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The first inventor of a telephone was
Phillip Reis of Germany only musical not articulating. The first person to publicly exhibit a telephone for transmission of articulate speech was A. G. Bell. The first practical commercial telephone for transmission of articulate speech was invented by myself.
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diaphragm as a sound transducer. The diaphragm was mounted on the top of a closed wooden sound box, with a speaking horn on the front. Sound received by the horn caused the diaphragm to vibrate. Above this were two brass strips, later with two platinum contacts, originally with a single platinum
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of the contacts. However, Reis's description claimed that the contacts opened and closed. At the time, it was held that a circuit with such a 'make and break' circuit was incapable of transmitting intelligible speech. Reis's device had been used to transmit speech from 1861, and widely publicly
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In 1861, Philipp Reis succeeded in creating a device that captured sound, converted it to electrical impulses which were transmitted via electrical wires to another device that transformed these pulses into recognizable sounds similar to the original acoustical source. Reis coined the term
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demonstrated from 1863, yet when Bell's patent claim was set against Reis's primacy of inventing the telephone this 'inability' for it to work because of its use of a "false theory" was enough to (legally) portray Reis's invention as invalid, thus allowing Bell to claim novelty.
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contact, and the lower contact formed of a drop of mercury in a recess at the end of the screw. One strip was glued to the center of the diaphragm; another strip, usually two strips in a V, was mounted above this. The strip's weight gave a light pressure between the contacts.
239:-like device he constructed. Reis's first successful work is dated to October 1861. It was the first device to transmit a voice via electronic signals and for that the first modern telephone. Reis also coined the term.
451:"Ueber Telephonie durch den galvanischen Strom. In: Jahres-Bericht des physikalischen Vereins zu Frankfurt am Main für das Rechnungsjahr 1860-1861, pp. 57-64 by Johann Philipp REIS on Milestones of Science Books"
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In 1862, Reis demonstrated his telephone to
Wilhelm von Legat, Inspector of the Royal Prussian Telegraph Corps who produced an account of it (Legat, 1862), a translation of which was obtained by
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Sound vibrations caused the diaphragm and lower contact to vibrate in sympathy. This changed the resistance between the two contacts, giving an electrical signal to the telephone line.
318:. In his first receiver he wound a coil of wire around an iron knitting needle and rested the needle against the F hole of a violin. As current passed through the needle, the iron
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As Reis was considering his invention as a means of broadcasting music, he termed his microphone the 'singing station'. The Reis microphone was based on a horizontal
263:. The Legat account included drawings that are different from that below, suggesting that it is of a later version. Edison acknowledged his debt to Reis thus:
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This instrument could transmit continuous musical tones but produced indistinct speech. In 1865, however, British-American scientist
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and a click was produced. The image, below, shows an advanced version where the iron bar is clamped to a cigar-box-shaped
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Telephones used throughout the world are mine and Bell's. Mine is used for transmitting. Bell's is used for receiving.
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There was some question as to the operation of the microphone. It is regarded today as having varied the
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326:. This receiver is not very sensitive. It produces weak sound but has good
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in 1875 and which was used in Edison's successful development of the
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Turner, Gerard L'Estrange; Weston, Margaret (1983).
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
589:BBC - Bell 'did not invent telephone' - Dec 1 2003
570:The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History
397:The Telephone and Its Several Inventors: A History
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481:1863 letter to William Ladd, in Thompson (1883)
429:. University of California Press. p. 140.
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472:, accessed 26 March 2006. LB020312 TAEM 83:170
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345:used the Reis telephone with "good results".
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1627:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
554:Friedrich Georg Wieck, Otto Wilhelm Ålund "
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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549:"Reproducing Sounds on Extra Galvanic Way"
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427:Nineteenth-century Scientific Instruments
330:. It requires very high current and is a
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
375:List of German inventors and discoverers
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192:of all important aspects of the article.
563:Philipp Reis, Inventor of the Telephone
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572:" Chapter 2, McFarland & Co, 1995.
188:Please consider expanding the lead to
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
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565:" London: E. & F.N. Spon, 1883.
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466:The Edison Papers, Digital Edition
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510:"Calendar of Scientific Pioneers"
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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1262:Free-space optical communication
495:"The Reis Transmitter 1862-1872"
334:-sensitive device rather than a
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180:may be too short to adequately
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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190:provide an accessible overview
16:19th-century musical telephone
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583:"The Great Telephone Mystery"
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310:Johann Philipp Reis telephone
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231:was an invention named after
1648:Telecommunication portal
1429:Telecommunications equipment
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1165:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
508:S, E. C. (1 January 1921).
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869:Telecommunications history
585:accessed September 5, 2006
365:Invention of the telephone
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1477:Public Switched Telephone
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551:. accessed 26 March 2006.
370:Timeline of the telephone
314:Reis's speaker worked by
1704:History of the telephone
1388:Orbital angular-momentum
825:Satellite communications
664:Communications satellite
360:History of the telephone
252:to describe his device.
1267:Molecular communication
1090:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
919:Undersea telegraph line
654:Cable protection system
561:Thompson, Sylvanus P. "
1409:Communication protocol
1195:Charles Sumner Tainter
1010:Walter Houser Brattain
955:Edwin Howard Armstrong
763:Information revolution
400:. McFarland. pp.
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1383:Polarization-division
1115:Narinder Singh Kapany
1080:Erna Schneider Hoover
1000:Jagadish Chandra Bose
980:Alexander Graham Bell
711:online video platform
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1225:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1185:Almon Brown Strowger
1155:Charles Grafton Page
810:Prepaid mobile phone
738:Electrical telegraph
84:improve this article
1699:Telephony equipment
1175:Johann Philipp Reis
934:Wireless revolution
896:The Telephone Cases
753:Hydraulic telegraph
556:Uppfinningarnas bok
526:1921Natur.106..650E
394:Coe, Lewis (2006).
338:-sensitive device.
1373:Frequency-division
1350:Telephone exchange
1220:Charles Wheatstone
1150:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1125:Innocenzo Manzetti
1060:Reginald Fessenden
795:Optical telegraphy
628:Telecommunications
470:Rutgers University
463:Edison, Thomas A.
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1709:German inventions
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1424:Store and forward
1419:Data transmission
1333:Network switching
1284:Transmission line
1130:Guglielmo Marconi
1095:Internet pioneers
960:Mohamed M. Atalla
929:Whistled language
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1070:Oliver Heaviside
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1360:Multiplexing
1235:Transmission
1200:Nikola Tesla
1190:Henry Sutton
1145:Samuel Morse
1075:Robert Hooke
1040:Amos Dolbear
975:John Bardeen
894:
874:Telautograph
778:Mobile phone
733:Edholm's law
716:social media
649:Broadcasting
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568:Coe, Lewis "
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177:lead section
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82:Please help
77:verification
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36:Please help
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1560:NPL network
1272:Radio waves
1210:Alfred Vail
1120:Hedy Lamarr
1105:Dawon Kahng
1065:Elisha Gray
1025:Yogen Dalal
950:Nasir Ahmed
884:Teleprinter
748:Heliographs
302:Loudspeaker
140:August 2016
1693:Categories
1606:Antarctica
1565:Toasternet
1487:Television
970:Paul Baran
902:Television
886:(teletype)
879:Telegraphy
857:transistor
835:Phryctoria
805:Photophone
783:Smartphone
773:Mass media
381:References
295:resistance
273:Microphone
110:newspapers
39:improve it
1590:Americas
1579:Locations
1550:Internet2
1311:Bandwidth
1015:Vint Cerf
912:streaming
890:Telephone
830:Semaphore
721:streaming
355:Telephone
324:resonator
279:parchment
237:telephone
182:summarize
45:talk page
1658:Category
1545:Internet
1535:CYCLADES
1452:Ethernet
1402:Concepts
1326:terminal
1277:wireless
1100:Bob Kahn
943:Pioneers
768:Internet
659:Cable TV
349:See also
328:fidelity
250:telephon
198:May 2021
1678:Commons
1668:Outline
1621:Oceania
1540:FidoNet
1525:ARPANET
1338:circuit
907:digital
636:History
522:Bibcode
336:voltage
332:current
243:History
124:scholar
1616:Europe
1586:Africa
1570:Usenet
1530:BITNET
1467:Mobile
1343:packet
852:MOSFET
847:device
644:Beacon
514:Nature
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320:shrank
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1599:South
1594:North
1555:JANET
1492:Telex
1482:Radio
1321:Nodes
1316:Links
1237:media
815:Radio
800:Pager
728:Drums
694:video
689:image
679:audio
402:16–24
235:of a
131:JSTOR
117:books
1611:Asia
1497:UUCP
1457:ISDN
431:ISBN
406:ISBN
227:The
103:news
1502:WAN
1472:NGN
1462:LAN
743:Fax
684:DCT
530:doi
518:106
86:by
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