3823:
Communist Party of which he was a member of due to their unwillingness to commit to armed warfare. This began
Fonseca's ideological move toward scientific socialism and revolutionary nationalism following the foot steps of Che and Fidel. Fonseca's own writings began mentioning Sandino in 1959 and in the context of the Cuban Revolution during his stay in Havana. In Cuba, where he found a biography called "Sandino: General of Free Men", Fonseca was able to study Sandino freely and to begin constructing what he saw as a uniquely Nicaraguan revolutionary ideology. Fonseca's biographer, Matilde Zimmermann, argues that the year 1958 to 1960 were crucial years in the development of Sandinismo as they marked a turning point in Fonseca's political thought, shifting from Stalin to Sandino as the banner of revolutionary struggle. In the 1961–1962 debates in Havana over the creation of a Nicaraguan revolutionary front, it was Fonseca who persuaded his Nicaraguan student counterparts that Sandino's name should be incorporated in their party. It was in 1961 when the Sandinista Front would be created in Honduras.
3776:. Sandinistas value Sandino as a hero but also recognize his failure to fulfill his mission due to the lack of class-consciousness that existed during the 1930s. Fonseca explained, "It was to the glory of the people of Nicaragua that the most humble class responded for the stained honor of the nation. At the same time, it was a tragedy because we are speaking of a peasantry without any political awareness. The result was that once Sandino was assassinated, his movement was incapable of continuity." Due to Sandino's ambiguous writings, such as those indicating his years as a Liberal and his friendship and break with Augustín Farabundo Marti, a communist, it is difficult to ascertain how Fonseca reconstructed Sandino's image. However, the end result focused on Sandino's anti-imperialist struggle as a path that failed but would succeed under the correct path, making use of the masses.
3860:
identified capitalism as 'the main obstacle to social progress'. They believed in a gradual transformation of society toward
Socialism. The Terceristas believed Nicaragua would have to go through a transitional popular-democratic revolutionary phase that would not be explicitly Marxist-Leninist until it reached a socialist society. The Sandinismo of the Terceristas called for 'Marxist ideological clarity' only among its top ranks and not among the masses in fear of Nicaraguans' reaction to such policies. What differentiates Tercerista ideology from other Sandinismo strains is their willingness to have tactical alliances with bourgeoisie sectors of society. Their appeals for tactical and temporary broad alliances were victorious within the party's National Directorate, however, not without controversy over the preservation of pure Marxist analysis.
3912:). Fonseca envisioned himself as a patriot of the true indigenous Nicaragua. His supporters saw him as a respectful leader, inspirational, imaginative, determined, self-confident, displayed personal-magnetism and had absolute integrity. Where Fonseca distinguished himself from Sandino was in his emphasis on education for the peasantry. When Sandino was assassinated his revolutionary thoughts died with him. In the case of Fonseca, he had put so much work into making a "collective will" and consciousness among the peasantry that the Sandinista Revolution was able to survive and thrive after Fonseca's death in battle. The Sandinista political thought was so deeply enshrined in the peasants that the Somoza forces could not bring an end to the revolt by simply killing any revolutionary leaders.
3876:
party members wishing to dispense upon the masses: his quest to attain the sovereign-independence of
Nicaragua had not been accomplished generations after his assassination. Sandino wished to remove the foreign influences that were dominant in the country, and prevented the government from conducting business for the well being of the Nicaraguan people. Fonseca wished to use his newly developed history of Nicaragua to unite the rural peasants to instill a greater sense of pride, to encourage men to take part in the anti-imperial struggle and to increase revolutionary solidarity.
3830:" because of its mass support among the peasantry and its reliance on guerrilla tactics. The gradual approach in the countryside involved isolating portions of the highly trained National Guard into weaker portions, and eliminating these smaller segments one by one. Popular support from the rural masses was needed to take on the Somoza forces. These peasants that were taking part in guerrilla activities had to have developed a new revolutionary consciousness for them to risk their lives to attain freedom.
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Sandino, who had fought a six-year guerrilla war against the
Conservatives and the United States Marines in Nicaragua from 1927 to 1933, was generally viewed as a popular war hero prior to his death. While student movements had used his name in brief struggles, Sandino's assassination in 1934 and the
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While rejecting teleological visions, Fonseca still believed that the formation of revolutionary consciousness was making peasants into 'complete human beings'. The idea of consciousness was borrowed from
Sandino, and also from the Cuban revolutionaries. As the peasants were taught to read and write
3850:
In
Sandinismo, nationalism and sovereign independence were key motivators. The sometimes mythic tales of Sandino tapped into the artistic imaginations of the peasants who needed to be convinced, and political passion was given a more concrete form. As with any populist movement, to go along with its
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Sandinistas, like many
Marxists, believe that education is a manifestation of the beliefs of the ruling government, so the regime's ideological tendencies are passed down to the youth. Under the Somozas there was a lack of properly funded schools in the countryside, most peasant children received no
3798:
Many aspects of
Sandinismo are similar to tendencies in other forms of political thought in Latin America like its appeal to the largest mass of the population and its anti-imperialist rhetoric. The most important attributes of the ideology make it solely a Nicaraguan creation. In Sandinismo, there
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opposition groups such as the
Partido Socialista de Nicaragua (PSN). The PSN claimed to be a pure Marxist group, committed to fostering mass support of the proletariat and participating in elections before agreeing to any type of revolution. Aligned at first, the alliance between FSLN and PSN broke
3846:
Fonseca's
Sandinistas were bent on "freeing the minds" of the peasantry by instilling an 'official' understanding of history that places struggle against imperialism and the abundance of the national heroes the peasants at the center of a Marxist historical interpretation of Nicaragua. Nationalism
3822:
Fonseca's early experiences with student activism led him to declare himself a Marxist in 1954. In the 1950s at the National University of Nicaragua in Leon, Fonseca began developing his radical ideology by studying the Marxist classics. As a student in the 1960s, Fonseca split from the Pro-Moscow
3779:
Carlos Fonseca adopted many of the Sandinista military goals from Che Guevara in 1959. Just as Guevara had implemented his guerrilla foco in the Sierra Maestra mountains of the Oriente province, Fonseca believed Nicaragua's Revolution would begin with mass insurgency in the Nicaraguan countryside.
3891:
In some ways, Sandino's mission had been a failure since he did not remove the dictator who was in power, but Fonseca was able to retain the strong legacy of Sandino's spirit in his contemporary military approach. Sandino's guerrilla experience showed Fonseca that revolutionary processes could be
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and Sandino's struggle against the Somoza forces was not directed at a socialist telos. Like Sandino, Fonseca wished to ignite the consciousness of the peasantry, and they were a collective force that Fonseca showed could be in control of their own futures. Fonseca believed that the first liberty
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When the Somoza dictatorship was in power they had failed to develop proper educational institutions. To the dismay of Sandinistas, in school classes Sandino was described as a bandit and an enemy of good government. In the 1970s, Fonseca brought a new interpretation of Sandino to the Sandinista
3740:
model, stating that under the correct repressive and alienating economic and political conditions of the rural population, a small armed movement would be able to gain followers throughout rural and urban populations. While many FSLN members were exterminated, the decade Fonseca spent underground
3685:. By awakening political thought among the people, proponents of Sandinista ideology believed that human resources would be available to not only execute a guerrilla war against the Somoza regime but also build a society resistant to economic and military intervention imposed by foreign entities.
3859:
Sandinismo had several doctrinal strands during the years of insurgency and throughout the revolutionary period. However, the Sandinismo of the Terceristas, led by Daniel and Humberto Ortega, gained preponderance over its more doctrinaire rivals during the revolutionary years. The Tercerista's
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in 1959. Just as Guevara had implemented his guerrilla foco in the Sierra Maestra mountains of the Oriente province, Fonseca believed Nicaragua's Revolution would begin with mass insurgence in the countryside. However, Ernesto 'Che' Guevara and Fidel Castro had themselves studied Sandino's war
3899:
The message Fonseca and Sandino left was to teach the peasants to read and write. This did not occur too often in the 1930s. But for Sandinistas, education was a major function of the movement. Conscious people were committed to the revolution, even with the fatal risks involved.
3680:
in the 1950s. It sought to inspire socialist populism among Nicaragua's peasant population. One of these main philosophies involved the institution of an educational system that would free the population from the perceived historical fallacies spread by the ruling
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that the masses should have was the ownership of the land where they labored. Economic sovereignty in the majority of Nicaragua's economic sectors would allow growth to remain in the state, as well as reward the people who rightfully deserved some profit.
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developed among the peasantry. Fonseca also learned from Sandino's endeavors that revolutionaries had to learn from past errors, there was a need for theory to guide action, and the collective sharing of knowledge was essential.
3760:
resulted in the meaning of his struggle being lost through the generations. The only book that was publicly available domestically to Nicaraguans was an account of Sandino that portrayed him as a bandit and communist, written by
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lessons and their parents were illiterate as well. In Somoza's state, he wanted: "… uneducated people, little more than beasts of burden." When assessing the democratic practices in
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Fonseca was highly influenced by Nicaraguan hero Augusto Sandino, whose history he was introduced to by Cuban revolutionaries. Sandino led a peasant insurgence against the first
3748:. Fonseca stated that the persistent problems that existed in Nicaragua could not be solved through legal activities and elections. Instead, Fonseca drew from the success of the
3729:
due to the PSN refusing to take on Sandino's image for he had originally refused to embrace Marxism, and the FSLN leaders disagreeing with the PSN and Conservative association.
3688:
In Sandinismo, there's an emphasis that revolution begins in rural regions and people among Nicaragua's oppressed peasant class. Sandinista ideas are rooted in the symbols of
950:
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This opportunity emerged in the 1970s, when the Somoza government confiscated relief funds for personal gain instead of giving aid to individuals and families after the
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and class solidarity were developed through the growth of consciousness, and as time went by, the realization that the use of arms would be required was also fostered.
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allowed him to research Sandino and come up with a more concrete ideological framework and an appropriate time to resurface on the Nicaraguan scene.
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is an emphasis that revolution begins in rural regions among Nicaragua's oppressed peasantry, Sandinista ideas are rooted in the symbols of
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Fonseca made himself a modern Sandino; at times he overlooked the importance of obtaining support from the urban revolutionaries (
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they developed a conscious awareness of their reality and were able to see the exploitation they endured under the Somoza regime.
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and the life of Sandino to persuade students, workers, and peasants to gain power through the revolutionary force of the FSLN.
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throughout the late twentieth century. The ideology and movement acquired its name, image and its military style from
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Proletarian Guerrilla, Tricontinental, The Political Ideology of General Sandino, Chronology of Sandinista Resistance
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in the early twentieth century. The principals of modern Sandinista ideology were mainly developed by
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Capturing the Revolution: the United States, Central America and Nicaragua, 1961–1972
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Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990–2001
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Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990–2001
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Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990–2001
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and his fellow revolutionary leaders adopted the image of 1930s guerrilla fighter,
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Palmer, Steven. "Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua."
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Palmer, Steven. "Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua."
3724:. Prior to the 1970s, the FSLN competed for peasant and worker support with other
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abstract ideas an excellent leader was required to march in front of the masses.
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In the mid-1960s, the FSLN failed at their revolutionary attempts by using
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censorship of his name by the Somoza regime and the United States backed
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Carlos Fonseca adopted many of the Sandinista military goals from the
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and there is an effort to develop conscious growth through education.
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and there is an effort to develop conscious growth through education.
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is a series of political and economic philosophies instituted by the
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against the American Marines in Nicaragua during the late 1950s.
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Secret Chronicle: Augusto César Sandino Confronts His Betrayers
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Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua
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The Ideology of the Sandinistas and the Nicaraguan Revolution
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because he established the fundamental ideas of Sandinismo.
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
4307:"10 Aportes revolucionarios del Comandante Carlos Fonseca"
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4357:
Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution
4145:
4143:
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Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution
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government in the 1930s under the Liberal Party banner.
3843:, Somoza stated: "I want oxen, not men, in my country."
3768:
Fonseca revived Sandino's image by writing five texts:
4343:. Latin American Research Review; 1988, 23(1), 91-109.
4182:. The Institute of InterAmerican Studies. p. 66.
4138:
4047:
4045:
3948:"Sandinismo and the Problem of Democratic Hegemony"
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4080:
4078:
3826:Fonseca's ideological tendency was entitled the "
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4042:
3660:, a Nicaraguan revolutionary leader who waged a
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3791:is considered the principal ideologue of the
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4359:. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
4247:. University Of Chicago Press. p. 76.
4222:. University Of Chicago Press. p. 68.
4197:. University Of Chicago Press. p. 67.
3883:. The Nicaraguan people's struggle against
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4018:
3696:History of the implementation of Sandinism
3630:
3616:
2568:
2554:
1046:
1032:
4347:Zwerling, Philip; Martin, Connie (1985).
4150:Zwerling, Philip; Martin, Connie (1985).
4129:
4114:
4099:
4084:
4066:
4051:
4033:
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
276:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
4349:>Nicaragua - A New Kind of Revolution
4292:(in Spanish). Editorial Nueva Nicaragua.
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4192:
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14:
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4267:
4373:. Praeger Publishers. New York; 2001.
4333:Education and Revolution in Nicaragua
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4283:
4281:
4279:
4270:Education and Revolution in Nicaragua
4177:
3945:
2337:International socialist organizations
1285:To each according to his contribution
27:Patriotic and antimperialist Ideology
4436:Sandinista National Liberation Front
4134:. Duke University Press. p. 74.
4119:. Duke University Press. p. 59.
4104:. Duke University Press. p. 38.
4071:. Duke University Press. p. 43.
4056:. Duke University Press. p. 61.
4038:. Duke University Press. p. 30.
4023:(in Spanish). Duke University Press.
4014:
4012:
4010:
3922:Sandinista National Liberation Front
3710:Sandinista National Liberation Front
3654:Sandinista National Liberation Front
232:
159:adding citations to reliable sources
130:
72:
31:
4416:Left-wing populism in South America
4089:. Duke University Press. p. 8.
24:
4296:
4276:
4154:. Lawrence Hill Books. p. 67.
3903:
3879:Unlike Fonseca, Sandino was not a
3854:
248:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
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4007:
3676:, inspired by the leaders of the
795:List of nationalist organizations
47:This article has multiple issues.
4272:. Praeger Publishers. p. 7.
4243:Anderson, Leslie E. (May 2005).
4218:Anderson, Leslie E. (May 2005).
4193:Anderson, Leslie E. (May 2005).
3599:
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258:guide to writing better articles
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4351:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.
4335:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
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4236:
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4123:
3720:to gain popular support across
146:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
4426:Eponymous political ideologies
4385:Nicaragua, the Land of Sandino
4380:. Quadrangle Books. USA; 1967.
4290:Bajo la bandera del Sandinismo
4288:Fonseca Terán, Carlos (1985).
4166:Latin American Research Review
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4002:Latin American Research Review
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3939:
3927:Sandinista Renovation Movement
3784:Populism and guerrilla warfare
886:Historiography and nationalism
336:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
13:
1:
3932:
2838:Criticism of multiculturalism
1170:Critique of political economy
978:Seasonal or cultural festival
4387:. Westview Press. USA; 1991.
4355:Zimmermann, Matilde (2000).
4019:Zimmermann, Matilde (2000).
3863:
3833:
2440:Socialist calculation debate
2410:List of socialist economists
2385:Economic calculation problem
1270:Socialist mode of production
1127:Socialist calculation debate
7:
4130:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4115:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4100:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4085:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4067:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4052:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
4034:Zimmerman, Matilde (2000).
3952:Latin American Perspectives
3915:
821:Anti-globalization movement
10:
4452:
4331:Arnove, Robert E. (1986).
4268:Arnove, Robert E. (1986).
3964:10.1177/0094582X9001700203
3341:Ukrainian national revival
951:Principle of nationalities
3336:Anti-Administration party
2435:Socialism and LGBT rights
1379:Socialist-oriented market
1327:Socialist planned economy
1230:Material balance planning
528:Constitutional patriotism
3450:Election of Donald Trump
1374:Socialist market economy
1299:Workers' self-management
1265:Socialism in one country
1112:Age of the Enlightenment
3828:Protracted People's War
3746:1972 Managua earthquake
2375:Criticism of capitalism
1386:Participatory economics
1220:Labour-time calculation
3705:
3704:Augusto César Sandino.
3670:Somoza National Guards
3536:Democratic backsliding
2738:Jeffersonian democracy
2380:Criticism of socialism
1332:Decentralized planning
1235:Peer‑to‑peer economics
876:Gender and nationalism
99:by rewriting it in an
4421:Nicaraguan Revolution
4411:Left-wing nationalism
4178:Nolan, David (1984).
3801:Augusto César Sandino
3718:Augusto César Sandino
3703:
3690:Augusto César Sandino
3668:and the conservative
3666:United States Marines
3658:Augusto César Sandino
3455:Yellow vests protests
926:National indifference
170:"Sandinista ideology"
4369:Gambone, Michael D.
3946:Brown, Doug (1990).
3526:Classical radicalism
2885:Grassroots democracy
2853:Economic nationalism
2811:Anti-intellectualism
2728:Jacksonian democracy
2530:Communism portal
2513:Socialism portal
1205:Industrial democracy
1155:Collective ownership
851:Cultural nationalism
720:National syndicalist
155:improve this article
3808:Cuban Revolutionary
3643:Sandinista ideology
3606:Politics portal
3420:Revolutions of 1989
3148:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
3128:Kirchner (Cristina)
2930:Popular sovereignty
2915:Natural aristocracy
2415:Market abolitionism
2400:Left-libertarianism
1337:Inclusive Democracy
1304:Workplace democracy
1150:Calculation in kind
1132:Socialist economics
1122:Revolutions of 1848
1020:Politics portal
973:Right-wing populism
931:Nationalism studies
4431:Political theories
4378:The Sandino Affair
4313:. 23 November 2020
4004:; 1988, 23(1), 100
3810:experience led by
3706:
3435:Tea Party movement
2955:Welfare chauvinism
2873:Anti-establishment
2806:Anti-globalization
2420:Marxist philosophy
1240:Production for use
1210:Input–output model
1175:Economic democracy
891:Imagined community
725:National Bolshevik
444:Self-determination
101:encyclopedic style
88:is written like a
4406:Guerrilla warfare
4311:Visión Sandinista
4168:; 1988, 23(1), 92
3640:
3639:
3568:Paleoconservatism
3366:Völkisch movement
3356:Farmers' Alliance
3133:Kirchner (Néstor)
2925:Popular democracy
2890:Identity politics
2868:The Establishment
2578:
2577:
2370:Communist society
2342:Socialist parties
1601:Saint-Simonianism
1190:Equal opportunity
1180:Economic planning
1117:French Revolution
1056:
1055:
871:Gastronationalism
856:Diaspora politics
831:Banal nationalism
304:
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286:
285:
278:
252:used on Knowledge
250:encyclopedic tone
231:
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128:
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16:(Redirected from
4443:
4401:Anti-imperialism
4383:Walker, Thomas.
4376:Macaulay, Neil.
4352:
4339:Palmer, Steven.
4336:
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3881:Marxist-Leninist
3758:Guardia Nacional
3750:Cuban Revolution
3712:(FSLN) in 1961,
3678:Cuban Revolution
3632:
3625:
3618:
3604:
3603:
3578:Radical centrism
3516:Authoritarianism
3400:Share Our Wealth
3390:Great Depression
2848:Direct democracy
2580:
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2570:
2563:
2556:
2542:Organized Labour
2540:
2539:
2528:
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2455:Workers' council
2092:Gracchi Brothers
1616:Social democracy
1359:Market socialism
1347:Project Cybersyn
1275:Soviet democracy
1260:Social ownership
1215:Internationalism
1195:Free association
1165:Common ownership
1081:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1018:
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959:
941:Plurinationalism
901:Internationalism
841:Communitarianism
826:Anti-imperialism
816:Anti-nationalism
805:Related concepts
306:
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260:for suggestions.
256:See Knowledge's
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3910:Humberto Ortega
3906:
3904:Modern caudillo
3866:
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3855:The Terceristas
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3440:Occupy movement
3430:Great Recession
3384:Radiosomaggismo
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3153:Le Pen (Marine)
2968:
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2801:Anti-corruption
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2585:Politics series
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2445:Socialist Party
2390:Economic system
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1245:Sharing economy
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3789:Carlos Fonseca
3785:
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3588:Third Position
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715:Revolutionary
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172: –
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166:Find sources:
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144:This article
142:
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86:This article
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34:
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19:
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4364:Bibliography
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4315:. Retrieved
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3958:(2): 39–61.
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3825:
3821:
3812:Fidel Castro
3805:
3797:
3787:
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3754:
3743:
3731:
3707:
3687:
3664:against the
3646:
3642:
3641:
3382:
3375:
2880:General will
2830:
2678:
2664:Berlusconism
2583:Part of the
1486:Evolutionary
1406:21st-century
1200:Freed market
983:Subsidiarity
811:Anationalism
570:Expansionist
434:Independence
290:
272:
263:
247:
217:
208:
198:
191:
184:
177:
165:
153:Please help
148:verification
145:
115:
106:
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
3816:Che Guevara
3793:Sandinistas
3734:Che Guevara
3546:Nationalism
3488:New Zealand
3377:Sămănătorul
3361:Chłopomania
3318:Zhirinovsky
3143:La Follette
2967:Politicians
2950:Wedge issue
2832:Continuismo
2796:Agrarianism
2748:Kirchnerism
2669:Bonapartism
2517:WikiProject
2395:French Left
2187:Spiridonova
2086:Politicians
1999:Castoriadis
1679:Saint-Simon
1631:Third World
1626:Syndicalism
1561:Nationalist
1536:Libertarian
1501:Free-market
1364:Lange model
1352:Soviet-type
1322:Communalism
1294:Vanguardism
1250:Spontaneism
1160:Cooperative
1106:Development
954: [
906:Irredentism
896:Imperialism
769:Territorial
735:Legionarism
423:Core values
319:Nationalism
4395:Categories
4132:Sandinista
4117:Sandinista
4102:Sandinista
4087:Sandinista
4069:Sandinista
4054:Sandinista
4036:Sandinista
3933:References
3841:Costa Rica
3651:Nicaraguan
3647:Sandinismo
3521:Chauvinism
3395:Vargas Era
3371:Gilded Age
3263:Shinawatra
3233:Papandreou
2983:Berlusconi
2768:Poporanism
2708:Fortuynism
2691:Erdoğanism
2658:Ideologies
2636:Right-wing
2488:Socialists
2483:By country
2365:Capitalism
2247:Mitterrand
2212:Gerhardsen
2157:Liebknecht
2142:Markievicz
2069:Varoufakis
2019:Fotopoulos
1689:Saint-Just
1684:Buonarroti
1669:Campanella
1606:Scientific
1541:Marhaenism
1496:Fourierism
1481:Ecological
1461:Democratic
1000:Xenophobia
968:Revanchism
921:Militarism
580:Indigenism
575:Homosexual
543:Ecological
449:Solidarity
439:Patriotism
429:Allegiance
181:newspapers
52:improve it
4152:Nicaragua
3988:144436617
3972:0094-582X
3864:Symbolism
3834:Education
3722:Nicaragua
3583:Socialism
3563:New Right
3531:Communism
3511:Alt-right
3467:By region
3425:Pink tide
3351:Narodniks
3203:Netanyahu
3173:Mélenchon
3123:Kaczyński
3083:de Gaulle
3008:Boulanger
3003:Bonaparte
2998:Bolsonaro
2920:Pluralism
2758:Nasserism
2718:Hansonism
2686:Dutertism
2674:Caesarism
2616:Left-wing
2360:Anarchism
2282:Gorbachev
2132:Malatesta
2127:Bernstein
1904:Pankhurst
1884:Pannekoek
1874:Luxemburg
1829:Plekhanov
1804:Carpenter
1799:Kropotkin
1596:Ricardian
1586:Religious
1581:Reformism
1566:Nkrumaism
1556:Municipal
1456:Communism
1451:Christian
1436:Blanquism
1426:Anarchism
1369:Mutualism
1071:Socialism
881:Globalism
866:Francoism
669:Christian
664:Religious
590:Left-wing
533:Corporate
523:Communist
484:Bourgeois
474:Anarchist
266:July 2012
211:July 2012
109:July 2012
58:talk page
18:Sandinist
3916:See also
3573:Putinism
3558:New Left
3541:Georgism
3273:Subianto
3103:Iglesias
3033:Castillo
3018:Buchanan
2910:Nativism
2905:Mob rule
2900:Localism
2843:Demagogy
2821:Backlash
2790:Concepts
2778:Trumpism
2773:Qasimism
2763:Peronism
2743:Kemalism
2723:Hindutva
2713:Gaullism
2680:Chavismo
2611:Judicial
2600:Variants
2592:Populism
2478:Category
2217:Erlander
2177:Kerensky
2147:Connolly
2004:Thompson
1989:Bookchin
1979:Montseny
1929:Vanzetti
1894:Einstein
1864:Landauer
1769:Saltykov
1764:Lassalle
1724:Proudhon
1506:Gandhian
1491:Feminist
1441:Buddhist
1421:Agrarian
1399:Variants
1063:a series
1061:Part of
995:Trumpism
936:Nativism
916:Localism
911:Jingoism
759:Romantic
710:Resource
691:Hindutva
679:Clerical
674:Catholic
635:Japanese
594:populism
585:Integral
565:European
548:Economic
506:American
489:Business
411:Treasure
386:Language
381:Identity
311:a series
309:Part of
3980:2633750
3346:Hromada
3330:History
3303:Wilders
3288:Wallace
3258:Sanders
3253:Salvini
3248:Quadros
3208:Obrador
3193:Morales
3118:Johnson
3108:Jackson
3078:Gaddafi
3073:Fortuyn
3063:Erdoğan
3058:Duterte
2993:Billing
2988:Bernier
2973:Atatürk
2863:Elitism
2733:Janismo
2696:Fascism
2646:Valence
2312:Sánchez
2297:Sankara
2257:Mandela
2242:Kreisky
2232:Allende
2227:Senghor
2222:Douglas
2207:Durruti
2172:Trotsky
2064:Graeber
2044:Hampton
2014:Chomsky
1959:Marcuse
1944:Gramsci
1934:Bordiga
1924:Polanyi
1879:Russell
1869:Berkman
1859:Goldman
1849:Du Bois
1819:Kautsky
1814:Bellamy
1779:Tolstoy
1754:Wallace
1739:Bakunin
1729:Greeley
1719:Blanqui
1699:Fourier
1646:Zionist
1636:Utopian
1576:Popular
1571:Owenism
1551:Marxism
1531:Liberal
1516:Islamic
1476:Ethical
1471:Digital
1446:Chinese
1411:African
1095:Outline
1090:History
730:Fascism
657:Zionism
600:Musical
494:Welfare
469:African
351:Colours
330:forming
195:scholar
95:Please
4317:6 July
4251:
4226:
4201:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3870:Somoza
3763:Somoza
3726:Somoza
3478:Europe
3473:Canada
3445:Brexit
3413:Europe
3298:Weaver
3293:Warren
3283:Vargas
3243:Peters
3223:Ortega
3198:Nasser
3178:Meloni
3168:Maduro
3098:Humala
3093:Hébert
3068:Farage
3048:Correa
3043:Corbyn
3038:Chávez
3028:Caesar
3023:Butler
2978:Bannon
2753:Lulism
2641:Techno
2626:Market
2307:Marcos
2302:Chávez
2292:Corbyn
2267:Manley
2262:Dubček
2252:Nasser
2192:Makhno
2182:Attlee
2167:Martov
2152:Gandhi
2107:Babeuf
2097:Mazdak
2059:Hedges
2039:Öcalan
2024:Newton
1984:Sartre
1974:Guérin
1969:Orwell
1919:Korsch
1914:Lukács
1899:Keller
1889:Rocker
1834:Ferrer
1789:Morris
1784:Michel
1759:Lavrov
1749:Engels
1734:Herzen
1709:Leroux
1641:Yellow
1546:Market
1521:Jewish
1316:Models
963:Racism
779:Ultra-
774:Trans-
745:Rexism
740:Nazism
698:Muslim
647:Korean
620:Racial
605:Mystic
553:Ethnic
538:Cyber-
511:French
406:Symbol
361:Father
356:Emblem
346:Church
341:Anthem
328:Nation
197:
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183:
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168:
3984:S2CID
3976:JSTOR
3313:Zeman
3278:Trump
3268:Stere
3238:Perón
3228:Palin
3218:Orbán
3183:Milei
3113:Janša
3013:Bryan
2631:Penal
2606:Black
2493:Songs
2467:Lists
2272:Palme
2122:Bebel
2112:Blanc
2074:Saito
2049:Žižek
2029:Wolff
1964:James
1949:Sacco
1939:Serge
1909:Volin
1854:Gorky
1844:Wells
1839:Dewey
1824:Wilde
1809:Sorel
1794:Jones
1704:Cabet
1674:Paine
1621:State
1611:Sewer
1511:Guild
1289:needs
1144:Ideas
958:]
946:Post-
686:Hindu
652:White
640:Shōwa
630:Black
516:Irish
501:Civic
479:Blind
462:Types
401:State
396:Sport
202:JSTOR
188:books
4319:2023
4249:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4199:ISBN
3968:ISSN
3814:and
3772:and
3738:foco
3308:Yoon
3188:Modi
3163:Lula
3158:Long
3138:Khan
3053:Dean
2287:Lula
2202:Nagy
2197:Tito
2162:Blum
2137:Debs
2117:Hong
2102:Roux
2054:West
2009:Ward
1994:Zinn
1744:Marx
1694:Owen
1664:More
1416:Arab
1342:OGAS
703:Sikh
625:Arab
615:Pan-
610:Neo-
391:Myth
371:Epic
366:Flag
174:news
3960:doi
3736:'s
3645:or
3551:Neo
3088:Han
2701:Neo
2277:Che
2034:Ali
1954:Day
1714:Sue
376:God
157:by
4397::
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4044:^
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