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Mundell won the Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1999 and gave as his prize lecture a speech titled "A Reconsideration of the Twentieth Century". According to the Nobel Prize Committee, he got the honour for "his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes
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between the
European states. He declared that "it would be insane to have a central European authority that controls all the taxes and duties of the states ... controlled in the Union. This transfer of sovereignty is far too big". He also voiced his opposition to the prospect that countries could be
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Mundell concluded in that lecture that "the international monetary system depends only on the power configuration of the countries that make it up". He divided the entire twentieth century into three parts by different periods of time:
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Mundell, though lionized by some conservatives, has many of his harshest critics from the right: he denied the need for a fixed gold-based currency or currency board (he still often recommended this as a policy in
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638:, and that Bretton Woods disintegrated because of the undervaluing of gold and the consequent monetary discipline breakdown. There is a famous point/counterpoint over this issue between Mundell and
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through his pioneering work in monetary dynamics and optimum currency forms for which he won the 1999 Nobel Prize in
Economics. During this time he continued to serve as an economic adviser to the
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would expand to cover 50 countries, while the U.S. dollar would spread throughout Latin
America, and much of Asia would look towards the yen. Such predictions have proved highly inaccurate.
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The first third of the century, from its beginning to the Great
Depression of the 1930s, economics was dominated by the confrontation of the Federal Reserve System with the gold standard.
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940:, Italy, starting the late 1970s. He had two sons and a daughter from an earlier marriage. One of his sons had predeceased him in a car accident. Mundell died on April 4, 2021, from
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With the destruction of the old monetary system, a new international monetary system was finally founded. Controlling inflation by each country became a main topic during this era.
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718:. They would thus be forced to resort to other means to curtail unemployment, such as deregulating businesses, privatizing state industries, cutting taxes, and weakening the
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deficit hawk. He is well known for stating that in a floating exchange rate system, expansion of the money supply can come about only by a positive balance of payments.
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Conference on the New
International Monetary System; Mundell, Robert A; Polak, J. J; Fleming, J. Marcus; International Monetary Fund; Columbia University, eds. (1977).
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The second third of the century was from World War II to 1973, when the international monetary system was dominated by fixing the price of gold with the US dollar.
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From 1974 until his death he had been a professor in the
Economics department at Columbia University; and from 2001 he had held Columbia's highest academic rank –
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432:. Mundell returned to academics as professor of economics at the University of Chicago from 1966 to 1971, and then served as professor during summers at the
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342:. He completed his high school education in British Columbia where he was known to have participated in boxing and chess events during this time.
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334:, Canada, to Lila Teresa (née Hamilton) and William Mundell. His mother was an heiress while his father was a military officer and taught at the
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653:" so long as highly progressive income tax rates applied. In 1974, he advocated a drastic tax reduction and a flattening of income tax rates.
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Single currency zones relied, therefore, on similar levels of price stability, where a single monetary policy would suffice for all.
338:. He spent his early years in a farm in Ontario and moved to British Columbia with his family when his father retired at the end of
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affirms that
Mundell advocated for the euro because its implementation would have the effect of removing democratic control over
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series. He was also a special guest making the ceremonial first move in Game Five of the 2010 World Chess
Championship between
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his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas.
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692:" for his early work encouraging a European monetary union. Starting in the 1960s, Mundell supported the constitution of a
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In the 1960s, Mundell's native Canada floated its exchange rate: this caused
Mundell to begin investigating the results of
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The last third of the century started with the destruction of the old monetary system due to the problem of inflation.
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free capital flows: no more than two of those objectives could be met. The model is, in effect, an extension of the
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of exchange rates, and noted that it was impossible to have domestic autonomy, fixed exchange rates,
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and the governments of Canada and other countries. He was the Distinguished Professor-at-Large of
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555:). Nevertheless, supply-side economics featured prominently in his Bank of Sweden prize speech.
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in 1998. In June 2005 he was awarded the Global Economics Prize World Economics Institute in
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1420:; Revue Canadienne d'Economique et de Science Politique, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 475–485, 1963
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many times, mainly speaking on euro-related topics and other European financial issues.
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876:'s memoir at random moments throughout the show. In November 2005 he told a series of
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until 1975. In 1989, he was appointed to the post of Repap Professor of Economics at
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on "Ways My Life has Changed Since Winning the Nobel Prize." In March 2004 he told "
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Cavaliere di Gran Croce del Reale Ordine del Merito sotto il Titolo di San Ludovico
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Capital Mobility, and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates
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Mundell was married to Velerie Natsios-Mundell. The couple had a son and lived in
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Academic staff of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
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1639:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999"
1381:"Robert Mundell, the intellectual father of supply-side economics, is dead at 88"
1129:"Robert Mundell, the intellectual father of supply-side economics, is dead at 88"
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1157:"Robert Mundell, Canadian-born Nobel laureate who inspired the euro, dies at 88"
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1850:"Anand is World Chess Champion 2010! (with photos closing ceremony) | Chessdom"
1356:"Robert Mundell and the Theoretical Foundation for the European Monetary Union"
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543:; however, in economics it is for his work on currency areas and international
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872:" jokes. In September 2004 he appeared again, this time to read excerpts from
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1262:"[UW-News-Release] UW awards 11 honorary degrees at convocation"
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and his prediction that leaving the Bretton Woods system would lead to "
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Economista canadiense. Profesor en la Columbia University de New York.
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His analysis led to his conclusion that it was a disagreement between
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Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
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2008:
Monetary theory; inflation, interest, and growth in the world economy
1929:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
1485:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
1192:"Robert A. Mundell, a Father of the Euro and Reaganomics, Dies at 88"
513:
284:
444:. In the 1970s, he laid the groundwork for the introduction of the
700:
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1972 to 1974 and since 1974 he had been Professor of Economics at
388:
from 1965 to 1972, Chairman of the Department of Economics at the
376:
In 2006 Mundell earned an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the
330:
Mundell was born Robert Alexander Mundell on October 24, 1932, in
136:
Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland
1805:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1787:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1769:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1751:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1733:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1715:"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (Official Site) Watch on CBS"
1408:; The American Economic Review, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 657–665, 1961
964:
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In his 2012 article "Robert Mundell, evil genius of the euro",
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860:. His first appearance was on October 17, 2002, where he gave
761:. Mundell's honorary professorships and fellowships were from
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396:. He also held the post of Repap Professor of Economics at
307:
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Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
1229:"Robert Mundell Helped Inspire U.S. Tax Cuts and the Euro"
1689:"University Named After 'Father of the Euro' Inaugurated"
851:
725:
In 2014, Mundell voiced his opposition to proposals of a
362:
302:
in 1999 for his pioneering work in monetary dynamics and
2079:
Single Global Currency Association – Bretton Woods 2024
1563:"Robert Mundell, evil genius of the euro | Greg Palast"
1036:
Essays in the theory of international capital movements
412:. After completing his post-doctoral fellowship at the
1874:
1618:"John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Robert A. Mundell"
1596:"Vater des Euro fleht: Eurozone muss zurĂĽck auf "Los""
884:
nominated song lyrics, the night before CBS aired the
422:
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
3645:
Academic staff of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
1956:"Addio a Robert Mundell, premio Nobel per l'economia"
634:
over the rate of inflation, partially to finance the
535:
Mundell is best known in politics for his support of
1534:
Mark Milner and Charlotte Denny (January 14, 2000).
1325:
1323:
806:
Mundell International University of Entrepreneurship
1964:(in Italian). Milan (published April 5, 2021). 2021
1823:"Robert Mundell on Pimm Fox's Bloomberg Television"
428:during 1959–1961. In 1961, he went on to staff the
2028:
2005:
380:. He was Professor of Economics and Editor of the
283:(October 24, 1932 – April 4, 2021) was a Canadian
2174:Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1875:Doggers (PeterDoggers), Peter (August 31, 2011).
1320:
1017:Nobel Prize Winners from Johns Hopkins University
688:Robert Mundell was considered the "father of the
3626:
2101:The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1098:"Economist Mundell: Odds of Greek Euro Exit 25%"
746:in 1999. In 2002 he was made a Companion of the
562:, a phenomenon not widely seen since the 1930s "
2012:. Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Goodyear Pub. Co.
530:
3417:
1331:"Biography | The Works of Robert Mundell"
3403:
2722:
2211:
1793:on December 15, 2005 – via www.cbs.com.
1775:on February 23, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
944:, a cancer of the bile duct. He was aged 89.
824:and his analysis of optimum currency areas".
3745:Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
3715:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
2742:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
1739:on October 17, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
1536:"The new endangered species | Business"
991:
989:
987:
985:
801:by Principe Don Carlo Ugo di Borbone Parma.
699:In 2000, he predicted that before 2010, the
505:Historical research on the operation of the
1721:on August 15, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
661:environments) and he was both a fiscal and
645:This work later led to the creation of the
434:Graduate Institute of International Studies
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2729:
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1051:"Rudi Dornbusch | by Stanley Fischer"
999:
306:. Mundell is known as the "father" of the
42:
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1010:
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916:. He also played the opening move at the
845:
696:and pushed for the creation of the euro.
300:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
3650:Alumni of the London School of Economics
1980:
1811:on May 16, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
1757:on May 16, 2006 – via www.cbs.com.
493:Contributions to the development of the
416:in 1957, he began teaching economics at
2106:The Kiel Institute Global Economy Prize
2049:
2035:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2003:
1986:
1926:
1482:
1226:
1189:
1048:
880:'s jokes. On February 7, 2006, he read
361:in Seattle. He went on to complete his
14:
3670:Chinese University of Hong Kong people
3627:
1900:
1560:
1007:
797:, and in September 2005 he was made a
619:under a floating exchange rate system.
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2127:The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
2031:The new international monetary system
1350:
1348:
1222:
1220:
1154:
1067:
1039:page 3. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
970:List of University of Waterloo people
787:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
733:
683:
367:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
287:. He was a professor of economics at
191:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3755:Journal of Political Economy editors
3750:Vancouver School of Economics alumni
1877:"Carlsen secures victory in Nanjing"
1847:
1299:The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1127:Halaschak, Zachary (April 5, 2021).
1092:
1090:
868:" jokes, followed in May 2004 with "
694:European Economic and Monetary Union
615:would be ineffective in restraining
466:United States Department of Treasury
1463:"Economist says tie dollar to U.S."
1227:Hagerty, James R. (April 9, 2021).
1049:Fischer, Stanley (August 9, 2002).
499:Helped start the movement known as
483:Among his major contributions are:
470:The Chinese University of Hong Kong
357:, and went on a scholarship to the
24:
1406:A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas
1345:
1333:. Robertmundell.net. June 24, 2010
1217:
730:liable for other countries' debt.
668:In 2000, Mundell recommended that
25:
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3680:Companions of the Order of Canada
2067:
1174:
1087:
1068:Warsh, David (November 1, 2009).
767:University of Southern California
765:, the University of Chicago, the
744:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
596:According to Mundell's analysis:
369:while continuing to study at the
314:. Mundell was also known for the
252:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
3710:Johns Hopkins University faculty
2147:Works by or about Robert Mundell
2131:Library of Economics and Liberty
1903:"The Zeus Of Economics Has Died"
923:
349:in economics and Russian at the
336:Royal Military College of Canada
2818:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
1948:
1920:
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1254:
608:than to the discipline of gold.
293:Chinese University of Hong Kong
156:Chinese University of Hong Kong
3690:Deaths from cholangiocarcinoma
2225:
1927:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1561:Palast, Greg (June 26, 2012).
1483:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1190:Redburn, Tom (April 5, 2021).
1155:Moran, Nancy (April 5, 2021).
1148:
1120:
1061:
1042:
1028:
956:- suggested by Robert Mundell.
857:Late Show with David Letterman
355:University of British Columbia
179:University of British Columbia
27:Canadian economist (1932–2021)
13:
1:
3740:University of Chicago faculty
3730:People from Kingston, Ontario
3685:Deaths from cancer in Tuscany
1292:"Biography of Robert Mundell"
975:
918:Pearl Spring Chess Tournament
898:Mundell has also appeared on
474:The dollar and the policy mix
351:Vancouver School of Economics
325:
3725:Nobel laureates in Economics
2123:"Robert A. Mundell (1932– )"
785:. He became a Fellow of the
753:In 1992, Mundell received a
531:International monetary flows
382:Journal of Political Economy
128:(1959–61, 1997–98, 2000–01)
7:
3675:Columbia University faculty
1827:The Works of Robert Mundell
947:
593:applied to currency rates.
472:. His 1971 Princeton tract
430:International Monetary Fund
10:
3771:
2810:Friedrich August von Hayek
2050:Mundell, Robert A (1968).
2004:Mundell, Robert A (1971).
1987:Mundell, Robert A (1968).
1598:(in German). July 29, 2014
1004:, accessed 11 October 2020
820:, is named in his honour.
818:People's Republic of China
783:Renmin University of China
775:University of Pennsylvania
476:is credited with founding
371:London School of Economics
187:London School of Economics
3552:
3533:
3514:
3489:
3470:
3446:
3427:
3208:Christopher A. Pissarides
3082:
2831:
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2517:
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2235:
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2074:Robert Mundell's homepage
1991:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1431:"Mundell-Friedman debate"
1022:January 16, 2013, at the
891:Mundell also appeared on
403:
269:
258:
247:
228:
208:
196:
174:
162:
121:
111:
106:
102:
79:
53:
41:
34:
3705:International economists
3660:Canadian Nobel laureates
3480:Médecins Sans Frontières
900:China Central Television
738:Mundell was awarded the
547:that he was awarded the
480:(Bartlett 1971, p 101).
426:Johns Hopkins University
359:University of Washington
276:Robert Alexander Mundell
183:University of Washington
126:Johns Hopkins University
58:Robert Alexander Mundell
3526:(Germany/United States)
2587:Stephany Griffith-Jones
2054:. New York: Macmillan.
2052:International economics
1518:"ONE WORLD, ONE MONEY?"
604:was more due to the US
566:" successfully lobbied
560:floating exchange rates
551:by the Bank of Sweden (
264:IDEAS / RePEc
3735:Supply-side economists
3558:Nobel Prize recipients
3516:Physiology or Medicine
3505:Martinus J. G. Veltman
2399:John Kenneth Galbraith
2084:June 28, 2019, at the
1070:"What The Woman Lived"
866:You might be a redneck
846:Television appearances
489:optimum currency areas
390:University of Waterloo
378:University of Waterloo
304:optimum currency areas
237:Optimum currency areas
141:University of Waterloo
3665:Cato Institute people
2929:James M. Buchanan Jr.
1981:Selected publications
763:Brookings Institution
755:Docteur Honoris Causa
740:Guggenheim Fellowship
600:Discipline under the
583:Mundell–Fleming model
581:, he co-authored the
541:supply-side economics
520:Mundell–Fleming model
501:supply-side economics
478:supply-side economics
462:Federal Reserve Board
414:University of Chicago
386:University of Chicago
316:Mundell–Fleming model
312:supply-side economics
233:Mundell–Fleming model
169:Supply-side economics
131:University of Chicago
3192:Oliver E. Williamson
2822:Tjalling C. Koopmans
2489:Pavlina R. Tcherneva
1693:english.china.org.cn
893:Bloomberg Television
850:Mundell appeared on
602:Bretton Woods system
577:In 1962, along with
525:Mundell–Tobin effect
487:Theoretical work on
410:University Professor
320:Mundell–Tobin effect
203:Charles Kindleberger
3720:Monetary economists
3655:Canadian economists
3220:Christopher A. Sims
3148:Thomas C. Schelling
3120:Robert F. Engle III
3021:Robert E. Lucas Jr.
2869:Theodore W. Schultz
2694:Keynesian economics
2243:John Maynard Keynes
1901:Domitrovic, Brian.
1443:on January 18, 2012
1385:Washington Examiner
1233:Wall Street Journal
1134:Washington Examiner
1074:Economic Principals
759:University of Paris
716:Keynesian economics
663:balance of payments
458:European Commission
418:Stanford University
394:Columbia University
289:Columbia University
151:Columbia University
3136:Edward C. Prescott
3124:Clive W.J. Granger
3100:Joseph E. Stiglitz
3073:Daniel L. McFadden
2961:Harry M. Markowitz
2394:James K. Galbraith
2331:Arthur Melvin Okun
2188:Daniel L. McFadden
2113:on Nobelprize.org
1934:The New York Times
1856:on August 19, 2012
1695:. October 29, 2004
1489:The New York Times
1266:lists.uwaterloo.ca
1196:The New York Times
1108:on August 10, 2018
998:on Nobelprize.org
960:List of economists
954:Redundancy problem
942:cholangiocarcinoma
886:48th Grammy Awards
878:Rodney Dangerfield
734:Awards and honours
684:Father of the euro
116:Monetary economics
3622:
3621:
3535:Economic Sciences
3385:
3384:
3284:Richard H. Thaler
3248:Robert J. Shiller
3244:Lars Peter Hansen
3216:Thomas J. Sargent
3204:Dale T. Mortensen
3096:A. Michael Spence
3092:George A. Akerlof
3061:Robert A. Mundell
3029:James A. Mirrlees
2997:Douglass C. North
2969:William F. Sharpe
2921:Franco Modigliani
2897:George J. Stigler
2881:Lawrence R. Klein
2770:Paul A. Samuelson
2704:
2703:
2592:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki
2537:Olivier Blanchard
2494:Anthony Thirlwall
2321:Franco Modigliani
2271:James Duesenberry
2194:
2193:
2181:Succeeded by
1989:Man and economics
1664:"Order of Canada"
1055:Project Syndicate
910:Viswanathan Anand
771:McGill University
720:social safety net
659:hyperinflationary
553:Sveriges Riksbank
509:in different eras
442:McGill University
398:McGill University
332:Kingston, Ontario
273:
272:
146:McGill University
72:Kingston, Ontario
18:Robert A. Mundell
16:(Redirected from
3762:
3560:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3370:
3368:Philip H. Dybvig
3351:
3332:
3330:Robert B. Wilson
3317:
3307:Abhijit Banerjee
3298:
3292:William Nordhaus
3286:
3278:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3234:
3232:Lloyd S. Shapley
3222:
3210:
3200:Peter A. Diamond
3194:
3182:
3174:
3172:Roger B. Myerson
3158:
3156:Edmund S. Phelps
3150:
3144:Robert J. Aumann
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3075:
3069:James J. Heckman
3063:
3055:
3047:
3045:Myron S. Scholes
3041:Robert C. Merton
3035:
3023:
3015:
3009:John F. Nash Jr.
3005:John C. Harsanyi
2999:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2965:Merton H. Miller
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2873:Sir Arthur Lewis
2863:
2861:Herbert A. Simon
2855:
2843:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2798:Wassily Leontief
2792:
2790:Kenneth J. Arrow
2780:
2772:
2764:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2692:
2667:Michael Woodford
2657:Lawrence Summers
2612:Maurice Obstfeld
2582:Robert J. Gordon
2504:Sidney Weintraub
2484:G. L. S. Shackle
2220:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2184:James J. Heckman
2164:Preceded by
2156:
2155:
2151:Internet Archive
2138:
2133:(2nd ed.).
2118:
2063:
2046:
2034:
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2011:
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1913:
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1863:
1861:
1852:. Archived from
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1838:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1807:. Archived from
1801:
1795:
1794:
1789:. Archived from
1783:
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1771:. Archived from
1765:
1759:
1758:
1753:. Archived from
1747:
1741:
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1735:. Archived from
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1723:
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1717:. Archived from
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1436:. Archived from
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1308:on April 2, 2012
1307:
1301:. Archived from
1296:
1288:
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1279:
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1272:on April 2, 2015
1268:. Archived from
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1104:. Archived from
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1065:
1059:
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1046:
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1026:
1014:
1005:
1003:
993:
742:in 1971 and the
676:'s value to the
672:permanently tie
564:Stockholm School
347:Bachelor of Arts
298:He received the
282:
240:Research on the
215:Jacob A. Frenkel
86:
68:October 24, 1932
67:
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46:
32:
31:
21:
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3386:
3381:
3373:
3364:Douglas Diamond
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3276:Bengt Holmström
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3141:
3132:Finn E. Kydland
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3112:Vernon L. Smith
3108:Daniel Kahneman
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3033:William Vickrey
3026:
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3013:Reinhard Selten
3002:
2993:Robert W. Fogel
2990:
2982:
2977:Ronald H. Coase
2974:
2958:
2953:Trygve Haavelmo
2950:
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2937:Robert M. Solow
2934:
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2918:
2910:
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2894:
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2878:
2866:
2858:
2846:
2841:Milton Friedman
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2652:Joseph Stiglitz
2647:Andrei Shleifer
2637:Julio Rotemberg
2567:Stanley Fischer
2552:Richard Clarida
2547:Guillermo Calvo
2513:
2509:L. Randall Wray
2499:William Vickrey
2474:Steven Pressman
2429:Nicholas Kaldor
2409:Myron J. Gordon
2371:Post-Keynesians
2365:
2281:Trygve Haavelmo
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1024:Wayback Machine
1015:
1008:
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983:
978:
950:
926:
914:Veselin Topalov
862:The Top 10 List
848:
748:Order of Canada
736:
712:monetary policy
686:
640:Milton Friedman
606:Federal Reserve
533:
452:, the IMF, the
406:
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223:Carmen Reinhart
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107:Academic career
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3543:Robert Mundell
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3376:Claudia Goldin
3371:
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3345:Joshua Angrist
3333:
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3315:Michael Kremer
3299:
3287:
3279:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3240:Eugene F. Fama
3235:
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3168:Eric S. Maskin
3164:Leonid Hurwicz
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2985:Gary S. Becker
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2945:Maurice Allais
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2669:
2664:
2662:John B. Taylor
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Robert Shiller
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Kenneth Rogoff
2624:
2619:
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2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
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2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:George Akerlof
2523:
2521:
2519:New Keynesians
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Abba P. Lerner
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Michał Kalecki
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Michael Hudson
2416:
2414:Geoff Harcourt
2411:
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2396:
2391:
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2381:
2379:Victoria Chick
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Paul Samuelson
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Robert Mundell
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Lawrence Klein
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:William Baumol
2263:
2261:Gardner Ackley
2257:
2255:
2253:Neo-Keynesians
2249:
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2170:
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2144:
2139:
2119:
2111:Robert Mundell
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2069:
2068:External links
2066:
2065:
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2047:
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2018:
2001:
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1947:
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1829:. May 26, 2011
1814:
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1643:NobelPrize.org
1630:
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1161:Financial Post
1147:
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996:Robert Mundell
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545:exchange rates
532:
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3507:(Netherlands)
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3311:Esther Duflo
3264:Angus Deaton
3180:Paul Krugman
3083:2001–present
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2672:Janet Yellen
2622:Ricardo Reis
2597:Paul Krugman
2577:Mark Gertler
2542:Alan Blinder
2532:Ben Bernanke
2459:Hyman Minsky
2424:Richard Kahn
2404:Wynne Godley
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3272:Oliver Hart
3256:Jean Tirole
3053:Amartya Sen
2889:James Tobin
2632:David Romer
2607:Marc Melitz
2602:Greg Mankiw
2557:Brad DeLong
2469:Basil Moore
2449:Marc Lavoie
2389:Evsey Domar
2361:James Tobin
2311:James Meade
2167:Amartya Sen
2142:IDEAS/RePEc
1833:December 1,
1523:. May 2001.
1276:January 13,
1112:December 1,
1079:October 17,
902:'s popular
708:Greg Palast
678:U.S. dollar
651:stagflation
636:Vietnam War
591:IS/LM model
420:, and then
260:Information
158:(2009–2021)
122:Institution
3629:Categories
3448:Literature
3341:David Card
3296:Paul Romer
2572:Jordi GalĂ
2444:Jan Kregel
2439:Steve Keen
2301:John Hicks
2291:Roy Harrod
2228:Keynesians
2042:0231043686
2019:0876205864
1848:chessdom.
1546:January 1,
1466:Retrieved
1447:January 1,
1337:January 1,
976:References
674:its dollar
454:World Bank
326:Early life
143:(1972–74)
133:(1965–72)
64:1932-10-24
3463:(Germany)
3429:Chemistry
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2832:1976–2000
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2738:Laureates
2562:Huw Dixon
1886:April 10,
1881:Chess.com
1575:0261-3077
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514:inflation
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630:and the
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291:and the
211:students
209:Doctoral
197:Doctoral
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2149:at the
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1312:July 6,
965:Acmetal
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