Screw - Knowledge

4046:

ought). The sizes are 00, 000, 0000 which are usually referred to as two ought, three ought, and four ought. Most eyeglasses have the bows screwed to the frame with 00-72 (pronounced double ought – seventy two) size screws. To calculate the major diameter of "ought" size screws count the number of 0's and multiply this number by 0.013 and subtract from 0.060. For example, the major diameter of a 000-72 screw thread is .060 – (3 x .013) = 0.060 − 0.039 = .021 inches. For most size screws there are multiple TPI available, with the most common being designated a Unified Coarse Thread (UNC or UN) and Unified Fine Thread (UNF or UF). Note: In countries other than the United States and Canada, the ISO Metric Screw Thread System is primarily used today. Unlike most other countries the United States and Canada still use the Unified (Inch) Thread System. However, both are moving over to the ISO Metric System. It is estimated that approximately 60% of screw threads in use in the United States are still inch based.

4080:. Proof strength is the usable strength of the fastener. Tension testing of a bolt up to the proof load should not cause permanent set of the bolt and should be conducted on actual fasteners rather than calculated. If a bolt is tensioned beyond the proof load, it may behave in plastic manner due to yielding in the threads and the tension preload may be lost due to the permanent plastic deformations. When elongating a fastener prior to reaching the yield point, the fastener is said to be operating in the elastic region; whereas elongation beyond the yield point is referred to as operating in the plastic region of the bolt material. If a bolt is loaded in tension beyond its proof strength, the yielding at the net root section of the bolt will continue until the entire section begins to yield and it has exceeded its yield strength. If tension increases, the bolt fractures at its ultimate strength. 606:

were made by hand, with a series of files, chisels, and other cutting tools, and these can be spotted easily by noting the irregular spacing and shape of the threads, as well as file marks remaining on the head of the screw and in the area between threads. Many of these screws had a blunt end, completely lacking the sharp tapered point on nearly all modern wood screws. Some wood screws were made with cutting dies as early as the late 1700s (possibly even before 1678 when the book content was first published in parts). Eventually, lathes were used to manufacture wood screws, with the earliest patent being recorded in 1760 in England. During the 1850s,

983: 995: 2770: 3473:, each requiring a different kind of tool to drive in or extract them. The most common screw drives are the slotted and Phillips in the US; hex, Robertson, and Torx are also common in some applications, and Pozidriv has almost completely replaced Phillips in Europe. Some types of drive are intended for automatic assembly in mass-production of such items as automobiles. More exotic screw drive types may be used in situations where tampering is undesirable, such as in electronic appliances that should not be serviced by the home repair person. 2831: 2542: 2991: 2454: 2363: 1561: 1507: 1539: 1451: 1395: 1341: 1373: 198: 4115:

internal thread or forming its own thread, and of being tightened or released by torquing the head. An externally threaded fastener which is prevented from being turned during assembly and which can be tightened or released only by torquing a nut is a bolt. (Example: round head bolts, track bolts, plow bolts.) An externally threaded fastener that has thread form which prohibits assembly with a nut having a straight thread of multiple pitch length is a screw. (Example: wood screws, tapping screws.)

1523: 1795: 1357: 783: 392:– for the manufacture of blunt metal screws. An expert in screw manufacture, Thomas Lever, was brought over from England to run the factory. The mill used steam and water power, with hardwood charcoal as fuel. The screws were made from wire prepared by "rolling and wire drawing apparatus" from iron manufactured at a nearby forge. The screw mill was not a commercial success; it eventually failed due to competition from the lower-cost, gimlet-pointed screw, and ceased operations in 1836. 1577: 1467: 2922: 2877: 2357: 2300: 2255: 1411: 1276: 1236: 1196: 1156: 1118: 50: 2708: 2647: 2086: 2041: 482: 58: 4097: 701: 810: 1617: 3523: 4761: 828: 4754: 475: 350:(1771–1831) gained fame by popularizing such lathes with his screw-cutting lathes of 1797 and 1800, containing the trifecta of leadscrew, slide rest, and change-gear gear train, all in the right proportions for industrial machining. In a sense he unified the paths of the Wyatts and Ramsden and did for machine screws what had already been done for wood screws, i.e., significant easing of production spurring 637: 614:

shank. Such screws are best installed after drilling a pilot hole with a tapered drill bit. The majority of modern wood screws, except for those made of brass, are formed on thread rolling machines. These screws have a constant diameter and threads with a larger diameter than the shank and are stronger because the rolling process does not cut the grain of the metal.

3422: 327:

and running. Their enterprise failed, but new owners soon made it prosper, and in the 1780s they were producing 16,000 screws a day with only 30 employees—the kind of industrial productivity and output volume that would later become characteristic of modern industry but which was revolutionary at the time.

4071:

divided by 100. The number after the point is the multiplier ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength. For example, a property class 5.8 bolt has a nominal (minimum) ultimate tensile strength of 500 MPa, and a tensile yield strength of 0.8 times ultimate tensile strength or 0.8 (500)

613:

Once screw turning machines were in common use, most commercially available wood screws were produced with this method. These cut wood screws are almost invariably tapered, and even when the tapered shank is not obvious, they can be discerned because the threads do not extend past the diameter of the

605:

A wood screw is a metal screw used to fix wood, with a sharp point and a tapered thread designed to cut its own thread into the wood. Some screws are driven into intact wood; larger screws are usually driven into a hole narrower than the screw thread, and cut the thread in the wood. Early wood screws

581:

Threaded fasteners either have a tapered shank or a non-tapered shank. Fasteners with tapered shanks are designed to either be driven into a substrate directly or into a pilot hole in a substrate, and most are classed as screws. Mating threads are formed in the substrate as these fasteners are driven

3913:

British Association (BA) screw threads, named after the British Association for Advancement of Science, were devised in 1884 and standardised in 1903. Screws were described as "2BA", "4BA" etc., the odd numbers being rarely used, except in equipment made prior to the 1970s for telephone exchanges in

3992:

BA threads are extensively used in Model Engineering where the smaller hex head sizes make scale fastenings easier to represent. As a result, many UK Model Engineering suppliers still carry stocks of BA fasteners up to typically 8BA and 10BA. 5BA is also commonly used as it can be threaded onto 1/8

660:

inch (6.35 mm) in diameter) threaded the entire length of its shank that usually has a recessed drive type (slotted, Phillips, etc.), usually intended to screw into a pre-formed thread, either a nut or a threaded (tapped) hole, unlike a wood or self-tapping screw. Machine screws are also made

326:

of an early and prescient sort. It made use of a leadscrew to guide the cutter to produce the desired pitch, and the slot was cut with a rotary file while the main spindle held still (presaging live tools on lathes 250 years later). Not until 1776 did the Wyatt brothers have a wood-screw factory up

3988:

BA threads are still common in some niche applications. Certain types of fine machinery, such as moving-coil meters and clocks, tend to have BA threads wherever they are manufactured. BA sizes were also used extensively in aircraft, especially those manufactured in the United Kingdom. BA sizing is

3890:

thread, which for small cameras is 1/4" Whitworth (20 tpi) and for medium/large format cameras is 3/8" Whitworth (16 tpi). It is also used for microphone stands and their appropriate clips, again in both sizes, along with "thread adapters" to allow the smaller size to attach to items requiring the

3621:

The nominal diameter of a metric screw is the outer diameter of the thread. The tapped hole (or nut) into which the screw fits, has an internal diameter which is the size of the screw minus the pitch of the thread. Thus, an M6 screw, which has a pitch of 1 mm, is made by threading a 6 mm

796:

Bone screws have the medical use of securing broken bones in living humans and animals. As with aerospace and nuclear power, medical use involves some of the highest technology for fasteners; excellent performance, longevity, and quality are required, and reflected in prices. Bone screws are often

4114:

A bolt is an externally threaded fastener designed for insertion through holes in assembled parts, and is normally intended to be tightened or released by torquing a nut. A screw is an externally threaded fastener capable of being inserted into holes in assembled parts, of mating with a preformed

4075:

Ultimate tensile strength is the tensile stress at which the bolt fails. Tensile yield strength is the stress at which the bolt will yield in tension across the entire section of the bolt and receive a permanent set (an elongation from which it will not recover when the force is removed) of 0.2%

3917:

While not related to ISO metric screws, the sizes were actually defined in metric terms, a 0BA thread having a 6 mm diameter and 1 mm pitch. Other threads in the BA series are related to 0BA in a geometric series with the common factors 0.9 and 1.2. For example, a 4BA thread has pitch

4045:

is used, ranging from 0 to 16. The integer sizes can be converted to the actual diameter by using the formula 0.060 + (0.013 × number). For example, a #4 screw is 0.060 + (0.013 × 4) = 0.060 + 0.052 = 0.112 inches in diameter. There are also screw sizes smaller than "0" (zero or

754:

The head is typically an external hex. Metric hex-headed lag screws are covered by DIN 571. Inch square-headed and hex-headed lag screws are covered by ASME B18.2.1. A typical lag screw can range in diameter from 4 to 20 mm or #10 to 1.25 in (4.83 to 31.75 mm), and lengths from 16 to

530:

of the screw. The shape of the die in the machine dictates what features are pressed into the screw head; for example a flat head screw uses a flat die. For more complicated shapes two heading processes are required to get all of the features into the screw head. This production method is used

4087:

The same type of screw or bolt can be made in many different grades of material. For critical high-tensile-strength applications, low-grade bolts may fail, resulting in damage or injury. On SAE-standard bolts, a distinctive pattern of marking is impressed on the heads to allow inspection and

1732:

There are many standards governing the material and mechanical properties of imperial sized externally threaded fasteners. Some of the most common consensus standards for grades produced from carbon steels are ASTM A193, ASTM A307, ASTM A354, ASTM F3125, and SAE J429. Some of the most common

214: 3914:

the UK. This equipment made extensive use of odd-numbered BA screws, in order—it may be suspected—to reduce theft. BA threads are specified by British Standard BS 93:1951 "Specification for British Association (B.A.) screw threads with tolerances for sizes 0 B.A. to 16 B.A."

418:

and served most applications adequately. Rybczynski describes a flurry of patents for alternative drive types in the 1860s through 1890s, but explains that these were patented but not manufactured due to the difficulties and expense of doing so at the time. In 1908, Canadian

38: 4083:

Mild steel bolts have property class 4.6, which is 400 MPa ultimate strength and 0.6*400=240 MPa yield strength. High-strength steel bolts have property class 8.8, which is 800 MPa ultimate strength and 0.8*800=640 MPa yield strength or above.

3427: 3426: 3423: 3428: 3878:

was 55°, and the depth and pitch varied with the diameter of the thread (i.e., the bigger the bolt, the coarser the thread). Spanners for Whitworth bolts are marked with the size of the bolt, not the distance across the flats of the screw head.

423:

was the first to make the internal-wrenching square socket drive a practical reality by developing just the right design (slight taper angles and overall proportions) to allow the head to be stamped easily but successfully, with the metal

4092:

fasteners may be found with actual strength far less than indicated by the markings. Such inferior fasteners are a danger to life and property when used in aircraft, automobiles, heavy trucks, and similar critical applications.

3425: 4936: 835:

There are a variety of screw head shapes. A few varieties of screw are manufactured with a break-away head, which snaps off when adequate torque is applied, to prevent removal after fitting, often to avoid tampering.

1057:

The international standards for metric externally threaded fasteners are ISO 898-1 for property classes produced from carbon steels and ISO 3506-1 for property classes produced from corrosion resistant steels.

91:. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and there are many forms for a variety of materials. Screws might be inserted into holes in assembled parts or a screw may form its own thread. The 751:. However, based on tradition many tradesmen continue to refer to them as "bolts", because, like head bolts, they are large, with hex or square heads that require a wrench, socket, or specialized bit to turn. 457:

Precision screws, for controlling motion rather than fastening, developed around the turn of the 19th century, and represented one of the central technical advances, along with flat surfaces, that enabled the

765:

to 6 in (6.35 to 152.40 mm) or longer, with the coarse threads of a wood-screw or sheet-metal-screw threadform (but larger). The materials are usually carbon steel substrate with a coating of zinc

4054:

The numbers stamped on the head of the bolt are referred to the grade of the bolt used in certain application with the strength of a bolt. High-strength steel bolts usually have a hexagonal head with an

4063:) stamped on the head. And the absence of marking/number indicates a lower grade bolt with low strength. The property classes most often used are 5.8, 8.8, and 10.9. The number before the point is the 628:

A self-tapping screw is designed to cut its own thread, usually in a fairly soft metal or plastic, in the same way as a wood screw (wood screws are actually self-tapping, but not referred to as such).

731:(Scandinavia) are large wood screws. Lag screws are used to lag together lumber framing, to lag machinery feet to wood floors, and for other heavy carpentry applications. The attributive modifier 4368: 3633:

ISO 4014, ISO 4017, and ISO 4032. The following table lists the relationship given in these standards between the thread size and the maximum width across the hexagonal flats (wrench size):

797:

made of relatively non-reactive stainless steel or titanium, and they often have advanced features such as conical threads, multistart threads, cannulation (hollow core), and proprietary

3951: 673:. In 1991, responding to an influx of counterfeit fasteners, Congress passed PL 101-592, the "Fastener Quality Act". As a result, the ASME B18 committee re-wrote B18.2.1, renaming 3983: 531:

because heading has a very high production rate, and produces virtually no waste material. Slotted head screws require an extra step to cut the slot in the head; this is done on a

3590:

and preferred combinations of diameter and pitch are listed in ISO 261. The smaller subset of diameter and pitch combinations commonly used in screws, nuts and bolts is given in

3424: 369:

began almost immediately, but it was not quickly completed; it has been an evolving process ever since. Further improvements to the mass production of screws continued to push

4944: 300:, a manuscript written sometime between 1475 and 1490. However they probably did not become widespread until after 1800, once threaded fasteners had become commodified. 684:

Lug bolt and head bolts are other terms that refer to fasteners that are designed to be threaded into a tapped hole that is in part of the assembly and so based on the

365:

These developments of the 1760–1800 era, with the Wyatts and Maudslay as arguably the most important drivers, caused great increase in the use of threaded fasteners.

451:. Phillips screws and screwdrivers are to some extent compatible with those for the newer types, but with the risk of damaging the heads of tightly fastened screws. 3866:. Whitworth screw sizes are still used, both for repairing old machinery and where a coarser thread than the metric fastener thread is required. Whitworth became 3841:

Bear in mind that these are just examples and the width across flats is different for structural bolts, flanged bolts, and also varies by standards organization.

957:

A flanged head can be based on any non-countersunk head style, with the addition of an integrated flange at the base of the head that eliminates the need for a

4142:

standards defined cap screws as fasteners with shanks that were threaded to the head and bolts as fasteners with shanks that were partially unthreaded. The

5434: 597:

Sheet-metal screws do not have the chip-clearing flute of self-tapping screws. However, some wholesale vendors do not distinguish between the two kinds.

4788: 443:, with a cross-shaped internal drive. Later improved -head screws were developed, more compatible with screwdrivers not of the exactly right head size: 681: – a term that had existed in common usage long before, but was now also being codified as an official name for the ASME B18 standard. 610:

tools were developed to provide a more uniform and consistent thread. Screws made with these tools have rounded valleys with sharp and rough threads.

303:

Metal screws used as fasteners were rare in Europe before the 15th century, if known at all. The metal screw did not become a common fastener until

3602:

variants are also specified, for special applications such as threads in thin-walled pipes. ISO metric screw threads are designated by the letter

582:

in. Fasteners with a non-tapered shank are generally designed to mate with a nut or to be driven into a tapped hole, and most would be classed as

5489: 5385: 5595: 4572: 4056: 3630: 454:

Threadform standardization further improved in the late 1940s, when the ISO metric screw thread and the Unified Thread Standard were defined.

4023:

is the nominal size (the hole or slot size in standard manufacturing practice through which the shank of the screw can easily be pushed) and

3454:

are used to ensure sufficient but not excessive force is developed by the screw. The hand tool for driving hex head threaded fasteners is a

895:

A screw with a flat head that requires countersinking so that it can be driven with the head flush with the surface it is screwed into. The

5652:. An Informed Compliance Publication (2011-02 ed.). Washington, D.C., USA: U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP). July 2012. 5518: 5111: 3985: mm (3.62 mm). Although 0BA has the same diameter and pitch as ISO M6, the threads have different forms and are not compatible. 403:

derived from it (1870s) drastically reduced the unit cost of threaded fasteners by increasingly automating the machine-tool control. This

4907: 5183: 914:

A decorative screw head with a countersunk bottom and rounded top. Also known as "raised countersunk" or "instrument head" in the UK.

5311: 311:

developed toward the end of the 18th century. This development blossomed in the 1760s and 1770s. along two separate paths that soon

5871: 514:

for larger screws. The wire or rod is then cut to the proper length for the type of screw being made; this workpiece is known as a

428:

as desired rather than being sheared or displaced in unwanted ways. Practical manufacture of the internal-wrenching hexagon drive (

389: 982: 5566: 5007: 4143: 385:

screws or bolts (V-thread) with easy selection among various pitches (whatever the machinist happened to need on any given day).

4878: 3450:

may also be used with screw-driving attachments. Where the holding power of the screwed joint is critical, torque-measuring and

377:

screws (metal screws for fixing wood) in a specialized, single-purpose, high-volume-production machine tool; and the low-count,

5624: 4522: 3408: 5816: 5780: 5677: 5251: 4991: 4694: 4303: 4276: 4243: 339: 924:

Similar to countersunk, but there is a smooth progression from the shank to the angle of the head, similar to the bell of a

5060: 3202: 647:

standards specify a variety of machine screws (aka stove bolts) in diameters ranging up to 0.75 in (19.05 mm).

4395: 3622:

shank, and the nut or threaded hole is made by tapping threads into a hole of 5 mm diameter (6 mm − 1 mm).

1021:

on the underside. This is most relevant to flat heads, which can be driven flush with the surface they are screwed into.

4405: 994: 591: 5840: 5756: 5737: 5415: 4532: 4502: 4469: 4432: 3908: 3570: 3496: 3382: 5886: 3552: 4319: 3618:(e.g. "M8×1" if the screw thread has an outer diameter of 8 mm and advances by 1 mm per 360° rotation). 4139: 5351: 535:. These machines are essentially stripped down milling machines designed to process as many blanks as possible. 414:) were simple internal-wrenching straight slots and external-wrenching squares and hexagons. These were easy to 3548: 3274: 669:

ASME standard B18.2.1-1996 specifies hex cap screws whose size range is 0.25–3 in (6.35–76.20 mm) in

5431: 3921: 3279: 3956: 3874:(BSF) thread was introduced in 1908 because the Whitworth thread was too coarse for some applications. The 3367: 571: 159:. Screws with a left-hand thread are used in exceptional cases, such as where the screw will be subject to 110:

slot that commonly requires a tool to transfer the twisting force. Common tools for driving screws include

42: 4895: 3362: 3269: 3162: 297: 5649: 3850: 3492: 3401: 1733:

consensus standards for grades produced from corrosion resistant steels are ASTM F593 & ASTM A193.

5497: 4015:

and occasionally in other countries. The size of a UTS screw is described using the following format:

3336: 3284: 3172: 388:

In 1821 Hardman Philips built the first screw factory in the United States – on Moshannon Creek, near

366: 5286: 4177: 4064: 3331: 3310: 3305: 3254: 3249: 1753: 489: 312: 62: 5603: 5374: 4579: 3341: 3233: 3223: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3167: 3157: 550:

with wood and leather media to do final cleaning and polishing. For most screws, a coating, such as

3533: 3491:

preferred series has displaced the many older systems. Other relatively common systems include the

3377: 3357: 3177: 3989:

still used in railway signalling, mainly for the termination of electrical equipment and cabling.

3218: 4852: 4106: 4002: 3892: 3537: 3512: 3500: 3488: 3141: 1662: 770:(for corrosion resistance). The zinc coating may be bright yellow (electroplated), or dull gray ( 140:). The cylindrical portion of the screw from the underside of the head to the tip is called the 3136: 4135: 3584: 3544: 3228: 519: 400: 323: 31: 17: 5650:"What Every Member of the Trade Community Should Know About: Distinguishing Bolts from Screws" 5115: 4981: 4838: 4461: 4293: 5907: 5866: 4915: 4684: 4422: 4266: 3614:(e.g. 1.25 mm in the case of M8), then the pitch in millimeters is also appended with a 3487:

There are many systems for specifying the dimensions of screws, but in much of the world the

3394: 459: 4449: 4345: 4233: 538:

The blanks are then polished again prior to threading. The threads are usually produced via

253:. The screw was one of the last of the simple machines to be invented. It first appeared in 5912: 5771: 3887: 3121: 3008: 798: 411: 4077: 144:; it may be fully or partially threaded with the distance between each thread called the 8: 4494: 4146:

made an effort to formalize the difference between a bolt and a screw, because different

3615: 3470: 2769: 771: 463: 373:

lower and lower for decades to come, throughout the 19th century. The mass production of

343: 107: 167: 5011: 4524:

Groundbreaking scientific experiments, inventions, and discoveries of the ancient world

925: 623: 335: 5878:

article section on screws and screw fastener technology developed during World War Two

5574: 5220: 747:

criteria, and the obsolescent term "lag bolt" has been replaced by "lag screw" in the

5881: 5836: 5812: 5794: 5786: 5776: 5766: 5752: 5733: 5714: 5706: 5673: 5456: 5411: 5404: 4987: 4882: 4690: 4528: 4498: 4465: 4450: 4428: 4401: 4299: 4272: 4268:

Right Hand, Left Hand: The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures

4239: 4159: 791: 436: 362:

the slide rest, but this was incorrect; however, his lathes helped to popularize it.

354:. His firm remained a leader in machine tools for decades afterward. A misquoting of 277: 276:(428–350 BC). By the 1st century BC, wooden screws were commonly used throughout the 270: 234: 218: 132:

and keeps the screw from being driven deeper than its length; an exception being the

2886:

Medium carbon boron martensitic steel; fully kilned, fine grain, quench and tempered

249:, and many kinds of binding with cord made of leather or fiber, using many kinds of 4028: 3863: 2830: 2541: 547: 171: 410:

Throughout the 19th century, the most commonly used forms of screw head (that is,

5902: 5856: 5830: 5727: 5691: 5667: 5542: 5438: 5033:"Mechanical properties of bolts, screws, and studs according DIN-ISO 898, part 1" 4487: 4323: 3372: 2990: 2453: 583: 420: 351: 342:

end of the screw-cutting problem, and in 1777 he invented the first satisfactory

308: 242: 182: 178: 160: 128: 5287:"ASTM, SAE and ISO grade markings and mechanical properties for steel fasteners" 2362: 1560: 1506: 661:

with socket heads (see above), often referred to as socket-head machine screws.

166:, which would tend to loosen a right-hand screw. For this reason, the left-side 5747:

Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (2000).

5687: 3896: 1765: 1538: 1450: 1394: 1340: 1088: 900: 551: 543: 539: 440: 347: 266: 238: 222: 100: 80: 73: 4235:

What Every Engineer Should Know about Threaded Fasteners: Materials and Design

1372: 5896: 5826: 5798: 5336:

Other markings may be used to denote atmospheric corrosion resistant material

4725: 4041:

inch and larger the size is given as a fraction; for sizes less than this an

4008: 2245: 1522: 782: 767: 355: 331: 319: 262: 246: 202: 197: 4806: 1794: 1356: 590:) and some authorities would treat some as screws when they are used with a 4171: 3875: 3764:

In addition, the following non-preferred intermediate sizes are specified:

3482: 1576: 1466: 740: 523: 425: 404: 396: 304: 258: 5718: 5162: 5139: 5083: 4452:

Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence

3264: 2921: 2876: 2356: 2299: 2254: 1410: 1275: 1235: 1195: 1155: 1117: 5861: 4789:"Faster Superstore catalog of sheet-metal screws and self-tapping screws" 4457: 4165: 4089: 3883: 3447: 3438: 1018: 958: 688:

distinction they would be screws. Here common terms are at variance with

559: 555: 293: 281: 254: 186: 111: 49: 27:

Type of fastener characterized by a thread wrapped around a cylinder core

5032: 4896:

B18.2.1 - 1996 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Inch Series - Print-Book

2707: 2646: 2085: 2040: 57: 4068: 3899:

is reduced by the different thread angles of 60° and 55° respectively.

1545: 1379: 1052: 743:

and other similar parts. These fasteners are "screws" according to the

736: 370: 289: 137: 88: 53:

A wood screw: a) head; b) non-threaded shank; c) threaded shank; d) tip

5451: 3432:

An electric driver screws a self-tapping phillips head screw into wood

322:, UK, who patented in 1760 a machine that one might today best call a 4183: 4096: 2928: 2548: 2369: 735:

came from an early principal use of such fasteners: the fastening of

511: 415: 285: 206: 152: 3522: 481: 3859: 3587: 3583:

The basic principles of the ISO metric screw thread are defined in

1616: 848:

A low disc with a rounded, high outer edge with large surface area.

827: 809: 724: 670: 448: 444: 378: 273: 123: 96: 76: 3606:

followed by the major diameter of the thread in millimetres (e.g.

318:

The first path was pioneered by brothers Job and William Wyatt of

5772:

One Good Turn: A Natural History of the Screwdriver and the Screw

5705:. Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, USA: Standard Pressed Steel Company. 4807:"Observations on the Development of Wood Screws in North America" 4110:

describes the distinction between bolts and screws as follows:

4042: 3856: 3626: 3591: 3259: 1739:

Head markings and properties for inch-system hex-head cap screws

1048: 971:

Hex shaped, similar to the head of a hex bolt. Sometimes flanged.

700: 650:

A machine screw or bolt is usually a smaller fastener (less than

607: 587: 429: 213: 5790: 5710: 5410:(5 ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 1 page 10. 4881:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from 5703:

How a Farm Boy Built a Successful Corporation: An Autobiography

4147: 4012: 4007:

The Unified Thread Standard (UTS) is most commonly used in the

3882:

The most common use of a Whitworth pitch nowadays is in all UK

636: 474: 163: 115: 84: 3855:

The first person to create a standard (in about 1841) was the

3594:. The most commonly used pitch value for each diameter is the 95:

is that the latter is designed to be tightened or released by

5832:

Carroll Smith's Nuts, Bolts, Fasteners, and Plumbing Handbook

4760:

Henry F. Phillips and Thomas M. Fitzpatrick, "Screw driver,"

831:

Combination flanged-hex/Phillips-head screw used in computers

230: 126:. The head is usually larger than the body, which provide a 119: 4686:

Centre County: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Year 1915

1064:

Head markings and properties for metric hex-head cap screws

4120: 3315: 3300: 3000:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

1570:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

1532:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

1404:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

1366:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

644: 507: 250: 229:

Fasteners had become widespread involving concepts such as

92: 5693:

American Machinists' Handbook and Dictionary of Shop Terms

4088:

validation of the strength of the bolt. However, low-cost

2463:

Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel; quench and tempered

5803:

Various republications (paperback, e-book, braille, etc).

786:

Implant that has been used for fixation of a broken wrist

37: 4708: 4706: 4654: 4652: 4553: 4484: 1205:

Low or medium carbon steel; fully or partially annealed

30:

This article is about the fastener. For other uses, see

5642: 3436:

The hand tool used to drive in most screws is called a

5746: 5476: 4964: 4865: 4753:

Henry F. Phillips and Thomas M. Fitzpatrick, "Screw,"

4207: 3960: 3925: 3629:

bolts, screws and nuts are specified, for example, in

1626:

Stainless steel with 17–19% chromium and 8–13% nickel

715:(UK, Australia, and New Zealand) (also referred to as 4703: 4664: 4649: 4596: 4541: 4520: 3959: 3924: 5452:"SAE Standards for Mobility Knowledge and Solutions" 5402:

Brenner, Harry S. (1977). Parmley, Robert O. (ed.).

4732: 4627: 4625: 4623: 947:

Cylindrical, but with a slightly convex top surface.

801:

types, some not seen outside of these applications.

4397:

Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology

4285: 3902: 5629:Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia 5403: 4825:Mechanic Exercises: Or the Doctrine of Handy-Works 4769: 4764:(filed: January 15, 1935; issued: July 7, 1936). 4757:(filed: January 15, 1935; issued: July 7, 1936). 4682: 4486: 4420: 4347:Physics for Technical Students: Mechanics and Heat 3977: 3945: 288:from olives and for pressing juice from grapes in 5751:(26th ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc. 4637: 4620: 4608: 4258: 2347:Low carbon martensitic steel; quench and tempered 2309:Low carbon martensitic steel; quench and tempered 885:Lower-profile dome designed to prevent tampering. 5894: 4718: 4527:. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 114. 494:There are three steps in manufacturing a screw: 261:period (911-609) BC, and then later appeared in 5659: 4986:(3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 205. 4427:. USA: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 58. 4375:. Vol. 3. John Donaldson. 1773. p. 44 2934:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered 2264:Low or medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 209:and change gears for single-point screw-cutting 5665: 5000: 4400:. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 1993. 4225: 2717:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered 2656:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered 2554:Medium carbon alloy steel; quench and tempered 5811:(23rd ed.). New York: Industrial Press. 5686: 5157: 5155: 5134: 5132: 4485:Bunch, Bryan H.; Alexander Hellemans (2004). 4361: 4049: 3402: 510:, which is supplied in large coils, or round 5602:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from 5496:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5055: 5053: 5051: 4676: 4424:Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels 4123:B18.2.1 and some dictionary definitions for 3598:. For some diameters, one or two additional 1516:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered 1460:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered 1350:Low carbon boron steel; quench and tempered 79:capable of being tightened or released by a 5346: 5344: 5342: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 4975: 4973: 4521:Krebs, Robert E.; Carolyn A. Krebs (2003). 3551:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3442:. A power tool that does the same job is a 1688:304 stainless steel-class 70 (cold worked) 245:(with or without clenching the nail ends), 5867:Imperial/Metric fastening sizes comparison 5765: 5406:Standard Handbook of Fastening and Joining 5152: 5129: 4775: 4712: 4670: 4658: 4643: 4631: 4614: 4602: 4559: 4547: 4180: – Process of creating a screw thread 3996: 3886:. Additionally, the standard photographic 3870:, abbreviated to BSW (BS 84:1956) and the 3506: 3409: 3395: 5700: 5666:Bickford, John H.; Nassar, Sayed (1998). 5441:", Chilton DIY, Retrieved April 26, 2016. 5332: 5330: 5233: 5048: 4738: 4174: – Rod with ridges wrapped around it 3895:bolts fit 1/4" BSW camera tripod bushes, 3610:). If the thread does not use the normal 3571:Learn how and when to remove this message 2095:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 1420:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 1385:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 1285:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 358:popularized the notion that Maudslay had 5494:Cambridge Dictionary of American English 5339: 5264: 5252:"Hardware, bulk — Technical information" 5196: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5078: 5076: 5061:"Bolt grade markings and strength chart" 4979: 4970: 4343: 4291: 4271:. Harvard University Press. p. 46. 4095: 3420: 2375:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 2176:Medium carbon steel; quench and tempered 1735: 1245:Low or medium carbon steel; cold worked 1060: 826: 808: 781: 699: 635: 586:, although some are thread-forming (eg. 480: 473: 212: 196: 56: 48: 36: 5600:Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 5401: 4337: 4264: 4144:federal government of the United States 3469:Modern screws employ a wide variety of 3082: 3077: 2978: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 1805:Strength and hardness is not specified 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 875:A dome-shaped head used for decoration. 405:cost reduction spurred ever greater use 14: 5895: 5807:Ryffel, Henry H.; et al. (1988). 5806: 5327: 5306: 5304: 5302: 4683:J. Thomas Mitchell (3 February 2009). 4493:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 4447: 4421:Woods, Michael; Mary B. Woods (2000). 4393: 4100:Differentiation between bolt and screw 3946:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle p=0.9^{4}} 5835:. MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company. 5825: 5432:How to Recognize Metric and SAE Bolts 5097: 5073: 4822: 4800: 4798: 4514: 4489:The history of science and technology 4478: 4414: 4387: 4344:Anderson, William Ballantyne (1914). 4231: 4219: 4168: – Tools to create screw threads 3978:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle 6p^{1.2}} 3953: mm (0.65 mm) and diameter 3043: 2329: 1631: 617: 93:difference between a screw and a bolt 5725: 5701:Hallowell, Howard Thomas Sr (1951). 5617: 5221:"Grade Markings: Carbon Steel Bolts" 4350:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 112 4119:This distinction is consistent with 3891:larger thread. Note that while 1/4" 3549:adding citations to reliable sources 3516: 330:Meanwhile, English instrument-maker 5862:NASA-RP-1228 Fastener Design Manual 5669:Handbook of bolts and bolted joints 5625:"How to use tools and make repairs" 5299: 5176: 4565: 4448:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999). 4238:. Taylor & Francis. p. 9. 3466:is used with a power screw driver. 562:, is applied to prevent corrosion. 24: 4879:"Text of the Fastener Quality Act" 4795: 4689:. Penn State Press. pp. 39–. 4011:, but is also extensively used in 565: 25: 5924: 5850: 5729:Basic Principles for Construction 5571:Compact Oxford English Dictionary 5547:Merriam Webster Online Dictionary 5391:from the original on Feb 2, 2023. 5352:"FastenalTechnicalReferenceGuide" 5312:"Fastener identification marking" 4804: 4318: 4298:. Industrial Press. p. 200. 3909:British Association screw threads 1993:Medium carbon steel; cold worked 1586:Alloy steel; quench and tempered 1551:Alloy steel; quench and tempered 1476:Alloy steel; quench and tempered 704:Lag screw, also called a lag bolt 292:. The first documentation of the 5690:; Stanley, Frank Arthur (1914). 3903:British Association screw thread 3521: 3476: 2989: 2920: 2875: 2829: 2768: 2706: 2645: 2540: 2452: 2361: 2355: 2298: 2253: 2084: 2050:Medium carbon steel; cold worked 2039: 1793: 1615: 1575: 1559: 1537: 1521: 1505: 1465: 1449: 1409: 1393: 1371: 1355: 1339: 1274: 1234: 1194: 1154: 1116: 1017:Most head types can provide for 993: 981: 899:of the screw is measured as the 664: 631: 506:. Screws are normally made from 395:The American development of the 106:The screw head on one end has a 5588: 5559: 5535: 5511: 5482: 5470: 5444: 5424: 5395: 5367: 5184:"Mechanical Methods of Joining" 5025: 4958: 4929: 4900: 4889: 4871: 4859: 4845: 4831: 4816: 4781: 4744: 4441: 4394:Morris, Christopher G. (1992). 3497:BA system (British Association) 865:Cylindrical with a rounded top. 334:(1735–1800) was working on the 41:An assortment of screws, and a 5631:. A.L. Dyke. 1919. p. 701 4312: 4213: 4201: 1747:Grade, material and condition 1072:Grade, material and condition 974: 526:process. Heading produces the 469: 367:Standardization of threadforms 269:where it was described by the 13: 1: 5882:How to feed screws and dowels 5112:"Metric structural fasteners" 4190: 1709:304 stainless steel-class 80 777: 600: 462:. They are key components of 151:Most screws are tightened by 5696:(2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. 5660:General and cited references 4195: 3844: 3452:torque-limiting screwdrivers 695: 572:List of screw and bolt types 435:In the early 1930s American 432:) shortly followed in 1911. 181:is one of the six classical 155:rotation, which is called a 7: 4839:"Making 18th c wood screws" 4153: 3101: 3098: 3090: 3087: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3045: 1907:Low or medium carbon steel 1892: 1887: 1869:Low or medium carbon steel 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1165:Low or medium carbon steel 298:Housebook of Wolfegg Castle 10: 5929: 5887:American Screw Sizes Chart 4295:Technical Shop Mathematics 4050:Mechanical classifications 4000: 3906: 3868:British Standard Whitworth 3851:British Standard Whitworth 3848: 3510: 3493:British Standard Whitworth 3480: 1738: 1063: 1046: 789: 621: 569: 487: 192: 29: 5857:How the World Got Screwed 4980:Mitchell, George (1995). 4762:U.S. Patent no. 2,046,840 4755:U.S. Patent no. 2,046,839 4324:"Bicycle Glossary: Pedal" 4186: – Insert for screws 4178:Threading (manufacturing) 4065:ultimate tensile strength 3061: 3006: 3004: 2983: 2936: 2906: 2774: 2546: 2539: 2458: 2451: 2367: 2354: 2334: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2311: 2297: 2284: 2236: 2201: 2171: 2090: 2083: 2070: 2020: 1902: 1885: 1883: 1851: 1804: 1792: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1667: 1653: 1614: 1553: 1499: 1478: 1443: 1422: 1387: 1333: 1312: 1280: 1273: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1042: 1028:Mixed (combo) head shapes 988:Combo pan and countersunk 490:Threading (manufacturing) 399:(1840s) and of automatic 63:classical simple machines 5573:. Oxford. Archived from 4059:strength rating (called 3203:Phillips/Slotted 3108: 1750:Nominal size range (in) 1075:Nominal size range (mm) 1037: 592:female threaded fastener 546:. The workpiece is then 4912:autorepair.com Glossary 4373:Encyclopædia Britannica 4292:Anderson, J.G. (1983). 4003:Unified Thread Standard 3997:Unified Thread Standard 3631:International Standards 3513:ISO metric screw thread 3507:ISO metric screw thread 3501:Unified Thread Standard 3489:ISO metric screw thread 1761:Tensile strength, min. 1727: 1084:Tensile strength, min. 804: 576: 346:. The British engineer 205:of 1871, equipped with 5726:Huth, Mark W. (2003). 4823:Moxon, Joseph (1703). 4562:, pp. 34, 66, 90. 4117: 4101: 3979: 3947: 3585:international standard 3433: 832: 824: 823:f — oval (raised head) 821:e — flat (countersunk) 787: 705: 641: 485: 478: 226: 210: 65: 54: 46: 32:Screw (disambiguation) 4983:Carpentry and Joinery 4941:autozone.com Glossary 4868:, pp. 1568–1598. 4853:"Iron Age, Volume 44" 4162: – Type of screw 4112: 4099: 3980: 3948: 3872:British Standard Fine 3431: 3013:Stainless steel with 1758:Yield strength, min. 1665:-class 50 (annealed) 1513:Class 10.9 low carbon 1081:Yield strength, min. 1047:Further information: 830: 812: 785: 723:, although this is a 703: 639: 484: 477: 460:industrial revolution 381:-style production of 216: 200: 60: 52: 40: 5809:Machinery's Handbook 5749:Machinery's Handbook 5732:. Cengage Learning. 5688:Colvin, Fred Herbert 4805:White, Christopher. 4265:McManus, C. (2002). 4107:Machinery's Handbook 3957: 3922: 3545:improve this section 3462:(US usage), while a 2776:ASTM A354 - Grade BD 1457:Class 9.8 low carbon 1347:Class 8.8 low carbon 901:aperture of the cone 819:d — truss (mushroom) 745:Machinery's Handbook 690:Machinery's Handbook 686:Machinery's Handbook 542:; however, some are 274:Archytas of Tarentum 4726:U.S. patent 161,390 3616:multiplication sign 3471:screw drive designs 3116:Part of a series on 3015:17–19% chromium and 1866:ASTM A307 - Grade B 1663:304 stainless steel 1567:ASTM A490M - Type 3 1401:ASTM A325M - Type 3 1000:Combo pan and truss 845:(short for "panel") 441:Phillips-head screw 344:screw-cutting lathe 296:is in the medieval 271:Greek mathematician 235:mortises and tenons 233:and pins, wedging, 45:for size comparison 5767:Rybczynski, Witold 5577:on January 6, 2005 5437:2018-09-25 at the 4232:Blake, A. (1986). 4102: 3975: 3974: 3943: 3942: 3770:ISO metric thread 3639:ISO metric thread 3434: 3260:Hex socket (Allen) 3255:Robertson (square) 2997:ASTM A490 - Type 3 2460:ASTM A325 - Type 3 2344:ASTM A449 - Type 2 2173:ASTM A449 - Type 1 1033:pan and truss etc. 833: 825: 788: 772:hot-dip galvanized 706: 675:finished hex bolts 642: 624:Self-tapping screw 618:Self-tapping screw 594:other than a nut. 486: 479: 227: 219:Brown & Sharpe 211: 168:pedal of a bicycle 66: 55: 47: 5889:– TPOHH Fasteners 5874:, February 1946, 5872:"Hold Everything" 5818:978-0-8311-1200-4 5782:978-0-684-86729-8 5679:978-0-8247-9977-9 5477:Oberg et al. 2000 5457:SAE International 5163:"ASTM A490M - 09" 5140:"ASTM A325M - 09" 5084:"ASTM F568M - 07" 5008:"Metric Handbook" 4993:978-1-84480-079-7 4965:Oberg et al. 2000 4866:Oberg et al. 2000 4741:, pp. 51–59. 4715:, pp. 79–81. 4696:978-0-271-04499-6 4673:, pp. 76–78. 4661:, pp. 97–99. 4605:, pp. 75–99. 4550:, pp. 90–94. 4305:978-0-8311-1145-8 4278:978-0-674-01613-2 4245:978-0-8493-8379-3 4208:Oberg et al. 2000 4160:Syndesmotic screw 4031:(TPI). For sizes 3839: 3838: 3805:Wrench size (mm) 3762: 3761: 3701:Wrench size (mm) 3581: 3580: 3573: 3444:power screwdriver 3429: 3419: 3418: 3106: 3105: 1818:Low carbon steel 1725: 1724: 1007: 1006: 815:b — dome (button) 792:Internal fixation 729:French wood screw 437:Henry F. Phillips 340:instrument-making 157:right-hand thread 72:is an externally 16:(Redirected from 5920: 5846: 5822: 5802: 5762: 5743: 5722: 5697: 5683: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5529: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5448: 5442: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5409: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5379: 5375:"Thread Systems" 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5348: 5337: 5334: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5308: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5283: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5248: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5217: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5114:. Archived from 5108: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5080: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5057: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5010:. Archived from 5004: 4998: 4997: 4977: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4943:. Archived from 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4914:. Archived from 4904: 4898: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4792: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4700: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4584: 4578:. Archived from 4577: 4573:"Am_Wood_Screws" 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4492: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4455: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4072:= 400 MPa. 4040: 4039: 4035: 4029:threads per inch 3984: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3864:Joseph Whitworth 3767: 3766: 3636: 3635: 3576: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3556: 3525: 3517: 3430: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3280:12-spline flange 3242:Internal polygon 3211:External polygon 3113: 3112: 3102:550–620 typical 3085:310–480 typical 3074: 3073: 3069: 3059:690–860 typical 3056:100–125 typical 3053:550–620 typical 3040: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3016: 2993: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2924: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2879: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2833: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2772: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2710: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2649: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2544: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2456: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2365: 2359: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2302: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2257: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2088: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2043: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1797: 1736: 1706:ISO 3506-1 A2-80 1685:ISO 3506-1 A2-70 1659:ISO 3506-1 A2-50 1619: 1579: 1563: 1541: 1525: 1509: 1469: 1453: 1413: 1397: 1375: 1359: 1343: 1288:Under 16 (inc.) 1278: 1238: 1198: 1158: 1120: 1061: 1030: 1029: 1014: 1013: 997: 985: 975: 968: 967: 954: 953: 944: 943: 934: 933: 921: 920: 911: 910: 892: 891: 882: 881: 872: 871: 861: 860: 855: 854: 844: 843: 764: 763: 759: 659: 658: 654: 533:slotting machine 439:popularized the 172:left-hand thread 161:counterclockwise 74:helical threaded 21: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5893: 5892: 5876:Popular Science 5853: 5843: 5819: 5783: 5759: 5740: 5680: 5662: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5609: 5607: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5580: 5578: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5527: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5503: 5501: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5479:, p. 1492. 5475: 5471: 5462: 5460: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5439:Wayback Machine 5429: 5425: 5418: 5400: 5396: 5388: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5265: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5234: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5197: 5188: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5168: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5153: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5121: 5119: 5110: 5109: 5098: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5017: 5015: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4978: 4971: 4967:, p. 1497. 4963: 4959: 4950: 4948: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4919: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4890: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4803: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4776:Rybczynski 2000 4774: 4770: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4713:Rybczynski 2000 4711: 4704: 4697: 4681: 4677: 4671:Rybczynski 2000 4669: 4665: 4659:Rybczynski 2000 4657: 4650: 4644:Rybczynski 2000 4642: 4638: 4632:Rybczynski 2000 4630: 4621: 4615:Rybczynski 2000 4613: 4609: 4603:Rybczynski 2000 4601: 4597: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4560:Rybczynski 2000 4558: 4554: 4548:Rybczynski 2000 4546: 4542: 4535: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4353: 4351: 4342: 4338: 4329: 4327: 4326:. Sheldon Brown 4317: 4313: 4306: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4263: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4230: 4226: 4218: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4156: 4150:apply to each. 4052: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4005: 3999: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3911: 3905: 3853: 3847: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3542: 3526: 3515: 3509: 3485: 3479: 3421: 3415: 3111: 3084: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3012: 2999: 2980: 2975: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2346: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1894: 1889: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1764:Core hardness ( 1730: 1708: 1687: 1661: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1625: 1585: 1569: 1550: 1531: 1515: 1475: 1459: 1419: 1403: 1384: 1365: 1349: 1284: 1244: 1204: 1164: 1087:Core hardness ( 1078:Proof strength 1055: 1045: 1040: 1027: 1026: 1011: 1010: 1001: 998: 989: 986: 965: 964: 951: 950: 941: 940: 931: 930: 918: 917: 908: 907: 889: 888: 879: 878: 869: 868: 858: 857: 852: 851: 841: 840: 822: 820: 818: 816: 814: 807: 794: 780: 761: 757: 756: 755:200 mm or 739:such as barrel 698: 667: 656: 652: 651: 640:A machine screw 634: 626: 620: 603: 579: 574: 568: 566:Types of screws 548:tumble finished 492: 472: 421:P. L. Robertson 352:commodification 309:mass production 195: 183:simple machines 179:screw mechanism 129:bearing surface 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5926: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5891: 5890: 5884: 5879: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5852: 5851:External links 5849: 5848: 5847: 5841: 5827:Smith, Carroll 5823: 5817: 5804: 5781: 5763: 5757: 5744: 5738: 5723: 5698: 5684: 5678: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5641: 5616: 5587: 5558: 5534: 5510: 5481: 5469: 5443: 5423: 5416: 5394: 5366: 5338: 5326: 5298: 5263: 5232: 5195: 5175: 5151: 5128: 5096: 5072: 5047: 5024: 4999: 4992: 4969: 4957: 4928: 4899: 4888: 4885:on 2011-07-21. 4870: 4858: 4844: 4830: 4827:. Mendham, NJ. 4815: 4794: 4780: 4778:, p. 104. 4768: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4743: 4739:Hallowell 1951 4731: 4717: 4702: 4695: 4675: 4663: 4648: 4636: 4619: 4607: 4595: 4564: 4552: 4540: 4533: 4513: 4503: 4477: 4470: 4440: 4433: 4413: 4407:978-0122004001 4406: 4386: 4360: 4336: 4320:Brown, Sheldon 4311: 4304: 4284: 4277: 4257: 4244: 4224: 4212: 4210:, p. 1492 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4155: 4152: 4061:property class 4051: 4048: 4001:Main article: 3998: 3995: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3907:Main article: 3904: 3901: 3897:yield strength 3849:Main article: 3846: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3579: 3578: 3529: 3527: 3520: 3511:Main article: 3508: 3505: 3481:Main article: 3478: 3475: 3458:(UK usage) or 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3118: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3099:80–90 typical 3097: 3093: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3081: 3080:45–70 typical 3076: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3048:80–90 typical 3044: 3042: 3020: 3009:18/8 Stainless 3005: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981:1,200 maximum 2977: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2935: 2925: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2778: 2773: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2718: 2711: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2657: 2650: 2642: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2555: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2464: 2457: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2376: 2366: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2310: 2303: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2265: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2096: 2089: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2051: 2044: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2019: 1994: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1908: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1870: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1819: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1798: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1754:Proof strength 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1542: 1534: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1470: 1462: 1461: 1454: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1414: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1376: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1352: 1351: 1344: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1279: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1239: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1199: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1019:countersinking 1015: 1012:Countersinking 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 999: 992: 990: 987: 980: 973: 972: 969: 962: 955: 948: 945: 942:Fillister head 938: 935: 928: 922: 915: 912: 904: 893: 886: 883: 876: 873: 866: 863: 849: 846: 806: 803: 790:Main article: 779: 776: 697: 694: 666: 663: 633: 630: 622:Main article: 619: 616: 602: 599: 578: 575: 570:Main article: 567: 564: 558:) or applying 552:electroplating 540:thread rolling 500:thread rolling 471: 468: 401:screw machines 348:Henry Maudslay 267:Ancient Greece 194: 191: 81:twisting force 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5925: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5844: 5842:0-87938-406-9 5838: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5758:0-8311-2635-3 5754: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5739:1-4018-3837-5 5735: 5731: 5730: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5672:. CRC Press. 5671: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5651: 5645: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5606:on 2008-12-06 5605: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5500:on 2008-12-06 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5473: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5417:0-07-048511-9 5413: 5408: 5407: 5398: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5370: 5353: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5333: 5331: 5313: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5118:on 1999-04-21 5117: 5113: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5085: 5079: 5077: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5034: 5028: 5014:on 2007-10-31 5013: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4961: 4947:on 2010-05-02 4946: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4918:on 2011-07-23 4917: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4854: 4848: 4840: 4834: 4826: 4819: 4808: 4801: 4799: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4772: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4646:, p. 76. 4645: 4640: 4634:, p. 75. 4633: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4617:, p. 99. 4616: 4611: 4604: 4599: 4585:on 2011-10-08 4581: 4574: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4544: 4536: 4534:0-313-31342-3 4530: 4526: 4525: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4504:0-618-22123-9 4500: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4481: 4473: 4471:9781575060422 4467: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4453: 4444: 4436: 4434:0-8225-2994-7 4430: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4390: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4349: 4348: 4340: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4261: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4228: 4222:, p. 39. 4221: 4216: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4079: 4078:offset strain 4073: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4047: 4044: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4009:United States 4004: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3915: 3910: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3842: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3575: 3572: 3564: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3530:This section 3528: 3524: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3477:Screw threads 3474: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3412: 3407: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363:Spline socket 3361: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3324:Three-pointed 3323: 3322: 3317: 3316:External Torx 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3275:Triple-square 3273: 3271: 3270:Double-square 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3163:French recess 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3095: 3094: 3065: 3064: 3021: 3011: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2979:1,000 minimum 2932: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2903: 2900: 2888: 2884: 2883:SAE grade 8.2 2881: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2779: 2777: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2307: 2306:SAE grade 5.2 2304: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2278: 2266: 2262: 2261:SAE grade 5.1 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2195: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1954:Greater than 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1755: 1744:Head marking 1742: 1737: 1734: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1383: 1381: 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464:micrometers 412:drive types 407:of screws. 390:Philipsburg 371:unit prices 294:screwdriver 257:during the 255:Mesopotamia 187:Renaissance 185:defined by 5897:Categories 5635:2009-01-13 5610:2008-12-03 5581:2008-12-03 5552:2008-12-03 5528:2008-12-03 5504:2008-12-03 5463:2023-02-20 5360:2010-04-30 5320:2009-06-23 5292:2009-06-06 5257:2009-05-30 5226:2009-05-30 5189:2009-06-06 5169:2009-06-06 5145:2009-06-13 5122:2009-06-06 5090:2009-06-06 5066:2009-05-29 5041:2009-06-06 5018:2009-06-06 4951:2010-10-13 4922:2009-01-13 4908:"lug bolt" 4589:2010-04-30 4460:. p. 4354:2008-05-11 4330:2010-10-19 4251:2021-01-24 4220:Smith 1990 4191:References 3600:fine pitch 3499:, and the 3464:nut setter 3337:Tri-groove 3285:Double hex 3173:JIS B 1012 3137:Slot drive 3078:40 minimum 3075:–1 (inc.) 2551:- Grade BC 2387:–1 (inc.) 2107:–1 (inc.) 1888:60 minimum 1649:73 minimum 1639:30 minimum 1583:Class 12.9 1546:ASTM A490M 1473:Class 10.9 1380:ASTM A325M 1053:ASTM A325M 919:Bugle head 880:Truss head 870:Round head 778:Bone screw 709:Lag screws 601:Wood screw 488:See also: 430:hex socket 336:toolmaking 290:winemaking 138:grub screw 43:US quarter 5799:462234518 4196:Citations 4184:Wall plug 3845:Whitworth 3532:does not 3383:Line Head 3373:Pentalobe 3332:Tri-point 3311:Torx ttap 3306:Polydrive 3250:Tri-angle 3150:Cruciform 2929:ASTM A490 2549:ASTM A354 2370:ASTM A325 1815:ASTM A307 1629:up to 20 1417:Class 9.8 1282:Class 8.8 1242:Class 5.8 1202:Class 4.8 1162:Class 4.6 1124:Class 3.6 890:Flat head 859:dome head 817:c — round 717:lag bolts 696:Lag screw 512:bar stock 313:converged 286:olive oil 280:world in 239:dovetails 207:leadscrew 153:clockwise 134:set screw 87:) to the 5829:(1990). 5791:00036988 5769:(2000), 5711:52001275 5523:allwords 5435:Archived 5386:Archived 4154:See also 4019:, where 3860:engineer 3728:16 or 17 3588:ISO 68-1 3561:May 2021 3342:Tri-wing 3234:12-point 3224:Pentagon 3198:Torq-set 3193:Supadriv 3188:Pozidriv 3183:Phillips 3168:ISO 8764 3158:Frearson 2931:- Type 1 2372:- Type 1 2248:183–235 2079:B70–100 1984:B70–100 1949:B80–100 1860:B70–100 1766:Rockwell 1589:1.6–100 1548:- Type 1 1382:- Type 1 1089:Rockwell 966:Hex head 906:Oval or 842:Pan head 749:Handbook 725:misnomer 711:(US) or 671:diameter 449:Supadriv 445:Pozidriv 379:toolroom 360:invented 124:hex keys 116:wrenches 97:torquing 77:fastener 61:The six 5519:"screw" 5490:"screw" 4855:. 1889. 4379:5 April 4148:tariffs 4043:integer 4036:⁄ 4027:is the 3857:English 3627:hexagon 3625:Metric 3592:ISO 262 3553:removed 3538:sources 3456:spanner 3368:Quadrex 3358:One-way 3350:Special 3178:Mortorq 3129:Slotted 3096:over 1 3070:⁄ 3041:(inc.) 3036:⁄ 3026:⁄ 2984:C33–38 2955:⁄ 2941:⁄ 2915:C33–39 2893:⁄ 2870:C31–39 2844:⁄ 2824:C33–39 2803:(inc.) 2798:⁄ 2784:⁄ 2763:C32–38 2738:⁄ 2724:⁄ 2677:⁄ 2663:⁄ 2640:C22–33 2614:⁄ 2601:C26–36 2580:(inc.) 2575:⁄ 2561:⁄ 2535:C19–31 2510:⁄ 2496:C24–35 2470:⁄ 2447:C19–31 2422:⁄ 2408:C24–35 2382:⁄ 2350:C25–34 2338:C26–36 2316:⁄ 2293:C25–40 2272:⁄ 2246:Brinell 2223:⁄ 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