720:
scrubland, land which the
Santals specialized in farming. By the 1930s, their numbers in this region the Santals had become two lakh. Most were settled on wasteland where the rent was cheaper than the more fertile wet lands. However they faced heavy taxation from the zamindars, and were oppressed by moneylenders, upper castes, and the bureaucracy in general. In 1924, several Santal sardars, influenced by Gandhian ideology and led by Jitu Sardar, began to lead agitations against the oppressive double system of elite Bengalis and British government. Santals stopped paying rent to the zamindars, beat up revenue inspectors, and led agitations against the moneylenders. In 1928, the Santals stopped paying the chaukidari tax and led protests in Thakurgaon in 1929. In 1932, several Santals attempted to organise their own state with Jitu Sardar as head, initially based on Gandhi's Ram Rajya but quickly criticised Gandhi when he did not help them. In 1933, a British commissioner was appointed to look into the grievances of Santals of North Bengal.
1688:. These two had seven sons and seven daughters, but the couple soon had a quarrel and separated. Pilchu Haram and his sons became great hunters, and on a time came upon the daughters, who had become maidens and were unrecognisable. They became introduced and made love. Looking for his sons, Pilchu Haram discovered an old woman and asked for fire, and upon talking to her more, he discovered his wife and reconciled with her. Another version tells how Pilchu Budhi was in fact in tears at her daughters' disappearance, but Marang Buru reassured her that they were all safe and brought her to reconcile with her husband. When their sons found out they had married their sisters, they were very angry and would have killed their parents if Marang Buru had not hidden them in a cave, where they stayed for the rest of their days. The children of these seven couples became the progenitors of the Santal clans.
1716:
1242:
1400:
1164:
610:, who were against destruction of forest, were known raiders of the plains areas and had only recently been partially "pacified". Eventually, the Santals, with their better technology and ability to match the Paharia's guerrilla attacks, managed to drive them out. They clear the forest tracts and started cultivation in these areas. Their settlement took place between the 1830s and 1850s: in 1830, the area was home to only 3,000 Santals, but by the 1850s, 83,000 Santals had settled in the land and had turned it into paddy fields. This resulted in a 22 times increase in Company revenue from the area.
1195:
547:
6302:
896:
1840:
220:
101:
1179:
1099:), Chorey or Chonre (lizard), Pauria or Pawria (pigeon) and Bediya. Members of a senior clan do not marry members of a junior clan, and there are some forbidden marriages as well, such as between Marandi and Kisku. In addition, Besras are sometimes treated differently due to their perceived low status, but other than the context of marriage, they play no role in social life. The clans also avoid harming their clan totem, lest evil befall them.
308:
1345:(rice-beer) to the guests. The negotiations for bride-price continue between the fathers exclusively until an amount is reached. Although this is nowadays in cash, livestock or other goods are not uncommon. The bride price is generally light and it is seen wrong to stop two young people from marrying because of a disagreement about bride price. After an agreement is reached, celebrations ensue and festive drinking continues into the night.
1936:
299:
5865:
238:
113:
4189:
128:
89:
50:
1724:
3589:
1807:. The inclusion in Schedule Tribe list have been opposed by respective states and tribal activists organization following Sixth Scheduled autonomy, such as the Coordination Committee of Tribal Organizations of Assam (CCTOA). The organisation feared up that granting Scheduled Tribe status to the Santal and other 40 migrated tribal communities will squeeze up the benefits of
276:
1701:) on the edge of the village where many spirits live and where a series of annual festivals take place. This grove is set aside in the founding of the village and left undisturbed except at times of festival. Inside is set a series of natural (uncut) stones which represent the bongas, but are not substitutes except during festival. The
700:, where the normal procedures of British India did not apply. Administration of the community was primarily made the responsibility of the village headman, or pradhan, who was also given the power to collect taxes. It was made illegal for Santals to transfer land to non-Santals, allowing them to have legal rights over their land.
570:. Therefore, when the Permanent Settlement was enacted in 1790, the Company looked for agriculturalists to clear the lands. British officials turned their attention to Santals, who were ready to clear the forest for the practice of settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area of the Raj Mahal hills demarcated as
1555:), who handle different aspects of the world and who are placated with prayers and offerings. These benevolent spirits operate at the village, household, ancestor, and sub-clan level, along with evil spirits that cause disease and can inhabit village boundaries, mountains, water, tigers, and the forest. The
4199:
594:
migrated and started cultivating these lands as peasants sponsored by landowners and the
British who were desperate for labour. Under British direction, Santals took loans from non-Santal moneylenders to buy iron tools, seed grain and oxen as individuals and families, rather than groups as was their
1763:
or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family
1675:
to create the human bodies. When she had finally succeeded, she was told by Marang Buru to use the human spirits that were high on the rafters of his hut. She could not reach the human spirit, and took the bird spirit instead. When Marang Buru integrated the spirits with the bodies, they flew away
1735:
A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involves petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who
719:
In the late 19th century, many
Santals migrated from the Santal Parganas to the districts of Bihar and North Bengal such as Purnia, Malda and Dinajpur. The Santals still faced retaliation after the Santal Hul and were invited by zamindars to cultivate many parts of north Bengal, which had become
1395:
involve very little ritual: Santal society has clearly defined roles for marriage, and the choice of the couple is respected. Decisions by the families are done in a spirit of consensus rather than adversarially, and marriage is seen just as important for the entire village as for the couple.
1711:
of earth covered with a thatched roof outside the headman's house, is where the Majhi's ancestors' spirits live. During the summer, a jug of water is placed there so the spirits can drink. Here the most important decisions of the village are made, including judgements.
525:
and finally Saont, where they settled for good. According to Dalton, where they were renamed to Santal from cluster name
Kharwar. This legend, which has been cited by several scholars, has been used as evidence that the Santals once had a significant presence in
1362:'s family. Afterwards the couple arrive in the bride's natal village. The bride arriving first carrying a pot with white clay, the symbol of a woman returning to her natal village as a guest. The bride greets her mother first and neighbours are invited to share
787:, for which Jharkhand assembly passed a resolution in 2020. Many still face poverty and exploitation, and in Bangladesh, theft of their lands is common. Although spread out over a large area, they now consider the Santal Parganas as their cultural heartland.
1386:, the bride thanks the headman for all he has done and gives a symbolic gift. The headman then blesses the couple and wishes the bride strength, good luck and many strong sons. The couple then leaves for the groom's village to start their new life.
923:("junior"). This standing is evaluated by relation: for example, is someone is greeting their father's elder brother's son, they would be the junior irrespective of age. Similarly, when someone greets their elder brother's wife, the wife would be
621:. Unlike the Santals, the British valued individual competition instead of cooperation, and had a rigid system of laws very different from the relatively relaxed norms of the village council, the highest form of government most Santals knew.
1664:
in itself simply means a supernatural force in the world and has no specific connotation with good or evil. Moreover, these bongas do not refer to specific objects but to the invisible force that governs or is associated with those objects.
1676:
and asked for a place to build a nest. Marang Buru could not get anyone else to bring land to the surface, and so the tortoise volunteered and pushed the Earth onto his back. The birds then gave birth to a boy and a girl called
1275:
of the girl's village arrives at the house of the headman of the boy's village to discover the couple's intentions. The couple are summoned to the village headman and the bride is asked whether she wishes to set a date for
707:
formally took control over India in 1858, the
Santals continued their system of government and traditions. Newly established Christian missions brought education, and many Santals moved to the tea plantations in
1668:
The Santal creation story holds that originally the world was water, and Marang Buru and some lesser deities were the only inhabitants. When some spirits requested permission to make humans, Marang Buru asked
1017:. These 12 clans are divided into two ranks: 7 senior and 5 junior. The senior clans are believed to originate from the 7 sons and daughters of the first man and woman, and in order of seniority they are:
732:
in India. In East
Pakistan, there were some regions in the west where Santals were still in significant numbers. There and in neighbouring West Bengal, the Santals provided significant support to the
4136:
2822:
716:, where they still remain today. However, most continued with their old life, but were still not prosperous. In addition, secular education did not become widespread until after Indian independence.
688:, the impact of the Santhal Rebellion lives on as a turning point in Santhal pride and identity. This was reaffirmed, over a century and a half later with the creation of the tribal province in the
3732:
823:("people of one house") in Singhbhum, cannot marry each other and propitiate the same deity, since the house refers to a common ancestor from which all the families are believed to descend. Only
1300:
stays in the village to give all the information he can to the bride's father: both in determining what would be a good bride price to demand and whether the marriage might end in a short time.
728:
The Santal community, like the others of the region, was split between West Bengal in India and East Bengal in
Pakistan during Partition. After independence, the Santals were made one of the
3986:
1736:
practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other
1530:(987), Kharwar (385), Sant (356), Saran (352), Jain (348), Achinthar (273), Sarin (185), Marangboro (167), Saranath (157), Seran (125), Adi (84), and Alchichi (78). Additionally, 102 were
4011:
1998:
1269:. In this form of marriage, a boy and girl who wish to marry decide to go to the groom's house and stay there a while. When the girl's family are made aware of their situation, the
1160:, Sakrat, Mahmore, Rundo and Magsim are important festivals. They traditionally accompany many of their dances during these festivals with two drums: the Tamak‘ and the Tumdak’.
1658:
caused many early colonial scholars to present Santal religion as wholly focused on the appeasement of evil spirits or as representing bongas as exclusively harmful. However
503:
Due to the lack of significant archaeological records, the original homeland of the
Santhals is not known with certainty. The folklore of the Santhals claims they came from
1315:, headman, village elders, and the bride's father and some relations, arrives at the bride's village. They are seated at the headman's house with respect and organized by
3907:
868:
of their locality, who are enmeshed in Santal society. Those with this relationship can marry, and attend major festivals as guests. People related by marriage, although
4385:
Prasad, Onkar. Santal Music: A Study in
Pattern and Process of Cultural Persistence, Tribal Studies of India Series; T 115. New Delhi: Inter-India Publications, 1985.
7699:
3873:
2889:
696:. Following the rebellion, the British satisfied all Santhal demands, due to their importance as a tax-paying group. The British created a 5000 km area, called
4055:
6191:
1327:
status. Meanwhile, the groom's family gathers to discuss the bride price the groom's father should pay. The two parties then meet and the fathers negotiate the
1257:
There are seven kinds of marriage recognized in the Santal community, each with its own degree of social acceptance. The most elaborate kind of marriage is the
1380:), while getting acquainted with the husband. When the couple leaves the bride's village, the bride pays her respects to the headman in his courtyard. At the
4467:
2978:
2979:"Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018"
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911:
society, but still has some status differences. The most important marker of a person when interacting with others in Santal society is their standing as
5900:
2925:
7724:
3625:, p. 40"... it simply signifies invisible supernatural forces or powers and can very well be understood equivalent to the English word 'spirit'."
971:"receives" this respect. This greeting should not be done hastily, and correct practice of it is encouraged in children from a young age. However the
856:, or guests. Members of other communities, especially those not speaking Santali, are excluded from this grouping, except for communities such as the
781:
was made a separate division of the state. These
Santals have also agitated for recognition of their traditions in the census as a separate religion,
3223:
2249:
3312:
4908:
4435:
1626:, who are held to be less powerful, are the spirits of important people of the village who have since been deified. There is also another class of
7729:
4382:
Orans, Martin. "The Santal; a Tribe in Search of a Great Tradition." Based on thesis, University of Chicago., Wayne State University Press, 1965.
3847:
566:
region, were some of the worst-hit areas and were significantly depopulated. This depopulation resulted in a significant loss of revenue for the
4163:
7692:
7438:
953:
visits. The greeting differs by gender, and whether the person is junior or senior to the one being greeted. The greeting rituals given by a
4029:
6184:
558:
In the latter half of the 18th century, the Santals entered the historical record in 1795 when they are recorded as "Soontars." During the
1288:
of the girl's village, who would take the girl back to her father. If she assents, the boy's family is consulted for the best day for the
3382:
7865:
1114:
in south Chota Nagpur. The term refers to descendants of a common ancestor, no more than a few generations back, that live nearby. The
829:
marriages are severely stigmatised. Another brotherhood is membership of a clan, which are exogamous. The last form of brotherhood is
7926:
4460:
2804:
1715:
3511:
3495:
3479:
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7685:
7559:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
2863:
1759:
Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate less articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy described as
4081:
3820:
6177:
5893:
736:. After the Pakistani military crushed the uprising and burned many Santal homes, many fled across the border to Malda in India.
2185:
1764:
and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals.
841:
brothers consider themselves as brothers, and they attend each other's main lifecycle events, such as weddings or funerals, as
3073:
7956:
4388:
Roy Chaudhury, Indu. Folk Tales of the Santals. 1st ed. Folk Tales of India Series, 13. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1973.
4235:
3661:
3185:
1916:
rather than Hinduism. Although there is overlap of ideology, belief, culture and practices in between Sarnasim and Hinduism.
7921:
4901:
4453:
3780:
2201:
2154:
1791:, such as Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, and Tripura. While the Santals, who migrated from Fifth Schedule areas to
2900:
7966:
7961:
7946:
7552:
4605:
2006:
1234:
The walls of traditional Santal homes are ornamented with carved designs of animals, hunting scenes, dancing scenes, and
7575:
5886:
5404:
1216:
known also as Santal puppetry, is a folk show involving wooden puppets placed in a small cage which acts as the stage.
7431:
7407:
5909:
4502:
4310:
4281:
3969:
3572:
3358:
2961:
2233:
1975:
653:
7951:
3707:
3175:
2982:
1241:
3802:
817:, often live next to each other and own adjacent pieces of land. Those in the closest form of brotherhood, called
7941:
7936:
7708:
4894:
500:
BCE). The Austroasiatic speakers spread from Southeast Asia and mixed extensively with local Indian populations.
6200:
1957:
1953:
4430:
4425:
2934:
1778:
1183:
3932:
2778:
7424:
4865:
4164:"Purnima Hembram of Santhal tribe bags pentathlon gold for India at Asian indoor meet – Adivasi Resurgence"
3140:
1399:
684:
managed to suppress the rebellion. Although the rebellion's impact was largely overshadowed by that of the
629:
from Bihar began selling goods from elsewhere, and many Santals, seeing them as exotic, were tricked into
5254:
4563:
4476:
3803:
The report of the advisory committee on the revision of the list of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
3320:
660:
tax collectors, deteriorated to the point where Santals grew discontented. In 1855, they revolted in the
559:
4440:
4302:
The Santals : anthropological-theological reflections on Santali & biblical creation traditions
3636:
4781:
4391:
Troisi, J. The Santals: A Classified and Annotated Bibliography. New Delhi: Manohar Book Service, 1976.
1652:
is eroding due to the penetration of modern medical science. The lack of a separate name for malignant
680:) who had made their lives so miserable, as well as the British authorities. Eventually, around 10,000
3908:"'A Tribal Boy Got a Big Opportunity': GC Murmu's Mother Elated over His Appointment as J&K's L-G"
811:
societies of central and eastern India. Children of the same father (sometimes grandfather), known as
4974:
3560:
2145:
1830:
1538:
4406:"Locating and digitising early Santali periodicals published between 1890 and 1975 in Eastern India"
1851:
1163:
534:
claimed in Chai there was a fort formerly occupied by a Santal raja who was forced to flee when the
5491:
2839:
2210:
2118:
1542:, 1,123 followed other unclassified religions, and 16,974 did not state any religious affiliation.
778:
697:
685:
603:
4394:———. Tribal Religion: Religious Beliefs and Practices among the Santals. New Delhi: Manohar, 2000.
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peasants. The Baniya merchants and other outsiders also began to treat Santals as outcastes in a
4860:
4718:
4228:
Making place through ritual : land, environment and region among the Santal of Central India
3825:
3480:"ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), West Bengal - 2011"
1946:
1925:
486:
478:
421:
365:
17:
3733:"Droupadi Murmu's election rekindles hope among Santals in Assam seeking Scheduled Tribe status"
3224:"Forest, Land Use, and Water: A Study of the Santal Adivasi World of Colonial Maldah, 1900-1947"
4929:
4917:
4376:
Chakrabarti, Dr. Byomkes, A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali, KP Bagchi, Calcutta, 1994
3959:
3496:"ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Jharkhand - 2011"
3415:"ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), West Bengal - 2011"
2219:
1546:
1331:
to be paid. The groom is first asked whether he wishes the marriage to continue. As a symbolic
1182:
Tamak (r.) and Tumdak (l.) - typical drums of the Santhal people, photographed in a village in
947:
in Santali) of someone is given much importance and is done in the courtyard of a house when a
3390:
2951:
1132:
live in their ancestral village, but some members may have migrated to neighbouring villages.
7880:
7533:
5763:
5671:
5233:
4870:
4706:
4579:
3423:"ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Jharkhand - 2011"
2167:
2035:
1585:(life giver), and is the "cause of all causes," making the Santal religion, in a deep sense,
1084:
671:
614:
4886:
4338:. Santal Folk Tales. Cambridge, Massachusetts: H. Aschehoug; Harvard University Press, 1925.
3512:"ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Odisha - 2011"
3287:
6707:
5826:
5224:
4595:
4420:
3464:"ST-14 A: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Bihar - 2011"
3439:"ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Tripura - 2011"
2245:
2181:
2171:
2108:
2076:
1800:
1741:
1499:
514:
3553:
Heitzman, James (1996). "Tribal Religions". In Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert L. (eds.).
3431:"ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Odisha - 2011"
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when they visit. Those related by marriage can have one of two relationships. They can be
8:
7447:
7250:
6364:
6331:
5963:
5570:
5515:
5510:
5505:
4948:
3564:
3407:"ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community (State/UT level), Bihar - 2011"
2082:
2002:
1728:
1194:
1126:, people who wear a thread on their chest in worship. In many cases, all the people of a
531:
527:
510:
373:
4379:
Culshaw, W. J. Tribal Heritage; a Study of the Santals. London: Lutterworth Press, 1949.
3609:
Living on the Edge: The Predicament of a Rural Indigenous Santal Community in Bangladesh
2933:. The superintendent, government printing, West Bengal. 1966. p. 58. Archived from
2306:, meaning clans. It seems likely that the nearby Santals of Singhbhum borrowed the word.
1803:
in Assam, and the remaining population living in other states is considered part of the
7840:
7518:
6722:
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5105:
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2752:
2206:
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2064:
2052:
1235:
1198:
744:
607:
567:
439:
1294:. The bride and groom are not bound by any obligation to marry. During this time, the
6954:
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6504:
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6402:
6249:
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4994:
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4306:
4287:
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4258:
4241:
4231:
4137:"32 newly elected under-35 MPs & what they intend to do for their constituencies"
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3111:
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2957:
2039:
1332:
1047:
874:, have special roles in life-cycle events. Women perform special welcome rituals for
681:
661:
401:
2805:"A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Tripura - 2011"
546:
7931:
7916:
7098:
6971:
6572:
6424:
6266:
5623:
5563:
5531:
4835:
4409:
4110:
3012:
2298:
2141:
2058:
1913:
1893:
1784:
1168:
1153:
733:
729:
413:
405:
258:
7677:
7018:
3250:"'Otiter Jed' or Times of Revolution: Ila Mitra, the Santals and Tebhaga Movement"
1573:(the invisible reality), the abode of a Creator. This creator is variously called
1420:
Religion among Santal people of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Tripura
929:. However, for strangers or guests with no clear kin connections, the question of
7616:
7355:
7270:
7220:
7150:
6782:
6717:
6644:
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6169:
5698:
5555:
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5442:
5422:
5302:
5289:
5267:
5263:
5093:
5088:
5043:
4984:
4492:
2266:
2150:
2098:
2094:
2070:
1792:
1788:
1220:
535:
417:
6301:
3758:
2997:
895:
432:
Santal is most likely derived from an exonym. The term refers to inhabitants of
7790:
7390:
7370:
7340:
7300:
7265:
7180:
7056:
7026:
6898:
6792:
6767:
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6712:
6702:
6697:
6624:
6480:
6305:
6158:
5983:
5589:
5579:
5540:
5324:
5275:
5258:
5249:
5245:
5197:
5174:
5150:
5117:
5112:
5010:
4791:
4668:
4626:
2753:"A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix"
2159:
2137:
1871:
748:
7200:
6667:
4445:
4344:. Santal Riddles and Witchcraft among the Santals. Oslo: A. W. Brøggers, 1940.
4245:
606:), the British provided no protection for the Santals against the preexisting
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7750:
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7646:
7641:
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7544:
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7463:
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7295:
7245:
7235:
7169:
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7036:
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6936:
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6921:
6863:
6833:
6787:
6732:
6682:
6677:
6639:
6629:
6599:
6564:
6555:
6518:
6500:
6485:
6384:
6374:
6369:
6231:
6221:
6216:
6118:
6088:
6058:
6008:
5993:
5978:
5968:
5953:
5943:
5933:
5711:
5684:
5600:
5595:
5526:
5437:
5334:
5209:
5204:
5100:
5083:
5078:
5048:
5026:
4963:
4958:
4830:
4769:
4754:
4744:
4731:
4686:
4631:
4621:
3885:
3593:
3265:
3150:
3115:
3058:
3024:
2191:
2124:
1883:
1804:
1745:
1282:. If she replies 'no', the boy's family will have to pay a small fine to the
704:
626:
563:
522:
369:
348:
340:
336:
5878:
4320:
4291:
3582:
2840:"National Population and Housing Census 2011: Social Characteristics Tables"
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7805:
7666:
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7503:
7483:
7365:
7345:
7320:
7310:
7305:
7290:
7260:
7240:
7230:
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6946:
6878:
6853:
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6757:
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6747:
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6692:
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6619:
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6394:
6341:
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6241:
6103:
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6048:
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6028:
6023:
6003:
5973:
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5811:
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5605:
5584:
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5467:
5372:
5349:
5192:
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5055:
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4636:
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4529:
4497:
4262:
2272:
2197:
2177:
2018:
1875:
1753:
1749:
1692:
1637:
1586:
1457:
1209:
1102:
The Santals have another social organisation important for rituals, called
763:
713:
638:
474:
344:
332:
324:
302:
7350:
3102:
Jha, Amar Nath (2009). "Locating the Ancient History of Santal Parganas".
1498:, where they account for a total population of 6,570,807 according to the
7895:
7845:
7835:
7760:
7719:
7661:
7458:
7395:
7385:
7375:
7360:
7335:
7280:
7255:
7205:
7190:
7046:
6996:
6986:
6976:
6966:
6960:
6950:
6941:
6931:
6868:
6858:
6843:
6838:
6820:
6797:
6737:
6687:
6614:
6604:
6560:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6452:
6439:
6429:
6419:
6413:
6408:
6398:
6389:
6379:
6346:
6336:
6326:
6291:
6281:
6271:
6261:
6255:
6245:
6236:
6226:
6153:
6148:
6133:
6123:
6113:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6053:
6013:
5998:
5958:
5938:
5928:
5923:
5801:
5368:
5240:
5187:
5033:
4842:
4823:
4818:
4806:
4801:
4739:
4726:
4663:
4534:
4370:
4300:
4030:"Draupadi Murmu, to be the first president to be born after Independence"
2215:
1994:
1909:
1796:
1599:
1575:
1511:
1483:
1447:
1328:
1246:
1172:
904:
740:
646:
641:
back, they became owners of the land and the Santals became dispossessed
599:
571:
551:
381:
288:
155:
4362:. Studies in Santal Medicine and Connected Folklore (3 volumes), 1925–40
3273:
3249:
3123:
3042:
1839:
1632:
who are feared as bringers of evil. These spirits are not placated by a
7850:
7498:
7380:
7285:
7275:
7225:
7215:
6991:
6873:
6802:
6580:
6540:
6490:
6470:
6444:
6286:
6098:
6043:
5388:
5167:
5021:
4811:
4522:
4012:"जिस BJP को दिलाई थी करिश्माई जीत, बाबूलाल मरांडी का उसी से हुआ मोहभंग"
3142:
This is Our Homeland: A Collection of Essays on the Betrayal of Adivasi
3016:
2088:
1960: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1799:, are not considered Scheduled Tribes. Instead, they are classified as
1515:
1187:
1149:
1078:
835:, a ritual friendship with members of other ethnic groups. Children of
759:
657:
591:
225:
106:
56:
7416:
4979:
1545:
In the Santal religion, the majority of reverence falls on a court of
1178:
1120:
is identified by some distinguishing feature of the ancestor, such as
7780:
7488:
7325:
7315:
6634:
6356:
6018:
5847:
5821:
5791:
5545:
5472:
5384:
5376:
5360:
5339:
5280:
5073:
4796:
4539:
4517:
4413:
3554:
2864:"ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community - Jharkhand"
2229:
1487:
1473:
770:
752:
693:
618:
562:, the drier western and southwestern parts of Bengal, especially the
443:
377:
328:
141:
4405:
4271:
1935:
307:
7591:
6318:
5679:
5660:
5312:
5297:
4549:
4512:
4082:"40 Years In CPM And Now A BJP MP, This Man Embodies Left's Demise"
4056:"Draupadi Murmu: All you need to know about India's 15th President"
3441:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
3433:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
3425:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
3417:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
3409:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
2811:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
2253:
1905:
1826:
1820:
1523:
1522:(13,014), Santal (4,771), Sumra Sandhi (2,059), Sarvdharm (1,625),
1507:
1503:
1437:
1427:
1213:
1066:
857:
782:
756:
642:
634:
622:
579:
292:
279:
3514:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
3498:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
3482:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
3466:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
2785:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
2759:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
298:
7860:
7800:
7621:
7606:
7586:
7210:
6848:
6812:
6654:
6208:
6108:
5781:
5771:
5749:
5728:
5688:
5664:
5427:
5417:
5412:
5329:
4953:
4691:
4554:
4350:. A Santal Dictionary (5 volumes), 1933–36 Oslo: J. Dybwad, 1929.
3592:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1808:
1760:
1708:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1495:
1309:
ceremony, a group of men from the bride's village, including the
1202:
1157:
1072:
1040:
587:
583:
575:
397:
207:
3043:"The Santals of Mayurbhanj — a Study on Their Original Homeland"
2828:(in Bengali). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 34.
1348:
A short time afterwards, a relative of the groom along with the
400:. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's
7875:
7830:
7755:
7745:
7735:
7631:
7601:
7528:
7493:
7014:
7006:
6883:
6825:
6128:
6038:
5988:
5948:
5806:
5675:
5317:
5214:
5179:
5162:
5157:
5120:
5005:
4774:
4759:
4616:
1889:
1737:
1633:
1491:
1145:
1034:
1020:
861:
808:
518:
482:
385:
168:
49:
1723:
1478:
The Santal are granted Scheduled Tribe status in five states:
7870:
7765:
7478:
6913:
6903:
6888:
6495:
6138:
5912:
5832:
5816:
5796:
5776:
5705:
5694:
5447:
5380:
5364:
5307:
5144:
4968:
4916:
4568:
4507:
3874:"Being Sarna: a fight to define tribal identity in Jharkhand"
3808:(Report). Department of Social Security, GOI. pp. 18–19.
1518:. Other minor religious affiliations include Bidin (27,602),
1479:
1359:
1355:
1336:
1096:
1054:
1028:
1008:
1005:
908:
865:
774:
709:
689:
409:
393:
389:
311:
243:
194:
181:
133:
118:
94:
3987:"Santhali actress Birbaha Hansda to fight West Bengal polls"
3848:"Sarna Dharam Code: Of Adivasi identity and eco-nationalism"
2194:, Indian socio-political activist, former MP from Mayurbhanj
1148:
is the principal festival of Santal community. Besides that
795:
The base of Santal society is a division between "sibling" (
613:
However, as they became more agricultural, the Santals were
5452:
2022:
1901:
1897:
1263:, or ancestor's marriage, but the most widely practiced is
630:
384:
in terms of population and are also found in the states of
4369:. Folklore of the Santal Parganas. London: D. Nutt, 1909.
4191:রাফায়েল টুডু : গোলকিপার থেকে বিসিএলের শীর্ষ গোলদাতা!
4134:
1795:, specifically to Assam as tea garden laborers during the
1089:(owl). The junior clans are Baskey or Baske (stale rice),
3779:
Sarmah, Jayanta Krishna; Hazarika, Joyjit (5 June 2015).
3383:"ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community"
886:, a relationship exemplified by the couple's parents, or
4194:[Rafael Tudu: BCL top scorer from goalkeeper!].
903:
Santal society has much less stratification and is more
4135:
Seetharaman, G.; Balasubramanyam, K. R. (25 May 2014).
637:
on their land. When the Santals were unable to pay the
4441:
Santal culture on Daricha Foundation website (Kolkata)
4255:
The dynamics of Santal traditions in a peasant society
3654:
The Dynamics of Santal Traditions in a Peasant Society
2218:, former chief minister of Jharkhand and president of
1783:
The Santhal people are constitutionally designated as
3638:
Chota nagpur : a little-known province of Empire
3616:
2927:
Census 1961, west bengal-district handbook, Midnapore
850:
Those who do not have brotherhood are referred to as
275:
2858:
2856:
1598:: the most important are associated intimately with
7707:
3677:Commons, Great Britain Parliament House of (1904).
1579:(Supreme Deity or literally The Great Mountain) or
1238:. Santal bridal palanquins are also finely carved.
6199:
3957:
3005:Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society
1691:A characteristic feature of a Santal village is a
2853:
2250:Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
1602:and are worshipped by all Santals. These include
1339:'s father gives a small amount of cash and gives
7908:
3135:
3133:
3075:Bihar and Orissa District Gazetteers: Hazaribagh
2646:
2644:
2642:
1896:to honor their gods and accept flesh, including
1646:. In the present-day, belief in these malignant
995:, who instead greet each other as if greeting a
513:. From there, they claim, they were pushed onto
4475:
4356:. Materials for a Santali Grammar I, Dumka 1922
4273:The Santals, crises of identity and integration
4225:
2996:Rau, Felix; Sidwell, Paul (12 September 2019).
2698:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2544:
2532:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2325:
7574:
4105:
4103:
3778:
3345:Winston, Robert; Wilson, Don E., eds. (2004).
3340:
3338:
2953:Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand
2823:"Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex"
674:, attacked the zamindars and other outsiders (
7693:
7560:
7432:
6185:
5908:
5894:
4902:
4461:
3781:"Politics of Scheduled Tribe Status in Assam"
3759:"Central List of OBCs for the State of Assam"
3344:
3130:
2899:. Nayang Technical University. Archived from
2639:
2301:
1908:. Thus they consider themselves believers of
1904:, practices that are generally prohibited in
1811:, the "original tribal people" of the state.
1702:
1696:
1683:
1677:
1670:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1593:
1580:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1502:. Of this population, 63.15% are reported as
1403:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1349:
1340:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1225:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1090:
1082:
1070:
1060:
1052:
1038:
1026:
1018:
1012:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
887:
881:
875:
869:
851:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
802:
796:
675:
665:
509:, which scholars have identified as Ahuri in
504:
455:
433:
3821:"Brave show of support for arrested Santhal"
3634:
3305:
3169:
3167:
2956:. Gyan Publishing House. 2010. p. 213.
2610:
1888:, in contrast to Hindu places of worship in
1358:'s village hand over the bride price to the
847:. They also give help in times of hardship.
4100:
3335:
3292:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
2887:
2140:, Santali-language actress and politician,
1988:
27:Ethnic group of India, Nepal and Bangladesh
7700:
7686:
7567:
7553:
7439:
7425:
6192:
6178:
5901:
5887:
4909:
4895:
4468:
4454:
3606:Debnath, Mrinal Kanti (28 February 2011).
3104:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3047:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2995:
2372:
2370:
205:
192:
179:
166:
153:
139:
48:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3164:
2881:
2239:
1976:Learn how and when to remove this message
1245:Santal house at 2020 Odisha Tribal fair,
656:, combined with British tax policies and
446:region in West Bengal. The Sanskrit word
54:Santals in traditional dress celebrating
6300:
3871:
3552:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3231:Vidyasagar University Journal of History
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
1772:
1722:
1714:
1398:
1240:
1193:
1177:
1162:
941:is decided by age. The ritual greeting (
894:
545:
7446:
4305:(1 ed.). Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.
4298:
3676:
3641:(2nd ed.). Smith, Elder, & Co.
3622:
3605:
3247:
3097:
3095:
3093:
2976:
2722:
2710:
2686:
2674:
2367:
376:. Santals are the largest tribe in the
14:
7909:
7017:(including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa,
5701:, Tharu, Danuwar and Dhimal) (Lowland)
4252:
3818:
3681:. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 417.
3651:
3635:Bradley-Birt, Francis Bradley (1910).
3448:
3221:
3210:
3071:
2662:
2650:
2633:
2621:
2604:
2556:
2520:
2448:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2337:
2186:Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)
892:, between cross-siblings of a couple.
481:speakers probably arrived on coast of
41:
7681:
7548:
7420:
6173:
5882:
5359:Over 25 distinct castes, major being
4890:
4449:
3656:. Abhinav Publications. p. 147.
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3367:
3206:
3204:
3173:
3040:
3036:
3034:
2888:Cavallaro, Francesco; Rahman, Tania.
2738:
751:. The impoverishment has led to the
408:. They have a sizeable population in
3090:
1958:adding citations to reliable sources
1929:
1834:
1727:People performing rituals in Jaher,
723:
454:means plain land. Their ethnonym is
81:Regions with significant populations
4269:
3984:
3961:An Advanced History of Modern India
3905:
3691:
3652:Somers, George E. (December 1985).
3101:
2436:
2388:
2376:
2361:
2349:
2007:Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
1874:, and their place of worship is in
1514:(all in West Bengal), and 5.46% as
24:
4329:
4202:from the original on 12 April 2024
4128:
3872:Lakshman, Abhinay (22 July 2022).
3812:
3696:. Mittal Publications. p. 87.
3559:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
3529:
3201:
3031:
2779:"C-16 Population By Mother Tongue"
2248:, chief scientist and director of
2029:
1814:
743:, tribal peasants participated in
25:
7978:
7408:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
4398:
3906:Das, Anand ST (1 November 2019).
3288:"Legendary Leader Jangal Santhal"
1919:
747:led by a Santal communist leader
7927:Indigenous peoples of South Asia
5863:
3985:Das, Madhuparna (2 April 2016).
3587:
2849:– via Government of Nepal.
2012:
1934:
1838:
807:), a divide found in many other
306:
297:
274:
236:
218:
126:
111:
99:
87:
7709:Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal
4218:
4182:
4156:
4074:
4048:
4022:
4004:
3978:
3951:
3925:
3899:
3865:
3840:
3819:Bisoee, Animesh (28 May 2019).
3795:
3772:
3751:
3725:
3700:
3685:
3670:
3645:
3628:
3599:
3280:
3241:
3215:
3065:
3041:Karua, Subhash Chandra (2006).
2998:"The Munda Maritime Hypothesis"
2989:
2970:
2944:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2627:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2291:
1945:needs additional citations for
1719:Jaher, the holy place of Santal
1219:Local affairs are handled by a
762:in what is often termed as the
6201:Hill tribes of Northeast India
4371:Full text at Project Gutenberg
3145:. Banglaore: Equations. 2007.
2918:
2832:
2815:
2797:
2771:
2319:
1870:The Santhal people believe in
983:distinction does not apply to
541:
13:
1:
4226:Schulte-Droesch, Lea (2018).
4198:(in Bengali). 11 April 2024.
3785:Economic and Political Weekly
3612:(Doctor of Education thesis).
3254:Economic and Political Weekly
2279:
2232:, Politician, former MP from
2131:
2046:
1779:Tea-garden community of Assam
1167:A traditional Dasai dance in
595:custom for working the land.
490:
489:about 4,000–3,500 years ago (
70:
7957:Social groups of West Bengal
3708:"ST demand by Santhal union"
3222:Sarkar, Ashim Kumar (2016).
2313:
2284:
1526:(1,121), Adi Bassi (1,100),
1140:
633:to buy them, usually with a
427:
7:
7922:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
4503:Stranded Pakistanis/Biharis
4477:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
4421:Saontal Voice in Bangladesh
4299:Hembrom, Timotheas (1996).
3958:Sailendra Nath Sen (2010).
2890:"The Santals of Bangladesh"
2202:Chief Minister of Jharkhand
2180:an Indian politician and a
2155:chief minister of Jharkhand
1767:
1592:There are several ranks of
1561:are intermediaries between
1412:
1252:
530:. Colonial scholar Colonel
10:
7983:
7967:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha
7962:Schools of Indian painting
7947:Social groups of Jharkhand
7576:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha
6298:
4436:Boro Baski: Santal worries
4253:Somers, George E. (1979).
3964:. Macmillan. p. 120.
3694:Sonthalia and the Sonthals
3177:Saraswati History of India
2731:
1923:
1824:
1818:
1776:
1471:
1135:
790:
652:Eventually, these acts of
468:
463:
7715:
7582:
7454:
7404:
7189:
7045:
7005:
6912:
6811:
6653:
6461:
6355:
6317:
6207:
5919:
5860:
5761:
5742:
5721:
5649:
5642:
5616:
5553:
5486:
5403:
5348:
5288:
5270:(standard Nepali dialect)
5232:
5223:
5064:
4993:
4939:
4928:
4853:
4717:
4677:
4604:
4483:
4365:Bompas, Cecil Henry, and
4168:www.adivasiresurgence.com
3561:Federal Research Division
2260:
2146:Government of West Bengal
2111:, Santali Poet, known as
1831:Tribal religions in India
670:. 30,000 Santals, led by
416:, the most widely spoken
323:
318:
269:
264:
257:
252:
234:
216:
203:
190:
177:
164:
151:
124:
85:
80:
69:
64:
47:
40:
4270:Sen, Suchibrata (1997).
4190:
3248:Panjabi, Kavita (2010).
2297:The term comes from the
2211:Chief Minister of Odisha
2119:Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar
1989:Administrative officials
1589:as well as pantheistic.
1536:, 331 were believers of
686:Indian Rebellion of 1857
7952:Social groups of Odisha
7109:Khawathlang, Khothalong
4115:Encyclopædia Britannica
3692:Man, Edward G. (1989).
3180:. New Saraswati House.
1926:Category:Santali people
1703:
1697:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1594:
1581:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1404:
1391:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1350:
1341:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1226:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1091:
1083:
1071:
1061:
1053:
1039:
1027:
1019:
1013:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
959:involve an "offering" (
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
888:
882:
876:
870:
852:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
803:
797:
676:
666:
538:invaded the territory.
505:
479:Austro-Asiatic language
456:
74: 7.5 million
7942:Social groups of Bihar
7937:Ethnic groups in Nepal
6311:
4918:Ethnic groups in Nepal
3852:www.downtoearth.org.in
3556:India: a country study
3319:. 2015. Archived from
2977:Sidwell, Paul (2018).
2302:
2240:Science and technology
2222:. He is also known as
2220:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
2101:. He is also known as
1732:
1720:
1409:
1249:
1206:
1191:
1175:
1004:The Santals also have
965:) of respect, while a
900:
664:, better known as the
555:
473:According to linguist
434:
422:Austroasiatic language
6951:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
6399:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
6304:
5670:Hill people (Eastern
5379:, Khadgi, Manandhar,
5373:Rajopadhyaya Brahmins
4564:Bishnupriya Manipuris
4257:. Schenkman Pub. Co.
3174:Malik, Malti (2016).
2256:, West-Bengal, India.
2168:governor of Jharkhand
2085:, writer from Purulia
2036:Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu
1773:Schedule Tribe status
1726:
1718:
1472:Further information:
1402:
1244:
1197:
1181:
1166:
898:
672:Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu
598:When they arrived in
560:Bengal Famine of 1770
549:
319:Related ethnic groups
7099:Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
6977:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
6738:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
6430:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
6272:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
5601:Jangad/Dhangad/Uraun
4596:Urdu-speaking people
3933:"Baul international"
3567:. pp. 168–169.
2940:on 2 September 2021.
2699:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2593:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2581:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2569:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2545:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2533:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2509:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2497:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2485:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2473:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2461:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2326:Schulte-Droesch 2018
2246:Naresh Chandra Murmu
2182:Member of Parliament
2172:Government of Odisha
2109:Sadhu Ramchand Murmu
2077:Arjun Charan Hembram
1954:improve this article
1892:. They also perform
1801:Other Backward Class
1793:Sixth Schedule areas
1789:Fifth Schedule areas
1567:(visible world) and
1500:2011 Census of India
515:Chota Nagpur Plateau
460:("child of human").
412:. The Santals speak
372:ethnic group of the
7448:Tribes of Jharkhand
5910:Scheduled tribes of
5546:Kushbadiya (Guhari)
5473:Kushbadiya (Guhari)
4276:. Ratna Prakashan.
4170:. 20 September 2017
3565:Library of Congress
3393:on 14 November 2019
3072:Lister, E. (1917).
2170:, former minister,
2083:Sarada Prasad Kisku
2003:Lieutenant governor
1729:Mayurbhanj district
1466: Other (1.12%)
1408:musical instruments
511:Hazaribagh district
374:Indian subcontinent
37:
6972:Man (Tai speaking)
6425:Man (Tai speaking)
6312:
6267:Man (Tai speaking)
5106:Lama clan (Tamang)
4142:The Economic Times
3991:The Economic Times
3939:. 18 November 2007
3351:Dorling Kindersley
2906:on 9 November 2016
2809:censusindia.gov.in
2783:censusindia.gov.in
2757:censusindia.gov.in
2583:, pp. 110–111
2207:Mohan Charan Majhi
2164:president of India
2065:Shyam Sundar Besra
2053:Turia Chand Baskey
1850:. You can help by
1805:general population
1733:
1721:
1410:
1389:Marriages done by
1303:On the day of the
1250:
1236:geometric patterns
1207:
1199:Lungi Panchi Dance
1192:
1176:
901:
773:was carved out of
745:Naxalbari uprising
568:East India Company
556:
347: •
343: •
339: •
335: •
331: •
327: •
241:
116:
109: •
97: •
35:
7904:
7903:
7675:
7674:
7542:
7541:
7414:
7413:
6947:Khasi and Jaintia
6463:Arunachal Pradesh
6395:Khasi and Jaintia
6242:Khasi and Jaintia
6167:
6166:
5876:
5875:
5856:
5855:
5733:Madheshi Janajati
5659:Mountain people (
5596:Khadiya/Bankariya
5573:
5527:Khadiya/Bankariya
5494:
5463:
5462:
5129:
5128:
4933:(Trans-Himalayan)
4884:
4883:
4237:978-3-11-053973-8
4196:OffsideBangladesh
3663:978-0-8364-1516-2
3187:978-81-7335-498-4
2487:, pp. 99–100
2275:, football player
2040:Santhal rebellion
1999:14th CAG of India
1986:
1985:
1978:
1894:animal sacrifices
1868:
1867:
1744:Plateau like the
1605:Marang Buru bonga
1333:marriage contract
1184:Dinajpur district
1048:Ischaemum rugosum
724:Post-independence
690:Republic of India
402:Rajshahi Division
354:
353:
16:(Redirected from
7974:
7702:
7695:
7688:
7679:
7678:
7569:
7562:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7441:
7434:
7427:
7418:
7417:
6927:Dimasa (Kachari)
6698:Koirao (Thangal)
6556:Singpho (Jingpo)
6375:Dimasa (Kachari)
6222:Dimasa (Kachari)
6194:
6187:
6180:
6171:
6170:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5880:
5879:
5870:Nepal portal
5868:
5867:
5866:
5647:
5646:
5594:Dudh and Dhelki
5568:
5489:
5230:
5229:
5056:Limbu (Yakthung)
4980:Central Tibetans
4949:Darchula Bhotiya
4937:
4936:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4888:
4887:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4447:
4446:
4426:Santal Rebellion
4417:
4414:10.15130/EAP1300
4324:
4295:
4266:
4249:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:Sessional Papers
3674:
3668:
3667:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3550:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3457:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3376:
3365:
3364:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3002:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2981:. Archived from
2974:
2968:
2967:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2894:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2307:
2305:
2295:
2067:, Santali writer
2061:, Santali writer
2059:Damayanti Beshra
2055:, Santali writer
1981:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1938:
1930:
1863:
1860:
1842:
1835:
1785:Scheduled Tribes
1706:
1700:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1597:
1584:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1407:
1394:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1353:
1344:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1229:
1169:Purulia district
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1094:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1058:
1044:
1032:
1024:
1016:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
891:
885:
879:
873:
855:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
806:
800:
734:Tebhaga movement
730:Scheduled Tribes
679:
669:
662:Santal rebellion
625:from Bengal and
508:
499:
495:
492:
459:
437:
406:Rangpur Division
310:
301:
287:Folk religions (
278:
242:
240:
239:
224:
222:
221:
206:
193:
180:
167:
154:
140:
132:
130:
129:
117:
115:
114:
105:
103:
102:
93:
91:
90:
75:
72:
65:Total population
52:
38:
34:
21:
7982:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7711:
7706:
7676:
7671:
7578:
7573:
7543:
7538:
7450:
7445:
7415:
7410:
7400:
7193:
7185:
7049:
7041:
7001:
6953:, War, Bhoi or
6908:
6807:
6649:
6457:
6401:, War, Bhoi or
6351:
6313:
6307:
6296:
6248:, War, Bhoi or
6246:Synteng or Pnar
6203:
6198:
6168:
6163:
5915:
5907:
5877:
5872:
5864:
5862:
5852:
5757:
5738:
5717:
5704:Western Nepal (
5638:
5612:
5567:
5554:Other peoples (
5549:
5492:distinct origin
5488:
5482:
5459:
5405:Indian Madheshi
5399:
5344:
5303:Maithil Brahmin
5284:
5219:
5125:
5060:
4989:
4975:Central Tibetic
4932:
4924:
4922:language family
4915:
4885:
4880:
4849:
4713:
4673:
4600:
4479:
4474:
4404:
4401:
4332:
4330:Further reading
4327:
4313:
4284:
4238:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4145:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4018:. 1 April 2019.
4010:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3817:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3777:
3773:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3690:
3686:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3650:
3646:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3604:
3600:
3588:
3575:
3551:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3361:
3353:. p. 440.
3343:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3246:
3242:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3172:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3100:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3039:
3032:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2985:on 22 May 2018.
2975:
2971:
2964:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2267:Purnima Hembram
2263:
2242:
2151:Babulal Marandi
2142:Forest Minister
2134:
2099:Ol Chiki script
2095:Raghunath Murmu
2071:Rupchand Hansda
2049:
2032:
2030:Freedom Fighter
2015:
1991:
1982:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1951:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1848:needs expansion
1833:
1823:
1817:
1815:Religion status
1781:
1775:
1770:
1611:Jaher Era bonga
1539:Tribal religion
1476:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1255:
1221:village council
1143:
1138:
801:) and "guest" (
793:
779:Santal Parganas
726:
698:Santal Parganas
544:
536:Delhi Sultanate
497:
493:
471:
466:
430:
418:Munda languages
305:
296:
286:
282:
273:
237:
235:
219:
217:
204:
191:
178:
165:
152:
146:
138:
137:
127:
125:
112:
110:
100:
98:
88:
86:
73:
60:
43:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7980:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7881:Sauria Paharia
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7722:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7705:
7704:
7697:
7690:
7682:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7572:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7549:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7534:Sauria Paharia
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7444:
7443:
7436:
7429:
7421:
7412:
7411:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7197:
7195:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7086:Haokip, Haupit
7084:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7053:
7051:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7011:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6997:Synteng (Pnar)
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6958:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6918:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6630:Mishing (Miri)
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6577:
6576:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6526:
6508:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6486:Dafla (Nyishi)
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6453:Synteng (Pnar)
6450:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6406:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6292:Synteng (Pnar)
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5874:
5873:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5709:
5702:
5692:
5687:(East, mostly
5682:
5668:
5656:
5654:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5598:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5543:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5443:other Madheshi
5440:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5425:
5415:
5413:Indian Maithil
5409:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5363:, Chathariya,
5354:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5294:
5292:
5286:
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5278:
5273:
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5271:
5261:
5252:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
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5182:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5155:
5154:
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5148:
5142:
5139:
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5124:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5008:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4934:
4926:
4925:
4914:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4707:Sauria Paharia
4704:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4627:Jalia Kaibarta
4624:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4606:Austro-Asiatic
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4561:
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4559:
4558:
4557:
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4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4400:
4399:External links
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4311:
4296:
4282:
4267:
4250:
4236:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4181:
4155:
4127:
4099:
4086:HuffPost India
4073:
4062:. 22 July 2022
4047:
4036:. 21 July 2022
4021:
4016:aajtak.intoday
4003:
3977:
3970:
3950:
3924:
3898:
3864:
3839:
3811:
3794:
3771:
3750:
3739:. 21 July 2022
3724:
3699:
3684:
3669:
3662:
3644:
3627:
3615:
3598:
3573:
3528:
3525:
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3508:
3492:
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3459:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3378:
3366:
3359:
3334:
3313:"Chadar Badar"
3304:
3279:
3240:
3214:
3200:
3186:
3163:
3129:
3089:
3064:
3030:
2988:
2969:
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2814:
2796:
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2715:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2638:
2626:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2463:, pp. 6–7
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2317:
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2289:
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2270:
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2259:
2258:
2257:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2188:, West Bengal.
2175:
2160:Droupadi Murmu
2157:
2148:
2138:Birbaha Hansda
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2106:
2097:, Inventor of
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1921:
1920:Notable people
1918:
1914:Sarna religion
1872:nature worship
1866:
1865:
1845:
1843:
1819:Main article:
1816:
1813:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1695:(known as the
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1377:pera hor handi
1260:hapramko bapla
1254:
1251:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1059:(kingfisher),
917:("senior") or
907:than adjacent
792:
789:
749:Jangal Santhal
725:
722:
682:British troops
604:Santal Pargana
574:. Santal from
543:
540:
470:
467:
465:
462:
429:
426:
352:
351:
321:
320:
316:
315:
267:
266:
262:
261:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
232:
231:
230:129,049 (2021)
228:
214:
213:
210:
201:
200:
197:
188:
187:
184:
175:
174:
171:
162:
161:
158:
149:
148:
144:
122:
121:
83:
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
45:
44:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7979:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
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7912:
7897:
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7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
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7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
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7752:
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7703:
7698:
7696:
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7684:
7683:
7680:
7668:
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7663:
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7648:
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7643:
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7635:
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7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
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7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
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7570:
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7457:
7456:
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7449:
7442:
7437:
7435:
7430:
7428:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7409:
7403:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
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7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
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7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
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7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6982:Mikir (Karbi)
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6967:Lakher (Mara)
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
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6919:
6917:
6915:
6911:
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6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:Lushai (Mizo)
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:Suhte (Paite)
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
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6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6620:Mikir (Karbi)
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6496:Khowa (Bugun)
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6435:Mikir (Karbi)
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Lakher (Mara)
6418:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6342:Mikir (Karbi)
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6303:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:Mikir (Karbi)
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6195:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5904:
5899:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5871:
5859:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5760:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5713:
5712:Nepali Muslim
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Western Majhi
5509:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Eastern Majhi
5323:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Lepcha (Rong)
5208:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4719:Tibeto-Burman
4716:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4367:Bodding, P. O
4364:
4361:
4360:Bodding, P. O
4358:
4355:
4354:Bodding, P. O
4352:
4349:
4348:Bodding, P. O
4346:
4343:
4342:Bodding, P. O
4340:
4337:
4336:Bodding, P. O
4334:
4333:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4312:81-86791-00-0
4308:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4283:81-85709-51-3
4279:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4131:
4116:
4112:
4111:"Shibu Soren"
4106:
4104:
4088:. 4 June 2019
4087:
4083:
4077:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4035:
4034:The Statesman
4031:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3971:9780230328853
3967:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3938:
3937:The Telegraph
3934:
3928:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3828:
3827:
3826:The Telegraph
3822:
3815:
3804:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3738:
3737:Deccan Herald
3734:
3728:
3713:
3712:The Telegraph
3709:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3594:public domain
3584:
3580:
3576:
3574:0-8444-0833-6
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3513:
3509:
3497:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3392:
3388:
3387:census.gov.in
3384:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3360:0-7566-0520-2
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3323:on 6 May 2011
3322:
3318:
3317:The Telegraph
3314:
3308:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:(33): 53–59.
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2963:9788178351216
2959:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2936:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2869:
2868:census.gov.in
2865:
2859:
2857:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2701:, p. 187
2700:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2595:, p. 117
2594:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2571:, p. 109
2570:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2547:, p. 104
2546:
2541:
2535:, p. 103
2534:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2511:, p. 102
2510:
2505:
2499:, p. 100
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:Salkhan Murmu
2190:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2126:
2125:Kherwal Soren
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:Entertainment
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1943:This section
1941:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:sacred groves
1873:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1846:This section
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1421:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1368:reserved for
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:, West Bengal
1204:
1201:of Santal in
1200:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
910:
906:
897:
893:
890:
884:
878:
872:
867:
863:
859:
854:
848:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
810:
805:
799:
788:
786:
785:
780:
777:in 2000, the
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
721:
717:
715:
711:
706:
705:British Crown
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
602:(present day
601:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:Jungle Mahals
561:
553:
552:British India
548:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
501:
488:
484:
480:
476:
461:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:in erstwhile
436:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Austroasiatic
363:
359:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
294:
290:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
263:
260:
256:
251:
247:
245:
233:
229:
227:
215:
211:
209:
202:
198:
196:
189:
185:
183:
176:
172:
170:
163:
159:
157:
150:
145:
143:
135:
123:
120:
108:
96:
84:
79:
68:
63:
59:
58:
51:
46:
39:
30:
19:
7841:Mal Pahariya
7656:
7251:Khiamniungan
6893:
6365:Bodo-Kachari
6332:Bodo-Kachari
6244:(inc. Khasi
6143:
5964:Bodo-Kachari
5831:Unspecified
5787:Rajopadhyaya
5396:Newar Muslim
5141:Newar Muslim
5040:Eastern Rai
5018:Central Rai
5002:Western Rai
4930:Sino-Tibetan
4687:Kurukh/Oraon
4664:Pnar/Jaintia
4545:Shershabadia
4431:Santal Dance
4301:
4272:
4254:
4227:
4219:Bibliography
4204:. Retrieved
4195:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4167:
4158:
4146:. Retrieved
4140:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4114:
4090:. Retrieved
4085:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4059:
4050:
4038:. Retrieved
4033:
4024:
4015:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3990:
3980:
3960:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3936:
3927:
3915:. Retrieved
3911:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3877:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3851:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3824:
3814:
3797:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3765:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3736:
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3711:
3702:
3693:
3687:
3678:
3672:
3653:
3647:
3637:
3630:
3623:Hembrom 1996
3618:
3608:
3601:
3555:
3516:. Retrieved
3500:. Retrieved
3484:. Retrieved
3468:. Retrieved
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3386:
3346:
3325:. Retrieved
3321:the original
3316:
3307:
3295:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3217:
3191:. Retrieved
3176:
3154:. Retrieved
3141:
3107:
3103:
3080:. Retrieved
3078:. p. 54
3074:
3067:
3050:
3046:
3011:(2): 35–57.
3008:
3004:
2991:
2983:the original
2972:
2952:
2946:
2935:the original
2926:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2901:the original
2896:
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:
2847:Nepal Census
2846:
2834:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2787:. Retrieved
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2756:
2725:, p. 42
2723:Hembrom 1996
2718:
2713:, p. 41
2711:Hembrom 1996
2706:
2694:
2689:, p. 38
2687:Hembrom 1996
2682:
2677:, p. 36
2675:Hembrom 1996
2670:
2665:, p. 26
2658:
2653:, p. 25
2636:, p. 28
2629:
2624:, p. 29
2607:, p. 23
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2559:, p. 58
2552:
2540:
2528:
2523:, p. 59
2516:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2475:, p. 99
2468:
2456:
2451:, p. 53
2444:
2439:, p. 21
2432:
2427:, p. 46
2420:
2415:, p. 31
2408:
2403:, p. 43
2396:
2391:, p. 20
2384:
2379:, p. 19
2364:, p. 15
2357:
2352:, p. 14
2345:
2333:
2321:
2293:
2273:Rafayel Tudu
2223:
2198:Hemant Soren
2178:Khagen Murmu
2112:
2102:
2038:, leader of
2019:Rathin Kisku
1972:
1963:
1952:Please help
1947:verification
1944:
1884:
1879:
1869:
1856:
1852:adding to it
1847:
1782:
1758:
1742:Chota Nagpur
1734:
1693:sacred grove
1690:
1685:Pilchu Budhi
1679:Pilchu Haram
1667:
1638:medicine-man
1591:
1587:monotheistic
1574:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1477:
1458:Christianity
1419:
1405:Dhodro banam
1388:
1347:
1302:
1256:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1212:, a form of
1210:Chadar Badar
1208:
1144:
1101:
1046:
1003:
962:dobok' johar
902:
899:Santal women
849:
826:mit orak hor
820:mit orak hor
794:
784:sarna dharam
783:
768:
764:Red Corridor
739:In northern
738:
727:
718:
714:North Bengal
702:
654:exploitation
651:
639:moneylenders
612:
608:Mal Paharias
597:
557:
550:Santhals in
502:
475:Paul Sidwell
472:
451:
447:
431:
361:
357:
355:
303:Christianity
293:Sarna Dharam
283:
270:
55:
32:Ethnic group
29:
7761:Chik Baraik
7519:Mal Paharia
7191:Naga tribes
7047:Kuki tribes
7029:, Tromopa,
6987:Naga tribes
6963:(see below)
6961:Kuki Tribes
6879:Munda, Kaur
6561:Tai peoples
6529:Naga tribes
6505:Miju Mishmi
6476:Aka (Hruso)
6471:Abor (Galo)
6440:Naga tribes
6416:(see below)
6414:Kuki Tribes
6282:Naga tribes
6258:(see below)
6256:Kuki Tribes
5817:Damai/Dholi
5802:Vajracharya
5754:Simantakrit
5643:Other basis
5571:Indus-Ganga
5541:Oraon Sadri
5369:Vajracharya
5184:Raji–Raute
4702:Mal Paharia
4485:Indo-Aryans
3917:19 February
3766:ncbc.nic.in
3297:10 November
3211:Somers 1979
3110:: 185–196.
3053:: 592–599.
3017:10524/52454
2910:17 November
2763:18 November
2663:Somers 1979
2651:Somers 1979
2634:Somers 1979
2622:Somers 1979
2605:Somers 1979
2557:Somers 1979
2521:Somers 1979
2449:Somers 1979
2425:Somers 1979
2413:Somers 1979
2401:Somers 1979
2340:, p. 5
2338:Somers 1979
2328:, p. 3
2216:Shibu Soren
1995:G. C. Murmu
1924:Main page:
1859:August 2022
1797:British Raj
1707:, a raised
1672:Malan Budhi
1600:Marang Buru
1576:Marang Buru
1512:Sari Dharam
1510:, 7.28% as
1484:West Bengal
1448:Sari Dharam
1329:bride price
1247:Bhubaneswar
1223:, led by a
1173:West Bengal
1011:, known as
909:caste Hindu
905:egalitarian
741:West Bengal
647:Brahminical
600:Damin-i-koh
572:Damin-i-koh
542:British Era
498: 1500
494: 2000
450:or Bengali
382:West Bengal
289:Sari Dharam
156:West Bengal
7911:Categories
7221:Chakhesang
7194:including:
7050:including:
6992:Pawi (Lai)
6551:Sherdukpen
6449:Raba, Rava
6445:Pawi (Lai)
6287:Pawi (Lai)
5617:Immigrants
5487:Indo-Aryan
5225:Indo-Aryan
5022:Khambu Rai
4787:Tanchangya
4588:Rajbongshi
4523:Mahifarash
4246:1054397811
4120:3 February
3791:(14): 7–8.
3518:25 October
3502:25 October
3486:25 October
3470:25 October
3397:3 November
3082:29 January
2897:ntu.edu.sg
2873:3 November
2789:3 November
2280:References
2132:Politician
2089:Joba Murmu
2047:Literature
2001:and first
1966:March 2022
1825:See also:
1777:See also:
1704:Majhi Than
1582:Thakur Jiu
1383:Majhi Than
1188:Bangladesh
1079:betel palm
1006:totemistic
760:insurgency
703:After the
667:Santal Hul
592:Hazaribagh
528:Hazaribagh
517:, then to
496: – c.
444:Medinapore
368:-speaking
226:Bangladesh
107:Bangladesh
57:Baha parab
42:ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ
7406:See also
7391:Yimkhiung
7174:Thangngeu
7126:Lengthang
7106:Khawchung
6357:Meghalaya
6306:Yimkhiung
5848:Gandarbha
5822:Rajdhoves
5792:Shresthas
5708:dominant)
5652:geography
5532:Rajbanshi
5385:Ranjitkar
5377:Chitrakar
5361:Shresthas
5281:Kashmiris
5168:Kham/Pang
5074:Chhantyal
4973:Nepalese
4861:Armenians
4836:Hrangkhol
4679:Dravidian
4540:Rohingyas
4518:Dhakaiyas
4092:20 August
3996:8 January
3891:25 August
3886:0971-751X
3878:The Hindu
3857:25 August
3743:25 August
3717:25 August
3266:0012-9976
3193:26 August
3156:26 August
3151:180852396
3116:2249-1937
3059:2249-1937
3025:1836-6821
2314:Citations
2285:Footnotes
2269:, Athlete
2230:Uma Saren
2224:Disomguru
2166:, former
1878:known as
1636:but by a
1617:Gosae Era
1570:hana puri
1516:Christian
1506:, 23% as
1488:Jharkhand
1474:Jaherthan
1351:jog majhi
1312:jog majhi
1297:jog majhi
1285:jog majhi
1272:jog majhi
1141:Festivals
1025:(goose),
814:nij boeha
771:Jharkhand
755:inspired
753:Guevarist
694:Jharkhand
619:zamindars
615:exploited
487:Indochina
457:Hor Hopon
428:Etymology
378:Jharkhand
364:) are an
253:Languages
160:2,512,331
147:2,754,723
142:Jharkhand
7866:Parhaiya
7732:(Bediya)
7725:Adhikari
7617:Dangaria
7592:Bhottada
7356:Tangkhul
7271:Liangmai
7095:Hongsung
7070:Gamalhou
7064:Chongloi
7061:Changsan
6955:Lyngngam
6783:Tangkhul
6718:Liangmai
6645:Zekhring
6569:Khamyang
6403:Lyngngam
6319:Nagaland
6250:Lyngngam
5729:Janajati
5699:Madheshi
5680:Buddhist
5661:Buddhist
5629:Filipino
5423:Bhojpuri
5383:, Pode,
5313:Kayastha
5290:Madheshi
5276:Kumaunis
5268:speakers
5264:Gorkhali
5259:speakers
5250:speakers
5133:Newaric
5066:Tamangic
5044:Lohorung
4692:Mushahar
4592:Ranjoarh
4550:Sylhetis
4513:Bengalis
4493:Assamese
4408:. 2021.
4321:35742627
4292:40418077
4206:12 April
4200:Archived
4174:7 August
4148:14 March
4060:TimesNow
3943:26 March
3583:34598209
3327:22 March
3274:25741971
3237:: 29–40.
3124:44147668
2437:Sen 1997
2389:Sen 1997
2377:Sen 1997
2362:Sen 1997
2350:Sen 1997
2254:Durgapur
2234:Jhargram
2153:, first
2127:, writer
2121:, writer
2113:Kabiguru
2091:, writer
2079:, writer
2073:, writer
1906:Hinduism
1827:Hinduism
1821:Sarnaism
1787:only in
1768:Politics
1731:, Odisha
1620:. Other
1564:noa puri
1524:Buddhist
1430:(63.15%)
1428:Hinduism
1413:Religion
1392:kesimek'
1306:kesimek'
1291:kesimek'
1279:kesimek'
1266:kesimek'
1253:Marriage
1214:puppetry
1067:Pleiades
858:Karmakar
757:Naxalite
649:system.
643:landless
635:mortgage
623:Mahajans
580:Dhalbhum
424:family.
314:, Others
284:Minority
280:Hinduism
271:Majority
265:Religion
7932:Adivasi
7917:Santhal
7861:Nagesia
7801:Kharwar
7796:Karmali
7791:Kagatay
7607:Bhunjia
7587:Bathudi
7371:Thangal
7346:Sangtam
7341:Rongmei
7321:Pochury
7301:Monsang
7266:Lamkang
7261:Lainong
7181:Vaiphei
7161:Sitlhou
7158:Singson
7151:Sairhem
7141:Mangjel
7138:Lupheng
7135:Lhouvun
7132:Lhoujem
7129:Lhangum
7117:Kholhou
7083:Hanneng
7067:Doungel
7027:Tibetan
7019:Kagatey
6949:(inc.
6899:Tripuri
6849:Jamatia
6830:Chaimal
6813:Tripura
6793:Vaiphei
6768:Rongmei
6743:Monsang
6713:Lamkang
6703:Koireng
6655:Manipur
6625:Minyong
6565:Khampti
6519:Lishipa
6481:Apatani
6397:(inc.
6209:Mizoram
6159:Tripuri
6109:Mudugar
6089:Mishing
5984:Chenchu
5782:Thakuri
5772:Kshetri
5750:Adivasi
5714:(South)
5689:Mundhum
5672:Paharis
5665:Animism
5634:Russian
5580:Kusunda
5428:Bajjika
5298:Maithil
5255:Palpali
5175:Chepang
5145:Thangmi
5113:Thakali
5089:Manange
5034:Bantawa
5011:Sunuwar
4995:Kiranti
4954:Bhotiya
4941:Tibetic
4871:Indians
4866:Chinese
4792:Tripuri
4782:Rakhine
4669:Santals
4580:Nepalis
4555:Mahimal
4263:5668202
4066:22 July
4040:22 July
2732:Sources
2299:Bengali
2162:, 15th
2025:singer.
1890:temples
1809:natives
1761:animism
1740:on the
1640:called
1547:spirits
1533:Atheist
1496:Tripura
1460:(5.45%)
1450:(7.28%)
1354:of the
1203:Birbhum
1158:Dashain
1136:Culture
1073:Hembram
1041:Marandi
791:Society
658:corrupt
627:Baniyas
617:by the
588:Manbhum
584:Birbhum
576:Cuttack
469:Origins
464:History
414:Santali
398:Tripura
362:Santhal
349:Bhumijs
341:Savaras
337:Kharias
259:Santali
208:Tripura
199:213,139
186:406,076
173:894,764
18:Santals
7891:Tamang
7876:Santal
7831:Mahali
7821:Lepcha
7816:Kurukh
7786:Hyolmo
7776:Hajang
7771:Gorait
7756:Birjia
7751:Birhor
7746:Bhutia
7741:Bhumij
7736:Bhuiya
7667:Shabar
7657:Santal
7647:Kurukh
7632:Kandha
7622:Gadaba
7602:Bhuiya
7597:Bhumij
7529:Santal
7509:Kurukh
7494:Kodaku
7474:Birhor
7469:Bhumij
7386:Wancho
7376:Tikhir
7361:Tangsa
7336:Rengma
7331:Poumai
7296:Maring
7281:Makury
7256:Konyak
7246:Kharam
7236:Chothe
7206:Angami
7155:Selnam
7120:Kipgen
7113:Khelma
7103:Jongbe
7092:Hengna
7089:Haolai
7074:Gangte
7037:Lepcha
7023:Sherpa
7015:Bhutia
7007:Sikkim
6937:Hajong
6922:Chakma
6894:Santal
6884:Noatia
6864:Lepcha
6854:Khasia
6834:Chakma
6826:Bhutia
6788:Thadou
6733:Maring
6683:Gangte
6678:Chothe
6640:Puroik
6600:Khamba
6583:(inc.
6563:(inc.
6545:Wancho
6537:Tangsa
6531:(inc.
6515:Chugpa
6513:(inc.
6503:(inc.
6501:Mishmi
6491:Galong
6385:Hajong
6370:Chakma
6232:Hajong
6217:Chakma
6144:Santal
6129:Rabari
6059:Lepcha
6039:Khonds
6024:Irulas
6009:Hajong
5994:Dimasa
5989:Dhanka
5979:Chakma
5954:Birhor
5949:Bhutia
5944:Bhumij
5934:Bharia
5846:Gaine/
5837:Kalwar
5807:Pulami
5722:By law
5685:Kirati
5676:Newars
5624:Korean
5500:Danuar
5438:Awadhi
5418:Bihari
5391:, etc.
5350:Newars
5318:Dhanuk
5234:Pahari
5215:Dhimal
5180:Bhujel
5101:Tamang
5079:Gurung
5049:Yakkha
5027:Kulung
5006:Bahing
4985:Kachee
4964:Hyolmo
4959:Sherpa
4876:Jummas
4854:Others
4831:Pankho
4775:Pangal
4770:Meitei
4760:Laleng
4755:Khyang
4745:Hajong
4732:Chakma
4632:Kharia
4622:Bhumij
4319:
4309:
4290:
4280:
4261:
4244:
4234:
3968:
3912:News18
3884:
3832:31 May
3660:
3581:
3571:
3357:
3272:
3264:
3184:
3149:
3122:
3114:
3057:
3023:
2960:
2303:goshti
2261:Sports
2103:Olguru
1752:, and
1746:Kharia
1738:tribes
1655:bongas
1649:bongas
1634:priest
1629:bongas
1623:bongas
1595:bongas
1520:Muslim
1494:, and
1492:Odisha
1464:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1335:, the
1318:marang
1227:manjhi
1146:Sohrai
1117:khunti
1105:khunti
1097:falcon
1081:) and
1035:Nilgai
1021:Hansda
998:marang
980:marang
968:marang
932:marang
926:marang
914:marang
889:sangat
862:Mahali
809:tribal
769:After
677:dikkus
554:, 1868
532:Dalton
523:Patkum
519:Jhalda
506:Hihiri
483:Odisha
448:Samant
386:Odisha
358:Santal
345:Korkus
333:Juangs
325:Mundas
248:51,735
223:
169:Odisha
131:
104:
92:
76:(2011)
36:Santal
7886:Sabar
7871:Rabha
7856:Munda
7836:Mahli
7826:Lodha
7811:Korwa
7766:Dukpa
7730:Badia
7662:Saura
7652:Munda
7637:Kisan
7612:Bonda
7524:Munda
7514:Mahli
7504:Korwa
7479:Chero
7464:Baiga
7381:Tutsa
7366:Tarao
7316:Para
7311:Nocte
7306:Moyon
7291:Maram
7276:Lotha
7241:Inpui
7231:Chiru
7226:Chirr
7216:Chang
7177:Uibuh
7170:Thado
7165:Sukte
7147:Riang
7144:Misao
7079:Guite
7057:Biate
7031:Yolmo
6914:Assam
6904:Uchoi
6889:Riang
6844:Halam
6839:Garoo
6773:Simte
6763:Ralte
6758:Purum
6753:Paite
6748:Moyon
6728:Maram
6693:Inpui
6673:Chiru
6663:Aimol
6610:Memba
6595:Deori
6589:Padam
6573:Phake
6541:Tutsa
6533:Nocte
6523:Takpa
6511:Momba
6310:woman
6139:Reang
6134:Rabha
6119:Oraon
6104:Munda
6074:Mahli
6069:Lodha
6064:Limbu
6049:Korwa
6034:Khasi
6029:Karbi
6004:Gondi
5974:Bonda
5969:Boksa
5929:Baiga
5913:India
5840:Dhobi
5833:Dalit
5827:Sarki
5797:Jyapu
5777:Bahun
5764:caste
5706:Hindu
5695:Terai
5606:Kisan
5590:Satar
5585:Munda
5537:Kisan
5525:Hill
5521:Tharu
5516:Darai
5490:of a
5478:Miyan
5468:Kumal
5381:Dhobi
5365:Jyapu
5335:Malla
5330:Bajji
5308:Yadav
5246:Jumli
5198:Rawat
5193:Raute
5158:Magar
5151:Baram
5137:Newar
5121:Magar
5118:Kaike
5094:Ghale
5013:Koich
4969:Jirel
4824:Halam
4765:Marma
4750:Khumi
4697:Malto
4657:Sabar
4647:Munda
4642:Mahle
4637:Khasi
4617:Bauri
4584:Polia
4569:Bonaz
4530:Kahar
4508:Beens
4498:Barua
3806:(PDF)
3762:(PDF)
3347:Human
3270:JSTOR
3227:(PDF)
3120:JSTOR
3001:(PDF)
2938:(PDF)
2931:(PDF)
2904:(PDF)
2893:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2826:(PDF)
2184:from
1885:Sarna
1880:Jaher
1754:Oraon
1750:Munda
1709:mound
1698:Jaher
1661:bonga
1558:bonga
1552:bonga
1508:Sarna
1504:Hindu
1480:Bihar
1440:(23%)
1438:Sarna
1365:handi
1360:bride
1356:groom
1342:handi
1337:groom
1324:hudin
1154:Karam
1129:gusti
1123:poeta
1111:gusti
1108:, or
1092:Besra
1062:Soren
1055:Kisku
1029:Murmu
1009:clans
974:hudin
956:hudin
938:hudin
920:hudin
866:Lohar
798:boeha
775:Bihar
710:Assam
485:from
452:Saont
440:Silda
435:Saont
410:Nepal
394:Assam
390:Bihar
370:Munda
312:Islam
244:Nepal
212:2,913
195:Assam
182:Bihar
134:India
119:Nepal
95:India
7896:Toto
7846:Mech
7806:Kora
7720:Asur
7642:Koya
7627:Gond
7484:Gond
7459:Asur
7396:Zeme
7351:Sumi
7326:Phom
7201:Anāl
7123:Kuki
6942:Hmar
6932:Garo
6859:Kuki
6821:Bhil
6798:Zeme
6688:Hmar
6668:Anal
6615:Miji
6605:Lisu
6585:Bori
6409:Koch
6390:Hmar
6380:Garo
6347:Naga
6337:Kuki
6327:Garo
6308:Naga
6262:Mara
6237:Hmar
6227:Garo
6154:Toda
6149:Sora
6124:Pnar
6114:Naga
6094:Mizo
6084:Mech
6079:Mara
6054:Kuki
6014:Hmar
5999:Garo
5959:Bodo
5939:Bhil
5924:Asur
5843:Mali
5812:Kami
5743:Misc
5674:and
5506:Bote
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