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disposed of in a summary and unceremonious way not all consistent with the weight to which he deemed them entitled. * * * * No one informed him of the cause, but he did not fail to discover it himself, or to take promptly the steps to remedy the evil. From originating propositions himself he became obviously desirous to follow the lead of others — instead of the usual confident and
652:, an abolitionist book published in 1839. He is given as an example of slavers who disregard marriages of enslaved African Americans. The book reprinted a signed advertisement Hayne placed in a newspaper that sought help capturing an escaped man. Hayne's advertisement suggested that the fugitive may be heading to a neighboring county where the enslaved man's wife and children live.
846:, including the end of slavery in Spain's former colonies. (After achieving independence, Mexico abolished slavery in 1824.) Objecting to any federal effort to curtail slavery, Hayne said, "The moment the federal government shall make the unhallowed attempt to interfere with the domestic concerns of the states; those states will consider themselves driven from the Union."
603:. They had a daughter, Frances Henrietta Pinckney Sharpe (1818–1875). In 1820, after his first wife's death from childbirth complications, Hayne married Rebecca Brewton Allston. Her father, William Alston, gave her a lot on lower King Street, where Hayne built a house (today's 4 Ladson Street). Hayne would later give his daughter Frances a plantation in
719:, unsupportive of the city-appointed court handling the trial, asked Hayne for his legal opinion. Hayne advised Bennett that the "Magna Charta and Habeas Corpus and indeed all the provisions of our Constitution in favour of Liberty, are intended for freemen only" and that the Governor of South Carolina could not examine "judicial errors."
734:
He entered at once into the debates and without the slightest embarrassment spoke fluently, intelligibly, sometimes forcibly but often without the slightest effect. Whilst he was himself treated with proper respect, motions, arguments and opinions which he deemed very conclusive, were sometimes
877:
and available for sale, preventing states from conducting further land sales. Whether the federal government had the authority to take this action called into question the relationship between the powers of the federal government and the governments of the individual states.
833:
Hayne was an ardent free-trader and an uncompromising advocate of states' rights. He consistently argued that slavery was a domestic institution and should be dealt with only by the individual states. He opposed the federal government's plan to send delegates to the
730:, a contemporary of Hayne's in the Senate, commented on how Hayne's demeanor there evolved from one of self-confident outspokenness at first to one of outward modesty more in line with the senatorial culture of respect for seniority:
1012:
Denmark Vesey and His Co-Conspirators Author(s): Michael P. Johnson Source: The
William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct., 2001), pp. 915-976 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL:
857:
backed a bill to increase tariffs on imported goods, a measure that southern politicians opposed. Hayne spoke in opposition to the bill, Webster responded, and the ensuing series of back-and-forth Senate speeches became known as the
739:
way of advancing his opinions they were now expressed with diffidence in moderate terms with well conceived expressions of deference to those of the elder and more experienced members of the Senate. The change was observed and
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convention. Hamilton and Hayne argued that states could "nullify" federal laws with which they disagreed. Eighty percent of its 162 delegates voted to nullify federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and for the
795:, surviving the war. However, he and his family sold their plantations and invested the proceeds in Confederate bonds. After the war, the family's finances were dire, and Sharpe moved to Tennessee, then
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Webster argued for the supremacy of the federal government and the
Constitution and against nullification and secession. He concluded his Second Reply to Hayne with the memorable phrases, "Liberty
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Robert Y. Hayne was born on
November 10, 1791, to Elizabeth Peronneau and her husband William Hayne, who owned plantations farmed by enslaved labor in St. Paul Parish,
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588:. Robert Hayne had a younger brother, Paul Hamilton Hayne (1803-1830). Hayne received a private education suitable for his class, then studied law in the office of
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His transcontinental railroad dreams never materialized. His son-in-law, Capt. Elam Sharpe Jr. fought for the
Confederacy against the United States in the
675:. The LCCR bought the SCCRC's stock in 1839. The two railroads merged in 1844 but never completed the track as expected, only finishing about 60 miles to
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726:. He was reelected in 1828 and served from March 4, 1823, to December 13, 1832. From 1825 to 1832, he chaired the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs.
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809:, was a poet and South Carolina's poet laureate who moved to Georgia after the Civil War. In 1878, he published a biography of Hayne.
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He opposed 1824, 1828, and 1832 protectionist federal tariff bills. In 1828, in response to the changing economic landscape in
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873:. Foot's proposal called for a federal government study into restricting the sale of public lands to those lands already
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Hayne's descendants sold the Ladson Street house in 1863, but it still exists today, albeit moved and renovated in 1890.
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On
November 3, 1813, he married Frances Henrietta Pinckney (1790–1818), daughter of prominent lawyer and former governor
1002:. Boston Public Library. New York: : Published by the American Anti-Slavery Society, office, no. 143 Nassau Street.
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947:"Hayne, Robert y. Charleston's Intendants and Mayors Halsey Map Preservation Society of Charleston"
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The Great Debate
Between Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina, and Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts
959:
1820 U.S. Federal Census for Black River, Georgetown, South
Carolina, p. 2 of 3 on ancestry.com.
757:. A temporary compromise was reached between the federal government and South Carolina in 1833.
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in the Third South
Carolina Regiment. Hayne later served as the Quartermaster General of the
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The debate arose over the "Foot resolution," introduced on
December 29, 1829 by Senator
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against Great
Britain, he was a Lieutenant in the Charleston Cadet Infantry. He rose to
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to take the seat. From 1836 to 1837, he served as Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina.
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1095:
Sheidley, Harlow W. "The Webster-Hayne Debate: Recasting New England's Sectionalism,"
784:, on September 24, 1839. He is buried at St. Michael's Church cemetery in Charleston.
524:(November 10, 1791 – September 24, 1839) was an American politician. He served in the
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is considered a defining episode in the constitutional crisis which precipitated the
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1820 U.S. Federal Census for St. Bartholomew's parish, Colleton, South Carolina.
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Hayne actively promoted South Carolina's industrial development, including the
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Weld, Theodore Dwight; Sweetser, Seth; American Anti-Slavery Society (1839).
850:
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712:
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611:, court clerk, Elam Sharpe, shortly before Hayne's unexpected death in 1839.
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1820 U.S. Federal Census for Ward 2, Charleston, South Carolina, p. 9 of 38.
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1136:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
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between the national government and the states and that any state could
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Hayne resigned from the Senate to accept election by the legislature as
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Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
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853:(there was a shift from farming towards mass production in factories),
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in 1832, serving one term into 1834. He was succeeded in the senate by
715:
occurred in Charleston after a purported slave rebellion was thwarted.
2175:
874:
642:(half of them engaged in agriculture), another 50 enslaved people in
635:. By 1836, he had risen in the state militia ranks to major general.
977:
1820 U.S. Federal Census in Charleston, South Carolina, p. 45 of 86.
3037:
999:
American slavery as it is: : testimony of a thousand witnesses
536:
1836–1837. As Senator and Governor, he was a leading figure in the
1117:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
442:
32:
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438:
1845:
1090:
Eulogy upon the Life and Character of the Late Robert Y. Hayne
843:
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any federal law which it considered to be in contradiction.
842:
to develop a united North and South American policy towards
3139:
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
722:
In 1822, South Carolina's legislature elected Hayne to the
345:
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from
748:
as governor, Hayne served as Chairman of South Carolina's
1159:
1047:
http://www.HalseyMap.com/Flash/mayors-detail.asp?polID=28
935:
http://www.HalseyMap.com/Flash/mayors-detail.asp?polID=28
2216:
667:, and the Mississippi River. Hayne was president of the
671:
until his death and was succeeded as its president by
3164:
Nullifier Party state governors of the United States
1167:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1106:(Boston, 1898), in the "Riverside Literature Series"
623:
in 1812 and practiced law in Charleston. During the
3174:Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
1099:1994 67(1): 5–29. ISSN 0028-4866 Fulltext in Jstor
791:as a member of the First South Carolina Cavalry,
638:In the 1820 census, Hayne enslaved 118 people in
3189:Burials at St. Michael's Churchyard (Charleston)
3100:
2617:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
1076:Lives of Robert Y. Hayne and Hugh Swinton Legaré
663:under Hayne's plan to link Charleston's port to
1323:
669:Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad
2600:
2202:
1831:
1309:
659:, which in 1835 expanded westward toward the
3144:Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
615:Lawyer, officer, planter, railroad president
1024:
924:Encyclopedia of American Biography, p. 465.
799:, where he became a Presbyterian minister.
703:and served from 1814 to 1818, including as
2607:
2593:
2209:
2195:
1847:United States senators from South Carolina
1838:
1824:
1316:
1302:
1225:U.S. senator (Class 2) from South Carolina
711:from 1818 to 1822. During his tenure, the
31:
657:South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company
1122:
575:
548:, a vocal proponent of the doctrines of
3194:United States senators who owned slaves
701:South Carolina House of Representatives
290:South Carolina House of Representatives
3101:
1148:SCIway Biography of Robert Young Hayne
235:5th Attorney General of South Carolina
3184:South Carolina Democratic-Republicans
3149:University of South Carolina trustees
2588:
2190:
1819:
1297:
1033:The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren
359:November 28, 1814 – December 18, 1818
347:St. Philip's and St. Michael's Parish
302:November 23, 1818 – December 18, 1818
105:December 13, 1832 – December 11, 1834
62:September 5, 1836 – September 4, 1837
3154:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina
2218:Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina
247:December 18, 1818 – December 7, 1822
1153:NGA Biography of Robert Young Hayne
775:
770:Vice President of the United States
690:
13:
1191:Attorney General of South Carolina
1068:
828:
709:Attorney General of South Carolina
14:
3205:
3119:19th-century American politicians
1141:
193:Senate Committee on Naval Affairs
162:March 4, 1823 – December 13, 1832
3159:South Carolina attorneys general
2811:
2029:
1804:
1110:
679:, in addition to connections to
452:
1162:"Robert Y. Hayne (id: H000398)"
1051:
1039:
644:Colleton County, South Carolina
16:American politician (1791–1839)
1059:New International Encyclopedia
1021:Accessed: 15-04-2020 00:45 UTC
1006:
989:
980:
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1:
3124:19th-century American lawyers
1083:Robert V. Hayne and his Times
911:
607:, when she married the local
7:
3169:Nullifier Party politicians
2624:Military Affairs Committee
1325:Governors of South Carolina
768:, who resigned his post as
699:, Hayne was elected to the
501:3rd South Carolina Regiment
115:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
10:
3210:
1276:Governor of South Carolina
883:United States Constitution
762:Governor of South Carolina
755:Ordinance of Nullification
640:Georgetown, South Carolina
619:Hayne was admitted to the
530:Governor of South Carolina
428:Frances Henrietta Pinckney
271:John Smythe Richardson Sr.
93:Governor of South Carolina
50:Charleston, South Carolina
2989:Armed Services Committee
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1102:Swift, Lindsay. (editor)
881:Hayne contended that the
838:, which was organized by
782:Asheville, North Carolina
649:American Slavery As It Is
609:Pendleton, South Carolina
562:1830 debate in the Senate
515:
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408:Asheville, North Carolina
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2821:Naval Affairs Committee
1160:United States Congress.
825:was named in his honor.
677:Columbia, South Carolina
605:Tamassee, South Carolina
469:United States of America
1133:Encyclopædia Britannica
717:Governor Thomas Bennett
3129:South Carolina lawyers
1246:Stephen Decatur Miller
1185:John Smythe Richardson
1097:New England Quarterly,
1045:"Robert Young Hayne."
933:"Robert Young Hayne."
742:
713:trial of Denmark Vesey
681:Camden, South Carolina
528:from 1823 to 1832, as
481:South Carolina militia
83:Henry Laurens Pinckney
732:
661:Appalachian Mountains
576:Early and family life
493:Quartermaster General
145:United States Senator
1081:Jervey, Theodore D.
860:Webster-Hayne debate
724:United States Senate
705:Speaker of the House
538:Nullification Crisis
526:United States Senate
288:16th Speaker of the
1128:Hayne, Robert Young
1031:Van Buren, Martin,
807:Paul Hamilton Hayne
707:in 1818. Hayne was
534:Mayor of Charleston
430:Rebecca Mott Alston
1269:James Hamilton Jr.
1261:Political offices
1231:Served alongside:
1092:(Charleston, 1840)
1078:(Charleston, 1878)
789:American Civil War
746:James Hamilton Jr.
665:Memphis, Tennessee
570:American Civil War
546:James Hamilton Jr.
532:1832–1834, and as
522:Robert Young Hayne
478:United States Army
401:September 24, 1839
389:St. Pauls Parish,
377:Robert Young Hayne
327:Thomas Bennett Jr.
260:Thomas Bennett Jr.
126:James Hamilton Jr.
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3095:
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2581:
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2183:
1813:
1812:
1292:
1291:
1283:Succeeded by
1251:Succeeded by
1229:1823–1832
1198:Succeeded by
1085:(New York, 1909).
582:Colleton District
519:
518:
387:November 10, 1791
3201:
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2615:Chairmen of the
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1266:Preceded by
1215:Preceded by
1201:James L. Petigru
1183:Preceded by
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805:Hayne's nephew,
793:Hampton's Legion
776:Death and legacy
728:Martin Van Buren
691:Political career
685:Atlanta, Georgia
601:Charles Pinckney
540:and, along with
461:Military service
456:
404:
386:
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368:Personal details
357:
335:
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282:James L. Petigru
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228:George M. Dallas
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191:Chairman of the
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20:
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3179:Pinckney family
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1288:
1286:George McDuffie
1279:
1271:
1256:
1254:John C. Calhoun
1230:
1228:
1220:
1203:
1194:
1186:
1144:
1126:, ed. (1911). "
1111:
1109:
1074:Hayne, Paul H.
1071:
1069:Further reading
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932:
928:
923:
919:
914:
836:Panama Congress
831:
829:Political views
822:Robert Y. Hayne
778:
766:John C. Calhoun
744:In 1832, under
693:
617:
578:
542:John C. Calhoun
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429:
415:Political party
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185:John C. Calhoun
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138:George McDuffie
132:
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104:
99:
85:
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72:Edward W. North
67:
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25:Robert Y. Hayne
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3141:
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3015:
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3000:
2994:
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2991:(1947–present)
2986:
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2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
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2036:
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2028:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
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1933:
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1621:Richardson III
1618:
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1290:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1238:William Harper
1221:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:Legal offices
1173:
1172:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1142:External links
1140:
1139:
1138:
1124:Chisholm, Hugh
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1064:
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1023:
1005:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
938:
926:
916:
915:
913:
910:
908:inseparable."
867:Samuel A. Foot
855:Daniel Webster
830:
827:
780:Hayne died in
777:
774:
692:
689:
683:, in 1848 and
616:
613:
590:Langdon Cheves
586:South Carolina
577:
574:
566:Daniel Webster
554:compact theory
550:states' rights
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
503:
502:
499:
495:
494:
487:
483:
482:
475:
474:Branch/service
471:
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458:
457:
450:
446:
445:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
421:
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411:
405:(aged 47)
399:
395:
394:
391:South Carolina
376:
374:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
360:
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349:
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324:
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308:
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150:South Carolina
141:
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129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
96:
95:
88:
87:
80:
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64:
63:
53:
52:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3206:
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2037:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
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1942:
1939:
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1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:Richardson II
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
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1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:J. Richardson
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
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1326:
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1312:
1307:
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1300:
1299:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:William Smith
1239:
1235:
1234:John Gaillard
1227:
1226:
1219:
1218:William Smith
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1119:public domain
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
948:
942:
936:
930:
921:
917:
909:
907:
904:forever, one
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
856:
852:
851:Massachusetts
847:
845:
841:
840:SimĂłn BolĂvar
837:
826:
824:
823:
818:
815:
810:
808:
803:
800:
798:
797:Dallas, Texas
794:
790:
785:
783:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:nullification
747:
741:
738:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:James Gadsden
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
650:
645:
641:
636:
634:
633:state militia
630:
626:
622:
612:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:nullification
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
514:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
484:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:
440:
437:
433:
427:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
400:
396:
392:
375:
371:
366:
362:
356:
351:
348:
343:
340:
339:Patrick Noble
337:
331:
328:
325:
319:
316:
312:
309:
305:
299:
294:
291:
286:
283:
280:
274:
270:
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
244:
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232:
229:
226:
220:
217:
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208:
202:
197:
194:
189:
186:
183:
177:
174:
173:William Smith
171:
165:
159:
154:
151:
146:
142:
139:
136:
130:
127:
124:
118:
114:
112:
108:
102:
97:
94:
89:
84:
81:
75:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2849:
2574:Cogswell Jr.
2559:Schirmer Jr.
2554:Gaillard Jr.
2403:
2359:Hamilton Jr.
1890:
1475:
1274:
1232:
1223:
1189:
1165:
1131:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1032:
1026:
1008:
998:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
941:
929:
920:
905:
901:
897:
895:
880:
864:
848:
832:
821:
817:Liberty ship
814:World War II
811:
804:
801:
786:
779:
759:
743:
740:appreciated.
736:
733:
721:
694:
654:
647:
637:
618:
598:
579:
521:
520:
506:Battles/wars
403:(1839-09-24)
354:
334:Succeeded by
297:
277:Succeeded by
242:
223:Succeeded by
200:
180:Succeeded by
157:
133:Succeeded by
100:
78:Succeeded by
57:
18:
3114:1839 deaths
3109:1791 births
3013:Saltonstall
2870:R. Williams
2823:(1816–1947)
2778:Chamberlain
2643:J. Williams
2633:J. Williams
2626:(1816–1947)
2569:Tecklenburg
2329:Bennett Jr.
2274:de Saussure
2254:Vanderhorst
2234:Vanderhorst
1926:De Saussure
1721:R. Williams
1666:Manning III
1586:Chamberlain
1471:J. Hamilton
1431:D. Williams
1411:C. Pinckney
1406:P. Hamilton
1391:E. Rutledge
1386:C. Pinckney
1381:Vanderhorst
1371:C. Pinckney
1366:T. Pinckney
1346:J. Rutledge
1336:J. Rutledge
1209:U.S. Senate
900:union, now
885:was only a
871:Connecticut
737:ex-cathedra
687:, in 1853.
625:War of 1812
510:War of 1812
322:Preceded by
315:John Geddes
267:Preceded by
256:John Geddes
216:James Lloyd
211:Preceded by
168:Preceded by
121:Preceded by
68:Preceded by
3103:Categories
2668:Crittenden
2544:Wehman Jr.
2479:Cunningham
2434:Hutchinson
2424:Hutchinson
2309:Dawson Jr.
2299:Winstanley
1551:F. Pickens
1531:J. Manning
1436:A. Pickens
1280:1832–1834
1195:1818–1822
1088:McDuffie,
912:References
594:Charleston
466:Allegiance
435:Profession
419:Democratic
383:1791-11-10
111:Lieutenant
3033:Goldwater
2935:McPherson
2925:McPherson
2885:Fairfield
2840:Pleasants
2783:Wadsworth
2564:Riley Jr.
2489:Courtenay
2469:Pillsbury
2429:Schnierle
2419:Schnierle
2111:Patterson
2096:A. Butler
2061:P. Butler
1951:M. Butler
1946:Robertson
1861:P. Butler
1736:Timmerman
1711:Jefferies
1691:Blackwood
1641:McSweeney
1456:Manning I
1421:Middleton
449:Signature
425:Spouse(s)
355:In office
298:In office
243:In office
205:1825–1832
201:In office
158:In office
101:In office
91:54th
58:In office
46:Intendant
3043:Thurmond
2975:Trammell
2860:Southard
2798:Reynolds
2793:Sheppard
2773:Johnston
2748:Walthall
2728:Randolph
2653:Harrison
2549:Morrison
2539:Lockwood
2459:Cogswell
2449:Gaillard
2414:Mintzing
2409:Pinckney
2394:Pinckney
2384:Pinckney
2369:Prioleau
2166:Hollings
2156:Johnston
2146:E. Smith
2131:McLaurin
2091:McDuffie
2076:W. Smith
2066:Gaillard
2016:Thurmond
2006:Thurmond
1936:A. Hayne
1916:Barnwell
1891:R. Hayne
1886:W. Smith
1871:Pinckney
1796:McMaster
1771:Campbell
1741:Hollings
1726:Thurmond
1716:Johnston
1696:Johnston
1686:Richards
1616:Sheppard
1611:Thompson
1521:Seabrook
1481:McDuffie
1376:Moultrie
1361:Moultrie
1035:, p.217.
875:surveyed
820:SS
697:Democrat
439:Attorney
307:Governor
252:Governor
86:as Mayor
3023:Stennis
3018:Russell
3008:Russell
3003:Tydings
2970:F. Hale
2960:Swanson
2955:Tillman
2950:Perkins
2945:E. Hale
2940:Cameron
2930:Cameron
2920:Sargent
2905:J. Hale
2900:Mallory
2835:Sanford
2768:du Pont
2758:Proctor
2723:Spencer
2708:Johnson
2693:Shields
2663:Preston
2648:Jackson
2534:Maybank
2474:Wagener
2444:Macbeth
2389:Pringle
2379:Gadsden
2374:Johnson
2349:Stevens
2324:McCalla
2304:Cochran
2294:Drayton
2269:Edwards
2244:Lowndes
2161:Russell
2136:Latimer
2116:Hampton
2101:Hammond
2086:Preston
2056:Colhoun
2039:Class 3
2011:Wofford
1996:Maybank
1986:Lumpkin
1966:Pollock
1956:Tillman
1941:Chesnut
1906:Calhoun
1896:Calhoun
1854:Class 2
1786:Sanford
1776:Beasley
1761:Edwards
1746:Russell
1701:Maybank
1646:Heyward
1636:Ellerbe
1626:Tillman
1596:Simpson
1591:Hampton
1561:Magrath
1541:Allston
1516:Johnson
1506:Hammond
1496:Henagan
1446:Bennett
1416:Drayton
1396:Drayton
1356:Guerard
1351:Mathews
1341:Lowndes
1121::
1019:2674506
891:nullify
887:compact
629:Captain
490:Captain
443:Soldier
3083:Inhofe
3078:McCain
3068:Warner
3058:Warner
3048:Warner
2998:Gurney
2915:Cragin
2910:Grimes
2880:Bayard
2875:Mangum
2855:Dallas
2803:Thomas
2763:Warren
2753:Hawley
2743:Hawley
2738:Sewell
2713:Wilson
2698:Weller
2683:Benton
2673:Benton
2658:Benton
2529:Stoney
2499:Ficken
2364:Geddes
2344:Geddes
2264:Holmes
2239:Grimké
2229:Hutson
2171:DeMint
2106:Sawyer
2081:Miller
2071:Harper
2021:Graham
2001:Daniel
1981:Byrnes
1976:Blease
1911:Elmore
1881:Taylor
1876:Sumter
1866:Hunter
1781:Hodges
1751:McNair
1731:Byrnes
1706:Harley
1681:McLeod
1676:Harvey
1671:Cooper
1656:Blease
1606:Hagood
1556:Bonham
1486:Butler
1466:Miller
1461:Taylor
1451:Wilson
1441:Geddes
1426:Alston
1115:
1017:
560:; his
556:, and
3073:Levin
3063:Levin
3053:Levin
3028:Tower
2980:Walsh
2890:Yulee
2865:Rives
2850:Hayne
2845:Lloyd
2733:Logan
2718:Logan
2703:Davis
2688:Davis
2638:Troup
2524:Grace
2514:Grace
2509:Rhett
2504:Smyth
2494:Bryan
2464:Clark
2454:Burns
2439:Miles
2404:Hayne
2399:North
2354:Horry
2339:Horry
2334:Smith
2319:Rouse
2279:Roper
2259:Huger
2249:Jones
2176:Scott
2126:Earle
2046:Izard
1991:Peace
1961:Benet
1931:Evans
1921:Rhett
1901:Huger
1791:Haley
1766:Riley
1661:Smith
1651:Ansel
1631:Evans
1601:Jeter
1581:Moses
1576:Scott
1566:Perry
1536:Adams
1526:Means
1511:Aiken
1491:Noble
1476:Hayne
1015:JSTOR
844:Spain
564:with
148:from
44:32nd
3088:Reed
3038:Nunn
2965:Page
2895:Gwin
2830:Tait
2788:Reed
2678:Cass
2519:Hyde
2484:Sale
2314:Boyd
2289:Deas
2284:Ward
2151:Hall
2141:Gary
2121:Irby
2051:Read
1971:Dial
1756:West
1546:Gist
812:The
544:and
498:Unit
486:Rank
410:, US
398:Died
393:, US
373:Born
1571:Orr
1130:".
906:and
902:and
898:and
869:of
862:.
621:bar
592:in
48:of
3105::
1244:,
1240:,
1236:,
1164:.
695:A
596:.
584:,
572:.
552:,
441:,
2608:e
2601:t
2594:v
2210:e
2203:t
2196:v
1839:e
1832:t
1825:v
1317:e
1310:t
1303:v
1170:.
949:.
385:)
381:(
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