:Coleridge 1895 5550: 5519: 5488: 5486:, p. 460. 5476: 5474:, p. 372. 5464: 5462:, p. 367. 5452: 5450:, p. 213. 5437: 5435:, p. 492. 5425: 5423:, p. 734. 5413: 5401: 5389: 5377: 5375:, p. 147. 5365: 5363:, p. 454. 5353: 5351:, p. 215. 5341: 5339:, p. 735. 5322: 5320:, p. 131. 5310: 5308:, p. 225. 5298: 5296:, p. 134. 5286: 5274: 5272:, p. 208. 5262: 5260:, p. 167. 5250: 5248:, p. 195. 5238: 5223: 5211: 5209:, p. 101. 5199: 5187: 5185:, p. 133. 5172: 5160: 5148: 5136: 5134:, p. 189. 5132:Thackeray 1869 5124: 5112: 5100: 5098:, p. 358. 5085: 5073: 5061: 5059:, p. 814. 5049: 5029: 5027:, p. 178. 5017: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4957: 4955:, p. 777. 4945: 4943:, p. 731. 4933: 4931:, p. 494. 4910: 4884: 4854: 4842: 4809: 4779: 4762:Michigan Radio 4748: 4707: 4690:Deutsche Welle 4674: 4641: 4608: 4575: 4542: 4512: 4476: 4450: 4420: 4390: 4388:, p. 180. 4378: 4376:, p. 260. 4366: 4336: 4305: 4303:, p. 125. 4293: 4262: 4203: 4201:, p. 493. 4176: 4139: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4107: 4086: 4069: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4034:Spivak pronoun 4031: 4026: 4021: 4014: 4011: 3936:(such as the " 3890: 3887: 3806:a truck driver 3777: 3774: 3763: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3732: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3705: 3694: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3639:bound variable 3605: 3579: 3570: 3567: 3538: 3524: 3483: 3480: 3440: 3411: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3323: 3320: 3310:them .... 3293:unacceptable: 3282: 3276: 3255: 3252: 3228: 3210: 3196: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3103: 3092: 3039: 3036: 3019: 3016: 2961:uses singular 2880: 2866: 2865: 2810: 2804: 2789: 2672: 2669: 2638: 2633: 2622: 2617: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2567: 2562: 2534: 2527: 2430: 2424: 2397: 2392: 2336: 2331: 2249: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2200: 2197: 2187:in 2017, with 2054:and considers 2036: 2033: 2022: 2009:in Paris, and 2004: 1974: 1963: 1946: 1935: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1901: 1879: 1866: 1865: 1845: 1842: 1827: 1810:was late, was 1805: 1790: 1779: 1757: 1742: 1731: 1705: 1691: 1680: 1631: 1628: 1614: 1613: 1584: 1583: 1553: 1552: 1530: 1502: 1473: 1472: 1454: 1437: 1436: 1404: 1401: 1338: 1335: 1317:New York Times 1300:William Safire 1258: 1255: 1173: 1141: 1113:constituency." 1097: 1079: 1040: 1027: 1020: 1009: 1004: 1003: 986: 969: 968: 931: 913: 898: 880:Mansfield Park 871: 855:own feelings." 837: 835:own feelings." 741: 715: 690: 684: 653:Middle English 639: 636: 619: 616: 606: 577: 576: 574: 569: 567: 562: 560: 555: 553: 548: 546: 542: 534: 533: 531: 526: 524: 519: 517: 512: 510: 505: 503: 499: 490: 489: 487: 482: 480: 475: 473: 468: 466: 461: 460:are my child. 459: 455: 446: 445: 443: 438: 436: 431: 429: 424: 422: 417: 415: 411: 402: 401: 399: 394: 392: 387: 385: 380: 378: 373: 371: 367: 361: 360: 358: 353: 351: 346: 344: 339: 337: 332: 330: 326: 320: 319: 314: 305: 296: 287: 278: 229: 226: 129: 118: 112:who says that 107: 88: 77:gender-neutral 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9724: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9656: 9650: 9649:singular they 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9614: 9611: 9604: 9599: 9597: 9592: 9590: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9563: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9517: 9515:9781118391457 9511: 9507: 9502: 9490: 9486: 9485: 9479: 9475: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9393: 9388: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9363: 9351: 9347: 9345:9780521471022 9341: 9337: 9336: 9330: 9326: 9320: 9316: 9311: 9307: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9292:Swan, Michael 9289: 9285: 9279: 9274: 9273: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9252: 9247: 9235: 9231: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9183: 9179: 9177:9780748762620 9173: 9169: 9168: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9120: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9085: 9073: 9069: 9067:9780698170308 9063: 9059: 9058: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9020: 9017:: Blackwell. 9016: 9012: 9007: 8995: 8991: 8986: 8982: 8976: 8971: 8970: 8963: 8959: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8925: 8921: 8915: 8911: 8906: 8902: 8896: 8892: 8887: 8883: 8881:9780877796336 8877: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8852: 8845: 8844: 8838: 8826: 8822: 8817: 8805: 8801: 8800: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8658: 8654: 8648: 8644: 8643: 8637: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8547:Fraser, Bruce 8544: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8526: 8521: 8517: 8511: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8422: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8402: 8401: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8381: 8377: 8371: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8342: 8341: 8334: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8312: 8308: 8293: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8268: 8263: 8262: 8256: 8252: 8250:9789048188123 8246: 8242: 8237: 8225: 8221: 8215: 8211: 8210: 8204: 8192: 8188: 8183: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8157: 8156: 8150: 8138: 8134: 8132:9780226287058 8128: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8098: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8007: 8003: 7998: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7975: 7962: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7908: 7904: 7902:1-55798-790-4 7898: 7894: 7889: 7888: 7882: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7860: 7854: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7753: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7690:The Telegraph 7686: 7680: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7598: 7597: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7556: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7531: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7486: 7485:Defoe, Daniel 7482: 7478: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7453: 7450:. MIT Press. 7449: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7433: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7335: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7279: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7249: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7135: 7123: 7119: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7095: 7090: 7088: 7071: 7067: 7066:Thesaurus.com 7063: 7057: 7050: 7045: 7038: 7033: 7026: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7009: 7004: 6997: 6992: 6985: 6980: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6956: 6949: 6944: 6937: 6932: 6925: 6920: 6913: 6908: 6901: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6884: 6879: 6872: 6867: 6861:, p. 27. 6860: 6855: 6848: 6843: 6836: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6819: 6814: 6807: 6802: 6795: 6790: 6783: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6759: 6754: 6747: 6742: 6735: 6730: 6728: 6721:, p. 50. 6720: 6715: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6654: 6647: 6646:Williams 2008 6642: 6636:, p. 60. 6635: 6630: 6624:, p. 60. 6623: 6618: 6616: 6599: 6595: 6592:Chelsea Lee. 6588: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6558: 6551: 6546: 6539: 6534: 6527: 6522: 6515: 6510: 6503: 6498: 6491: 6486: 6484: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6459: 6454: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6421: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6390: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6280: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6244: 6240: 6238:9789515168313 6234: 6227: 6226: 6218: 6202: 6198: 6197:Gender Census 6194: 6188: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6145: 6137: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6071: 6066: 6064: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5949: 5943:, p. 12. 5942: 5937: 5935: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5874: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5840: 5833: 5828: 5821: 5816: 5814: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5737: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5624: 5622: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5523: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5480: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5434: 5429: 5422: 5417: 5410: 5405: 5398: 5397:Spillius 2008 5393: 5386: 5385:Atkinson 2008 5381: 5374: 5369: 5362: 5357: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5284:, p. 21. 5283: 5278: 5271: 5266: 5259: 5254: 5247: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5221:, p. vi. 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5197:, p. 46. 5196: 5191: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5092: 5090: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5002: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4979:, p. 23. 4978: 4973: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4937: 4930: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4743: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4719: 4711: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4679: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4613: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4297: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4223:(2): 79–104. 4222: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4118: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4095:Every student 4090: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3771: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3706:"One of your 3702: 3698: 3695:"One of your 3691: 3687: 3684:"One of your 3679: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3619:Steven Pinker 3613: 3609: 3604: 3602: 3601:anaphorically 3598: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3573:The singular 3566: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3454:According to 3449: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3414:Shakespeare, 3410: 3408: 3404: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3326:According to 3319: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3285:According to 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3258:According to 3250: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2949: 2948:consistently. 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2871: 2870:The Economist 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699:Ernest Gowers 2696: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2602: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2396: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2277:"Speakers of 2274: 2272: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2181:drama series 2180: 2175: 2173: 2170:was added to 2169: 2164: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2126:The singular 2124: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1979:has perjured 1978: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1523:name and ask 1522: 1518: 1508: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1444:is not doing 1443: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1188: 1184: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1114: 1112: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1025: 1015: 1008: 1001: 1000: 995: 991: 985: 983: 979: 975: 966: 965: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 947:in favour of 946: 937: 930: 926: 919: 912: 904: 897: 893: 891: 882: 881: 876: 870: 868: 864: 854: 850: 846: 842: 836: 834: 830: 824: 823:, including: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 771:A New Grammar 768: 764: 760: 751: 747: 740: 738: 734: 724: 720: 714: 712: 708: 702: 700: 696: 689: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 635: 633: 629: 625: 611: 605: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 572: 570: 565: 563: 558: 556: 551: 549: 547:is my child. 544: 543: 541: 540: 535: 529: 527: 522: 520: 515: 513: 508: 506: 504:is my child. 501: 500: 498: 497: 491: 485: 483: 478: 476: 471: 469: 464: 462: 457: 456: 453: 447: 441: 439: 434: 432: 427: 425: 420: 418: 413: 412: 410: 409: 403: 397: 395: 390: 388: 383: 381: 376: 374: 369: 368: 366: 362: 356: 354: 349: 347: 342: 340: 335: 333: 328: 327: 325: 321: 318: 315: 310: 306: 301: 297: 294: 288: 285: 279: 276: 275: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 236:", "singular 235: 225: 223: 219: 215: 211: 210: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 145: 137: 133: 126: 122: 115: 111: 104: 100: 96: 92: 87: 85: 81: 78: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 43: 33: 29: 25: 23: 9648: 9546: 9545:, 304 pp.), 9534: 9505: 9493:. Retrieved 9489:the original 9483: 9463: 9448:. Retrieved 9439: 9424:. Retrieved 9402: 9398: 9379:. Retrieved 9370: 9354:. Retrieved 9334: 9314: 9295: 9271: 9250: 9238:. Retrieved 9227: 9211:. Retrieved 9202: 9186:. Retrieved 9166: 9145: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9109:. Retrieved 9088: 9076:. Retrieved 9056: 9036: 9010: 8998:. Retrieved 8968: 8957: 8932: 8928: 8909: 8890: 8870: 8858:. Retrieved 8851:the original 8842: 8829:. Retrieved 8808:. Retrieved 8798: 8764: 8760: 8748:. Retrieved 8729: 8706: 8680: 8661:. Retrieved 8641: 8628:. Retrieved 8617: 8601:. Retrieved 8581: 8550: 8524: 8504: 8489:the original 8458: 8454: 8445: 8441: 8420: 8399: 8386: 8365: 8339: 8325:. Retrieved 8315: 8299:. Retrieved 8292:the original 8260: 8240: 8228:. Retrieved 8208: 8195:. Retrieved 8174:. Retrieved 8154: 8141:. Retrieved 8121: 8101: 8089:. Retrieved 8045: 8041: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8010:. Retrieved 7989:. Retrieved 7979: 7965:. Retrieved 7954: 7938:. Retrieved 7919: 7915: 7886: 7873:. Retrieved 7858: 7845:. Retrieved 7825: 7813:. Retrieved 7802: 7790:Bibliography 7777:. Retrieved 7757: 7744:. Retrieved 7735: 7716:. Retrieved 7706: 7689: 7671:. Retrieved 7661: 7650: 7646:Ruskin, John 7636: 7624: 7623:; quoted in 7615:. Retrieved 7595: 7575: 7564:The Listener 7563: 7560:"Ian Hislop" 7547:. Retrieved 7539:The Guardian 7538: 7522:. Retrieved 7503: 7489: 7466: 7447: 7437: 7424:. Retrieved 7415: 7396:. Retrieved 7377: 7358:. Retrieved 7348: 7337: 7333: 7331: 7324:. Retrieved 7320:the original 7300:. Retrieved 7270:. Retrieved 7240:. Retrieved 7230: 7216: 7193: 7184: 7172:. Retrieved 7163: 7159: 7142: 7138:Austen, Jane 7126:. Retrieved 7108: 7107: 7074:. Retrieved 7065: 7056: 7044: 7032: 7003: 6991: 6979: 6967: 6955: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6907: 6878: 6866: 6854: 6842: 6813: 6801: 6789: 6777: 6765: 6753: 6741: 6714: 6702:. Retrieved 6693: 6683: 6671:. Retrieved 6662: 6653: 6641: 6629: 6602:. Retrieved 6587: 6575:. Retrieved 6566: 6557: 6550:Chicago 2017 6545: 6538:Chicago 1993 6533: 6521: 6509: 6497: 6458:Chicago 2017 6453: 6443:17 September 6441:. Retrieved 6430: 6420: 6410:17 September 6408:. Retrieved 6399: 6389: 6379:19 September 6377:. Retrieved 6368: 6358: 6348:19 September 6346:. Retrieved 6337: 6328: 6318:19 September 6316:. Retrieved 6307: 6298: 6286: 6274: 6262: 6250:. Retrieved 6224: 6217: 6205:. Retrieved 6196: 6187: 6175:. Retrieved 6158: 6154: 6144: 6134:– via 6128:. Retrieved 6109: 6097:. Retrieved 6086: 6077: 6050:. Retrieved 6015: 6011: 6001: 5989: 5977:. Retrieved 5958: 5948: 5904: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5839: 5827: 5800:. Retrieved 5791: 5779: 5748: 5736: 5714:(1): 62–80. 5711: 5707: 5701: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5662: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5628:Pauwels 2003 5608: 5596: 5584: 5553: 5541:. Retrieved 5532: 5522: 5510:. Retrieved 5506:the original 5501: 5491: 5479: 5467: 5455: 5428: 5416: 5404: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5313: 5306:Leonard 1929 5301: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5241: 5214: 5207:Warenda 1993 5202: 5190: 5163: 5151: 5139: 5127: 5115: 5103: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5041: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4936: 4901:. Retrieved 4887: 4875:. Retrieved 4866: 4857: 4845: 4837: 4830:. Retrieved 4826:the original 4821: 4812: 4800:. Retrieved 4791: 4782: 4770:. Retrieved 4761: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4732:. Retrieved 4723: 4717: 4710: 4698:. Retrieved 4689: 4665:. Retrieved 4661:the original 4656: 4632:. Retrieved 4623: 4599:. Retrieved 4590: 4566:. Retrieved 4562:the original 4557: 4533:. Retrieved 4524: 4515: 4503:. Retrieved 4491: 4479: 4467:. Retrieved 4453: 4441:. Retrieved 4432: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4402: 4393: 4381: 4369: 4357:. Retrieved 4348: 4339: 4327:. Retrieved 4318: 4308: 4296: 4284:. Retrieved 4275: 4265: 4253:. Retrieved 4220: 4216: 4206: 4156: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4063: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3950: 3931: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3723: 3711: 3710:phoned, but 3707: 3700: 3699:phoned, but 3696: 3689: 3688:phoned, but 3685: 3673: 3669: 3657: 3655: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3616: 3611: 3610:returned to 3607: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3572: 3564: 3553: 3545: 3535: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3482:Distribution 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3447: 3446:, quoted in 3435: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3415: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3341: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3268:The pronoun 3267: 3259: 3257: 3246: 3242: 3240: 3234: 3231:your partner 3230: 3223: 3221: 3216: 3215:here, isn't 3212: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3161: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3133: 3128: 3127:rather than 3124: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3011: 3005: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2953: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2875: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2725: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2674: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2649:Casey Miller 2642: 2640: 2635: 2626: 2624: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2536: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2432: 2427: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2399: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2215:Style guides 2213: 2208: 2207:and generic 2204: 2202: 2192: 2183: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2160: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2006: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1965: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1905: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1700: 1699:returned to 1696: 1686: 1682: 1675: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1586: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1532: 1524: 1520: 1519:calls, take 1516: 1514: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1468: 1464: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1432: 1428: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1382: 1377: 1369: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1320:in a reply: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1250: 1248: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1217:, ... 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1193:", stating: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1101: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1037: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1013: 1006: 993: 981: 977: 973: 971: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 942: 935: 928: 924: 917: 910: 902: 895: 889: 887: 878: 866: 862: 860: 852: 848: 844: 832: 828: 826: 820: 818: 813: 809: 805: 797: 795: 790: 786: 782: 779:general Name 778: 774: 770: 762: 761:rather than 758: 756: 749: 745: 736: 733:Every person 732: 730: 722: 710: 706: 704: 698: 694: 692: 687: 679: 675: 667: 665: 656: 648: 647: 631: 627: 623: 621: 603: 597: 593: 589: 581: 580: 538: 495: 451: 406: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 231: 221: 207: 203: 199: 195: 187: 185: 176: 169:style guides 152: 148: 142: 140: 135: 132:a journalist 131: 124: 120: 113: 109: 105:can get it?" 102: 98: 94: 90: 72: 67: 62: 58: 54: 50: 41: 39: 38: 28: 21: 9667:neopronouns 9629:generic she 9466:. Longman. 9450:23 November 9426:28 December 9381:14 December 9356:13 November 9213:12 February 9188:13 November 9078:13 November 9060:. Penguin. 9039:. Penguin. 8582:Plain Words 8327:8 September 8311:Fisher, Ann 7991:17 December 7967:12 February 7051:, p. . 7008:Pinker 1995 6996:Pinker 1995 6835:Peters 2004 6673:19 February 6526:Garner 2016 6514:Garner 2016 6502:Garner 2016 6475:Garner 2016 6207:10 November 5909:Newman 1998 5897:Garner 2003 5885:Davids 2010 5844:Fowler 2015 5772:Garner 2003 5601:Safire 1985 5484:Garner 2016 5472:Fowler 2015 5460:Fowler 2015 5409:Barzun 1985 5318:Bodine 1975 5294:Bodine 1975 5270:Wilson 1560 5258:Wilson 1560 5246:Austen 1814 5183:Bodine 1975 5168:Ostade 2000 5156:Fisher 1750 5081:Gerner 2000 5069:Bodine 1975 5057:Fowler 2015 4977:Hislop 1984 4965:Fowler 2015 4877:27 December 4850:Pullum 2012 4772:13 February 4734:14 February 4634:27 December 4601:10 December 4505:27 December 4469:27 December 4443:27 December 4413:27 December 4374:Pinker 2014 3686:girlfriends 3672:phoned but 3095:The patient 2872:Style Guide 2775:Plain Words 2720:(edited by 2589:identities. 2505:The use of 2438:E. B. White 2062:genderfluid 1920:this person 1877:behaviour". 1821:instead of 1803:was there." 1678:, such as: 1452:attention." 1304:On Language 1237:, etc., or 990:C. C. Fries 875:Jane Austen 713:own fault." 331:is my son. 121:The patient 101:know where 9691:Categories 9662:neologisms 9624:generic he 9405:: 99–107. 9013:. Malden, 8831:12 January 8810:15 October 8301:14 January 8197:15 October 7360:11 January 7334:themselves 7128:17 January 6972:Huang 2009 6577:19 January 6070:Abadi 2016 5941:Teich 2012 5926:Walsh 2015 5861:Kolln 1986 5560:, p. 5543:26 October 5512:25 October 5349:Fries 1969 5282:Poole 1646 5219:Byron 1823 5108:Cable 1879 4903:12 January 4863:"Themself" 4301:Wales 1996 4173:required.) 4113:References 4044:Neopronoun 3927:themselves 3919:yourselves 3761:hand up." 3697:boyfriends 3643:antecedent 3635:quantifier 3243:The person 3213:Everyone's 3203:him or her 3150:themselves 3121:themselves 3112: ..." 2653:Kate Swift 2497: .... 2479:many a man 2420:non-binary 2379:themselves 2150:Bill Walsh 1989:themselves 1871:a person's 1823:themselves 1780:"At first 1732:"At first 1712:themselves 1623:themselves 1498:themselves 1370:he or she" 1306:column in 1243:his or her 1235:themselves 1153:Informal: 841:Lord Byron 767:Ann Fisher 693:Alongside 624:themselves 610:Ian Hislop 598:themselves 586:Huddleston 442:themselves 293:accusative 284:nominative 280:Subjective 266:themselves 202:at work." 173:colloquial 84:antecedent 63:themselves 9240:9 January 8949:0378-4177 8781:0010-096X 8750:6 January 8663:6 January 8630:9 January 8603:6 January 8313:(1750) . 8230:6 January 8176:6 January 8078:146362006 8062:0047-4045 8033:He or She 7875:9 January 7847:6 January 7815:9 January 7779:6 January 7746:6 January 7718:6 January 7673:6 January 7648:(1873) . 7617:6 January 7549:6 January 7524:6 January 7426:6 January 7398:6 January 7372:(2008) . 7228:(1907) . 7174:6 January 6460:, §5.252. 5969:1091-2339 5802:2 January 5753:Bush 1991 5728:0003-1283 5361:Lash 1981 4700:4 January 4349:APA Style 4319:The Times 4245:144747717 4237:0075-4242 4135:Swan 2009 3946:ourselves 3766:Every car 3558:Euripides 3316:he or she 3217:he or she 3192:he or she 3061:primarily 3059:, though 2946:he or she 2926:he or she 2910:he or she 2799:The Times 2475:every one 2471:everybody 2307:everybody 2099:everybody 2016:The word 1949:No mother 1830:Everybody 1793:Everybody 1786:he or she 1775:he or she 1745:Everybody 1636:everybody 1606:everybody 1417:everybody 1351:he or she 1249:In 2016, 1239:he or she 1181:In 2015, 1064:." (2008) 996:, (1940). 849:Every one 829:Every one 808:in their 661:Old Norse 450:Singular 317:Reflexive 289:Objective 138:sources." 73:theirself 47:inflected 40:Singular 22:They/Them 9553:pronouns 9462:(2008). 9444:Archived 9417:Archived 9375:Archived 9350:Archived 9294:(2009). 9234:Archived 9207:Archived 9182:Archived 9111:26 April 9105:Archived 9072:Archived 8994:Archived 8825:Archived 8804:Archived 8744:Archived 8705:(2005). 8679:(2002). 8657:Archived 8624:Archived 8597:Archived 8549:(1973). 8502:(2003). 8485:25593408 8321:Archived 8224:Archived 8191:Archived 8170:Archived 8137:Archived 8091:26 April 8082:Archived 8012:2 August 8006:Archived 7985:Archived 7961:Archived 7940:24 April 7934:Archived 7895:. 2001. 7869:Archived 7841:Archived 7809:Archived 7773:Archived 7740:Archived 7730:(1869). 7712:Archived 7704:(1868). 7694:Archived 7667:Archived 7611:Archived 7574:(2005). 7543:Archived 7518:Archived 7487:(1816). 7420:Archived 7410:(1759). 7392:Archived 7338:themself 7326:26 April 7302:19 April 7293:Archived 7272:19 April 7263:Archived 7236:Archived 7214:(1823). 7168:Archived 7154:(1910). 7140:(1833). 7122:Archived 7076:22 April 7070:Archived 6698:Archived 6667:Archived 6604:21 March 6598:Archived 6571:Archived 6552:, §5.48. 6437:Archived 6404:Archived 6373:Archived 6342:Archived 6338:NBC News 6312:Archived 6291:Guo 2016 6243:Archived 6201:Archived 6171:Archived 6124:Archived 6093:Archived 6046:Archived 6042:33945124 5994:CNN 2014 5973:Archived 5796:Archived 5537:Archived 5533:BBC News 4897:Archived 4871:Archived 4796:Archived 4766:Archived 4728:Archived 4694:Archived 4628:Archived 4595:Archived 4591:BBC News 4535:26 March 4529:Archived 4527:. 2019. 4496:Archived 4463:Archived 4437:Archived 4407:Archived 4353:Archived 4323:Archived 4280:Archived 4249:Archived 4013:See also 3991:Snuggles 3967:is me." 3938:royal we 3923:themself 3915:yourself 3837:my nurse 3814:my nurse 3724:daughter 3651:homonyms 3608:Everyone 3588:coming?" 3550:Plutarch 3542:John Ray 3539:— 3525:— 3492:multiple 3490:idea to 3460:a mother 3441:— 3412:— 3403:a mother 3364:everyone 3356:a person 3264:(1985): 3199:Everyone 3170:states: 3157:themself 3129:everyone 3117:themself 3080:everyone 3065:extended 2995:a person 2991:somebody 2938:everyone 2592:— 2550:everyone 2491:somebody 2467:each one 2383:themself 2315:somebody 2184:Billions 2179:Showtime 2074:bigender 2029:themself 2018:themself 2007:a friend 1985:themself 1983:." Here 1981:themself 1975:"Either 1968:changes 1902:— 1880:— 1838:themself 1819:themself 1782:everyone 1734:everyone 1723:everyone 1716:themself 1708:Everyone 1697:everyone 1689:mother." 1683:Everyone 1640:everyone 1619:Everyone 1610:everyone 1507:Observer 1503:— 1496:can set 1455:— 1429:somebody 1174:— 1165:Somebody 1163:Formal: 1155:Somebody 1142:— 1139:pleased" 1133:Everyone 1127:singular 1098:— 1080:— 1050:probably 1041:— 1010:— 987:— 932:— 916:Wilson, 914:— 901:Wilson, 899:— 872:— 863:any body 838:— 742:— 716:— 632:themself 607:— 582:Themself 494:Generic 486:themself 277:Pronoun 262:themself 198:. I met 91:Somebody 75:), is a 68:themself 9610:English 9495:8 March 8860:10 June 8555:Bibcode 8476:4293036 8346:300–301 8189:. CNN. 8143:7 March 8070:4166805 7242:9 March 7104:Sources 6704:5 April 6252:7 March 6177:16 June 6136:Twitter 6130:16 June 6099:16 June 6052:17 June 6033:8094985 5236:, §411. 5146:, §410. 5122:, §409. 4802:1 March 4624:AP NEWS 4329:19 June 4137:, §528. 4097:thinks 3942:ourself 3802:a nurse 3798:anybody 3708:friends 3647:pronoun 3554:Moralia 3237:think." 3143:himself 3125:someone 3084:someone 2983:whoever 2942:someone 2849:his/her 2819:(2004, 2546:someone 2495:someone 2483:anybody 2068:agender 2025:Someone 2005:"I had 1993:himself 1955:child". 1858:student 1854:patient 1825:as in: 1710:doubts 1672:, below 1612:, etc.: 1591:thinks 1517:anybody 1465:anybody 1442:someone 1433:someone 1413:anybody 1409:someone 1302:in his 1245:, etc.) 1215:anybody 1207:himself 1135:did as 1062:himself 934:Poole, 920:(1560); 905:(1560); 883:(1814); 707:any one 530:himself 405:Plural 398:herself 357:himself 9541: 9512: 9470: 9392:"They" 9342: 9321: 9302: 9280: 9257: 9174: 9153: 9064: 9043: 9021: 9000:26 May 8977: 8947: 8916: 8897: 8878: 8789:357389 8787: 8779: 8736: 8713: 8687: 8649: 8589: 8565: 8531: 8512: 8483: 8473: 8427: 8408: 8372: 8352: 8273: 8247: 8216: 8162: 8129: 8109: 8076: 8068: 8060: 8031:, and 7899: 7833: 7765: 7603: 7582: 7510: 7473: 7454: 7384: 7200: 6304:"they" 6235: 6083:"they" 6040: 6030: 5979:14 May 5967: 5726: 5038:"they" 4832:22 May 4667:31 May 4568:31 May 4359:14 May 4286:1 June 4255:1 June 4243: 4235: 4152:"they" 3934:nosism 3925:" or " 3755:No one 3668:"Your 3582:person 3528:Nelson 3508:either 3488:single 3464:no man 3432:No man 3417:Hamlet 3368:no one 3360:anyone 3305:, and 3281:(1992) 3088:no one 3086:, and 2999:no one 2987:anyone 2908:where 2741:, and 2661:person 2554:no one 2533:(2009) 2487:anyone 2436:& 2377:, and 2311:anyone 2152:, the 1850:person 1808:Nobody 1760:Nobody 1703:seat." 1685:loves 1648:no one 1646:, and 1644:nobody 1571:No one 1558:No one 1549:no one 1545:nobody 1533:anyone 1494:Anyone 1478:anyone 1469:anyone 1278:person 1223:person 1095:desk." 1016:(1971) 845:Werner 789:; as, 787:Female 573:itself 479:theirs 435:theirs 430:ages. 258:theirs 256:, and 248:(i.e. 110:anyone 65:(also 61:, and 59:theirs 24:(film) 9420:(PDF) 9395:(PDF) 8854:(PDF) 8847:(PDF) 8785:JSTOR 8492:(PDF) 8451:(PDF) 8295:(PDF) 8288:(PDF) 8085:(PDF) 8074:S2CID 8066:JSTOR 8038:(PDF) 7922:(1). 7296:(PDF) 7285:(PDF) 7266:(PDF) 7255:(PDF) 6246:(PDF) 6229:(PDF) 6120:Tweet 5960:Slate 4499:(PDF) 4488:(PDF) 4241:S2CID 4167: 4055:Notes 3804:, or 3759:their 3735:child 3631:logic 3612:their 3593:every 3580:"The 3500:every 3307:their 3233:what 3032:their 2979:their 2958:Bible 2861:their 2841:their 2739:their 2459:They. 2375:their 2351:their 2157:' 2071:, or 1970:their 1953:their 1938:a boy 1875:their 1856:, or 1701:their 1687:their 1652:crowd 1604:With 1573:felt 1562:their 1543:With 1537:their 1521:their 1485:' 1463:With 1450:their 1446:their 1427:With 1415:, or 1274:which 1231:their 1219:every 1201:(and 1171:book. 1161:book. 1159:their 867:their 853:their 833:their 638:Usage 588:, in 561:age. 518:age. 474:age. 472:their 428:their 386:age. 345:age. 254:their 179:as a 136:their 130:"But 95:their 93:left 55:their 9539:ISBN 9510:ISBN 9497:2022 9468:ISBN 9452:2013 9428:2013 9383:2015 9358:2019 9340:ISBN 9319:ISBN 9300:ISBN 9278:ISBN 9255:ISBN 9242:2016 9229:Time 9215:2017 9190:2019 9172:ISBN 9151:ISBN 9124:they 9119:they 9113:2016 9080:2019 9062:ISBN 9041:ISBN 9019:ISBN 9002:2011 8975:ISBN 8945:ISSN 8914:ISBN 8895:ISBN 8876:ISBN 8862:2006 8833:2015 8812:2018 8777:ISSN 8752:2017 8734:ISBN 8711:ISBN 8685:ISBN 8665:2017 8647:ISBN 8632:2016 8605:2017 8587:ISBN 8563:ISBN 8529:ISBN 8510:ISBN 8481:PMID 8442:They 8425:ISBN 8406:ISBN 8370:ISBN 8350:ISBN 8329:2020 8303:2014 8271:ISBN 8245:ISBN 8232:2017 8214:ISBN 8199:2018 8178:2017 8160:ISBN 8145:2021 8127:ISBN 8107:ISBN 8093:2023 8058:ISSN 8025:They 8014:2014 7993:2013 7969:2017 7942:2024 7897:ISBN 7877:2016 7859:they 7849:2017 7831:ISBN 7817:2016 7781:2017 7763:ISBN 7748:2017 7720:2017 7675:2017 7619:2017 7601:ISBN 7580:ISBN 7551:2017 7526:2017 7508:ISBN 7471:ISBN 7452:ISBN 7428:2017 7400:2017 7382:ISBN 7362:2014 7332:Use 7328:2016 7304:2014 7274:2014 7244:2014 7198:ISBN 7176:2017 7130:2014 7078:2022 6706:2017 6675:2019 6606:2019 6579:2021 6445:2017 6412:2017 6381:2019 6350:2019 6320:2019 6254:2021 6233:ISBN 6209:2020 6179:2021 6132:2021 6101:2021 6054:2021 6038:PMID 5981:2016 5965:ISSN 5804:2022 5724:ISSN 5545:2016 5514:2016 4905:2023 4879:2020 4834:2023 4804:2020 4774:2020 4742:they 4736:2020 4718:They 4702:2020 4669:2023 4636:2020 4603:2019 4570:2023 4537:2019 4507:2020 4471:2020 4445:2020 4415:2020 4361:2022 4331:2019 4288:2023 4257:2023 4233:ISSN 4103:they 4005:and 3997:and 3987:Rags 3983:they 3948:"). 3907:thou 3895:they 3883:they 3879:they 3875:they 3863:they 3856:they 3833:they 3818:they 3786:they 3782:they 3768:had 3757:put 3739:they 3712:they 3670:wife 3658:they 3645:and 3637:and 3621:and 3586:they 3575:they 3510:and 3502:and 3496:each 3476:they 3468:goes 3436:they 3407:them 3392:they 3366:and 3354:and 3344:they 3336:they 3332:they 3303:them 3299:they 3291:they 3270:they 3247:they 3235:they 3224:they 3164:they 3159:." . 3110:them 3099:they 3076:they 3057:they 3053:they 3049:they 3030:and 3028:they 3012:they 2975:them 2971:they 2963:they 2930:they 2906:they 2876:they 2857:them 2853:They 2825:they 2784:them 2782:and 2780:they 2766:them 2762:they 2743:them 2735:they 2726:they 2711:they 2707:they 2687:they 2665:they 2657:they 2651:and 2625:The 2613:they 2582:they 2570:The 2558:they 2519:they 2463:each 2448:they 2387:they 2371:them 2367:they 2349:and 2347:they 2327:they 2313:and 2303:they 2287:they 2271:they 2259:they 2223:they 2209:they 2193:they 2168:they 2161:they 2154:Post 2128:they 2121:they 2095:they 2091:them 2087:they 2083:them 2079:they 2056:they 2048:they 2041:they 2011:they 2000:they 1959:They 1942:them 1931:they 1924:they 1897:They 1834:they 1764:they 1753:they 1749:they 1738:they 1727:they 1676:they 1668:see 1660:they 1656:team 1593:they 1575:they 1560:put 1525:them 1515:"If 1482:they 1476:"If 1397:they 1393:They 1383:they 1362:they 1355:they 1343:they 1331:they 1272:and 1227:they 953:they 945:they 821:they 806:they 785:and 783:Male 763:they 705:"If 695:they 676:they 668:they 657:they 649:They 628:they 594:they 465:them 458:They 452:they 421:them 414:They 408:they 391:hers 250:them 246:they 242:they 238:they 204:They 200:them 188:they 177:they 153:they 149:they 144:they 125:they 114:they 103:they 99:them 71:and 51:them 42:they 9644:who 9639:one 9407:doi 8937:doi 8769:doi 8471:PMC 8463:doi 8050:doi 7924:doi 6369:CNN 6163:doi 6122:). 6028:PMC 6020:doi 5716:doi 5689:doi 5650:doi 5562:190 4225:doi 4099:she 4009:). 4007:her 4003:him 3999:she 3899:you 3871:she 3869:or 3822:she 3812:or 3794:she 3792:or 3770:its 3728:she 3690:she 3674:she 3641:to 3597:any 3595:or 3504:any 3472:all 3152:." 3145:." 2940:or 2845:his 2764:or 2748:OED 2641:In 2578:OWL 2404:'s 2283:BrE 2279:AmE 1773:or 1654:or 1589:Who 1547:or 1467:or 1431:or 1421:who 1349:or 1285:man 1211:his 1203:him 1169:his 1111:his 1093:his 982:his 865:in 737:his 711:his 566:its 559:its 523:his 516:his 509:him 384:her 377:her 370:She 365:She 350:his 343:his 336:him 234:you 196:Jay 9693:: 9634:it 9438:. 9415:. 9401:. 9397:. 9373:. 9369:. 9348:. 9232:. 9226:. 9205:. 9201:. 9180:. 9139:; 9135:; 9115:. 9103:. 9070:. 9015:MA 8943:. 8933:22 8931:. 8823:. 8783:. 8775:. 8765:37 8763:. 8742:. 8701:; 8675:; 8655:. 8622:. 8616:. 8595:. 8561:. 8545:; 8479:. 8469:. 8457:. 8453:. 8448:?" 8446:He 8348:. 8222:. 8168:. 8135:. 8080:. 8072:. 8064:. 8056:. 8044:. 8040:. 8029:He 8004:. 7983:. 7959:. 7953:. 7932:. 7918:. 7914:. 7839:. 7807:. 7801:. 7771:. 7734:. 7692:. 7688:. 7609:. 7562:. 7541:. 7537:. 7516:. 7414:. 7390:. 7352:. 7330:. 7314:. 7287:. 7257:. 7234:. 7164:22 7162:. 7158:. 7120:. 7086:^ 7064:. 7015:^ 6890:^ 6825:^ 6726:^ 6692:. 6665:. 6661:. 6614:^ 6596:. 6569:. 6565:. 6482:^ 6465:^ 6435:. 6429:. 6402:. 6398:. 6371:. 6367:. 6336:. 6310:. 6306:. 6241:. 6195:. 6169:. 6159:91 6157:. 6153:. 6085:. 6062:^ 6044:. 6036:. 6026:. 6016:28 6014:. 6010:. 5971:. 5963:. 5957:. 5933:^ 5916:^ 5851:^ 5812:^ 5794:. 5790:. 5760:^ 5722:. 5712:91 5710:. 5685:84 5683:. 5644:. 5620:^ 5569:^ 5531:. 5500:. 5440:^ 5325:^ 5226:^ 5175:^ 5088:^ 5040:. 4913:^ 4895:. 4869:. 4865:. 4836:. 4820:. 4794:. 4790:. 4764:. 4760:. 4738:. 4722:. 4692:. 4688:. 4677:^ 4655:. 4644:^ 4622:. 4611:^ 4589:. 4578:^ 4556:. 4545:^ 4523:. 4494:. 4490:. 4435:. 4431:. 4401:. 4351:. 4347:. 4321:. 4317:. 4278:. 4274:. 4247:. 4239:. 4231:. 4221:32 4219:. 4215:. 4179:^ 4155:. 4142:^ 4121:^ 4101:/ 4001:; 3995:he 3989:, 3979:It 3973:it 3969:It 3965:it 3961:it 3957:it 3953:it 3913:(" 3867:he 3849:he 3843:, 3839:, 3826:he 3800:, 3790:he 3749:): 3701:he 3660:: 3552:, 3544:, 3522:." 3512:or 3498:, 3362:, 3301:, 3184:he 3180:he 3176:he 3166:, 3136:or 3082:, 3069:he 2997:, 2993:, 2989:, 2985:, 2967:he 2918:he 2902:he 2859:, 2855:, 2737:, 2703:he 2683:he 2647:, 2552:, 2548:, 2523:he 2511:He 2507:he 2493:, 2489:, 2485:, 2477:, 2473:, 2469:. 2465:, 2452:he 2373:, 2369:, 2363:he 2309:, 2205:he 2195:. 2065:, 1895:. 1860:: 1852:, 1840:." 1814:?" 1812:he 1801:he 1797:he 1777:: 1771:he 1729:: 1664:he 1642:, 1638:, 1608:, 1423:: 1411:, 1389:. 1347:he 1312:he 1296:he 1289:he 1280:: 1270:it 1265:. 1263:ou 1233:, 1229:, 1209:, 1205:, 1199:he 1187:he 1137:he 1119:he 1075:he 1031:He 1024:he 992:, 978:he 961:he 957:he 949:he 890:he 877:, 843:, 814:he 798:he 759:he 721:, 699:he 688:he 680:he 634:. 575:. 568:. 554:. 552:it 545:It 539:It 532:. 525:. 511:. 502:He 496:he 488:. 481:. 467:. 444:. 437:. 423:. 400:. 393:. 379:. 359:. 352:. 338:. 329:He 324:He 295:) 286:) 268:. 252:, 183:. 57:, 53:, 9602:e 9595:t 9588:v 9565:" 9518:. 9499:. 9476:. 9454:. 9430:. 9409:: 9403:4 9385:. 9360:. 9327:. 9308:. 9286:. 9263:. 9244:. 9217:. 9192:. 9159:. 9126:. 9082:. 9049:. 9027:. 9004:. 8983:. 8951:. 8939:: 8922:. 8903:. 8884:. 8864:. 8835:. 8814:. 8791:. 8771:: 8754:. 8719:. 8693:. 8667:. 8634:. 8607:. 8571:. 8557:: 8537:. 8518:. 8465:: 8459:8 8433:. 8414:. 8378:. 8358:. 8331:. 8305:. 8279:. 8253:. 8234:. 8201:. 8180:. 8147:. 8115:. 8095:. 8052:: 8046:4 8035:" 8016:. 7995:. 7971:. 7944:. 7926:: 7920:3 7905:. 7879:. 7861:" 7851:. 7819:. 7783:. 7750:. 7722:. 7677:. 7621:. 7588:. 7553:. 7528:. 7479:. 7460:. 7430:. 7402:. 7364:. 7340:. 7306:. 7276:. 7246:. 7206:. 7178:. 7132:. 7080:. 7039:. 7027:. 6885:. 6873:. 6708:. 6677:. 6608:. 6581:. 6447:. 6414:. 6383:. 6352:. 6322:. 6293:. 6281:. 6269:. 6256:. 6211:. 6181:. 6165:: 6138:. 6118:( 6103:. 6072:. 6056:. 6022:: 5996:. 5983:. 5928:. 5911:. 5887:. 5806:. 5730:. 5718:: 5695:. 5691:: 5669:. 5656:. 5652:: 5646:6 5615:. 5564:. 5547:. 5516:. 5411:. 5399:. 5387:. 5170:. 5110:. 5003:. 4907:. 4881:. 4852:. 4806:. 4776:. 4720:" 4704:. 4671:. 4638:. 4605:. 4572:. 4539:. 4509:. 4473:. 4447:. 4417:. 4363:. 4333:. 4290:. 4259:. 4227:: 4165:. 4084:. 3764:" 3753:" 3606:" 3560:. 3518:" 3430:" 3424:. 3399:" 3273:. 3241:" 3219:? 3211:" 3205:. 3197:" 3104:" 3093:" 2977:/ 2973:( 2892:( 2576:( 2089:/ 2081:/ 2023:" 1947:" 1828:" 1806:" 1791:" 1758:" 1743:" 1714:/ 1706:" 1693:" 1681:" 1617:" 1599:. 1587:" 1569:" 1556:" 1551:: 1492:" 1471:: 1435:: 1241:( 1191:' 1131:" 827:" 752:. 731:" 291:( 282:( 119:" 89:" 26:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index