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Mundell won the Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1999 and gave as his prize lecture a speech titled "A Reconsideration of the Twentieth Century". According to the Nobel Prize Committee, he got the honour for "his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes
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between the
European states. He declared that "it would be insane to have a central European authority that controls all the taxes and duties of the states ... controlled in the Union. This transfer of sovereignty is far too big". He also voiced his opposition to the prospect that countries could be
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Mundell concluded in that lecture that "the international monetary system depends only on the power configuration of the countries that make it up". He divided the entire twentieth century into three parts by different periods of time:
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Mundell, though lionized by some conservatives, has many of his harshest critics from the right: he denied the need for a fixed gold-based currency or currency board (he still often recommended this as a policy in
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627:, and that Bretton Woods disintegrated because of the undervaluing of gold and the consequent monetary discipline breakdown. There is a famous point/counterpoint over this issue between Mundell and
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through his pioneering work in monetary dynamics and optimum currency forms for which he won the 1999 Nobel Prize in
Economics. During this time he continued to serve as an economic adviser to the
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would expand to cover 50 countries, while the U.S. dollar would spread throughout Latin
America, and much of Asia would look towards the yen. Such predictions have proved highly inaccurate.
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The first third of the century, from its beginning to the Great
Depression of the 1930s, economics was dominated by the confrontation of the Federal Reserve System with the gold standard.
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929:, Italy, starting the late 1970s. He had two sons and a daughter from an earlier marriage. One of his sons had predeceased him in a car accident. Mundell died on April 4, 2021, from
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With the destruction of the old monetary system, a new international monetary system was finally founded. Controlling inflation by each country became a main topic during this era.
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707:. They would thus be forced to resort to other means to curtail unemployment, such as deregulating businesses, privatizing state industries, cutting taxes, and weakening the
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deficit hawk. He is well known for stating that in a floating exchange rate system, expansion of the money supply can come about only by a positive balance of payments.
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2016:
Conference on the New
International Monetary System; Mundell, Robert A; Polak, J. J; Fleming, J. Marcus; International Monetary Fund; Columbia University, eds. (1977).
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The second third of the century was from World War II to 1973, when the international monetary system was dominated by fixing the price of gold with the US dollar.
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From 1974 until his death he had been a professor in the
Economics department at Columbia University; and from 2001 he had held Columbia's highest academic rank –
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421:. Mundell returned to academics as professor of economics at the University of Chicago from 1966 to 1971, and then served as professor during summers at the
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331:. He completed his high school education in British Columbia where he was known to have participated in boxing and chess events during this time.
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323:, Canada, to Lila Teresa (née Hamilton) and William Mundell. His mother was an heiress while his father was a military officer and taught at the
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642:" so long as highly progressive income tax rates applied. In 1974, he advocated a drastic tax reduction and a flattening of income tax rates.
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Single currency zones relied, therefore, on similar levels of price stability, where a single monetary policy would suffice for all.
327:. He spent his early years in a farm in Ontario and moved to British Columbia with his family when his father retired at the end of
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affirms that
Mundell advocated for the euro because its implementation would have the effect of removing democratic control over
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series. He was also a special guest making the ceremonial first move in Game Five of the 2010 World Chess
Championship between
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his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas.
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681:" for his early work encouraging a European monetary union. Starting in the 1960s, Mundell supported the constitution of a
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In the 1960s, Mundell's native Canada floated its exchange rate: this caused
Mundell to begin investigating the results of
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The last third of the century started with the destruction of the old monetary system due to the problem of inflation.
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free capital flows: no more than two of those objectives could be met. The model is, in effect, an extension of the
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2015:
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of exchange rates, and noted that it was impossible to have domestic autonomy, fixed exchange rates,
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and the governments of Canada and other countries. He was the Distinguished Professor-at-Large of
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544:). Nevertheless, supply-side economics featured prominently in his Bank of Sweden prize speech.
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in 1998. In June 2005 he was awarded the Global Economics Prize World Economics Institute in
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1409:; Revue Canadienne d'Economique et de Science Politique, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 475–485, 1963
8:
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many times, mainly speaking on euro-related topics and other European financial issues.
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865:'s memoir at random moments throughout the show. In November 2005 he told a series of
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until 1975. In 1989, he was appointed to the post of Repap Professor of Economics at
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on "Ways My Life has Changed Since Winning the Nobel Prize." In March 2004 he told "
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Cavaliere di Gran Croce del Reale Ordine del Merito sotto il Titolo di San Ludovico
335:
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Capital Mobility, and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates
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Mundell was married to Velerie Natsios-Mundell. The couple had a son and lived in
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Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
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1628:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999"
1370:"Robert Mundell, the intellectual father of supply-side economics, is dead at 88"
1118:"Robert Mundell, the intellectual father of supply-side economics, is dead at 88"
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1146:"Robert Mundell, Canadian-born Nobel laureate who inspired the euro, dies at 88"
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1839:"Anand is World Chess Champion 2010! (with photos closing ceremony) | Chessdom"
1345:"Robert Mundell and the Theoretical Foundation for the European Monetary Union"
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532:; however, in economics it is for his work on currency areas and international
438:
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861:" jokes. In September 2004 he appeared again, this time to read excerpts from
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1251:"[UW-News-Release] UW awards 11 honorary degrees at convocation"
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and his prediction that leaving the Bretton Woods system would lead to "
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Economista canadiense. Profesor en la Columbia University de New York.
1319:
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His analysis led to his conclusion that it was a disagreement between
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Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
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1997:
Monetary theory; inflation, interest, and growth in the world economy
1918:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
1474:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
1181:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
502:
273:
433:. In the 1970s, he laid the groundwork for the introduction of the
689:
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1972 to 1974 and since 1974 he had been Professor of Economics at
377:
from 1965 to 1972, Chairman of the Department of Economics at the
365:
In 2006 Mundell earned an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the
319:
Mundell was born Robert Alexander Mundell on October 24, 1932, in
125:
Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland
1794:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1776:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1758:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1740:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1722:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1704:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1397:; The American Economic Review, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 657–665, 1961
953:
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83:
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In his 2012 article "Robert Mundell, evil genius of the euro",
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426:
849:. His first appearance was on October 17, 2002, where he gave
750:. Mundell's honorary professorships and fellowships were from
2184:
922:
79:
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678:
635:
483:
434:
385:. He also held the post of Repap Professor of Economics at
296:
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Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
1218:"Robert Mundell Helped Inspire U.S. Tax Cuts and the Euro"
1678:"University Named After 'Father of the Euro' Inaugurated"
840:
714:
In 2014, Mundell voiced his opposition to proposals of a
351:
291:
in 1999 for his pioneering work in monetary dynamics and
2068:
Single Global Currency Association – Bretton Woods 2024
1552:"Robert Mundell, evil genius of the euro | Greg Palast"
1025:
Essays in the theory of international capital movements
401:. After completing his post-doctoral fellowship at the
1863:
1607:"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Robert A. Mundell"
1585:"Vater des Euro fleht: Eurozone muss zurĂĽck auf "Los""
873:
nominated song lyrics, the night before CBS aired the
411:
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
3634:
Academic staff of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
1945:"Addio a Robert Mundell, premio Nobel per l'economia"
623:
over the rate of inflation, partially to finance the
524:
Mundell is best known in politics for his support of
1523:
Mark Milner and Charlotte Denny (January 14, 2000).
1314:
1312:
795:
Mundell International University of Entrepreneurship
1953:(in Italian). Milan (published April 5, 2021). 2021
1812:"Robert Mundell on Pimm Fox's Bloomberg Television"
417:during 1959–1961. In 1961, he went on to staff the
2017:
1994:
369:. He was Professor of Economics and Editor of the
272:(October 24, 1932 – April 4, 2021) was a Canadian
2163:Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1864:Doggers (PeterDoggers), Peter (August 31, 2011).
1309:
1006:Nobel Prize Winners from Johns Hopkins University
677:Robert Mundell was considered the "father of the
3615:
2090:The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1087:"Economist Mundell: Odds of Greek Euro Exit 25%"
735:in 1999. In 2002 he was made a Companion of the
551:, a phenomenon not widely seen since the 1930s "
2001:. Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Goodyear Pub. Co.
519:
3406:
1320:"Biography | The Works of Robert Mundell"
3392:
2711:
2200:
1782:on December 15, 2005 – via www.cbs.com.
1764:on February 23, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
933:, a cancer of the bile duct. He was aged 89.
813:and his analysis of optimum currency areas".
3734:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
3704:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
2731:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1728:on October 17, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
1525:"The new endangered species | Business"
980:
978:
976:
974:
790:by Principe Don Carlo Ugo di Borbone Parma.
688:In 2000, he predicted that before 2010, the
494:Historical research on the operation of the
1710:on August 15, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
650:environments) and he was both a fiscal and
634:This work later led to the creation of the
423:Graduate Institute of International Studies
3399:
3385:
2718:
2704:
2207:
2193:
2103:
1040:"Rudi Dornbusch | by Stanley Fischer"
988:
295:. Mundell is known as the "father" of the
31:
1115:
1001:
999:
971:
905:. He also played the opening move at the
834:
685:and pushed for the creation of the euro.
289:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
3639:Alumni of the London School of Economics
1969:
1800:on May 16, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
1746:on May 16, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
482:Contributions to the development of the
405:in 1957, he began teaching economics at
2095:The Kiel Institute Global Economy Prize
2038:
2024:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1992:
1975:
1915:
1471:
1215:
1178:
1037:
869:'s jokes. On February 7, 2006, he read
350:in Seattle. He went on to complete his
3659:Chinese University of Hong Kong people
3616:
1889:
1549:
996:
786:, and in September 2005 he was made a
608:under a floating exchange rate system.
3380:
2699:
2188:
2116:The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
2020:The new international monetary system
1339:
1337:
1211:
1209:
1143:
1056:
1028:page 3. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
959:List of University of Waterloo people
776:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
722:
672:
356:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
276:. He was a professor of economics at
180:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3744:Journal of Political Economy editors
3739:Vancouver School of Economics alumni
1866:"Carlsen secures victory in Nanjing"
1836:
1288:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1116:Halaschak, Zachary (April 5, 2021).
1081:
1079:
857:" jokes, followed in May 2004 with "
683:European Economic and Monetary Union
604:would be ineffective in restraining
455:United States Department of Treasury
1452:"Economist says tie dollar to U.S."
1216:Hagerty, James R. (April 9, 2021).
1038:Fischer, Stanley (August 9, 2002).
488:Helped start the movement known as
472:Among his major contributions are:
459:The Chinese University of Hong Kong
346:, and went on a scholarship to the
13:
1395:A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas
1334:
1322:. Robertmundell.net. June 24, 2010
1206:
719:liable for other countries' debt.
657:In 2000, Mundell recommended that
14:
3755:
3669:Companions of the Order of Canada
2056:
1163:
1076:
1057:Warsh, David (November 1, 2009).
756:University of Southern California
754:, the University of Chicago, the
733:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
585:According to Mundell's analysis:
358:while continuing to study at the
303:. Mundell was also known for the
241:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
3699:Johns Hopkins University faculty
2136:Works by or about Robert Mundell
2120:Library of Economics and Liberty
1892:"The Zeus Of Economics Has Died"
912:
338:in economics and Russian at the
325:Royal Military College of Canada
2807:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
1937:
1909:
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1804:
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1444:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1362:
1273:
1243:
597:than to the discipline of gold.
282:Chinese University of Hong Kong
145:Chinese University of Hong Kong
3679:Deaths from cholangiocarcinoma
2214:
1916:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1550:Palast, Greg (June 26, 2012).
1472:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1179:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1144:Moran, Nancy (April 5, 2021).
1137:
1109:
1050:
1031:
1017:
945:- suggested by Robert Mundell.
846:Late Show with David Letterman
344:University of British Columbia
168:University of British Columbia
16:Canadian economist (1932–2021)
1:
3729:University of Chicago faculty
3719:People from Kingston, Ontario
3674:Deaths from cancer in Tuscany
1281:"Biography of Robert Mundell"
964:
907:Pearl Spring Chess Tournament
887:Mundell has also appeared on
463:The dollar and the policy mix
340:Vancouver School of Economics
314:
3714:Nobel laureates in Economics
2112:"Robert A. Mundell (1932– )"
774:. He became a Fellow of the
742:In 1992, Mundell received a
520:International monetary flows
371:Journal of Political Economy
117:(1959–61, 1997–98, 2000–01)
7:
3664:Columbia University faculty
1816:The Works of Robert Mundell
936:
582:applied to currency rates.
461:. His 1971 Princeton tract
419:International Monetary Fund
10:
3760:
2799:Friedrich August von Hayek
2039:Mundell, Robert A (1968).
1993:Mundell, Robert A (1971).
1976:Mundell, Robert A (1968).
1587:(in German). July 29, 2014
993:, accessed 11 October 2020
809:, is named in his honour.
807:People's Republic of China
772:Renmin University of China
764:University of Pennsylvania
465:is credited with founding
360:London School of Economics
176:London School of Economics
3541:
3522:
3503:
3478:
3459:
3435:
3416:
3197:Christopher A. Pissarides
3071:
2820:
2737:
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2506:
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2224:
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2063:Robert Mundell's homepage
1980:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1420:"Mundell-Friedman debate"
1011:January 16, 2013, at the
880:Mundell also appeared on
392:
258:
247:
236:
217:
197:
185:
163:
151:
110:
100:
95:
91:
68:
42:
30:
23:
3694:International economists
3649:Canadian Nobel laureates
3469:Médecins Sans Frontières
889:China Central Television
727:Mundell was awarded the
536:that he was awarded the
469:(Bartlett 1971, p 101).
415:Johns Hopkins University
348:University of Washington
265:Robert Alexander Mundell
172:University of Washington
115:Johns Hopkins University
47:Robert Alexander Mundell
3515:(Germany/United States)
2576:Stephany Griffith-Jones
2043:. New York: Macmillan.
2041:International economics
1507:"ONE WORLD, ONE MONEY?"
593:was more due to the US
555:" successfully lobbied
549:floating exchange rates
540:by the Bank of Sweden (
253:IDEAS / RePEc
3724:Supply-side economists
3547:Nobel Prize recipients
3505:Physiology or Medicine
3494:Martinus J. G. Veltman
2388:John Kenneth Galbraith
2073:June 28, 2019, at the
1059:"What The Woman Lived"
855:You might be a redneck
835:Television appearances
478:optimum currency areas
379:University of Waterloo
367:University of Waterloo
293:optimum currency areas
226:Optimum currency areas
130:University of Waterloo
3654:Cato Institute people
2918:James M. Buchanan Jr.
1970:Selected publications
752:Brookings Institution
744:Docteur Honoris Causa
729:Guggenheim Fellowship
589:Discipline under the
572:Mundell–Fleming model
570:, he co-authored the
530:supply-side economics
509:Mundell–Fleming model
490:supply-side economics
467:supply-side economics
451:Federal Reserve Board
403:University of Chicago
375:University of Chicago
305:Mundell–Fleming model
301:supply-side economics
222:Mundell–Fleming model
158:Supply-side economics
120:University of Chicago
3181:Oliver E. Williamson
2811:Tjalling C. Koopmans
2478:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
1682:english.china.org.cn
882:Bloomberg Television
839:Mundell appeared on
591:Bretton Woods system
566:In 1962, along with
514:Mundell–Tobin effect
476:Theoretical work on
399:University Professor
309:Mundell–Tobin effect
192:Charles Kindleberger
3709:Monetary economists
3644:Canadian economists
3209:Christopher A. Sims
3137:Thomas C. Schelling
3109:Robert F. Engle III
3010:Robert E. Lucas Jr.
2858:Theodore W. Schultz
2683:Keynesian economics
2232:John Maynard Keynes
1890:Domitrovic, Brian.
1432:on January 18, 2012
1374:Washington Examiner
1222:Wall Street Journal
1123:Washington Examiner
1063:Economic Principals
748:University of Paris
705:Keynesian economics
652:balance of payments
447:European Commission
407:Stanford University
383:Columbia University
278:Columbia University
140:Columbia University
3125:Edward C. Prescott
3113:Clive W.J. Granger
3089:Joseph E. Stiglitz
3062:Daniel L. McFadden
2950:Harry M. Markowitz
2383:James K. Galbraith
2320:Arthur Melvin Okun
2177:Daniel L. McFadden
2102:on Nobelprize.org
1923:The New York Times
1845:on August 19, 2012
1684:. October 29, 2004
1478:The New York Times
1255:lists.uwaterloo.ca
1185:The New York Times
1097:on August 10, 2018
987:on Nobelprize.org
949:List of economists
943:Redundancy problem
931:cholangiocarcinoma
875:48th Grammy Awards
867:Rodney Dangerfield
723:Awards and honours
673:Father of the euro
105:Monetary economics
3611:
3610:
3524:Economic Sciences
3374:
3373:
3273:Richard H. Thaler
3237:Robert J. Shiller
3233:Lars Peter Hansen
3205:Thomas J. Sargent
3193:Dale T. Mortensen
3085:A. Michael Spence
3081:George A. Akerlof
3050:Robert A. Mundell
3018:James A. Mirrlees
2986:Douglass C. North
2958:William F. Sharpe
2910:Franco Modigliani
2886:George J. Stigler
2870:Lawrence R. Klein
2759:Paul A. Samuelson
2693:
2692:
2581:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
2526:Olivier Blanchard
2483:Anthony Thirlwall
2310:Franco Modigliani
2260:James Duesenberry
2183:
2182:
2170:Succeeded by
1978:Man and economics
1653:"Order of Canada"
1044:Project Syndicate
899:Viswanathan Anand
760:McGill University
709:social safety net
648:hyperinflationary
542:Sveriges Riksbank
498:in different eras
431:McGill University
387:McGill University
321:Kingston, Ontario
262:
261:
135:McGill University
61:Kingston, Ontario
3751:
3549:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3359:
3357:Philip H. Dybvig
3340:
3321:
3319:Robert B. Wilson
3306:
3296:Abhijit Banerjee
3287:
3281:William Nordhaus
3275:
3267:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3223:
3221:Lloyd S. Shapley
3211:
3199:
3189:Peter A. Diamond
3183:
3171:
3163:
3161:Roger B. Myerson
3147:
3145:Edmund S. Phelps
3139:
3133:Robert J. Aumann
3127:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3064:
3058:James J. Heckman
3052:
3044:
3036:
3034:Myron S. Scholes
3030:Robert C. Merton
3024:
3012:
3004:
2998:John F. Nash Jr.
2994:John C. Harsanyi
2988:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2954:Merton H. Miller
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2862:Sir Arthur Lewis
2852:
2850:Herbert A. Simon
2844:
2832:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2787:Wassily Leontief
2781:
2779:Kenneth J. Arrow
2769:
2761:
2753:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2681:
2656:Michael Woodford
2646:Lawrence Summers
2601:Maurice Obstfeld
2571:Robert J. Gordon
2493:Sidney Weintraub
2473:G. L. S. Shackle
2209:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2173:James J. Heckman
2153:Preceded by
2145:
2144:
2140:Internet Archive
2127:
2122:(2nd ed.).
2107:
2052:
2035:
2023:
2012:
2000:
1989:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1841:. Archived from
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1796:. Archived from
1790:
1784:
1783:
1778:. Archived from
1772:
1766:
1765:
1760:. Archived from
1754:
1748:
1747:
1742:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1724:. Archived from
1718:
1712:
1711:
1706:. Archived from
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1649:
1643:
1642:
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1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1425:. Archived from
1424:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1359:
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1355:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1297:on April 2, 2012
1296:
1290:. Archived from
1285:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1261:on April 2, 2015
1257:. Archived from
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1176:
1161:
1160:
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1156:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1093:. Archived from
1083:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1003:
994:
992:
982:
731:in 1971 and the
665:'s value to the
661:permanently tie
553:Stockholm School
336:Bachelor of Arts
287:He received the
271:
229:Research on the
204:Jacob A. Frenkel
75:
57:October 24, 1932
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
3759:
3758:
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3750:
3749:
3748:
3614:
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3612:
3607:
3545:
3537:
3518:
3499:
3488:Gerard 't Hooft
3474:
3455:
3431:
3412:
3405:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3353:Douglas Diamond
3343:
3324:
3309:
3290:
3278:
3270:
3265:Bengt Holmström
3258:
3250:
3242:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3186:
3174:
3166:
3150:
3142:
3130:
3121:Finn E. Kydland
3118:
3106:
3101:Vernon L. Smith
3097:Daniel Kahneman
3094:
3078:
3067:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3027:
3022:William Vickrey
3015:
3007:
3002:Reinhard Selten
2991:
2982:Robert W. Fogel
2979:
2971:
2966:Ronald H. Coase
2963:
2947:
2942:Trygve Haavelmo
2939:
2931:
2926:Robert M. Solow
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2855:
2847:
2835:
2830:Milton Friedman
2827:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2784:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2744:
2733:
2724:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2665:
2641:Joseph Stiglitz
2636:Andrei Shleifer
2626:Julio Rotemberg
2556:Stanley Fischer
2541:Richard Clarida
2536:Guillermo Calvo
2502:
2498:L. Randall Wray
2488:William Vickrey
2463:Steven Pressman
2418:Nicholas Kaldor
2398:Myron J. Gordon
2360:Post-Keynesians
2354:
2270:Trygve Haavelmo
2236:
2220:
2213:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2158:
2110:
2075:Wayback Machine
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1032:
1022:
1018:
1013:Wayback Machine
1004:
997:
983:
972:
967:
939:
915:
903:Veselin Topalov
851:The Top 10 List
837:
737:Order of Canada
725:
701:monetary policy
675:
629:Milton Friedman
595:Federal Reserve
522:
441:, the IMF, the
395:
317:
267:
228:
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212:Carmen Reinhart
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96:Academic career
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37:Mundell in 2011
26:
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3535:
3532:Robert Mundell
3528:
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3404:
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3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3365:Claudia Goldin
3360:
3341:
3334:Joshua Angrist
3322:
3307:
3304:Michael Kremer
3288:
3276:
3268:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3229:Eugene F. Fama
3224:
3212:
3200:
3184:
3172:
3164:
3157:Eric S. Maskin
3153:Leonid Hurwicz
3148:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
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3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
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3025:
3013:
3005:
2989:
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2974:Gary S. Becker
2969:
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2934:Maurice Allais
2929:
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2897:
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2842:James E. Meade
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2666:
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2653:
2651:John B. Taylor
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Robert Shiller
2628:
2623:
2618:
2616:Kenneth Rogoff
2613:
2608:
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2598:
2593:
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2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:George Akerlof
2512:
2510:
2508:New Keynesians
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:Abba P. Lerner
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:Michał Kalecki
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Michael Hudson
2405:
2403:Geoff Harcourt
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Victoria Chick
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:Paul Samuelson
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Robert Mundell
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Lawrence Klein
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:William Baumol
2252:
2250:Gardner Ackley
2246:
2244:
2242:Neo-Keynesians
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2189:
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2180:
2171:
2168:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2128:
2108:
2100:Robert Mundell
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2065:
2058:
2057:External links
2055:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2030:
2013:
2007:
1990:
1971:
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1936:
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1882:
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1829:
1818:. May 26, 2011
1803:
1785:
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1644:
1632:NobelPrize.org
1619:
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1150:Financial Post
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768:Bologna Center
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568:Marcus Fleming
534:exchange rates
521:
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3513:GĂĽnter Blobel
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3496:(Netherlands)
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3315:Paul Milgrom
3300:Esther Duflo
3253:Angus Deaton
3169:Paul Krugman
3072:2001–present
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2838:Bertil Ohlin
2661:Janet Yellen
2611:Ricardo Reis
2586:Paul Krugman
2566:Mark Gertler
2531:Alan Blinder
2521:Ben Bernanke
2448:Hyman Minsky
2413:Richard Kahn
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3245:Jean Tirole
3042:Amartya Sen
2878:James Tobin
2621:David Romer
2596:Marc Melitz
2591:Greg Mankiw
2546:Brad DeLong
2458:Basil Moore
2438:Marc Lavoie
2378:Evsey Domar
2350:James Tobin
2300:James Meade
2156:Amartya Sen
2131:IDEAS/RePEc
1822:December 1,
1512:. May 2001.
1265:January 13,
1101:December 1,
1068:October 17,
891:'s popular
697:Greg Palast
667:U.S. dollar
640:stagflation
625:Vietnam War
580:IS/LM model
409:, and then
249:Information
147:(2009–2021)
111:Institution
3618:Categories
3437:Literature
3330:David Card
3285:Paul Romer
2561:Jordi GalĂ
2433:Jan Kregel
2428:Steve Keen
2290:John Hicks
2280:Roy Harrod
2217:Keynesians
2031:0231043686
2008:0876205864
1837:chessdom.
1535:January 1,
1455:Retrieved
1436:January 1,
1326:January 1,
965:References
663:its dollar
443:World Bank
315:Early life
132:(1972–74)
122:(1965–72)
53:1932-10-24
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3418:Chemistry
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2551:Huw Dixon
1875:April 10,
1870:Chess.com
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280:and the
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198:Doctoral
186:Doctoral
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3480:Physics
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2670:Related
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2148:Awards
2138:at the
2126:. 2008.
1301:July 6,
954:Acmetal
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243:(1999)
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