466:
the case to allow the state court to rule whether the conviction should be reversed due to the change in state law. On April 9, 1965, Bell's conviction was reversed by the state Court of
Appeals and all of the students were cleared of all charges. The decision of the Supreme Court came just two days
727:
520:, 1980–82; and the Board of Directors, Judicial Institute of Maryland, 1982–84. In August 2006, Bell was named Chair of the National Center for State Courts’ Board of Directors. At the same time, Judge Bell also was named president of the Conference of Chief Justices.
475:
and passed the Civil Rights Act. It has been suggested that the
Supreme Court refrained from reaching the merits of the case in consideration of the pending civil rights legislation, as had it done so, it would have eliminated the basis for passing the Act.
714:
511:
In 1975, Bell was appointed to the
District Court of Maryland, District 1, in Baltimore City and served there until 1980. He was an Associate Judge, Baltimore City Circuit Court, 8th Judicial Circuit, from 1980 to 1984 when he was appointed to the
523:
In April 2013, Bell announced that he would be retiring on July 6, 2013. After reaching
Maryland's mandatory retirement age for state judges, 70, Bell retired from his position as Chief Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals on July 6, 2013.
516:. Seven years later he was appointed to the state's highest court and became the chief judge in 1996. He was a member, Court of Appeals Standing Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure from 1977 to 1982; Commission to Revise the
405:, where they were refused service and asked to leave. The students, including Bell, refused. He and the other students were arrested and convicted in the Circuit Court of Baltimore City for criminal trespassing, and fined $ 10. The
594:
34:
361:. Bell served as a judge at every level of the Maryland court system; and on July 6, 2013, reached the state's mandatory retirement age of 70 years for appellate and circuit court judges.
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421:. The appellants argued that the use of the state's trespassing laws to support segregation of public accommodations violated the
1114:
1129:
1094:
715:"The Warren Court's Struggle With the Sit-In Cases and the Constitutionality of Segregation in Places of Public Accommodations"
1079:
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458:, refused to rule whether the state's trespassing laws could be used to exclude blacks from public accommodations. The Court
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at a local restaurant. On June 17, 1960, the group of 12 students entered Hooper's
Restaurant, formerly located at
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536:
American Bar
Association D'Alemberte-Raven Award for Outstanding Leadership in Alternative Dispute Resolution
757:
687:
783:
370:
290:
539:
Legal
Excellence Award for Advancement of Public Service Responsibility from the Maryland Bar Foundation
517:
835:
1109:
447:
418:
377:, moved him and his two brothers to East Baltimore when he was one and a half years old. He attended
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446:(1964), the Supreme Court, noting that in the period since the students' conviction the
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425:. In 1962, the Court of Appeals upheld the decision of the circuit court.
807:"Chief Judge Robert M. Bell Retirement: Maryland Judiciary Press Release"
33:
472:
298:
333:
591:"Robert M. Bell, chief judge of Maryland Court of Appeals, retiring"
542:
Maryland
Network Against Domestic Violence Special Recognition Award
337:
906:
385:. As a 16-year-old, he and a group of students participated in a
548:
Maryland Legal
Services Corporation Medal for Access to Justice
386:
417:, to represent the students and appeal the conviction to the
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676:
674:
780:"Chief of Maryland Courts named to leadership of national"
564:
List of first minority male lawyers and judges in
Maryland
332:(born July 6, 1943) is an American lawyer and jurist from
671:
487:
in Baltimore in 1966 and while there became a brother in
653:"Students conduct sit-in at local restaurant; June 1960"
423:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
357:, a case that ultimately helped push the U.S. toward
340:. From 1996 to 2013, he served as Chief Judge on the
532:
Bell has also been the recipient of several awards:
782:. National Center for State Courts. Archived from
713:
1056:
351:At 16 years old, Bell was the lead plaintiff in
1100:Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Maryland
686:. teachingamericanhistorymd.net. Archived from
585:
583:
581:
579:
804:
908:Chief judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals
892:
836:Bell's profile at the Maryland State Archives
593:. articles.baltimoresun.com. April 13, 2013.
859:Chief Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals
576:
647:
645:
643:
503:and began his legal practice in Baltimore.
899:
885:
750:"Desegregation of Maryland's Restaurants:
32:
756:. Maryland State Archives. Archived from
707:
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479:Bell later attended and graduated with a
640:
616:
614:
612:
1120:People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
684:"Teaching American History in Maryland"
1057:
702:
1125:20th-century African-American lawyers
1090:21st-century African-American lawyers
880:
628:from the original on December 1, 2011
609:
813:from the original on October 4, 2013
711:
409:hired a team of lawyers, including
13:
730:from the original on March 4, 2016
597:from the original on July 22, 2013
506:
428:The case was then appealed to the
14:
1141:
829:
805:Theresa Thomas (April 17, 2013).
659:from the original on May 13, 2015
514:Maryland Court of Special Appeals
157:Maryland Court of Special Appeals
559:List of African-American jurists
545:Maryland Leadership in Law Award
432:, where Bell was represented by
499:in 1969. That same year he was
1115:Morgan State University alumni
798:
772:
742:
234:for District 1, Baltimore City
1:
1130:20th-century American lawyers
1095:21st-century American lawyers
454:laws and Congress passed the
364:
1080:21st-century American judges
1075:20th-century American judges
752:Robert Mack Bell v. Maryland
114:1991 – July 6, 2013
59:1996 – July 6, 2013
7:
720:Journal of Law and Politics
552:
371:Rocky Mount, North Carolina
291:Rocky Mount, North Carolina
10:
1146:
518:Annotated Code of Maryland
491:. He then was admitted to
381:with classmate and friend
16:American judge (born 1943)
1105:Harvard Law School alumni
914:
865:
856:
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527:
448:Maryland General Assembly
419:Maryland Court of Appeals
342:Maryland Court of Appeals
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102:Maryland Court of Appeals
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47:Maryland Court of Appeals
44:
40:
31:
21:
726:(Spring 2001): 373–407.
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456:Civil Rights Act of 1964
415:Juanita Jackson Mitchell
45:23rd Chief Judge of the
1085:African-American judges
485:Morgan State University
232:Maryland District Court
230:Associate Judge of the
198:Associate Judge of the
125:William Donald Schaefer
809:. courts.state.md.us.
624:. courts.state.md.us.
434:Constance Baker Motley
348:to hold the position.
346:first African American
655:. msa.maryland.gov.
495:where he earned his
452:public accommodation
304:Morgan State College
760:on October 20, 2008
712:Webster, McKenzie.
690:on October 20, 2008
501:admitted to the bar
373:, Bell's mother, a
869:Mary Ellen Barbera
493:Harvard Law School
403:downtown Baltimore
391:racial segregation
379:Dunbar High School
313:Harvard Law School
202:for Baltimore City
192:Diana Gribbon Motz
94:Mary Ellen Barbera
1052:
1051:
875:
874:
866:Succeeded by
622:"Justice Matters"
462:the decision and
430:U.S Supreme Court
411:Thurgood Marshall
383:Reginald F. Lewis
327:
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70:Parris Glendening
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1110:Maryland lawyers
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852:Robert C. Murphy
849:Preceded by
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483:in history from
481:Bachelor of Arts
443:Bell v. Maryland
354:Bell v. Maryland
330:Robert Mack Bell
288:
284:
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275:Robert Mack Bell
266:Personal details
252:
243:
220:
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149:Shirley M. Watts
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82:Robert C. Murphy
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507:Judicial career
489:Alpha Phi Omega
399:Fayette Streets
367:
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224:Harry R. Hughes
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844:Legal offices
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830:External links
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26:Robert M. Bell
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1070:Living people
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786:on 2008-08-28
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359:desegregation
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287:(age 81)
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256:Marvin Mandel
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200:Circuit Court
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155:Judge of the
153:
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137:Harry A. Cole
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100:Judge of the
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815:. Retrieved
800:
788:. Retrieved
784:the original
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
751:
744:
732:. Retrieved
723:
719:
692:. Retrieved
688:the original
661:. Retrieved
630:. Retrieved
599:. Retrieved
531:
522:
510:
497:Juris Doctor
478:
441:
427:
375:sharecropper
368:
352:
350:
329:
328:
285:July 6, 1943
251:Appointed by
240:
219:Appointed by
208:
187:Succeeded by
175:Appointed by
164:
144:Succeeded by
120:Appointed by
109:
89:Succeeded by
65:Nominated by
54:
1065:1943 births
389:to protest
132:Preceded by
77:Preceded by
1059:Categories
863:1996–2013
473:filibuster
467:after the
365:Background
299:Alma mater
281:1943-07-06
1009:Henderson
334:Baltimore
245:1975–1980
241:In office
213:1980–1984
209:In office
169:1984–1991
165:In office
110:In office
55:In office
23:Honorable
1014:Prescott
999:Sobeloff
969:McSherry
964:Robinson
929:Buchanan
817:July 20,
811:Archived
734:July 19,
728:Archived
694:July 20,
663:July 20,
657:Archived
632:July 20,
626:Archived
601:July 20,
595:Archived
553:See also
471:ended a
464:remanded
369:Born in
338:Maryland
1034:Barbera
1019:Hammond
994:Markell
989:Marbury
944:LeGrand
764:May 14,
460:vacated
450:passed
395:Charles
1024:Murphy
954:Bartol
939:Dorsey
934:Archer
919:Rumsey
790:May 4,
528:Awards
469:Senate
387:sit-in
293:, U.S.
1044:Fader
1039:Getty
1004:Brune
984:Sloan
959:Alvey
949:Bowie
924:Chase
570:Notes
440:. In
407:NAACP
1029:Bell
979:Bond
974:Boyd
819:2013
792:2008
766:2008
736:2013
696:2013
665:2013
634:2013
603:2013
436:and
413:and
397:and
271:Born
401:in
1061::
724:17
722:.
718:.
704:^
673:^
642:^
611:^
578:^
336:,
317:JD
308:AB
283:)
900:e
893:t
886:v
821:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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