763:, participants' genuine and falsified emotions were studied to investigate behavioral and facial cues. Brinke and others found a significant difference in the presence of facial expressions in real and false remorse. With falsified emotions of remorse, they found that the participants experienced a greater range of emotions, which are close to genuine feelings, while deceptive descriptions of remorse were associated with positive emotions, such as happiness and surprise. The positive emotions felt by participants demonstrating a deceptive description of remorse are likely due to the leakage of genuine feelings from incomplete deception. Brinke and others established that participants appeared surprised because they could only raise their eyebrows when trying to appear sad, which then caused the participants to feel embarrassed, feel genuine happiness, and let a smile slip. In contrast to deceptive and falsified accounts, genuine accounts were expressed with fewer emotions. Participants showing deceptive or falsified emotions overcompensated their emotional performance. Genuine negative feelings of remorse leaked by the lower face were immediately covered up with a neutral expression. Brinke recorded a small number of body language and verbal cues for deceptive participants; instead, she recorded a large number of speech hesitations that cued deceptive and falsified accounts of remorse. Current findings of deceptive and falsified remorse have a practical use for measuring the veracity of remorseful displays for judges, jurors, parole officers, and psychologists when sentencing offenders.
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of guilt, regret, and sorrow. Forgiveness does not eliminate all negative feelings, but it may entail the reduction of bitter and angry feelings, not feelings of disappointment, regret, or sorrow. A study by Mickie Fisher found that people who forgive themselves for serious offenses may continue to harbor remorse or regret. In contrast to remorse, self-condemnation reflects a more global, negative, severe stance toward oneself. Remorse may convey a sense of sorrow, while self-condemnation suggests the kind of loathing and desire for punishment that characterizes interpersonal grudges. Fisher suggests that self-forgiveness does not necessarily require one to get rid of feelings or regret or remorse. Based on the study by Fisher, self-forgiveness seems to relate more closely to self-condemnation and not remorse. When trying to convince people to forgive themselves, it is crucial not to erase the potentially adaptive feelings of remorse along with the more destructive self-condemnation. People can grow and experience prosocial behaviors once they accept responsibility for their own transgressions. For genuine self-forgiveness, one must first accept responsibility for their offenses and not rush to rid themselves of guilty feelings.
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experiential, as these two purchases also result in different types of regret. While experiential purchases bring about regrets of a missed opportunity, material purchases result in buyer's remorse, which means that a person dwells on how their material purchase measure up to other purchases they could have made and how it compares with other people's purchases. These comparisons diminish satisfaction from the original purpose. Past research explains that regrets of action are intense, but only in the short term, while regrets of inaction gains intensity over time and dominates people's experience. Major life choices, such as marriage, jobs, and education, are often the focus of regret. Everyday experience suggests that everyday decisions are the most frequent causes of regret. Marketing directors know the effects of buyer's remorse, and use it to their advantage when planning marketing strategies. The regret felt over choosing a material over an experiential purchase depends on the pain of the factors underlying the purchase. Based on research by Thomas
Gilovich and Emily Rosenzwig, material purchases are more likely to lead to regret, while experiential purchases give the buyer more satisfaction even over time.
834:
psychopaths' empathic reaction initiated the same way it did for controls when they were instructed to empathize with the harmed individual, and the area of the brain relating to pain was activated when the psychopaths were asked to imagine how the harmed individual felt. The research suggests psychopaths can switch empathy on at will, which would enable them to be both callous and charming. The team who conducted the study say they do not know how to transform this willful empathy into the spontaneous empathy most people have, though they propose it might be possible to rehabilitate psychopaths by helping them to activate their "empathy switch". Others suggested that it remains unclear whether psychopaths' experience of empathy was the same as that of controls, and also questioned the possibility of devising therapeutic interventions that would make the empathic reactions more automatic.
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apologies and forgiveness and remorse as the essential part to an apology, one can expect empathy to mediate perceived remorse forgiveness. Remorse may signal that one is suffering psychologically because of one's negative behavior, which leads to empathy from the victim, who may then express forgiveness. In a study by James Davis and Greg Gold, 170 university students filled out questionnaires about forgiveness within interpersonal relationships. Davis and Gold's findings suggest that when a victim perceives an apology to be remorseful, then they believe the negative behavior will not occur again, and they will be more willing to forgive the perpetrator.
822:, data suggests that attributing psychopathic traits to adult and juvenile offenders can have a noticeable negative effect on how these individuals are viewed by others. Remorselessness, a key feature of psychopathy, proves to be a strong predictor of juror attitudes. In the study by John Edens, a pool of offenders were labeled as either having a "disorder" condition or having "no disorder". Those labeled as "disorder" were given death verdicts by mock jurors. In the study, traits, such as
830:, were a strong predictor of negative consequences for the offenders. This study found that remorselessness has the largest effect on the mock jurors' opinions of the "disorder" offenders and it explains support for the death sentence. The results of this study suggest that free of mental health testimonies, perceptions of a defendant's personality traits may have serious implications in the sentencing decisions of a capital case.
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900:, a clinical neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Without that awareness, people relying exclusively on reasoning seem to find it harder to sort their way through moral thickets. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability?"
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emotion. Theologians described it as 'a puncture provoked by the thorns of sins; it was like the spur in the flank of the ox or horse in order to drive it free of the mud.' The noble ladies who had gathered to pray, 'having been pierced on the inside, wished to confess immediately, without any delay, and they made confession of their sins.'
1163:- "compunction Pricking or stinging of the conscience or heart; regret or uneasiness of mind consequent on sin or wrongdoing; remorse, contrition In modern use, often in weakened sense, denoting a slight or passing regret for wrongdoing, or a feeling of regret for some slight offence (sometimes including pity for the person wronged ) ."
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in being caught or causing harm. Research has shown that the facial expressions of offenders on trial affect the jury's attitude and, in turn, the sentencing decision. While remorse may present guilt that may influence a jury's decision, a lack of remorse influences the jury even more because it is one trait of psychopathy.
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Remorse is closely linked with the willingness to humble oneself and to repent for one's misdeeds. Remorse is not as such when defined through the view of self-condemnation. Self-condemnation, more so than remorse, is said to be associated with poor psychological well-being. Remorse captures feelings
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with large samples of incarcerated psychopaths offers additional insights. In one study, psychopaths were scanned while viewing video clips depicting people being intentionally hurt. They were also tested on their responses to seeing short videos of facial expressions of pain. The participants in the
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has encapsulated this into "four Rs" that typically make for a fully effective apology: remorse, responsibility, resolution and reparation. When an apology is delayed, for instance if a friend has been wronged and the offending party does not apologise, the perception of the offense can compound over
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when compared to control participants. In a second study, individuals with psychopathy exhibited a strong response in pain-affective brain regions when taking an imagine-self perspective, but failed to recruit the neural circuits that were activated in controls during an imagine-other perspective—in
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What is clear in Master Durand's testimony, and in much of the penitential literature, is that the sacrament of penance started before priest and penitent met. The internal state of the penitent before confession mattered, and ideally a penitent should feel compunction. Compunction was not a gentle
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lack the ability to empathically feel their way to moral answers, and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading
Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when
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and remorse. Knowledge of psychopathic traits has been shown to affect how jurors perceive adult and juvenile offenders. Assessments of psychopathy are introduced to direct a relatively wide variety of questions in the legal system, so investigators have started examining the effects of psychopathy
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Human societies tend to value remorse; conversely, a person who exhibits a lack of remorse is often perceived in a negative light. It is widely accepted that remorse is the proper reaction to misconduct. Remorse may originate in from either actual or contrived regret for the misconduct that results
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One study on psychopaths found that, under certain circumstances, they could willfully empathize with others, and that their empathic reaction initiated the same way it does for controls. Psychopathic criminals were brain-scanned while watching videos of a person harming another individual. The
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Purchases can be divided into two different categories: material or experiential. A material good is made to be kept in the buyer's possession, while an experiential good provides the buyer with life experience. A material good provides the buyer with a more enduring pleasure compared with an
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The perception of remorse is essential to an apology, and the greater the perception of remorse the more effective the apology. An effective apology reduces negative consequences and facilitates cognitive and behavioral changes associated with forgiveness. With empathy as the mediator between
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Researchers have investigated whether people who have high levels of psychopathy have sufficient levels of cognitive empathy but lack the ability to use affective empathy. People who score highly on psychopathy measures are less likely to exhibit affective empathy. There was a strong negative
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as psychopathy, as these entail suspending empathy towards certain individuals and/or groups. The attempt to get around this by standardizing tests of psychopathy for cultures with different norms of punishment is criticized in this context for being based on the assumption that people can be
1198:'compunction' seems to mean much the same thing as 'remorse,' but can be distinguished from it in two ways. First, 'compunction' can be used to refer to milder cases of remorseful feelings. Second, it can be used to refer to a kind of pre-emptive or anticipatory bad conscience which arises
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classified in discrete cultures while cultural influences are in reality mixed and every person encounters a mosaic of influences. Psychopathy may be an artefact of psychiatry's standardization along imaginary sharp lines between cultures, as opposed to an actual difference in the brain.
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they were confronted by a difficult issue – in this case as whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city – these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with normally functioning brains. According to
743:, formerly expressed connotations of actively expressing remorse, usually requiring remorseful individuals to physically approach the person to whom they wish to express regret. Medieval-style compunction could serve as an incentive to partake in the sacrament of
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found those who scored highly on the psychopathy scale do not lack in recognising emotion in facial expressions. Therefore, such individuals do not lack in perspective-talking ability but do lack in compassion and concern towards the wellbeing of others.
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and pain, and other emotions are shallow compared to population norms. Psychopaths refuse to adopt social and moral norms because they are not swayed by the emotions, such as guilt, remorse, or fear of retribution, that influence other human beings.
651:. When a person regrets an earlier action or failure to act, it may be because of remorse or in response to various other consequences, including being punished for the act or omission. People may express remorse through
914:) were found to experience regret, but did not use the regret to guide their choice in behavior. There was no lack of regret but a problem to think through a range of potential actions and estimating the outcome values.
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one does wrong and which can thereby (help to) prevent that wrongdoing. Compunction can thus be seen as both retrospective and prospective, whereas in the normal case, remorse seems to be essentially a retrospective
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traits. Legal and business professions such as insurance have done research on the expression of remorse via apologies, primarily because of the potential litigation and financial implications.
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individuals do not show regret or remorse. This was thought to be due to an inability to generate this emotion in response to negative outcomes. However, in 2016, people with
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are almost always used in a positive context, especially to exemplify ideals of
Christian emotional culture, frequently in combination with the outward sign of tears.
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One problem with the theory that the ability to turn empathy on and off constitutes psychopathy is that such a theory would classify socially sanctioned violence and
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Edens, J; Davis, K; et al. (2012), "No
Sympathy for the Devil: Attributing Psychopathic Traits to Capital Murderers Also Predicts Support for Executing Them",
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1303:
Brinke, L; MacDonald, S; et al. (2012), "Crocodile tears: Facial, Verbal and Body
Language Behaviours Associated With Genuine and Fabricated Remorse",
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Remorse, Cooperation, and
Acceptance of Responsibility: The Structure, Implementation, and Reform of Section 3E1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines
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Davis, J; Gold, G (2011), "An examination of emotional empathy, attributions of stability, and the link between perceived remorse and forgiveness",
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In a legal context, the perceived remorse of an offender is assessed by
Western justice systems during trials, sentencing, parole hearings, and in
1215:
Williams, Graham; Steenbrugge, Charlotte (15 October 2020). "Introduction: Words in
English". In Williams, Graham; Steenbrugge, Charlotte (eds.).
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Gilovich, T; Rosenzweig, E (2012), "Buyer's
Remorse or Missed Opportunity? Differential Regrets for Material and Experiential Purchases",
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The Role of
Culture in Empathy: The Consequences and Explanations of Cultural Differences in Empathy at the Affective and Cognitive Levels
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MacLin, M; Downs, C; et al. (2009), "The Effect of Defendant Facial Expression on Mock Juror Decision-Making: The Power of Remorse",
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Proeve, Michael; Tudor, Steven (8 April 2016) . "Analysing Remose: A Philosophical Approach: Defining Remorse and its Near Neighbours".
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Archambeau, Nicole (15 April 2021). "Master Durand Andree and the Sacrament of Penance as a Moment of Danger: Compunction to Confess".
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1616:"Psychopathy, Empathy, and Perspective -Taking Ability in a Community Sample: Implications for the Successful Psychopathy Concept"
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Exline, J; Fisher, M (2006), "Self-Forgiveness versus Excusing: The Roles of Remorse, Effort, and Acceptance of Responsibility",
1565:"An fMRI study of affective perspective taking in individuals with psychopathy: imagining another in pain does not evoke empathy"
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may also include some form of restitution, compensation or token gesture in line with the damage that one has caused.
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particular the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala—which may contribute to their lack of empathic concern.
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Psychopathy represents a configuration of traits that are missing within a person's personality, such as a lack of
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As well, apologies usually include a statement or expression of regret, humility, or remorse; a request for
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1516:"Brain response to empathy-eliciting scenarios involving pain in incarcerated individuals with psychopathy"
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by Aaron Lazare. These studies indicate that effective apologies that express remorse typically include:
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Now You're Speaking My Language: Honest Communication And Deeper Intimacy For A Stronger Marriage
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correlation, showing that psychopathy and lack of affective empathy correspond strongly.
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Souls under Siege: Stories of War, Plague, and Confession in Fourteenth-Century Provence
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739:"Compunction", in modern times generally denoting a relatively slight pricking of
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1221:. New Directions in Medieval Studies. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 12.
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acceptance of the responsibility for, and ownership of, the act or omission
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Psychopathic individuals are best known for their flagrant disregard for
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high-psychopathy group exhibited significantly less activation in the
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A person who is incapable of feeling remorse is often diagnosed with
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This article is about the emotion. For the episode of the TV series
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Mullins-Nelson JL, Salekin RT, Anne-Marie RT, Leistico RL (2006).
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evidences. Through simulations in studies by John Edens, who is a
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John Kleefeld (2007). "Thinking Like a Human: British Columbia's
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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Baskin-Sommers, A; Stuppy-Sullivan, AM; Buckholtz, JW (2016).
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actions which they have done in the past that they deem to be
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Maibom, H (2005), "Moral Unreason: The Case of Psychopathy",
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and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the
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In fact, in an experiment published in March 2007 at the
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In a study led by Leanne ten Brinke, a professor at the
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problems with assessing an offender's level of remorse.
1655:"If It Feels Good to Be Good, It Might Be Only Natural"
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Remorse: Psychological and Jurisprudential Perspectives
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Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
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time. This is sometimes known as compounding remorse.
1179:(reprint ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. p. 34.
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How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain
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677:. In general, a person needs to be unable to feel
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781:and moral norms. Psychopaths have dysfunctional
1620:International Journal of Forensic Mental Health
1563:Decety J, Chen C, Harenski C, Kiehl KA (2013).
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1431:
1045:, vol. 91, Nw. U. L. Rev., p. 1507,
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1867:
1218:Cultures of Compunction in the Medieval World
862:parts of the brain, but more activity in the
793:. Emotionally, they are incapable of feeling
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1819:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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1440:"Psychopathic criminals have empathy switch"
3140:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
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1514:Decety J, Skelly LR, Kiehl KA (June 2013).
1471:"Cold-hearted Psychopaths Feel Empathy Too"
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681:, as well as remorse, in order to develop
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1119:University of British Columbia Law Review
714:an explanation that recognises one's role
708:acknowledgment of the hurt or damage done
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697:by Gary Chapman and Jennifer Thomas and
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797:or empathy, they respond abnormally to
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1745:Personality and Individual Differences
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1059:Gary Chapman, Jennifer Thomas (2006).
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1240:In Middle English on the other hand,
1096:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1376:North American Journal of Psychology
1266:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1159:participating institution membership
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24:
3330:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
1450:from the original on July 27, 2013
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25:
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885:University of Southern California
705:a detailed account of the offense
631:experienced by an individual who
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1362:10.1111/j.0268-1064.2005.00284.x
1126:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1937545
1071:. See also Gary Chapman (2007).
1039:O'Hear, Michael M. (1996–1997),
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3290:Antisocial personality disorder
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1607:
1569:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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1507:
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1049:from the original on 2013-12-18
908:antisocial personality disorder
693:Studies on apologizing include
671:antisocial personality disorder
643:. Remorse is closely allied to
1653:Vedantam, Shankar (May 2007).
1632:10.1080/14999013.2006.10471238
1532:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.27
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912:dissocial personality disorder
893:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
852:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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761:University of British Columbia
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13:
1:
3340:Sadistic personality disorder
1438:Hogenboom M (July 25, 2013).
1061:The Five Languages of Apology
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785:, characterized by violence,
695:The Five Languages of Apology
3092:Social emotional development
845:Work conducted by Professor
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939:
770:
673:, as characterized in the
53:William-Adolphe Bouguereau
29:
3358:
3282:
3206:
3185:
3135:
2654:
2592:
2575:
1894:
1790:10.1080/15298860600586123
1146:Oxford English Dictionary
993:Remorse (Baader painting)
3025:in virtual communication
1685:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1582:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00489
1469:Lewis T (24 July 2013).
927:Versus self-condemnation
820:Texas A&M University
1706:10.1073/pnas.1609985113
1151:Oxford University Press
1029:, Cambridge Dictionary.
826:, remorselessness, and
3345:Sexual sadism disorder
3305:History of psychopathy
3274:Superficially charming
2642:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2239:
2205:
1305:Law and Human Behavior
783:personal relationships
689:Studies on apologizing
110:Emotional intelligence
55:
3335:Psychopathy Checklist
3214:Anti-social behaviour
1092:Aaron Lazare (2004).
968:Confession (religion)
755:Falsified expressions
662:. However, there are
44:
3310:Juvenile delinquency
3062:Group affective tone
313:Emotional Detachment
3371:George E. Partridge
3115:constructed emotion
2785:functional accounts
1697:2016PNAS..11314438B
1691:(50): 14438–14443.
1659:The Washington Post
1488:Barrett LF (2017).
1149:(Online ed.).
1124:(2): 769–808, 790.
983:Non-apology apology
860:periaqueductal gray
660:restorative justice
3366:Hervey M. Cleckley
3259:Pathological lying
3229:Diminished empathy
3015:in decision-making
2256:(sense of purpose)
889:Antonio R. Damasio
647:and self-directed
56:
3384:
3383:
3359:Notable theorists
3145:
3144:
2732:Appeal to emotion
2510:Social connection
1778:Self and Identity
1497:Atkins D (2014).
1350:Mind and Language
1157:(Subscription or
1102:978-0-1951-7343-7
1081:978-0-8054-4460-5
828:superficial charm
627:is a distressing
622:
621:
548:Social connection
16:(Redirected from
3409:
3315:Machiavellianism
3295:Conduct disorder
3198:In the workplace
3172:
3165:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3120:discrete emotion
3020:in the workplace
2916:Empathy quotient
2647:
2587:
2581:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2343:
2244:
2210:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1831:10.1037/a0024999
1814:
1801:
1800:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1418:10.1037/a0026442
1401:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1317:10.1037/h0093950
1300:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1237:
1235:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1111:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1024:
878:
614:
607:
600:
86:
81:
58:
57:
21:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3354:
3320:Macdonald triad
3278:
3207:Characteristics
3202:
3181:
3176:
3146:
3141:
3131:
3072:Jealousy in art
2815:in conversation
2737:Amygdala hijack
2650:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2562:sense of wonder
1890:
1880:
1850:
1845:
1815:
1804:
1774:
1763:
1741:
1732:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1647:
1612:
1608:
1561:
1557:
1520:JAMA Psychiatry
1512:
1508:
1486:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1436:
1432:
1402:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1346:
1339:
1301:
1292:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1258:
1254:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1171:
1167:
1156:
1136:
1132:
1112:
1108:
1091:
1087:
1058:
1054:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:Social emotions
953:
944:
942:Buyer's remorse
938:
936:Buyer's remorse
929:
920:
910:(also known as
887:neuroscientist
876:
775:
769:
757:
737:
691:
664:epistemological
618:
589:
588:
587:
152:
151:
142:
121:Self-regulation
119:
46:The Remorse of
39:
36:Remorse (House)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3415:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3376:Robert D. Hare
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3283:Related topics
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3269:Shallow affect
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:somatic marker
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3097:Stoic passions
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3045:social sharing
3042:
3037:
3035:self-conscious
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2978:thought method
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:lateralization
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2770:classification
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Sentimentality
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2326:at first sight
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Disappointment
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1849:
1848:External links
1846:
1844:
1843:
1825:(2): 215–223,
1802:
1761:
1751:(3): 392–397,
1730:
1671:
1645:
1626:(2): 133–149.
1606:
1555:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1480:
1461:
1430:
1412:(2): 175–181,
1385:
1366:
1356:(2): 237–257,
1337:
1290:
1272:
1252:
1227:
1207:
1185:
1165:
1130:
1106:
1085:
1052:
1031:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:Moral emotions
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
949:
940:Main article:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
771:Main article:
768:
765:
756:
753:
736:
733:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
690:
687:
639:, hurtful, or
620:
619:
617:
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609:
602:
594:
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590:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
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345:
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335:
330:
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320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:Disappointment
275:
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260:
255:
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245:
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235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
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205:
200:
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165:
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154:
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149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
134:
133:
128:
117:
112:
107:
102:
100:Classification
97:
91:
88:
87:
74:
73:
67:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3414:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Lack of guilt
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:dysregulation
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2827:interpersonal
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:in psychology
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:consciousness
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:Schadenfreude
2470:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:Mono no aware
2336:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2192:Joie de vivre
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Gratification
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:Embarrassment
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Belongingness
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:(2): 127–46,
1783:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:(6): 638–45.
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1491:
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1140:"compunction"
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818:professor at
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523:Schadenfreude
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353:Gratification
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131:Dysregulation
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37:
33:
19:
3254:Manipulative
3234:Disinhibited
3137:
3077:Meta-emotion
2990:Emotionality
2963:responsivity
2911:and bullying
2906:intelligence
2716:Affectivity
2700:neuroscience
2670:in education
2435:
2253:
2214:Homesickness
2190:
2116:Enthrallment
2101:Emotion work
1964:Anticipation
1822:
1818:
1781:
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1662:. Retrieved
1658:
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1474:
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1452:. Retrieved
1443:
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1382:(2): 323–332
1379:
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1311:(1): 51–59,
1308:
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1284:
1277:. Retrieved
1262:
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1232:. Retrieved
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1175:
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1088:
1072:
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945:
930:
921:
904:Psychopathic
902:
898:Adrian Raine
882:
873:
844:
836:
832:
808:
804:
791:philandering
787:exploitation
776:
758:
738:
717:
698:
694:
692:
683:psychopathic
668:
657:
624:
623:
502:
198:Anticipation
45:
3402:Psychopathy
3264:Remorseless
3179:Psychopathy
3005:and culture
2810:recognition
2795:homeostatic
2695:forecasting
2644:Weltschmerz
2617:Misanthropy
2394:grandiosity
2276:Inspiration
2266:Infatuation
2234:Humiliation
2156:Frustration
2029:Contentment
1242:compunction
1115:Apology Act
1075:. B&H.
918:Forgiveness
877:The DANVA-2
847:Jean Decety
824:callousness
773:Psychopathy
767:Psychopathy
735:Compunction
720:forgiveness
403:Humiliation
348:Frustration
248:Contentment
51:(1862), by
3391:Categories
3350:Sociopathy
3325:Narcissism
3300:Dark triad
3193:In fiction
3082:Pathognomy
2983:well-being
2899:and gender
2894:expression
2889:exhaustion
2874:detachment
2859:competence
2840:Emotional
2822:regulation
2805:perception
2800:in animals
2750:and memory
2686:Affective
2594:Worldviews
2456:melancholy
2441:Resentment
2311:Loneliness
2286:Irritation
2271:Insecurity
2261:Indulgence
2136:Excitement
2121:Enthusiasm
2054:Depression
2014:Confidence
2009:Compassion
1984:Attraction
1909:Admiration
1904:Acceptance
1246:contrition
1161:required.)
1094:On Apology
1015:References
1003:Resentment
998:Repentance
963:Confession
839:punishment
816:psychology
745:confession
741:conscience
699:On Apology
649:resentment
508:Resentment
433:Loneliness
323:Enthusiasm
263:Depression
233:Confidence
163:Admiration
158:Acceptance
105:In animals
18:Remorseful
3244:Impulsive
3239:Grandiose
3110:appraisal
3050:sociology
3001:Emotions
2973:symbiosis
2958:reasoning
2928:isolation
2869:contagion
2854:blackmail
2780:expressed
2775:evolution
2765:and sleep
2755:and music
2690:computing
2637:Reclusion
2632:Pessimism
2607:Defeatism
2537:Suffering
2483:Sehnsucht
2426:Rejection
2377:self-pity
2352:Nostalgia
2321:limerence
2291:Isolation
2229:Hostility
2186:Happiness
2166:Gratitude
2111:Emptiness
2094:vicarious
2044:Curiosity
2019:Confusion
1959:Annoyance
1939:Amusement
1929:Agitation
1924:Affection
1919:Aesthetic
1914:Adoration
1798:144970057
1640:143760402
1279:19 August
1234:19 August
1192:19 August
1063:. Moody.
958:Atonement
724:Apologies
675:DSM IV-TR
653:apologies
568:Suspicion
558:Suffering
528:Self-pity
493:Rejection
448:Nostalgia
428:Limerence
398:Hostility
378:Happiness
358:Gratitude
303:Elevation
258:Curiosity
238:Confusion
193:Annoyance
173:Amusement
168:Affection
3397:Emotions
3186:Contexts
2968:security
2948:literacy
2933:lability
2923:intimacy
2864:conflict
2844:aperture
2741:Emotion
2725:negative
2720:positive
2710:spectrum
2675:measures
2627:Optimism
2622:Nihilism
2612:Fatalism
2602:Cynicism
2547:Sympathy
2542:Surprise
2384:Pleasure
2306:Kindness
2296:Jealousy
2281:Interest
2248:Hysteria
2131:Euphoria
2074:Distrust
2024:Contempt
2004:Calmness
1896:Emotions
1883:Emotions
1839:21843013
1725:27911790
1664:23 April
1601:24093010
1550:23615636
1454:July 28,
1448:Archived
1444:BBC News
1426:22452773
1333:15232035
1325:22471385
1203:emotion.
1047:archived
951:See also
866:and the
864:striatum
856:amygdala
637:shameful
563:Surprise
473:Pleasure
423:Kindness
413:Jealousy
408:Interest
333:Euphoria
288:Distrust
243:Contempt
150:Emotions
71:Emotions
63:a series
61:Part of
3224:Callous
3138:Italics
3101:Theory
3057:Feeling
3010:history
2995:bounded
2953:prosody
2760:and sex
2745:and art
2705:science
2661:Affect
2655:Related
2530:chronic
2505:Shyness
2465:Saudade
2451:Sadness
2446:Revenge
2436:Remorse
2367:Passion
2357:Outrage
2347:Neglect
2207:Hiraeth
2106:Empathy
2084:Ecstasy
2069:Disgust
2039:Cruelty
2034:Courage
1999:Boredom
1979:Arousal
1969:Anxiety
1954:Anguish
1716:5167137
1693:Bibcode
1592:3782696
1575:: 489.
1541:3914759
1027:remorse
811:empathy
749:penance
633:regrets
629:emotion
625:Remorse
543:Shyness
518:Saudade
513:Sadness
503:Remorse
463:Passion
453:Outrage
318:Empathy
298:Ecstasy
283:Disgust
253:Courage
228:Boredom
213:Arousal
203:Anxiety
188:Anguish
138:Valence
48:Orestes
3105:affect
3087:Pathos
3040:social
2884:eating
2557:Wonder
2525:Stress
2515:Sorrow
2431:Relief
2421:Regret
2409:vanity
2404:insult
2399:hubris
2254:Ikigai
2224:Horror
2200:Hatred
2059:Desire
2049:Defeat
1974:Apathy
1837:
1796:
1723:
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1589:
1548:
1538:
1424:
1331:
1323:
1270:
1225:
1200:before
1183:
1100:
1079:
1067:
988:Regret
868:insula
858:, and
789:, and
779:social
578:Wonder
553:Sorrow
498:Relief
488:Regret
393:Horror
383:Hatred
268:Desire
208:Apathy
95:Affect
34:, see
3030:moral
2938:labor
2790:group
2569:Worry
2552:Trust
2520:Spite
2500:Shock
2495:Shame
2389:Pride
2362:Panic
2241:Hygge
2181:Guilt
2176:Grief
2171:Greed
2141:Faith
2079:Doubt
1949:Angst
1944:Anger
1934:Agony
1794:S2CID
1636:S2CID
1329:S2CID
1155:
973:Guilt
795:guilt
645:guilt
641:wrong
583:Worry
573:Trust
538:Shock
533:Shame
478:Pride
458:Panic
373:Guilt
368:Grief
363:Greed
338:Faith
293:Doubt
183:Angst
178:Anger
32:House
3219:Bold
2849:bias
2834:work
2416:Rage
2372:Pity
2333:Lust
2316:Love
2219:Hope
2151:Flow
2146:Fear
2126:Envy
1887:list
1835:PMID
1721:PMID
1666:2010
1597:PMID
1546:PMID
1456:2013
1422:PMID
1321:PMID
1281:2024
1268:ISBN
1244:and
1236:2024
1223:ISBN
1194:2024
1181:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1065:ISBN
799:fear
679:fear
483:Rage
468:Pity
443:Lust
438:Love
388:Hope
343:Fear
328:Envy
115:Mood
2301:Joy
1989:Awe
1827:doi
1823:102
1786:doi
1753:doi
1711:PMC
1701:doi
1689:113
1628:doi
1587:PMC
1577:doi
1536:PMC
1528:doi
1414:doi
1358:doi
1313:doi
747:or
418:Joy
218:Awe
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