169:. Later on, Armstrong, Brigo and Rossi Ferrucci (2021) derive optimal projection filters that satisfy specific optimality criteria in approximating the infinite dimensional optimal filter. Indeed, the Stratonovich-based projection filters optimized the approximations of the SPDE separate coefficients on the chosen manifold but not the SPDE solution as a whole. This has been dealt with by introducing the optimal projection filters. The innovation here is to work directly with Ito calculus, instead of resorting to the Stratonovich calculus version of the filter equation. This is based on research on the geometry of Ito Stochastic differential equations on manifolds based on the
14602:
74:. Projection filters are ideal for in-line estimation, as they are quick to implement and run efficiently in time, providing a finite dimensional SDE for the parameter that can be implemented efficiently. Projection filters are also flexible, as they allow fine tuning the precision of the approximation by choosing richer approximating families, and some exponential families make the correction step in the projection filtering algorithm exact. Some formulations coincide with heuristic based assumed density filters or with
7306:
14588:
4586:
5674:
14626:
14614:
7044:
10559:, studying a quantum model of optical phase bistability of a strongly coupled two-level atom in an optical cavity. Further applications to quantum systems are considered in Gao, Zhang and Petersen (2019). Ma, Zhao, Chen and Chang (2015) refer to projection filters in the context of hazard position estimation, while Vellekoop and Clark (2006) generalize the projection filter theory to deal with
4349:
5119:
7301:{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{4}}g_{ij}(\theta )=\left\langle {\frac {\partial {\sqrt {p}}}{\partial \theta _{i}}}\,,{\frac {\partial {\sqrt {p}}}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\right\rangle ={\frac {1}{4}}\int {\frac {1}{p(x,\theta )}}\,{\frac {\partial p(x,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{i}}}\,{\frac {\partial p(x,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\,dx.}
3391:
7033:
1654:
58:, on which the infinite-dimensional filter density can be approximated. The basic idea of the projection filter is to use a geometric structure in the chosen spaces of densities to project the infinite dimensional SPDE of the optimal filter onto the chosen finite dimensional family, obtaining a finite dimensional
4581:{\displaystyle \gamma _{ij}(\theta )=\left\langle {\frac {\partial {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}{\partial \theta _{i}}}\,,{\frac {\partial {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\right\rangle =\int {\frac {\partial p(x,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{i}}}\,{\frac {\partial p(x,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\,dx}
134:, that were used to project the optimal filter infinite-dimensional SPDE on a chosen exponential family. The exponential family can be chosen so as to make the prediction step of the filtering algorithm exact. A different type of projection filters, based on an alternative projection metric, the direct
4279:
38:
for nonlinear state-space systems. The filtering problem consists of estimating the unobserved signal of a random dynamical system from partial noisy observations of the signal. The objective is computing the probability distribution of the signal conditional on the history of the noise-perturbed
6897:
5669:{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}{\frac {\partial p(\cdot ,\theta _{t})}{\theta _{i}}}\circ d\theta _{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left\;{\frac {\partial {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}{\partial \theta _{i}}}dt+\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left\;{\frac {\partial {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}{\partial \theta _{i}}}\circ dY_{t},}
4832:
10554:
by
Lermusiaux 2006. Kutschireiter, Rast, and Drugowitsch (2022) refer to the projection filter in the context of continuous time circular filtering. For quantum systems applications, see for example van Handel and Mabuchi (2005), who applied the quantum projection filter to
78:. Projection filters can also approximate the full infinite-dimensional filter in an optimal way, beyond the optimal approximation of the SPDE coefficients alone, according to precise criteria such as mean square minimization. Projection filters have been studied by the
6582:
3207:
3085:
70:. The projection filter was tested against the optimal filter for the cubic sensor problem. The projection filter could track effectively bimodal densities of the optimal filter that would have been difficult to approximate with standard algorithms like the
10263:
3992:
2050:
9331:
6907:
5108:
1386:
4161:
189:
This is a derivation of both the initial filter in
Hellinger/Fisher metric sketched by Hanzon and fully developed by Brigo, Hanzon and LeGland, and the later projection filter in direct L2 metric by Armstrong and Brigo (2016).
2849:
7806:
6589:
6073:
2403:
888:
10818:
Bernard Hanzon (1987). A differential-geometric approach to approximate nonlinear filtering. In: C.T.J. Dodson, Editor, Geometrization of
Statistical Theory, pages 219â223. ULMD Publications, University of
10840:
John
Armstrong and Damiano Brigo (2018). Intrinsic stochastic differential equations as jets. Proceedings of the Royal Society A - Mathematical physical and engineering sciences, 474(2210), 28 pages. doi:
347:
8964:
4597:
1237:
8455:
10734:
M. Hazewinkel, S.I. Marcus, H.J. Sussmann (1983). Nonexistence of finite-dimensional filters for conditional statistics of the cubic sensor problem. Systems & Control
Letters 3(6), Pages 331-340,
2634:
6113:
3386:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }=\{p(\cdot ,\theta ),\ \theta \in \Theta \subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}\}\ (or\ S_{\Theta }^{1/2}=\{{\sqrt {p(\cdot ,\theta )}},\ \theta \in \Theta \subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}\}).}
10550:, mapping and localization, while again on navigation Azimi-Sadjadi and Krishnaprasad (2005) use projection filters algorithms. The projection filter has been also considered for applications in
2945:
2169:
10483:
9138:
4341:
567:
3558:
62:(SDE) for the parameter of the density in the finite dimensional family that approximates the full filter evolution. To do this, the chosen finite dimensional family is equipped with a
10154:
3769:
483:
233:
4037:
8239:
39:
observations. This distribution allows for calculations of all statistics of the signal given the history of observations. If this distribution has a density, the density satisfies
1748:
1342:
939:
10432:
9895:
1693:
118:
The term "projection filter" was first coined in 1987 by
Bernard Hanzon, and the related theory and numerical examples were fully developed, expanded and made rigorous during the
10571:. Zhang, Wang, Wu and Xu (2014) apply the Gaussian projection filter as part of their estimation technique to deal with measurements of fiber diameters in melt-blown nonwovens.
9231:
9049:
separately, although this does not imply it provides the best approximation for the filter SPDE solution as a whole. Indeed, the
Stratonovich projection, acting on the two terms
40:
7028:{\displaystyle \left\{{\frac {\partial {\sqrt {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}}{\partial \theta _{1}}},\cdots ,{\frac {\partial {\sqrt {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}}{\partial \theta _{n}}}\right\},}
3470:
3114:
1378:
10029:
9962:
8527:
4072:
2520:
3512:
2087:
619:
410:
3199:
2883:
10360:
10301:
9799:
9617:
9558:
9174:
4903:
1649:{\displaystyle {\cal {L}}_{t}^{*}p=-\sum _{i=1}^{m}{\frac {\partial }{\partial x_{i}}}+{\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{i,j=1}^{m}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{i}\partial x_{j}}}}
4895:
4865:
10536:
10149:
10073:
9989:
9922:
9390:
8484:
7836:
6102:
4099:
3761:
443:. Validity of all regularity conditions necessary for the results to hold will be assumed, with details given in the references. The associated noisy observation process
381:
10908:
Kutschireiter, Anna; Rast, Luke; Drugowitsch, Jan (2022). "Projection filtering with observed state increments with applications in continuous-time circular filtering".
9858:
9360:
9223:
8642:
10324:
9822:
9666:
9640:
9581:
9413:
9197:
3430:
2236:
10102:
9760:
8567:
3674:
10387:
9518:
4309:
4153:
4126:
3168:
3141:
2937:
2910:
2717:
2690:
2663:
1740:
1267:
1006:
727:
700:
673:
646:
437:
159:
11100:
8596:
2200:
43:(SPDEs) called Kushner-Stratonovich equation, or Zakai equation. It is known that the nonlinear filter density evolves in an infinite dimensional function space.
10509:
3624:
10122:
10049:
9087:
9067:
9047:
9027:
9007:
8987:
8722:
8702:
8682:
8662:
7329:
3734:
3714:
3694:
3644:
3601:
3581:
1713:
979:
959:
767:
747:
590:
4274:{\displaystyle \left\{{\frac {\partial p(\cdot ,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{1}}},\cdots ,{\frac {\partial p(\cdot ,\theta )}{\partial \theta _{n}}}\right\},}
8536:
for an unnormalized version of the density p. This would result in the same
Hellinger projection filter but in a different direct metric projection filter.
10785:
Armstrong, John; Brigo, Damiano; Rossi
Ferrucci, Emilio (2019). "Optimal approximation of {SDE}s on submanifolds: the Ito-vector and Ito-jet projections".
10965:
Vellekoop, M. H.; Clark, J. M. C. (2006). "A nonlinear filtering approach to changepoint detection problems: Direct and differential-geometric methods".
7331:
is the Fisher information metric. One follows steps completely analogous to the direct metric case and the filter equation in
Hellinger/Fisher metric is
11635:
2725:
10151:. Thus the idea is finding a projection filter that comes as close as possible to the metric projection. In other terms, one considers the criterion
10563:. Harel, Meir and Opper (2015) apply the projection filters in assumed density form to the filtering of optimal point processes with applications to
7337:
11459:
10703:
Brigo, Damiano; Hanzon, Bernard; LeGland, Francois (1999). "Approximate nonlinear filtering by projection on exponential manifolds of densities".
6892:{\displaystyle +\sum _{k=1}^{d}\;\left\;p(x,\theta _{t})\;{\frac {\partial p(x,\theta _{t})}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\;dx\right]\circ dY_{t}^{k}\ .}
10984:
Harel, Yuval; Meir, Ron; Opper, Manfred (2015). "A tractable approximation to optimal point process filtering: Application to neural encoding".
13723:
12062:
11055:
8539:
Finally, if in the exponential family case one includes among the sufficient statistics of the exponential family the observation function in
14228:
11592:
11572:
5682:
2244:
775:
14378:
11976:
10671:, Damiano; Hanzon, Bernard; LeGland, Francois (1998). "A differential geometric approach to nonlinear filtering: the projection filter".
8644:, then one can see that the correction step in the filtering algorithm becomes exact. In other terms, the projection of the vector field
14672:
14002:
12643:
5679:
where it has been crucial that Stratonovich calculus obeys the chain rule. From the above equation, the final projection filter SDE is
10851:
Jones, Eagle S; Soatto, Massimo (2011). "Visual-inertial navigation, mapping and localization: A scalable real-time causal approach".
10759:
Armstrong, John; Brigo, Damiano (2016). "Nonlinear filtering via stochastic PDE projection on mixture manifolds in L2 direct metric".
11893:
4827:{\displaystyle \Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta )}^{\gamma }=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left\;{\frac {\partial {p(\cdot ,\theta )}}{\partial \theta _{i}}}}
245:
13776:
11577:
10580:
8738:
3696:. For this version of the projection filter one is satisfied with dealing with the two vector fields separately. One may project
35:
10831:
Brigo, D. (1996). Filtering by projection on the manifold of exponential densities. PhD dissertation, Free University of Amsterdam
6107:
By substituting the definition of the operators F and G we obtain the fully explicit projection filter equation in direct metric:
1014:
14215:
11903:
11587:
8724:, one can see that the correction step at each new observation is exact, as the related Bayes formula entails no approximation.
8245:
11945:
11842:
6577:{\displaystyle d\theta _{i}(t)=\left\;p(x,\theta _{t})\;{\frac {\partial p(x,\theta _{t})}{\partial \theta _{j}}}\;dx\right]dt}
2528:
3563:
The fact that the filter SPDE is in Stratonovich form allows for the following. As Stratonovich SPDEs satisfy the chain rule,
12132:
12122:
11968:
11660:
11645:
12638:
12338:
12032:
11996:
10803:
Armstrong, J., Brigo, D., and Hanzon, B. (2023). Optimal projection filters with information geometry. Info. Geo. (2023).
13242:
12390:
12300:
12037:
10623:
3080:{\displaystyle d_{H}({\sqrt {p_{1}}},{\sqrt {p_{2}}})=\Vert {\sqrt {p_{1}}}-{\sqrt {p_{2}}}\Vert ,\ \ \ p_{1,2}\in L^{1}}
11018:
Zhang, Xian Miao; Wu Wang, Rong; Xu, Bugau (2014). "Automated measurements of fiber diameters in melt-blown nonwovens".
11949:
11147:
11048:
10870:
Azimi-Sadjadi, Babak; Krishnaprasad, P.S. (2005). "Approximate nonlinear filtering and its application in navigation".
10104:. The metric projection is, by definition, according to the chosen metric, the best one can ever do for approximating
10946:
Gao, Qing; Gao, Guofeng; Petersen, Ian R (2019). "An exponential quantum projection filter for open quantum systems".
14652:
14025:
13917:
12102:
6901:
If one uses the Hellinger distance instead, square roots of densities are needed. The tangent space basis is then
2092:
10546:
Jones and Soatto (2011) mention projection filters as possible algorithms for on-line estimation in visual-inertial
10437:
9092:
8732:
Now rather than considering the exact filter SPDE in Stratonovich calculus form, one keeps it in Ito calculus form
14630:
14203:
14077:
12147:
11953:
11937:
11852:
11680:
11650:
11072:
4314:
236:
59:
10927:
van Handel, Ramon; Mabuchi, Hideo (2005). "Quantum projection filter for a highly nonlinear model in cavity QED".
10258:{\displaystyle \theta _{0+\delta t}\approx {\mbox{argmin}}_{\theta }\ \|\pi (p_{0+\delta t})-p(\cdot ,\theta )\|.}
3987:{\displaystyle dp(\cdot ,\theta _{t})=\Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta _{t})}\,dt+\Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta _{t})}\circ dY_{t}\ }
491:
14261:
13922:
13667:
13038:
12628:
12052:
12017:
11986:
11981:
11417:
11334:
79:
3517:
14312:
13524:
13331:
13220:
13178:
11991:
11620:
11615:
11422:
11319:
2045:{\displaystyle dp_{t}={\cal {L}}_{t}^{\ast }\,p_{t}\,dt-{\frac {1}{2}}\,p_{t}\,\,dt+p_{t}\,^{T}\circ dY_{t}\ .}
446:
196:
126:, in collaboration with Bernard Hanzon and Francois LeGland. These works dealt with the projection filters in
13252:
10889:
Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J (2006). "Uncertainty estimation and prediction for interdisciplinary ocean dynamics".
4000:
161:
metric, was introduced in Armstrong and Brigo (2016). With this metric, the projection filters on families of
14555:
13514:
12417:
12305:
12082:
11918:
11817:
11802:
11341:
11214:
11130:
11041:
10600:
7844:
12077:
11957:
9326:{\displaystyle \theta _{0+\delta t}\approx {\mbox{argmin}}_{\theta }\ \|p_{0+\delta t}-p(\cdot ,\theta )\|.}
1272:
896:
14106:
14055:
14040:
14030:
13899:
13771:
13738:
13564:
13519:
13349:
12087:
12092:
11728:
10392:
9863:
1662:
14618:
14450:
14251:
14175:
13476:
13230:
12899:
12363:
11690:
11274:
11219:
11135:
2638:
These are Stratonovich SPDEs whose solutions evolve in infinite dimensional function spaces. For example
12022:
10303:
convergence. Indeed, the Ito jet projection attains the following optimality criterion. It zeroes the
3435:
3093:
1347:
14662:
14657:
14335:
14307:
14302:
14050:
13809:
13715:
13695:
13603:
13314:
13132:
12615:
12487:
12027:
12012:
11655:
11625:
11192:
11090:
9994:
9927:
8492:
4042:
2411:
5103:{\displaystyle dp(\cdot ,\theta _{t})=\Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta )}dt+\Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta )}\circ dY_{t}}
3475:
2058:
595:
386:
14067:
13835:
13556:
13481:
13410:
13339:
13259:
13247:
13117:
13105:
13098:
12806:
12527:
12107:
11908:
11822:
11807:
11738:
11314:
11197:
11095:
3173:
2857:
10329:
10270:
9768:
9645:
A further benefit of the Ito vector projection is that it minimizes the order 1 Taylor expansion in
9586:
9527:
9336:
The Ito-vector projection is obtained as follows. Let us choose a norm for the space of densities,
9143:
8529:
of square roots of an exponential family of densities is equivalent to the assumed density filters.
1715:
denotes transposition. To derive the first version of the projection filters, one needs to put the
14550:
14317:
14180:
13865:
13830:
13794:
13579:
13021:
12930:
12889:
12801:
12492:
12331:
11941:
11827:
11329:
11304:
11249:
9824:
convergence, the Ito-jet projection is introduced. It is based on the notion of metric projection.
11003:
Broecker, Jochen; Parlitz, Ulrich (2000). "Noise reduction and filtering of chaotic time series".
4870:
4840:
14667:
14459:
14072:
14012:
13949:
13587:
13571:
13309:
13171:
13161:
13011:
12925:
12242:
12232:
12047:
11923:
11705:
11630:
11444:
11309:
11165:
11120:
10514:
10127:
10054:
9967:
9900:
9368:
8462:
7814:
6080:
4077:
3739:
359:
10722:
10488:
Both the Ito vector and the Ito jet projection result in final SDEs, driven by the observations
9830:
9339:
9202:
8601:
14497:
14427:
14220:
14157:
13912:
13799:
12796:
12693:
12600:
12479:
12378:
12184:
12112:
11537:
11527:
11371:
10595:
107:
71:
34:, or the differential geometric approach to statistics, used to find approximate solutions for
10567:. Broecker and Parlitz (2000) study projection filter methods for noise reduction in chaotic
10306:
10267:
The detailed calculations are lengthy and laborious, but the resulting approximation achieves
9804:
9648:
9622:
9563:
9395:
9179:
3399:
2205:
14522:
14464:
14407:
14233:
14126:
14035:
13761:
13645:
13504:
13496:
13386:
13378:
13193:
13089:
13067:
13026:
12991:
12958:
12904:
12879:
12834:
12773:
12733:
12535:
12358:
12207:
12189:
12169:
12164:
11883:
11715:
11695:
11542:
11485:
11324:
11234:
10585:
10560:
10078:
9674:
8542:
3763:(direct metric) or of their square roots (Hellinger metric). The direct metric case yields
3649:
173:, the so-called 2-jet interpretation of Ito stochastic differential equations on manifolds.
14445:
14020:
13969:
13945:
13907:
13825:
13804:
13756:
13635:
13613:
13582:
13491:
13368:
13319:
13237:
13210:
13166:
13122:
12884:
12660:
12540:
12282:
12237:
12227:
11913:
11888:
11857:
11837:
11675:
11597:
11582:
11449:
10365:
9421:
4287:
4131:
4104:
3146:
3119:
2915:
2888:
2695:
2668:
2641:
1718:
1245:
984:
705:
678:
651:
624:
415:
162:
137:
67:
51:
31:
9009:
were projected separately. By definition, the projection is the optimal approximation for
8572:
2176:
8:
14592:
14517:
14440:
14121:
13885:
13878:
13840:
13748:
13728:
13700:
13433:
13299:
13294:
13284:
13276:
13094:
13055:
12945:
12935:
12844:
12623:
12579:
12497:
12422:
12324:
12277:
12117:
12042:
11847:
11607:
11517:
11407:
8727:
27:
10491:
3606:
14606:
14417:
14271:
14167:
14116:
13992:
13889:
13873:
13850:
13627:
13361:
13344:
13304:
13215:
13110:
13072:
13043:
13003:
12963:
12909:
12826:
12512:
12507:
12247:
12212:
12127:
12097:
11928:
11867:
11862:
11685:
11522:
11187:
11125:
11064:
10107:
10034:
9072:
9052:
9032:
9012:
8992:
8972:
8707:
8687:
8667:
8647:
7314:
3719:
3699:
3679:
3629:
3586:
3566:
1698:
964:
944:
752:
732:
575:
131:
127:
55:
14601:
14512:
14482:
14474:
14294:
14285:
14210:
14141:
13997:
13982:
13957:
13845:
13786:
13652:
13640:
13266:
13183:
13127:
13050:
12894:
12816:
12595:
12469:
12267:
11480:
11397:
11366:
11259:
11239:
11229:
11085:
11080:
12072:
11723:
14537:
14492:
14256:
14243:
14136:
14111:
14045:
13977:
13855:
13463:
13356:
13289:
13202:
13149:
12968:
12839:
12633:
12517:
12432:
12399:
12287:
12174:
12057:
11933:
11670:
11427:
11402:
11351:
11202:
11155:
10590:
47:
11279:
14454:
14198:
14060:
13987:
13662:
13536:
13509:
13486:
13455:
13082:
13077:
13031:
12761:
12412:
12252:
12152:
12137:
11898:
11832:
11510:
11454:
11437:
11182:
10564:
2844:{\displaystyle d_{2}(p_{1},p_{2})=\Vert p_{1}-p_{2}\Vert \ ,\ \ p_{1,2}\in L^{2}}
440:
166:
75:
46:
One can choose a finite dimensional family of probability densities, for example
13944:
12067:
11299:
8489:
The projection filter in Hellinger/Fisher metric when implemented on a manifold
14403:
14398:
12861:
12791:
12437:
12257:
12222:
12142:
11748:
11495:
11412:
11381:
11376:
11356:
11346:
11289:
11264:
11244:
11209:
11177:
11160:
10735:
10636:
10556:
10551:
8533:
95:
91:
87:
11284:
7801:{\displaystyle d\theta _{i}=\leftdt+\sum _{k=1}^{d}\;\left\circ dY_{t}^{k}\ ,}
14646:
14560:
14527:
14390:
14351:
14162:
14131:
13595:
13549:
13154:
12856:
12683:
12447:
12442:
12159:
11700:
11532:
11490:
11432:
11254:
11170:
11110:
10804:
10668:
9524:
finding the drift term in the approximating Ito equation that minimizes the
123:
9362:, which might be associated with the direct metric or the Hellinger metric.
14502:
14435:
14412:
14327:
13657:
12953:
12851:
12786:
12728:
12713:
12650:
12605:
12217:
12179:
11733:
11665:
11554:
11549:
11361:
11294:
11269:
11105:
8684:
itself. Writing the filtering algorithm in a setting with continuous state
14545:
14507:
14190:
14091:
13953:
13766:
13733:
13225:
13142:
13137:
12781:
12738:
12718:
12698:
12688:
12457:
12262:
11797:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11761:
11564:
11505:
11500:
11464:
11224:
11115:
10568:
3201:) will not evolve inside any finite dimensional family of densitities,
103:
82:
and have also been successfully applied to a variety of fields including
13391:
12871:
12571:
12502:
12452:
12427:
12347:
12272:
11812:
11756:
11640:
11593:
Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model
11033:
10547:
8459:
The projection filter in direct metric, when implemented on a manifold
6068:{\displaystyle d\theta _{i}=\leftdt+\sum _{k=1}^{d}\;\left\circ dY_{k}}
170:
83:
23:
8728:
Optimal projection filters based on Ito vector and Ito jet projections
675:. As hinted above, the full filter is the conditional distribution of
13544:
13396:
13016:
12811:
12723:
12708:
12703:
12668:
11766:
9365:
One chooses the diffusion term in the approximating Ito equation for
2398:{\displaystyle F(p)={\cal {L}}_{t}^{\ast }\,p\,-{\frac {1}{2}}\,p\,,}
883:{\displaystyle p_{t}(x)dx=Prob\{X_{t}\in dx|\sigma (Y_{s},s\leq t)\}}
181:
Here the derivation of the different projection filters is sketched.
13060:
12678:
12555:
12550:
12545:
10538:
that best approximates the exact filter evolution for small times.
63:
10362:
order term of the Taylor expansion of the mean square distance in
8486:
of mixture families, leads to equivalence with a Galerkin method.
3603:
behave as vector fields. Thus, the equation is characterized by a
941:
is the sigma-field generated by the history of noisy observations
14565:
14266:
8969:
In the Stratonovich projection filters above, the vector fields
8532:
One should note that it is also possible to project the simpler
14487:
13468:
13442:
13422:
12673:
12464:
10631:
2055:
Through the chain rule, it's immediate to derive the SPDE for
769:. If this distribution has a density described informally as
342:{\displaystyle dX_{t}=f(X_{t},t)\,dt+\sigma (X_{t},t)\,dW_{t}}
12316:
8959:{\displaystyle dp_{t}={\cal {L}}_{t}^{*}p_{t}\ dt+p_{t}^{T}.}
119:
99:
10907:
10784:
4128:, it is assumed to act component-wise by projecting each of
1232:{\displaystyle dp_{t}={\cal {L}}_{t}^{*}p_{t}\ dt+p_{t}^{T}}
12407:
10723:
Des resultats de non existence de filtre de dimension finie
9583:
order term is minimized, not zeroed, and one never attains
11573:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model
10869:
9089:
separately, does not guarantee optimality of the solution
8450:{\displaystyle +\sum _{k=1}^{d}\;\left\circ dY_{t}^{k}\ .}
10641:
9415:
term of the Taylor expansion for the mean square error
2629:{\displaystyle d{\sqrt {p}}={\frac {1}{2{\sqrt {p}}}}\ .}
2089:. To shorten notation one may rewrite this last SPDE as
11101:
Independent and identically distributed random variables
184:
10721:
Chaleyat-Maurel, Mireille and Dominique Michel (1984),
11578:
Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model
10182:
9259:
10929:
Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics
10517:
10494:
10440:
10395:
10368:
10332:
10309:
10273:
10157:
10130:
10110:
10081:
10057:
10037:
9997:
9970:
9930:
9903:
9866:
9833:
9807:
9771:
9677:
9651:
9625:
9589:
9566:
9530:
9424:
9398:
9371:
9342:
9234:
9205:
9182:
9146:
9095:
9075:
9055:
9035:
9015:
8995:
8975:
8741:
8710:
8690:
8670:
8650:
8604:
8575:
8545:
8495:
8465:
8248:
7847:
7817:
7340:
7317:
7047:
6910:
6592:
6116:
6083:
5685:
5122:
4906:
4873:
4843:
4600:
4352:
4317:
4290:
4164:
4134:
4107:
4080:
4045:
4003:
3772:
3742:
3722:
3702:
3682:
3652:
3632:
3609:
3589:
3569:
3520:
3478:
3438:
3402:
3210:
3176:
3149:
3122:
3096:
2948:
2918:
2891:
2860:
2728:
2698:
2671:
2644:
2531:
2414:
2247:
2208:
2179:
2095:
2061:
1751:
1721:
1701:
1665:
1389:
1350:
1275:
1248:
1017:
987:
967:
947:
899:
778:
755:
735:
708:
681:
654:
627:
598:
578:
494:
449:
418:
389:
362:
248:
199:
140:
14229:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
4155:'s components. As a basis of this tangent space is
10624:"Swedish Defense Research Agency Scientific Report"
981:, under suitable technical conditions the density
13691:
10725:. Stochastics, volume 13, issue 1+2, pages 83â102.
10702:
10667:
10530:
10503:
10477:
10426:
10381:
10354:
10318:
10295:
10257:
10143:
10116:
10096:
10067:
10043:
10023:
9983:
9956:
9916:
9889:
9852:
9816:
9793:
9754:
9660:
9634:
9611:
9575:
9552:
9512:
9407:
9384:
9354:
9325:
9217:
9191:
9168:
9132:
9081:
9061:
9041:
9021:
9001:
8981:
8958:
8716:
8696:
8676:
8656:
8636:
8590:
8561:
8521:
8478:
8449:
8233:
7830:
7800:
7323:
7300:
7027:
6891:
6576:
6096:
6067:
5668:
5102:
4889:
4859:
4826:
4580:
4335:
4303:
4273:
4147:
4120:
4093:
4066:
4031:
3986:
3755:
3728:
3708:
3688:
3668:
3638:
3618:
3595:
3575:
3552:
3506:
3464:
3424:
3385:
3193:
3162:
3135:
3108:
3079:
2931:
2904:
2877:
2843:
2711:
2684:
2657:
2628:
2514:
2397:
2230:
2194:
2163:
2081:
2044:
1734:
1707:
1687:
1648:
1372:
1336:
1261:
1231:
1000:
973:
953:
933:
882:
761:
741:
721:
694:
667:
640:
613:
584:
561:
477:
431:
404:
375:
341:
227:
153:
41:specific stochastic partial differential equations
10986:Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
10926:
14644:
11460:Stochastic chains with memory of variable length
10698:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10686:
193:It is assumed that the unobserved random signal
176:
13777:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
11002:
10618:
10616:
2164:{\displaystyle dp=F(p)\,dt+G^{T}(p)\circ dY\ ,}
11017:
10983:
10964:
10945:
10853:The International Journal of Robotics Research
10787:Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society
10758:
10478:{\displaystyle p(\cdot ,\theta _{0+\delta t})}
9133:{\displaystyle p(\cdot ,\theta _{0+\delta t})}
4101:, and where, when applied to a vector such as
12332:
11049:
10683:
4336:{\displaystyle \langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle }
4039:is the tangent space projection at the point
10827:
10825:
10736:https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(83)90074-9
10613:
10249:
10197:
9746:
9678:
9498:
9438:
9349:
9343:
9317:
9274:
9212:
9206:
8156:
8133:
6435:
6413:
6398:
6376:
4330:
4318:
3396:The projection filter idea is approximating
3374:
3319:
3275:
3224:
3103:
3097:
3033:
2999:
2797:
2771:
2496:
2475:
2386:
2377:
2355:
2352:
2330:
2308:
2007:
1986:
1918:
1909:
1887:
1884:
1855:
1833:
877:
819:
562:{\displaystyle dY_{t}=b(X_{t},t)\,dt+dV_{t}}
10850:
10814:
10812:
10780:
10778:
10776:
10774:
10761:Mathematics of Control, Signals and Systems
10754:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10663:
10661:
10659:
10657:
10655:
10653:
12377:
12339:
12325:
11588:Autoregressiveâmoving-average (ARMA) model
11056:
11042:
10888:
10882:
10805:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41884-023-00108-x
9225:to be applied to the solution, for which
8408:
8358:
8329:
8273:
8060:
8010:
7928:
7759:
7709:
7631:
7575:
7533:
7483:
7412:
6850:
6800:
6774:
6673:
6617:
6556:
6506:
6480:
6357:
6248:
6197:
6037:
5987:
5942:
5886:
5795:
5757:
5602:
5497:
5374:
5276:
4779:
4712:
3553:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p(x,\theta _{t})}}}
113:
16:Geometric algorithms for signal processing
12990:
10822:
7954:
7288:
7245:
7202:
7119:
6221:
5547:
5319:
4724:
4571:
4528:
4427:
3876:
3736:on the tangent space of the densities in
3364:
3265:
2579:
2440:
2304:
2300:
2286:
2282:
2117:
1944:
1924:
1829:
1818:
1798:
1787:
1008:satisfies the KushnerâStratonovich SPDE:
601:
536:
478:{\displaystyle Y_{t}\in \mathbb {R} ^{d}}
465:
392:
366:
325:
290:
228:{\displaystyle X_{t}\in \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
215:
11063:
10809:
10771:
10741:
10650:
4032:{\displaystyle \Pi _{p(\cdot ,\theta )}}
1742:SPDE in Stratonovich form. One obtains
10996:
10797:
8234:{\displaystyle d\theta _{i}(t)=\leftdt}
14645:
14303:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
11894:Doob's martingale convergence theorems
10920:
10910:IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
10844:
10673:IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
9560:term of the same difference. Here the
7811:again with initial condition a chosen
1337:{\displaystyle E_{p}=\int h(x)p(x)dx,}
934:{\displaystyle \sigma (Y_{s},s\leq t)}
14376:
13943:
13690:
12989:
12759:
12376:
12320:
11646:Constant elasticity of variance (CEV)
11636:ChanâKarolyiâLongstaffâSanders (CKLS)
11037:
10977:
10958:
10863:
4897:. The projected equation thus reads
185:Stratonovich-based projection filters
14613:
14313:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
10901:
10427:{\displaystyle \pi (p_{0+\delta t})}
9890:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p}}\in L^{2}}
9392:by minimizing (but not zeroing) the
1688:{\displaystyle a=\sigma \sigma ^{T}}
648:is a Brownian motion independent of
14625:
13908:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
12760:
10939:
9827:The metric projection of a density
3472:) via a finite dimensional density
1344:and the forward diffusion operator
13:
14003:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
12629:Pearson product-moment correlation
12133:Skorokhod's representation theorem
11914:Law of large numbers (weak/strong)
11011:
10136:
10003:
9976:
9936:
9909:
8761:
8501:
8471:
8392:
8362:
8198:
8168:
8044:
8014:
7938:
7743:
7713:
7517:
7487:
7272:
7249:
7229:
7206:
7138:
7126:
7103:
7091:
7001:
6974:
6946:
6919:
6834:
6804:
6540:
6510:
6282:
6252:
6205:
6021:
5991:
5829:
5799:
5631:
5606:
5576:
5551:
5403:
5378:
5348:
5323:
5147:
5013:
4939:
4808:
4783:
4753:
4728:
4602:
4555:
4532:
4512:
4489:
4459:
4434:
4411:
4386:
4247:
4224:
4196:
4173:
4086:
4005:
3887:
3805:
3748:
3465:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p_{t}(x)}}}
3356:
3298:
3257:
3216:
3109:{\displaystyle \Vert \cdot \Vert }
2266:
1771:
1577:
1564:
1554:
1445:
1441:
1393:
1373:{\displaystyle {\cal {L}}_{t}^{*}}
1354:
1037:
14:
14684:
14673:Stochastic differential equations
12103:Martingale representation theorem
10024:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }^{1/2}}
9957:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }^{1/2}}
9140:as an approximation of the exact
8522:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }^{1/2}}
7841:Substituting F and G one obtains
4284:by denoting the inner product of
4067:{\displaystyle p(\cdot ,\theta )}
2515:{\displaystyle G^{T}(p)=p\,^{T}.}
102:diameters, estimation of chaotic
14624:
14612:
14600:
14587:
14586:
14377:
12148:Stochastic differential equation
12038:Doob's optional stopping theorem
12033:DoobâMeyer decomposition theorem
10891:Journal of Computational Physics
10326:order term and it minimizes the
6077:with initial condition a chosen
3507:{\displaystyle p(x,\theta _{t})}
2082:{\displaystyle d{\sqrt {p_{t}}}}
614:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}}
405:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{m}}
237:stochastic differential equation
60:stochastic differential equation
14262:Least-squares spectral analysis
12018:Convergence of random variables
11904:FisherâTippettâGnedenko theorem
10834:
10541:
8704:and discrete time observations
3194:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p_{t}}}}
2878:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p_{t}}}}
165:coincide with filters based on
80:Swedish Defense Research Agency
13243:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
12346:
11616:Binomial options pricing model
11020:Journal of Industrial Textiles
10728:
10715:
10472:
10444:
10421:
10399:
10355:{\displaystyle (\delta t)^{2}}
10343:
10333:
10296:{\displaystyle (\delta t)^{2}}
10284:
10274:
10246:
10234:
10225:
10203:
10091:
10085:
9794:{\displaystyle (\delta t)^{2}}
9782:
9772:
9743:
9740:
9712:
9684:
9612:{\displaystyle (\delta t)^{2}}
9600:
9590:
9553:{\displaystyle (\delta t)^{2}}
9541:
9531:
9507:
9494:
9466:
9435:
9314:
9302:
9169:{\displaystyle p_{0+\delta t}}
9127:
9099:
8950:
8941:
8938:
8926:
8920:
8884:
8875:
8871:
8868:
8856:
8850:
8827:
8815:
8809:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8606:
8585:
8579:
8387:
8368:
8355:
8343:
8326:
8313:
8193:
8174:
8152:
8146:
8117:
8104:
8039:
8020:
8004:
7985:
7977:
7958:
7925:
7912:
7867:
7861:
7738:
7719:
7703:
7684:
7676:
7673:
7654:
7648:
7628:
7615:
7512:
7493:
7477:
7458:
7450:
7447:
7428:
7422:
7409:
7396:
7267:
7255:
7224:
7212:
7196:
7184:
7077:
7071:
6994:
6982:
6939:
6927:
6829:
6810:
6797:
6778:
6760:
6741:
6735:
6723:
6704:
6692:
6670:
6657:
6535:
6516:
6503:
6484:
6466:
6447:
6431:
6419:
6394:
6382:
6354:
6341:
6277:
6258:
6244:
6225:
6194:
6181:
6136:
6130:
6016:
5997:
5984:
5981:
5962:
5956:
5939:
5926:
5824:
5805:
5792:
5789:
5770:
5764:
5754:
5741:
5625:
5613:
5570:
5558:
5541:
5538:
5519:
5513:
5494:
5488:
5397:
5385:
5342:
5330:
5313:
5310:
5291:
5285:
5273:
5267:
5172:
5153:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5056:
5050:
5037:
5032:
5020:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4958:
4946:
4932:
4913:
4802:
4790:
4747:
4735:
4709:
4703:
4637:
4631:
4621:
4609:
4550:
4538:
4507:
4495:
4453:
4441:
4405:
4393:
4372:
4366:
4242:
4230:
4191:
4179:
4061:
4049:
4024:
4012:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3937:
3931:
3918:
3913:
3894:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3831:
3812:
3798:
3779:
3545:
3526:
3501:
3482:
3457:
3451:
3419:
3413:
3377:
3339:
3327:
3281:
3242:
3230:
2993:
2959:
2765:
2739:
2617:
2605:
2599:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2500:
2493:
2481:
2459:
2447:
2441:
2431:
2425:
2389:
2373:
2361:
2326:
2314:
2305:
2257:
2251:
2225:
2219:
2189:
2183:
2143:
2137:
2114:
2108:
2011:
2004:
1992:
1963:
1951:
1945:
1921:
1905:
1893:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1621:
1609:
1593:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1486:
1474:
1461:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1292:
1286:
1226:
1217:
1214:
1202:
1196:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1103:
1091:
1085:
928:
903:
874:
849:
842:
795:
789:
533:
514:
322:
303:
287:
268:
1:
14556:Geographic information system
13772:Simultaneous equations models
12083:Kolmogorov continuity theorem
11919:Law of the iterated logarithm
10606:
10601:Recursive Bayesian estimation
3116:is the norm of Hilbert space
177:Projection filters derivation
13739:Coefficient of determination
13350:Uniformly most powerful test
12088:Kolmogorov extension theorem
11767:Generalized queueing network
11275:Interacting particle systems
4890:{\displaystyle \gamma _{ij}}
4860:{\displaystyle \gamma ^{ij}}
2525:The square root version is
7:
14308:Proportional hazards models
14252:Spectral density estimation
14234:Vector autoregression (VAR)
13668:Maximum posterior estimator
12900:Randomized controlled trial
11220:Continuous-time random walk
10574:
10531:{\displaystyle \theta _{t}}
10144:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
10068:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {p}}}
9984:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
9917:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
9385:{\displaystyle \theta _{t}}
8479:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
7831:{\displaystyle \theta _{0}}
7038:and one defines the metric
6097:{\displaystyle \theta _{0}}
4591:and the projection is thus
4094:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
3756:{\displaystyle S_{\Theta }}
376:{\displaystyle \sigma \,dW}
10:
14689:
14068:Multivariate distributions
12488:Average absolute deviation
12228:Extreme value theory (EVT)
12028:Doob decomposition theorem
11320:OrnsteinâUhlenbeck process
11091:Chinese restaurant process
9964:) is the closest point on
9853:{\displaystyle p\in L^{2}}
9355:{\displaystyle \|\cdot \|}
9218:{\displaystyle \|\cdot \|}
9199:. One may look for a norm
8637:{\displaystyle |b(x)|^{2}}
14582:
14536:
14473:
14426:
14389:
14385:
14372:
14344:
14326:
14293:
14284:
14242:
14189:
14150:
14099:
14090:
14056:Structural equation model
14011:
13968:
13964:
13939:
13898:
13864:
13818:
13785:
13747:
13714:
13710:
13686:
13626:
13535:
13454:
13418:
13409:
13392:Score/Lagrange multiplier
13377:
13330:
13275:
13201:
13192:
13002:
12998:
12985:
12944:
12918:
12870:
12825:
12807:Sample size determination
12772:
12768:
12755:
12659:
12614:
12588:
12570:
12526:
12478:
12398:
12389:
12385:
12372:
12354:
12296:
12200:
12108:Optional stopping theorem
12005:
11967:
11909:Large deviation principle
11876:
11790:
11747:
11714:
11661:HeathâJarrowâMorton (HJM)
11606:
11598:Moving-average (MA) model
11583:Autoregressive (AR) model
11563:
11473:
11408:Hidden Markov model (HMM)
11390:
11342:SchrammâLoewner evolution
11146:
11071:
9801:convergence, rather than
4343:, one defines the metric
132:Fisher information metric
14653:Computational statistics
14551:Environmental statistics
14073:Elliptical distributions
13866:Generalized linear model
13795:Simple linear regression
13565:HodgesâLehmann estimator
13022:Probability distribution
12931:Stochastic approximation
12493:Coefficient of variation
12023:DolĂŠans-Dade exponential
11853:Progressively measurable
11651:CoxâIngersollâRoss (CIR)
10319:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9817:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9661:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9635:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9576:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9408:{\displaystyle \delta t}
9192:{\displaystyle \delta t}
5113:which can be written as
3425:{\displaystyle p_{t}(x)}
2231:{\displaystyle G^{T}(p)}
14211:Cross-correlation (XCF)
13819:Non-standard predictors
13253:LehmannâScheffĂŠ theorem
12926:Adaptive clinical trial
12243:Mathematical statistics
12233:Large deviations theory
12063:Infinitesimal generator
11924:Maximal ergodic theorem
11843:Piecewise-deterministic
11445:Random dynamical system
11310:Markov additive process
10841:10.1098/rspa.2017.0559.
10097:{\displaystyle \pi (p)}
8664:is exact, resulting in
235:is modelled by the Ito
114:History and development
14607:Mathematics portal
14428:Engineering statistics
14336:NelsonâAalen estimator
13913:Analysis of covariance
13800:Ordinary least squares
13724:Pearson product-moment
13128:Statistical functional
13039:Empirical distribution
12872:Controlled experiments
12601:Frequency distribution
12379:Descriptive statistics
12078:KarhunenâLoève theorem
12013:CameronâMartin formula
11977:BurkholderâDavisâGundy
11372:Variance gamma process
10596:Extended Kalman filter
10532:
10505:
10479:
10428:
10383:
10356:
10320:
10297:
10259:
10145:
10118:
10098:
10069:
10045:
10025:
9985:
9958:
9918:
9891:
9854:
9818:
9795:
9756:
9755:{\displaystyle \|E\|.}
9662:
9636:
9613:
9577:
9554:
9514:
9409:
9386:
9356:
9327:
9219:
9193:
9170:
9134:
9083:
9063:
9043:
9023:
9003:
8983:
8960:
8718:
8698:
8678:
8658:
8638:
8592:
8563:
8562:{\displaystyle dY_{t}}
8523:
8480:
8451:
8299:
8272:
8235:
8090:
7898:
7832:
7802:
7601:
7574:
7382:
7325:
7302:
7029:
6893:
6643:
6616:
6578:
6327:
6167:
6098:
6069:
5912:
5885:
5727:
5670:
5474:
5448:
5253:
5227:
5143:
5104:
4891:
4861:
4828:
4689:
4663:
4582:
4337:
4305:
4275:
4149:
4122:
4095:
4068:
4033:
3988:
3757:
3730:
3710:
3690:
3670:
3669:{\displaystyle dY_{t}}
3640:
3620:
3597:
3577:
3554:
3508:
3466:
3426:
3387:
3195:
3164:
3137:
3110:
3081:
2933:
2906:
2879:
2845:
2713:
2686:
2659:
2630:
2516:
2399:
2232:
2196:
2165:
2083:
2046:
1736:
1709:
1689:
1650:
1550:
1438:
1374:
1338:
1263:
1233:
1002:
975:
955:
935:
884:
763:
743:
723:
696:
669:
642:
615:
586:
563:
479:
433:
406:
377:
343:
229:
155:
108:change point detection
72:extended Kalman filter
14523:Population statistics
14465:System identification
14199:Autocorrelation (ACF)
14127:Exponential smoothing
14041:Discriminant analysis
14036:Canonical correlation
13900:Partition of variance
13762:Regression validation
13606:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
13505:Likelihood-ratio test
13194:Frequentist inference
13106:Locationâscale family
13027:Sampling distribution
12992:Statistical inference
12959:Cross-sectional study
12946:Observational studies
12905:Randomized experiment
12734:Stem-and-leaf display
12536:Central limit theorem
12208:Actuarial mathematics
12170:Uniform integrability
12165:Stratonovich integral
12093:LĂŠvyâProkhorov metric
11997:MarcinkiewiczâZygmund
11884:Central limit theorem
11486:Gaussian random field
11315:McKeanâVlasov process
11235:Dyson Brownian motion
11096:GaltonâWatson process
10586:Generalized filtering
10561:changepoint detection
10533:
10506:
10480:
10429:
10384:
10382:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
10357:
10321:
10298:
10260:
10146:
10119:
10099:
10070:
10046:
10026:
9986:
9959:
9919:
9892:
9855:
9819:
9796:
9757:
9663:
9637:
9614:
9578:
9555:
9515:
9513:{\displaystyle E_{t}}
9410:
9387:
9357:
9328:
9220:
9194:
9171:
9135:
9084:
9064:
9044:
9024:
9004:
8984:
8961:
8719:
8699:
8679:
8659:
8639:
8593:
8564:
8524:
8481:
8452:
8279:
8252:
8236:
8070:
7878:
7833:
7803:
7581:
7554:
7362:
7326:
7303:
7030:
6894:
6623:
6596:
6579:
6307:
6147:
6099:
6070:
5892:
5865:
5707:
5671:
5454:
5428:
5233:
5207:
5123:
5105:
4892:
4862:
4829:
4669:
4643:
4583:
4338:
4306:
4304:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
4276:
4150:
4148:{\displaystyle G^{T}}
4123:
4121:{\displaystyle G^{T}}
4096:
4069:
4034:
3989:
3758:
3731:
3711:
3691:
3671:
3641:
3621:
3598:
3578:
3555:
3509:
3467:
3427:
3388:
3196:
3165:
3163:{\displaystyle p_{t}}
3138:
3136:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
3111:
3082:
2934:
2932:{\displaystyle d_{H}}
2907:
2905:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
2880:
2846:
2714:
2712:{\displaystyle d_{2}}
2687:
2685:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
2660:
2658:{\displaystyle p_{t}}
2631:
2517:
2400:
2233:
2197:
2166:
2084:
2047:
1737:
1735:{\displaystyle p_{t}}
1710:
1690:
1651:
1524:
1418:
1375:
1339:
1269:is the expectation
1264:
1262:{\displaystyle E_{p}}
1234:
1003:
1001:{\displaystyle p_{t}}
976:
956:
936:
885:
764:
744:
724:
722:{\displaystyle X_{0}}
697:
695:{\displaystyle X_{t}}
670:
668:{\displaystyle W_{t}}
643:
641:{\displaystyle V_{t}}
616:
587:
564:
480:
434:
432:{\displaystyle W_{t}}
407:
378:
344:
230:
163:mixture distributions
156:
154:{\displaystyle L^{2}}
14446:Probabilistic design
14031:Principal components
13874:Exponential families
13826:Nonlinear regression
13805:General linear model
13767:Mixed effects models
13757:Errors and residuals
13734:Confounding variable
13636:Bayesian probability
13614:Van der Waerden test
13604:Ordered alternative
13369:Multiple comparisons
13248:RaoâBlackwellization
13211:Estimating equations
13167:Statistical distance
12885:Factorial experiment
12418:Arithmetic-Geometric
12283:Time series analysis
12238:Mathematical finance
12123:Reflection principle
11450:Regenerative process
11250:FlemingâViot process
11065:Stochastic processes
10515:
10511:, for the parameter
10492:
10438:
10393:
10366:
10330:
10307:
10271:
10155:
10128:
10108:
10079:
10055:
10035:
9995:
9968:
9928:
9901:
9897:) onto the manifold
9864:
9831:
9805:
9769:
9675:
9649:
9623:
9587:
9564:
9528:
9422:
9396:
9369:
9340:
9232:
9203:
9180:
9144:
9093:
9073:
9053:
9033:
9013:
8993:
8973:
8739:
8708:
8688:
8668:
8648:
8602:
8591:{\displaystyle b(x)}
8573:
8543:
8493:
8463:
8246:
7845:
7815:
7338:
7315:
7045:
6908:
6590:
6114:
6081:
5683:
5120:
4904:
4871:
4841:
4598:
4350:
4315:
4288:
4162:
4132:
4105:
4078:
4043:
4001:
3770:
3740:
3720:
3700:
3680:
3650:
3630:
3607:
3587:
3567:
3518:
3476:
3436:
3400:
3208:
3174:
3147:
3120:
3094:
2946:
2916:
2889:
2858:
2726:
2696:
2669:
2642:
2529:
2412:
2245:
2206:
2195:{\displaystyle F(p)}
2177:
2173:where the operators
2093:
2059:
1749:
1719:
1699:
1663:
1387:
1348:
1273:
1246:
1015:
985:
965:
945:
897:
776:
753:
733:
706:
679:
652:
625:
596:
576:
492:
447:
416:
387:
360:
246:
197:
138:
68:information geometry
56:exponential families
32:information geometry
14518:Official statistics
14441:Methods engineering
14122:Seasonal adjustment
13890:Poisson regressions
13810:Bayesian regression
13749:Regression analysis
13729:Partial correlation
13701:Regression analysis
13300:Prediction interval
13295:Likelihood interval
13285:Confidence interval
13277:Interval estimation
13238:Unbiased estimators
13056:Model specification
12936:Up-and-down designs
12624:Partial correlation
12580:Index of dispersion
12498:Interquartile range
12278:Stochastic analysis
12118:Quadratic variation
12113:Prokhorov's theorem
12048:FeynmanâKac formula
11518:Markov random field
11166:Birthâdeath process
10020:
9953:
8776:
8518:
8440:
7953:
7791:
6882:
6220:
4867:is the inverse of
4630:
3315:
2281:
1786:
1408:
1369:
1052:
729:and the history of
28:stochastic analysis
14538:Spatial statistics
14418:Medical statistics
14318:First hitting time
14272:Whittle likelihood
13923:Degrees of freedom
13918:Multivariate ANOVA
13851:Heteroscedasticity
13663:Bayesian estimator
13628:Bayesian inference
13477:KolmogorovâSmirnov
13362:Randomization test
13332:Testing hypotheses
13305:Tolerance interval
13216:Maximum likelihood
13111:Exponential family
13044:Density estimation
13004:Statistical theory
12964:Natural experiment
12910:Scientific control
12827:Survey methodology
12513:Standard deviation
12248:Probability theory
12128:Skorokhod integral
12098:Malliavin calculus
11681:Korn-Kreer-Lenssen
11565:Time series models
11528:PitmanâYor process
10528:
10504:{\displaystyle dY}
10501:
10475:
10424:
10379:
10352:
10316:
10293:
10255:
10186:
10141:
10114:
10094:
10065:
10041:
10021:
9998:
9981:
9954:
9931:
9914:
9887:
9850:
9814:
9791:
9752:
9658:
9632:
9619:convergence, only
9609:
9573:
9550:
9510:
9405:
9382:
9352:
9323:
9263:
9215:
9189:
9166:
9130:
9079:
9059:
9039:
9019:
8999:
8979:
8956:
8758:
8714:
8694:
8674:
8654:
8634:
8598:'s components and
8588:
8559:
8519:
8496:
8476:
8447:
8426:
8231:
7935:
7828:
7798:
7777:
7321:
7298:
7025:
6889:
6868:
6574:
6202:
6094:
6065:
5666:
5100:
4887:
4857:
4824:
4601:
4578:
4333:
4301:
4271:
4145:
4118:
4091:
4064:
4029:
3984:
3753:
3726:
3706:
3686:
3666:
3636:
3619:{\displaystyle dt}
3616:
3593:
3573:
3550:
3504:
3462:
3422:
3383:
3293:
3191:
3160:
3133:
3106:
3077:
2929:
2912:(Hellinger metric
2902:
2875:
2841:
2709:
2682:
2655:
2626:
2512:
2395:
2263:
2228:
2192:
2161:
2079:
2042:
1768:
1732:
1705:
1685:
1646:
1390:
1370:
1351:
1334:
1259:
1229:
1034:
998:
971:
951:
931:
880:
759:
739:
719:
702:given a prior for
692:
665:
638:
611:
582:
559:
475:
429:
402:
373:
339:
225:
151:
128:Hellinger distance
48:Gaussian densities
36:filtering problems
20:Projection filters
14663:Signal estimation
14658:Nonlinear filters
14640:
14639:
14578:
14577:
14574:
14573:
14513:National accounts
14483:Actuarial science
14475:Social statistics
14368:
14367:
14364:
14363:
14360:
14359:
14295:Survival function
14280:
14279:
14142:Granger causality
13983:Contingency table
13958:Survival analysis
13935:
13934:
13931:
13930:
13787:Linear regression
13682:
13681:
13678:
13677:
13653:Credible interval
13622:
13621:
13405:
13404:
13221:Method of moments
13090:Parametric family
13051:Statistical model
12981:
12980:
12977:
12976:
12895:Random assignment
12817:Statistical power
12751:
12750:
12747:
12746:
12596:Contingency table
12566:
12565:
12433:Generalized/power
12314:
12313:
12268:Signal processing
11987:Doob's upcrossing
11982:Doob's martingale
11946:EngelbertâSchmidt
11889:Donsker's theorem
11823:Feller-continuous
11691:RendlemanâBartter
11481:Dirichlet process
11398:Branching process
11367:Telegraph process
11260:Geometric process
11240:Empirical process
11230:Diffusion process
11086:Branching process
11081:Bernoulli process
10581:Filtering problem
10196:
10185:
10117:{\displaystyle p}
10063:
10044:{\displaystyle p}
9872:
9273:
9262:
9082:{\displaystyle G}
9062:{\displaystyle F}
9042:{\displaystyle G}
9022:{\displaystyle F}
9002:{\displaystyle G}
8982:{\displaystyle F}
8789:
8717:{\displaystyle Y}
8697:{\displaystyle X}
8677:{\displaystyle G}
8657:{\displaystyle G}
8443:
8406:
8212:
8131:
8058:
8008:
7794:
7757:
7707:
7531:
7481:
7324:{\displaystyle g}
7286:
7243:
7200:
7170:
7152:
7134:
7117:
7099:
7056:
7015:
6997:
6960:
6942:
6885:
6848:
6554:
6369:
6296:
6035:
5843:
5645:
5590:
5417:
5362:
5186:
4822:
4767:
4569:
4526:
4473:
4425:
4261:
4210:
4074:for the manifold
3983:
3729:{\displaystyle G}
3709:{\displaystyle F}
3689:{\displaystyle G}
3639:{\displaystyle F}
3596:{\displaystyle G}
3576:{\displaystyle F}
3548:
3460:
3349:
3342:
3292:
3280:
3250:
3189:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3031:
3014:
2991:
2974:
2873:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2622:
2562:
2559:
2540:
2298:
2157:
2077:
2038:
1816:
1708:{\displaystyle T}
1591:
1522:
1459:
1065:
974:{\displaystyle t}
954:{\displaystyle Y}
762:{\displaystyle t}
742:{\displaystyle Y}
585:{\displaystyle b}
110:and other areas.
14680:
14628:
14627:
14616:
14615:
14605:
14604:
14590:
14589:
14493:Crime statistics
14387:
14386:
14374:
14373:
14291:
14290:
14257:Fourier analysis
14244:Frequency domain
14224:
14171:
14137:Structural break
14097:
14096:
14046:Cluster analysis
13993:Log-linear model
13966:
13965:
13941:
13940:
13882:
13856:Homoscedasticity
13712:
13711:
13688:
13687:
13607:
13599:
13591:
13590:(KruskalâWallis)
13575:
13560:
13515:Cross validation
13500:
13482:AndersonâDarling
13429:
13416:
13415:
13387:Likelihood-ratio
13379:Parametric tests
13357:Permutation test
13340:1- & 2-tails
13231:Minimum distance
13203:Point estimation
13199:
13198:
13150:Optimal decision
13101:
13000:
12999:
12987:
12986:
12969:Quasi-experiment
12919:Adaptive designs
12770:
12769:
12757:
12756:
12634:Rank correlation
12396:
12395:
12387:
12386:
12374:
12373:
12341:
12334:
12327:
12318:
12317:
12288:Machine learning
12175:Usual hypotheses
12058:Girsanov theorem
12043:Dynkin's formula
11808:Continuous paths
11716:Actuarial models
11656:GarmanâKohlhagen
11626:BlackâKarasinski
11621:BlackâDermanâToy
11608:Financial models
11474:Fields and other
11403:Gaussian process
11352:Sigma-martingale
11156:Additive process
11058:
11051:
11044:
11035:
11034:
11028:
11027:
11015:
11009:
11008:
11005:Proc. NOLTA 2000
11000:
10994:
10993:
10981:
10975:
10974:
10962:
10956:
10955:
10943:
10937:
10936:
10924:
10918:
10917:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10886:
10880:
10879:
10867:
10861:
10860:
10848:
10842:
10838:
10832:
10829:
10820:
10816:
10807:
10801:
10795:
10794:
10782:
10769:
10768:
10756:
10739:
10732:
10726:
10719:
10713:
10712:
10700:
10681:
10680:
10665:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10635:. Archived from
10628:
10620:
10591:Nonlinear filter
10537:
10535:
10534:
10529:
10527:
10526:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10502:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10470:
10433:
10431:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10419:
10388:
10386:
10385:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10361:
10359:
10358:
10353:
10351:
10350:
10325:
10323:
10322:
10317:
10302:
10300:
10299:
10294:
10292:
10291:
10264:
10262:
10261:
10256:
10224:
10223:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10183:
10176:
10175:
10150:
10148:
10147:
10142:
10140:
10139:
10123:
10121:
10120:
10115:
10103:
10101:
10100:
10095:
10075:). Denote it by
10074:
10072:
10071:
10066:
10064:
10059:
10050:
10048:
10047:
10042:
10030:
10028:
10027:
10022:
10019:
10015:
10006:
9990:
9988:
9987:
9982:
9980:
9979:
9963:
9961:
9960:
9955:
9952:
9948:
9939:
9923:
9921:
9920:
9915:
9913:
9912:
9896:
9894:
9893:
9888:
9886:
9885:
9873:
9868:
9859:
9857:
9856:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9823:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9800:
9798:
9797:
9792:
9790:
9789:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9739:
9738:
9705:
9704:
9667:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9633:
9618:
9616:
9615:
9610:
9608:
9607:
9582:
9580:
9579:
9574:
9559:
9557:
9556:
9551:
9549:
9548:
9519:
9517:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9505:
9493:
9492:
9459:
9458:
9434:
9433:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9406:
9391:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9381:
9380:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9353:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9295:
9294:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9252:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9216:
9198:
9196:
9195:
9190:
9175:
9173:
9172:
9167:
9165:
9164:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9125:
9088:
9086:
9085:
9080:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9060:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9040:
9028:
9026:
9025:
9020:
9008:
9006:
9005:
9000:
8988:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8919:
8918:
8917:
8916:
8899:
8898:
8883:
8882:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8846:
8808:
8807:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8764:
8754:
8753:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8695:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8633:
8632:
8627:
8609:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8504:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8475:
8474:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8448:
8441:
8439:
8434:
8419:
8415:
8407:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8360:
8342:
8341:
8325:
8324:
8312:
8311:
8298:
8293:
8271:
8266:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8224:
8220:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8196:
8192:
8191:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8145:
8144:
8132:
8124:
8116:
8115:
8103:
8102:
8089:
8084:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8055:
8042:
8038:
8037:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8003:
8002:
7980:
7976:
7975:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7941:
7933:
7924:
7923:
7911:
7910:
7897:
7892:
7860:
7859:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7827:
7826:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7792:
7790:
7785:
7770:
7766:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7679:
7672:
7671:
7647:
7646:
7636:
7627:
7626:
7614:
7613:
7600:
7595:
7573:
7568:
7544:
7540:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7515:
7511:
7510:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7453:
7446:
7445:
7417:
7408:
7407:
7395:
7394:
7381:
7376:
7353:
7352:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7270:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7227:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7176:
7171:
7163:
7158:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7089:
7070:
7069:
7057:
7049:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7012:
6999:
6998:
6978:
6972:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6944:
6943:
6923:
6917:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6883:
6881:
6876:
6861:
6857:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6773:
6769:
6759:
6758:
6722:
6721:
6691:
6690:
6669:
6668:
6656:
6655:
6642:
6637:
6615:
6610:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6567:
6563:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6479:
6475:
6465:
6464:
6443:
6442:
6406:
6405:
6370:
6362:
6353:
6352:
6340:
6339:
6326:
6321:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6193:
6192:
6180:
6179:
6166:
6161:
6129:
6128:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6048:
6044:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6019:
6015:
6014:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5955:
5954:
5938:
5937:
5925:
5924:
5911:
5906:
5884:
5879:
5855:
5851:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5753:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5726:
5721:
5698:
5697:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5629:
5628:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5574:
5573:
5549:
5537:
5536:
5512:
5511:
5487:
5486:
5473:
5468:
5447:
5442:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5401:
5400:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5346:
5345:
5321:
5309:
5308:
5266:
5265:
5252:
5247:
5226:
5221:
5203:
5202:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5074:
5073:
5049:
5048:
5036:
5035:
4993:
4992:
4962:
4961:
4931:
4930:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4806:
4805:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4751:
4750:
4726:
4702:
4701:
4688:
4683:
4662:
4657:
4629:
4624:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4553:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4510:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4409:
4408:
4384:
4365:
4364:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4245:
4222:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4194:
4171:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4027:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3955:
3954:
3930:
3929:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3866:
3865:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3797:
3796:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3450:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3412:
3411:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3347:
3343:
3323:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3290:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3248:
3220:
3219:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3003:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2598:
2597:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2474:
2473:
2424:
2423:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2299:
2291:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2155:
2136:
2135:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2019:
2018:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1943:
1942:
1917:
1916:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1863:
1862:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1608:
1607:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1523:
1515:
1498:
1497:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1285:
1284:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1175:
1174:
1159:
1158:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1084:
1083:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1029:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
997:
996:
980:
978:
977:
972:
960:
958:
957:
952:
940:
938:
937:
932:
915:
914:
889:
887:
886:
881:
861:
860:
845:
831:
830:
788:
787:
768:
766:
765:
760:
748:
746:
745:
740:
728:
726:
725:
720:
718:
717:
701:
699:
698:
693:
691:
690:
674:
672:
671:
666:
664:
663:
647:
645:
644:
639:
637:
636:
620:
618:
617:
612:
610:
609:
604:
591:
589:
588:
583:
568:
566:
565:
560:
558:
557:
526:
525:
507:
506:
485:is modelled by
484:
482:
481:
476:
474:
473:
468:
459:
458:
438:
436:
435:
430:
428:
427:
411:
409:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
382:
380:
379:
374:
348:
346:
345:
340:
338:
337:
315:
314:
280:
279:
261:
260:
234:
232:
231:
226:
224:
223:
218:
209:
208:
167:Galerkin methods
160:
158:
157:
152:
150:
149:
98:, estimation of
76:Galerkin methods
66:structure as in
14688:
14687:
14683:
14682:
14681:
14679:
14678:
14677:
14643:
14642:
14641:
14636:
14599:
14570:
14532:
14469:
14455:quality control
14422:
14404:Clinical trials
14381:
14356:
14340:
14328:Hazard function
14322:
14276:
14238:
14222:
14185:
14181:BreuschâGodfrey
14169:
14146:
14086:
14061:Factor analysis
14007:
13988:Graphical model
13960:
13927:
13894:
13880:
13860:
13814:
13781:
13743:
13706:
13705:
13674:
13618:
13605:
13597:
13589:
13573:
13558:
13537:Rank statistics
13531:
13510:Model selection
13498:
13456:Goodness of fit
13450:
13427:
13401:
13373:
13326:
13271:
13260:Median unbiased
13188:
13099:
13032:Order statistic
12994:
12973:
12940:
12914:
12866:
12821:
12764:
12762:Data collection
12743:
12655:
12610:
12584:
12562:
12522:
12474:
12391:Continuous data
12381:
12368:
12350:
12345:
12315:
12310:
12292:
12253:Queueing theory
12196:
12138:Skorokhod space
12001:
11992:KunitaâWatanabe
11963:
11929:Sanov's theorem
11899:Ergodic theorem
11872:
11868:Time-reversible
11786:
11749:Queueing models
11743:
11739:SparreâAnderson
11729:CramĂŠrâLundberg
11710:
11696:SABR volatility
11602:
11559:
11511:Boolean network
11469:
11455:Renewal process
11386:
11335:Non-homogeneous
11325:Poisson process
11215:Contact process
11178:Brownian motion
11148:Continuous time
11142:
11136:Maximal entropy
11067:
11062:
11032:
11031:
11016:
11012:
11001:
10997:
10982:
10978:
10963:
10959:
10944:
10940:
10925:
10921:
10906:
10902:
10887:
10883:
10868:
10864:
10849:
10845:
10839:
10835:
10830:
10823:
10817:
10810:
10802:
10798:
10783:
10772:
10757:
10742:
10733:
10729:
10720:
10716:
10701:
10684:
10666:
10651:
10639:
10626:
10622:
10621:
10614:
10609:
10577:
10565:neural encoding
10544:
10522:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10512:
10493:
10490:
10489:
10457:
10453:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10406:
10402:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10373:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10363:
10346:
10342:
10331:
10328:
10327:
10308:
10305:
10304:
10287:
10283:
10272:
10269:
10268:
10210:
10206:
10188:
10181:
10180:
10162:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10152:
10135:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10109:
10106:
10105:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10011:
10007:
10002:
9996:
9993:
9992:
9975:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9965:
9944:
9940:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9908:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9881:
9877:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9861:
9844:
9840:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9806:
9803:
9802:
9785:
9781:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9725:
9721:
9691:
9687:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9650:
9647:
9646:
9624:
9621:
9620:
9603:
9599:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9544:
9540:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9501:
9497:
9479:
9475:
9445:
9441:
9429:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9366:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9281:
9277:
9265:
9258:
9257:
9239:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9151:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9112:
9108:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9054:
9051:
9050:
9034:
9031:
9030:
9014:
9011:
9010:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8974:
8971:
8970:
8912:
8908:
8907:
8903:
8894:
8890:
8878:
8874:
8842:
8838:
8837:
8833:
8803:
8799:
8781:
8777:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8749:
8745:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8730:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8649:
8646:
8645:
8628:
8623:
8622:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8553:
8549:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8509:
8505:
8500:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8470:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8435:
8430:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8381:
8377:
8361:
8359:
8337:
8333:
8320:
8316:
8304:
8300:
8294:
8283:
8278:
8274:
8267:
8256:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8187:
8183:
8167:
8165:
8159:
8155:
8140:
8136:
8123:
8111:
8107:
8095:
8091:
8085:
8074:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8033:
8029:
8013:
8011:
7998:
7994:
7981:
7971:
7967:
7948:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7932:
7919:
7915:
7903:
7899:
7893:
7882:
7877:
7873:
7855:
7851:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7822:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7786:
7781:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7732:
7728:
7712:
7710:
7697:
7693:
7680:
7667:
7663:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7622:
7618:
7606:
7602:
7596:
7585:
7580:
7576:
7569:
7558:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7506:
7502:
7486:
7484:
7471:
7467:
7454:
7441:
7437:
7418:
7416:
7403:
7399:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7366:
7361:
7357:
7348:
7344:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7248:
7246:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7205:
7203:
7180:
7175:
7162:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7129:
7125:
7123:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7094:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7062:
7058:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6977:
6973:
6971:
6953:
6949:
6945:
6922:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6877:
6872:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6823:
6819:
6803:
6801:
6791:
6787:
6754:
6750:
6717:
6713:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6664:
6660:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6627:
6622:
6618:
6611:
6600:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6529:
6525:
6509:
6507:
6497:
6493:
6460:
6456:
6438:
6434:
6401:
6397:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6348:
6344:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6311:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6267:
6251:
6249:
6238:
6234:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6188:
6184:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6151:
6146:
6142:
6124:
6120:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6088:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6059:
6055:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6006:
5990:
5988:
5975:
5971:
5950:
5946:
5933:
5929:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5880:
5869:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5814:
5798:
5796:
5783:
5779:
5748:
5744:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5657:
5653:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5532:
5528:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5479:
5475:
5469:
5458:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5432:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5304:
5300:
5281:
5277:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5237:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5211:
5198:
5194:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5162:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5094:
5090:
5069:
5065:
5044:
5040:
5016:
5012:
4988:
4984:
4942:
4938:
4926:
4922:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4647:
4625:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4531:
4529:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4488:
4486:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4223:
4221:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3975:
3971:
3950:
3946:
3925:
3921:
3907:
3903:
3890:
3886:
3861:
3857:
3825:
3821:
3808:
3804:
3792:
3788:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3539:
3535:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3495:
3491:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3322:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:. In any case,
3127:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3071:
3067:
3052:
3048:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2835:
2831:
2816:
2812:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:(direct metric
2676:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2593:
2589:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2503:
2499:
2469:
2465:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2380:
2376:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2290:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:are defined as
2213:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2131:
2127:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2030:
2026:
2014:
2010:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1938:
1934:
1912:
1908:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1823:
1819:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1628:
1624:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1528:
1514:
1493:
1489:
1468:
1464:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1150:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1079:
1075:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1012:
992:
988:
986:
983:
982:
966:
963:
962:
946:
943:
942:
910:
906:
898:
895:
894:
856:
852:
841:
826:
822:
783:
779:
777:
774:
773:
754:
751:
750:
734:
731:
730:
713:
709:
707:
704:
703:
686:
682:
680:
677:
676:
659:
655:
653:
650:
649:
632:
628:
626:
623:
622:
605:
600:
599:
597:
594:
593:
577:
574:
573:
553:
549:
521:
517:
502:
498:
493:
490:
489:
469:
464:
463:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:Brownian motion
423:
419:
417:
414:
413:
396:
391:
390:
388:
385:
384:
361:
358:
357:
333:
329:
310:
306:
275:
271:
256:
252:
247:
244:
243:
219:
214:
213:
204:
200:
198:
195:
194:
187:
179:
145:
141:
139:
136:
135:
116:
96:quantum systems
17:
12:
11:
5:
14686:
14676:
14675:
14670:
14668:Control theory
14665:
14660:
14655:
14638:
14637:
14635:
14634:
14622:
14610:
14596:
14583:
14580:
14579:
14576:
14575:
14572:
14571:
14569:
14568:
14563:
14558:
14553:
14548:
14542:
14540:
14534:
14533:
14531:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14479:
14477:
14471:
14470:
14468:
14467:
14462:
14457:
14448:
14443:
14438:
14432:
14430:
14424:
14423:
14421:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14401:
14399:Bioinformatics
14395:
14393:
14383:
14382:
14370:
14369:
14366:
14365:
14362:
14361:
14358:
14357:
14355:
14354:
14348:
14346:
14342:
14341:
14339:
14338:
14332:
14330:
14324:
14323:
14321:
14320:
14315:
14310:
14305:
14299:
14297:
14288:
14282:
14281:
14278:
14277:
14275:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14248:
14246:
14240:
14239:
14237:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14218:
14213:
14208:
14207:
14206:
14204:partial (PACF)
14195:
14193:
14187:
14186:
14184:
14183:
14178:
14173:
14165:
14160:
14154:
14152:
14151:Specific tests
14148:
14147:
14145:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14103:
14101:
14094:
14088:
14087:
14085:
14084:
14083:
14082:
14081:
14080:
14065:
14064:
14063:
14053:
14051:Classification
14048:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14023:
14017:
14015:
14009:
14008:
14006:
14005:
14000:
13998:McNemar's test
13995:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13974:
13972:
13962:
13961:
13937:
13936:
13933:
13932:
13929:
13928:
13926:
13925:
13920:
13915:
13910:
13904:
13902:
13896:
13895:
13893:
13892:
13876:
13870:
13868:
13862:
13861:
13859:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13836:Semiparametric
13833:
13828:
13822:
13820:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13791:
13789:
13783:
13782:
13780:
13779:
13774:
13769:
13764:
13759:
13753:
13751:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13720:
13718:
13708:
13707:
13704:
13703:
13698:
13692:
13684:
13683:
13680:
13679:
13676:
13675:
13673:
13672:
13671:
13670:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13649:
13648:
13643:
13632:
13630:
13624:
13623:
13620:
13619:
13617:
13616:
13611:
13610:
13609:
13601:
13593:
13577:
13574:(MannâWhitney)
13569:
13568:
13567:
13554:
13553:
13552:
13541:
13539:
13533:
13532:
13530:
13529:
13528:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13507:
13502:
13499:(ShapiroâWilk)
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13466:
13460:
13458:
13452:
13451:
13449:
13448:
13440:
13431:
13419:
13413:
13411:Specific tests
13407:
13406:
13403:
13402:
13400:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13383:
13381:
13375:
13374:
13372:
13371:
13366:
13365:
13364:
13354:
13353:
13352:
13342:
13336:
13334:
13328:
13327:
13325:
13324:
13323:
13322:
13317:
13307:
13302:
13297:
13292:
13287:
13281:
13279:
13273:
13272:
13270:
13269:
13264:
13263:
13262:
13257:
13256:
13255:
13250:
13235:
13234:
13233:
13228:
13223:
13218:
13207:
13205:
13196:
13190:
13189:
13187:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13175:
13174:
13164:
13159:
13158:
13157:
13147:
13146:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13114:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13087:
13086:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13065:
13064:
13063:
13058:
13048:
13047:
13046:
13036:
13035:
13034:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13008:
13006:
12996:
12995:
12983:
12982:
12979:
12978:
12975:
12974:
12972:
12971:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12950:
12948:
12942:
12941:
12939:
12938:
12933:
12928:
12922:
12920:
12916:
12915:
12913:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12876:
12874:
12868:
12867:
12865:
12864:
12862:Standard error
12859:
12854:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12842:
12831:
12829:
12823:
12822:
12820:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12792:Optimal design
12789:
12784:
12778:
12776:
12766:
12765:
12753:
12752:
12749:
12748:
12745:
12744:
12742:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12665:
12663:
12657:
12656:
12654:
12653:
12648:
12647:
12646:
12641:
12631:
12626:
12620:
12618:
12612:
12611:
12609:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12592:
12590:
12589:Summary tables
12586:
12585:
12583:
12582:
12576:
12574:
12568:
12567:
12564:
12563:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12538:
12532:
12530:
12524:
12523:
12521:
12520:
12515:
12510:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12484:
12482:
12476:
12475:
12473:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12455:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12430:
12425:
12423:Contraharmonic
12420:
12415:
12404:
12402:
12393:
12383:
12382:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12361:
12355:
12352:
12351:
12344:
12343:
12336:
12329:
12321:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12308:
12303:
12301:List of topics
12297:
12294:
12293:
12291:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12258:Renewal theory
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12223:Ergodic theory
12220:
12215:
12213:Control theory
12210:
12204:
12202:
12198:
12197:
12195:
12194:
12193:
12192:
12187:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12156:
12155:
12145:
12143:Snell envelope
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12009:
12007:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11973:
11971:
11965:
11964:
11962:
11961:
11942:BorelâCantelli
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11880:
11878:
11877:Limit theorems
11874:
11873:
11871:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11794:
11792:
11788:
11787:
11785:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11753:
11751:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11720:
11718:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11612:
11610:
11604:
11603:
11601:
11600:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11569:
11567:
11561:
11560:
11558:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11540:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11514:
11513:
11508:
11498:
11496:Hopfield model
11493:
11488:
11483:
11477:
11475:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11441:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11425:
11415:
11413:Markov process
11410:
11405:
11400:
11394:
11392:
11388:
11387:
11385:
11384:
11382:Wiener sausage
11379:
11377:Wiener process
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11357:Stable process
11354:
11349:
11347:Semimartingale
11344:
11339:
11338:
11337:
11332:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11290:Jump diffusion
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11265:Hawkes process
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11245:Feller process
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11210:Cauchy process
11207:
11206:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11163:
11161:Bessel process
11158:
11152:
11150:
11144:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11139:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11077:
11075:
11069:
11068:
11061:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11038:
11030:
11029:
11010:
10995:
10976:
10957:
10938:
10919:
10900:
10881:
10862:
10843:
10833:
10821:
10808:
10796:
10770:
10740:
10727:
10714:
10682:
10649:
10646:on 2016-03-03.
10611:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10576:
10573:
10557:quantum optics
10552:ocean dynamics
10543:
10540:
10525:
10521:
10500:
10497:
10474:
10469:
10466:
10463:
10460:
10456:
10452:
10449:
10446:
10443:
10423:
10418:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10401:
10398:
10376:
10372:
10349:
10345:
10341:
10338:
10335:
10315:
10312:
10290:
10286:
10282:
10279:
10276:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10245:
10242:
10239:
10236:
10233:
10230:
10227:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10202:
10199:
10191:
10179:
10174:
10171:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10138:
10134:
10113:
10093:
10090:
10087:
10084:
10062:
10040:
10018:
10014:
10010:
10005:
10001:
9978:
9974:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9938:
9934:
9911:
9907:
9884:
9880:
9876:
9871:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9836:
9813:
9810:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9777:
9774:
9763:
9762:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9737:
9734:
9731:
9728:
9724:
9720:
9717:
9714:
9711:
9708:
9703:
9700:
9697:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9683:
9680:
9657:
9654:
9631:
9628:
9606:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9592:
9572:
9569:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9522:
9521:
9509:
9504:
9500:
9496:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9465:
9462:
9457:
9454:
9451:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9437:
9432:
9428:
9404:
9401:
9379:
9375:
9351:
9348:
9345:
9334:
9333:
9322:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9304:
9301:
9298:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9280:
9276:
9268:
9256:
9251:
9248:
9245:
9242:
9238:
9214:
9211:
9208:
9188:
9185:
9176:for say small
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9150:
9129:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9111:
9107:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9078:
9058:
9038:
9018:
8998:
8978:
8967:
8966:
8955:
8952:
8949:
8946:
8943:
8940:
8937:
8934:
8931:
8928:
8925:
8922:
8915:
8911:
8906:
8902:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8886:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8864:
8861:
8858:
8855:
8852:
8845:
8841:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8820:
8817:
8814:
8811:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8795:
8792:
8784:
8780:
8774:
8769:
8763:
8757:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8729:
8726:
8713:
8693:
8673:
8653:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8612:
8608:
8587:
8584:
8581:
8578:
8556:
8552:
8548:
8534:Zakai equation
8516:
8512:
8508:
8503:
8499:
8473:
8469:
8446:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8411:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8310:
8307:
8303:
8297:
8292:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8270:
8265:
8262:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8230:
8227:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8130:
8127:
8122:
8119:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8101:
8098:
8094:
8088:
8083:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7951:
7946:
7940:
7931:
7927:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7896:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7881:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7825:
7821:
7809:
7808:
7797:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7762:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7705:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7678:
7675:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7645:
7641:
7634:
7630:
7625:
7621:
7617:
7612:
7609:
7605:
7599:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7584:
7579:
7572:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7479:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7452:
7449:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7393:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7360:
7356:
7351:
7347:
7343:
7320:
7309:
7308:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7282:
7278:
7274:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7166:
7161:
7157:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7133:
7128:
7122:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7098:
7093:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7036:
7035:
7024:
7020:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6976:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6921:
6914:
6888:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6799:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6725:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6641:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6614:
6609:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6585:
6584:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6505:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6360:
6356:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6213:
6207:
6200:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6091:
6087:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5986:
5983:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5794:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5600:
5595:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5367:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5141:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5111:
5110:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4835:
4834:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4589:
4588:
4577:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4298:
4294:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4266:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4168:
4142:
4138:
4115:
4111:
4088:
4084:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4007:
3995:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3750:
3746:
3725:
3705:
3685:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3635:
3615:
3612:
3592:
3572:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3394:
3393:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3186:
3182:
3157:
3153:
3130:
3126:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3038:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2926:
2922:
2899:
2895:
2885:may evolve in
2870:
2866:
2852:
2851:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2706:
2702:
2679:
2675:
2665:may evolve in
2652:
2648:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1729:
1725:
1704:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1256:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
995:
991:
970:
950:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
913:
909:
905:
902:
891:
890:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
837:
834:
829:
825:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
786:
782:
758:
738:
716:
712:
689:
685:
662:
658:
635:
631:
608:
603:
581:
570:
569:
556:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
535:
532:
529:
524:
520:
516:
513:
510:
505:
501:
497:
472:
467:
462:
457:
453:
426:
422:
399:
394:
372:
369:
365:
350:
349:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
313:
309:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
278:
274:
270:
267:
264:
259:
255:
251:
222:
217:
212:
207:
203:
186:
183:
178:
175:
148:
144:
115:
112:
92:quantum optics
88:ocean dynamics
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14685:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14650:
14648:
14633:
14632:
14623:
14621:
14620:
14611:
14609:
14608:
14603:
14597:
14595:
14594:
14585:
14584:
14581:
14567:
14564:
14562:
14561:Geostatistics
14559:
14557:
14554:
14552:
14549:
14547:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14539:
14535:
14529:
14528:Psychometrics
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14478:
14476:
14472:
14466:
14463:
14461:
14458:
14456:
14452:
14449:
14447:
14444:
14442:
14439:
14437:
14434:
14433:
14431:
14429:
14425:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14405:
14402:
14400:
14397:
14396:
14394:
14392:
14391:Biostatistics
14388:
14384:
14380:
14375:
14371:
14353:
14352:Log-rank test
14350:
14349:
14347:
14343:
14337:
14334:
14333:
14331:
14329:
14325:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14309:
14306:
14304:
14301:
14300:
14298:
14296:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14283:
14273:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14253:
14250:
14249:
14247:
14245:
14241:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14223:(BoxâJenkins)
14219:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14200:
14197:
14196:
14194:
14192:
14188:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14176:DurbinâWatson
14174:
14172:
14166:
14164:
14161:
14159:
14158:DickeyâFuller
14156:
14155:
14153:
14149:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14132:Cointegration
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14107:Decomposition
14105:
14104:
14102:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14089:
14079:
14076:
14075:
14074:
14071:
14070:
14069:
14066:
14062:
14059:
14058:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14018:
14016:
14014:
14010:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13978:Cohen's kappa
13976:
13975:
13973:
13971:
13967:
13963:
13959:
13955:
13951:
13947:
13942:
13938:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13905:
13903:
13901:
13897:
13891:
13887:
13883:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13871:
13869:
13867:
13863:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13831:Nonparametric
13829:
13827:
13824:
13823:
13821:
13817:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13792:
13790:
13788:
13784:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13754:
13752:
13750:
13746:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13721:
13719:
13717:
13713:
13709:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13693:
13689:
13685:
13669:
13666:
13665:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13637:
13634:
13633:
13631:
13629:
13625:
13615:
13612:
13608:
13602:
13600:
13594:
13592:
13586:
13585:
13584:
13581:
13580:Nonparametric
13578:
13576:
13570:
13566:
13563:
13562:
13561:
13555:
13551:
13550:Sample median
13548:
13547:
13546:
13543:
13542:
13540:
13538:
13534:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13512:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13471:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13461:
13459:
13457:
13453:
13447:
13445:
13441:
13439:
13437:
13432:
13430:
13425:
13421:
13420:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13408:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13380:
13376:
13370:
13367:
13363:
13360:
13359:
13358:
13355:
13351:
13348:
13347:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13337:
13335:
13333:
13329:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13312:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13274:
13268:
13265:
13261:
13258:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13245:
13244:
13241:
13240:
13239:
13236:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13213:
13212:
13209:
13208:
13206:
13204:
13200:
13197:
13195:
13191:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13173:
13170:
13169:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13156:
13155:loss function
13153:
13152:
13151:
13148:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13130:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13096:
13093:
13092:
13091:
13088:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13070:
13069:
13066:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13053:
13052:
13049:
13045:
13042:
13041:
13040:
13037:
13033:
13030:
13029:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13009:
13007:
13005:
13001:
12997:
12993:
12988:
12984:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12951:
12949:
12947:
12943:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12923:
12921:
12917:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12873:
12869:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12857:Questionnaire
12855:
12853:
12850:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12836:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12828:
12824:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12775:
12771:
12767:
12763:
12758:
12754:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12684:Control chart
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12666:
12664:
12662:
12658:
12652:
12649:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12636:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12621:
12619:
12617:
12613:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12593:
12591:
12587:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12575:
12573:
12569:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12543:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12533:
12531:
12529:
12525:
12519:
12516:
12514:
12511:
12509:
12506:
12504:
12501:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12481:
12477:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12459:
12456:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12426:
12424:
12421:
12419:
12416:
12414:
12411:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12401:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12388:
12384:
12380:
12375:
12371:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12356:
12353:
12349:
12342:
12337:
12335:
12330:
12328:
12323:
12322:
12319:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12298:
12295:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12205:
12203:
12199:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12160:Stopping time
12158:
12154:
12151:
12150:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12004:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11970:
11966:
11959:
11955:
11951:
11950:HewittâSavage
11947:
11943:
11939:
11935:
11934:Zeroâone laws
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11875:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11795:
11793:
11789:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11746:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11721:
11719:
11717:
11713:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11631:BlackâScholes
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11609:
11605:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11562:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11535:
11534:
11533:Point process
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11491:Gibbs measure
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11478:
11476:
11472:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11420:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11280:ItĂ´ diffusion
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11255:Gamma process
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11176:
11172:
11169:
11168:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11126:Self-avoiding
11124:
11122:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11111:Moran process
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11074:
11073:Discrete time
11070:
11066:
11059:
11054:
11052:
11047:
11045:
11040:
11039:
11036:
11026:(4): 593â605.
11025:
11021:
11014:
11006:
10999:
10991:
10987:
10980:
10973:(2): 329â356.
10972:
10968:
10961:
10953:
10949:
10942:
10934:
10930:
10923:
10915:
10911:
10904:
10897:(1): 176â199.
10896:
10892:
10885:
10878:(6): 945â956.
10877:
10873:
10866:
10859:(4): 407â430.
10858:
10854:
10847:
10837:
10828:
10826:
10815:
10813:
10806:
10800:
10793:(1): 176â213.
10792:
10788:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10775:
10766:
10762:
10755:
10753:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10745:
10737:
10731:
10724:
10718:
10711:(3): 407â430.
10710:
10706:
10699:
10697:
10695:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10679:(2): 247â252.
10678:
10674:
10670:
10664:
10662:
10660:
10658:
10656:
10654:
10643:
10638:
10634:
10633:
10625:
10619:
10617:
10612:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10578:
10572:
10570:
10566:
10562:
10558:
10553:
10549:
10539:
10523:
10519:
10498:
10495:
10486:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10454:
10450:
10447:
10441:
10416:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10403:
10396:
10374:
10370:
10347:
10339:
10336:
10313:
10310:
10288:
10280:
10277:
10265:
10252:
10243:
10240:
10237:
10231:
10228:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10200:
10189:
10177:
10172:
10169:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10132:
10111:
10088:
10082:
10060:
10038:
10016:
10012:
10008:
9999:
9972:
9949:
9945:
9941:
9932:
9905:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9869:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9834:
9825:
9811:
9808:
9786:
9778:
9775:
9749:
9735:
9732:
9729:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9715:
9709:
9706:
9701:
9698:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9681:
9671:
9670:
9669:
9655:
9652:
9643:
9642:convergence.
9629:
9626:
9604:
9596:
9593:
9570:
9567:
9545:
9537:
9534:
9502:
9489:
9486:
9483:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9469:
9463:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9449:
9446:
9442:
9430:
9426:
9418:
9417:
9416:
9402:
9399:
9377:
9373:
9363:
9346:
9320:
9311:
9308:
9305:
9299:
9296:
9291:
9288:
9285:
9282:
9278:
9266:
9254:
9249:
9246:
9243:
9240:
9236:
9228:
9227:
9226:
9209:
9186:
9183:
9161:
9158:
9155:
9152:
9148:
9122:
9119:
9116:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9102:
9096:
9076:
9056:
9036:
9016:
8996:
8976:
8953:
8947:
8944:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8923:
8913:
8909:
8904:
8900:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8879:
8865:
8862:
8859:
8853:
8843:
8839:
8834:
8830:
8824:
8821:
8818:
8812:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8793:
8790:
8782:
8778:
8772:
8767:
8755:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8735:
8734:
8733:
8725:
8711:
8691:
8671:
8651:
8629:
8616:
8610:
8582:
8576:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8537:
8535:
8530:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8497:
8487:
8467:
8457:
8444:
8436:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8409:
8400:
8396:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8371:
8365:
8352:
8349:
8346:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8321:
8317:
8308:
8305:
8301:
8295:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8280:
8275:
8268:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8241:
8228:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8206:
8202:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8177:
8171:
8160:
8149:
8141:
8137:
8128:
8125:
8120:
8112:
8108:
8099:
8096:
8092:
8086:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8052:
8048:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8017:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7982:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7955:
7949:
7944:
7929:
7920:
7916:
7907:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7839:
7823:
7819:
7795:
7787:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7760:
7751:
7747:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7722:
7716:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7687:
7681:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7651:
7643:
7639:
7632:
7623:
7619:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7582:
7577:
7570:
7565:
7562:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7534:
7525:
7521:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7496:
7490:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7461:
7455:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7404:
7400:
7391:
7388:
7384:
7378:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7363:
7358:
7354:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7318:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7280:
7276:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7252:
7237:
7233:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7209:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7181:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7164:
7159:
7155:
7146:
7142:
7131:
7120:
7111:
7107:
7096:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7022:
7018:
7009:
7005:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6979:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6954:
6950:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6924:
6912:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6886:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6851:
6842:
6838:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6807:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6775:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6701:
6698:
6695:
6687:
6683:
6678:
6674:
6665:
6661:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6619:
6612:
6607:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6548:
6544:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6513:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6481:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6444:
6439:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6407:
6402:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6379:
6372:
6366:
6363:
6358:
6349:
6345:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6290:
6286:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6255:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6222:
6216:
6211:
6198:
6189:
6185:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6163:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6089:
6085:
6075:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6029:
6025:
6011:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5994:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5959:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5934:
5930:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5881:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5837:
5833:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5802:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5749:
5745:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5663:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5639:
5635:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5610:
5598:
5593:
5584:
5580:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5555:
5544:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5491:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5382:
5370:
5365:
5356:
5352:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5327:
5316:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5150:
5139:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5045:
5041:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5017:
5009:
5006:
5003:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4816:
4812:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4775:
4770:
4761:
4757:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4732:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4575:
4572:
4563:
4559:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4535:
4520:
4516:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4438:
4428:
4419:
4415:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4390:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4296:
4292:
4268:
4264:
4255:
4251:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4227:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4176:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4140:
4136:
4113:
4109:
4082:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4009:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3934:
3926:
3922:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3744:
3723:
3703:
3683:
3676:vector field
3661:
3657:
3653:
3633:
3626:vector field
3613:
3610:
3590:
3570:
3561:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3380:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3184:
3180:
3155:
3151:
3128:
3124:
3100:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3036:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2924:
2920:
2897:
2893:
2868:
2864:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2704:
2700:
2677:
2673:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2623:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2509:
2504:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2392:
2381:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2186:
2180:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1702:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1365:
1360:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1254:
1250:
1223:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1009:
993:
989:
968:
948:
925:
922:
919:
916:
911:
907:
900:
871:
868:
865:
862:
857:
853:
846:
838:
835:
832:
827:
823:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
792:
784:
780:
772:
771:
770:
756:
736:
714:
710:
687:
683:
660:
656:
633:
629:
606:
579:
554:
550:
546:
543:
540:
537:
530:
527:
522:
518:
511:
508:
503:
499:
495:
488:
487:
486:
470:
460:
455:
451:
442:
424:
420:
397:
370:
367:
363:
355:
334:
330:
326:
319:
316:
311:
307:
300:
297:
294:
291:
284:
281:
276:
272:
265:
262:
257:
253:
249:
242:
241:
240:
238:
220:
210:
205:
201:
191:
182:
174:
172:
168:
164:
146:
142:
133:
129:
125:
124:Damiano Brigo
121:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
42:
37:
33:
29:
25:
22:are a set of
21:
14629:
14617:
14598:
14591:
14503:Econometrics
14453: /
14436:Chemometrics
14413:Epidemiology
14406: /
14379:Applications
14221:ARIMA model
14168:Q-statistic
14117:Stationarity
14013:Multivariate
13956: /
13952: /
13950:Multivariate
13948: /
13888: /
13884: /
13658:Bayes factor
13557:Signed rank
13469:
13443:
13435:
13423:
13118:Completeness
12954:Cohort study
12852:Opinion poll
12787:Missing data
12774:Study design
12729:Scatter plot
12651:Scatter plot
12644:Spearman's Ď
12606:Grouped data
12218:Econometrics
12180:Wiener space
12068:ItĂ´ integral
11969:Inequalities
11858:Self-similar
11828:GaussâMarkov
11818:Exchangeable
11798:CĂ dlĂ g paths
11734:Risk process
11686:LIBOR market
11555:Random graph
11550:Random field
11362:Superprocess
11300:LĂŠvy process
11295:Jump process
11270:Hunt process
11106:Markov chain
11023:
11019:
11013:
11004:
10998:
10989:
10985:
10979:
10970:
10966:
10960:
10951:
10947:
10941:
10932:
10928:
10922:
10913:
10909:
10903:
10894:
10890:
10884:
10875:
10871:
10865:
10856:
10852:
10846:
10836:
10799:
10790:
10786:
10764:
10760:
10730:
10717:
10708:
10704:
10676:
10672:
10637:the original
10630:
10545:
10542:Applications
10487:
10266:
9826:
9764:
9644:
9523:
9364:
9335:
8968:
8731:
8538:
8531:
8488:
8458:
8242:
7840:
7810:
7310:
7037:
6900:
6586:
6106:
6076:
5678:
5112:
4836:
4590:
4283:
3996:
3562:
3395:
3089:
2853:
2637:
2524:
2172:
2054:
1658:
1241:
892:
571:
353:
351:
192:
188:
180:
117:
45:
19:
18:
14631:WikiProject
14546:Cartography
14508:Jurimetrics
14460:Reliability
14191:Time domain
14170:(LjungâBox)
14092:Time-series
13970:Categorical
13954:Time-series
13946:Categorical
13881:(Bernoulli)
13716:Correlation
13696:Correlation
13492:JarqueâBera
13464:Chi-squared
13226:M-estimator
13179:Asymptotics
13123:Sufficiency
12890:Interaction
12802:Replication
12782:Effect size
12739:Violin plot
12719:Radar chart
12699:Forest plot
12689:Correlogram
12639:Kendall's Ď
12263:Ruin theory
12201:Disciplines
12073:ItĂ´'s lemma
11848:Predictable
11523:Percolation
11506:Potts model
11501:Ising model
11465:White noise
11423:Differences
11285:ItĂ´ process
11225:Cox process
11121:Loop-erased
11116:Random walk
10967:SIAM Review
10569:time series
9765:To achieve
7311:The metric
961:up to time
749:up to time
621:valued and
412:valued and
104:time series
50:, Gaussian
14647:Categories
14498:Demography
14216:ARMA model
14021:Regression
13598:(Friedman)
13559:(Wilcoxon)
13497:Normality
13487:Lilliefors
13434:Student's
13310:Resampling
13184:Robustness
13172:divergence
13162:Efficiency
13100:(monotone)
13095:Likelihood
13012:Population
12845:Stratified
12797:Population
12616:Dependence
12572:Count data
12503:Percentile
12480:Dispersion
12413:Arithmetic
12348:Statistics
12273:Statistics
12053:Filtration
11954:Kolmogorov
11938:Blumenthal
11863:Stationary
11803:Continuous
11791:Properties
11676:HullâWhite
11418:Martingale
11305:Local time
11193:Fractional
11171:pure birth
10948:Automatica
10872:Automatica
10767:(1): 1â33.
10607:References
10548:navigation
171:jet bundle
84:navigation
24:algorithms
13879:Logistic
13646:posterior
13572:Rank sum
13320:Jackknife
13315:Bootstrap
13133:Bootstrap
13068:Parameter
13017:Statistic
12812:Statistic
12724:Run chart
12709:Pie chart
12704:Histogram
12694:Fan chart
12669:Bar chart
12551:L-moments
12438:Geometric
12185:Classical
11198:Geometric
11188:Excursion
10819:Lancaster
10705:Bernoulli
10520:θ
10465:δ
10455:θ
10448:⋅
10414:δ
10397:π
10337:δ
10311:δ
10278:δ
10250:‖
10244:θ
10238:⋅
10229:−
10218:δ
10201:π
10198:‖
10190:θ
10178:≈
10170:δ
10160:θ
10137:Θ
10083:π
10004:Θ
9977:Θ
9937:Θ
9910:Θ
9875:∈
9838:∈
9809:δ
9776:δ
9747:‖
9733:δ
9723:θ
9716:⋅
9707:−
9699:δ
9679:‖
9653:δ
9627:δ
9594:δ
9568:δ
9535:δ
9499:‖
9487:δ
9477:θ
9470:⋅
9461:−
9453:δ
9439:‖
9400:δ
9374:θ
9350:‖
9347:⋅
9344:‖
9318:‖
9312:θ
9306:⋅
9297:−
9289:δ
9275:‖
9267:θ
9255:≈
9247:δ
9237:θ
9213:‖
9210:⋅
9207:‖
9184:δ
9159:δ
9120:δ
9110:θ
9103:⋅
8930:⋅
8901:−
8860:⋅
8831:−
8819:⋅
8773:∗
8569:, namely
8502:Θ
8472:Θ
8421:∘
8397:θ
8393:∂
8379:θ
8363:∂
8331:∫
8318:θ
8281:∑
8254:∑
8203:θ
8199:∂
8185:θ
8169:∂
8121:∫
8109:θ
8072:∑
8068:−
8049:θ
8045:∂
8031:θ
8015:∂
7996:θ
7969:θ
7950:∗
7930:∫
7917:θ
7880:∑
7853:θ
7820:θ
7772:∘
7748:θ
7744:∂
7730:θ
7714:∂
7695:θ
7665:θ
7633:∫
7620:θ
7583:∑
7556:∑
7522:θ
7518:∂
7504:θ
7488:∂
7469:θ
7439:θ
7414:∫
7401:θ
7364:∑
7346:θ
7277:θ
7273:∂
7265:θ
7250:∂
7234:θ
7230:∂
7222:θ
7207:∂
7194:θ
7173:∫
7143:θ
7139:∂
7127:∂
7108:θ
7104:∂
7092:∂
7075:θ
7006:θ
7002:∂
6992:θ
6986:⋅
6975:∂
6966:⋯
6951:θ
6947:∂
6937:θ
6931:⋅
6920:∂
6863:∘
6839:θ
6835:∂
6821:θ
6805:∂
6789:θ
6752:θ
6711:∫
6708:−
6675:∫
6662:θ
6646:γ
6625:∑
6598:∑
6545:θ
6541:∂
6527:θ
6511:∂
6495:θ
6458:θ
6411:∫
6408:−
6359:∫
6346:θ
6330:γ
6309:∑
6305:−
6287:θ
6283:∂
6269:θ
6253:∂
6236:θ
6217:∗
6199:∫
6186:θ
6170:γ
6149:∑
6122:θ
6086:θ
6050:∘
6026:θ
6022:∂
6008:θ
5992:∂
5973:θ
5944:∫
5931:θ
5915:γ
5894:∑
5867:∑
5834:θ
5830:∂
5816:θ
5800:∂
5781:θ
5759:∫
5746:θ
5730:γ
5709:∑
5691:θ
5648:∘
5636:θ
5632:∂
5623:θ
5617:⋅
5607:∂
5581:θ
5577:∂
5568:θ
5562:⋅
5552:∂
5530:θ
5523:⋅
5492:θ
5477:γ
5456:∑
5430:∑
5408:θ
5404:∂
5395:θ
5389:⋅
5379:∂
5353:θ
5349:∂
5340:θ
5334:⋅
5324:∂
5302:θ
5295:⋅
5271:θ
5256:γ
5235:∑
5209:∑
5196:θ
5189:∘
5178:θ
5164:θ
5157:⋅
5148:∂
5125:∑
5085:∘
5067:θ
5060:⋅
5030:θ
5024:⋅
5014:Π
4986:θ
4979:⋅
4956:θ
4950:⋅
4940:Π
4924:θ
4917:⋅
4876:γ
4846:γ
4813:θ
4809:∂
4800:θ
4794:⋅
4784:∂
4758:θ
4754:∂
4745:θ
4739:⋅
4729:∂
4707:θ
4692:γ
4671:∑
4645:∑
4627:γ
4619:θ
4613:⋅
4603:Π
4560:θ
4556:∂
4548:θ
4533:∂
4517:θ
4513:∂
4505:θ
4490:∂
4484:∫
4464:θ
4460:∂
4451:θ
4445:⋅
4435:∂
4416:θ
4412:∂
4403:θ
4397:⋅
4387:∂
4370:θ
4355:γ
4331:⟩
4328:⋅
4322:⋅
4319:⟨
4252:θ
4248:∂
4240:θ
4234:⋅
4225:∂
4216:⋯
4201:θ
4197:∂
4189:θ
4183:⋅
4174:∂
4087:Θ
4059:θ
4053:⋅
4022:θ
4016:⋅
4006:Π
3966:∘
3948:θ
3941:⋅
3905:θ
3898:⋅
3888:Π
3859:θ
3852:⋅
3823:θ
3816:⋅
3806:Π
3790:θ
3783:⋅
3749:Θ
3537:θ
3493:θ
3360:⊂
3357:Θ
3354:∈
3351:θ
3337:θ
3331:⋅
3299:Θ
3261:⊂
3258:Θ
3255:∈
3252:θ
3240:θ
3234:⋅
3217:Θ
3104:‖
3101:⋅
3098:‖
3065:∈
3034:‖
3017:−
3000:‖
2829:∈
2798:‖
2785:−
2772:‖
2609:∘
2485:⋅
2463:−
2451:⋅
2365:⋅
2340:−
2318:⋅
2288:−
2278:∗
2147:∘
2021:∘
1996:⋅
1967:−
1955:⋅
1897:⋅
1865:−
1843:⋅
1806:−
1783:∗
1677:σ
1673:σ
1578:∂
1565:∂
1555:∂
1526:∑
1446:∂
1442:∂
1420:∑
1416:−
1405:∗
1366:∗
1299:∫
1206:⋅
1177:−
1136:⋅
1107:−
1095:⋅
1049:∗
923:≤
901:σ
869:≤
847:σ
833:∈
461:∈
364:σ
301:σ
211:∈
26:based on
14593:Category
14286:Survival
14163:Johansen
13886:Binomial
13841:Isotonic
13428:(normal)
13073:location
12880:Blocking
12835:Sampling
12714:QâQ plot
12679:Box plot
12661:Graphics
12556:Skewness
12546:Kurtosis
12518:Variance
12448:Heronian
12443:Harmonic
12306:Category
12190:Abstract
11724:BĂźhlmann
11330:Compound
10954:: 59â68.
10575:See also
10389:between
7156:⟩
7085:⟨
5594:⟩
5500:⟨
5366:⟩
5279:⟨
4771:⟩
4715:⟨
4477:⟩
4380:⟨
122:work of
64:manifold
52:mixtures
14619:Commons
14566:Kriging
14451:Process
14408:studies
14267:Wavelet
14100:General
13267:Plug-in
13061:L space
12840:Cluster
12541:Moments
12359:Outline
11813:Ergodic
11701:VaĹĄĂÄek
11543:Poisson
11203:Meander
14488:Census
14078:Normal
14026:Manova
13846:Robust
13596:2-way
13588:1-way
13426:-test
13097:
12674:Biplot
12465:Median
12458:Lehmer
12400:Center
12153:Tanaka
11838:Mixing
11833:Markov
11706:Wilkie
11671:HoâLee
11666:Heston
11438:Super-
11183:Bridge
11131:Biased
10632:foi.se
10195:
10184:argmin
10031:) to
9272:
9261:argmin
8788:
8442:
7793:
6884:
4837:where
3997:where
3982:
3646:and a
3348:
3291:
3279:
3249:
3090:where
3046:
3043:
3040:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2621:
2156:
2037:
1659:where
1380:is
1242:where
1064:
893:where
572:where
352:where
14112:Trend
13641:prior
13583:anova
13472:-test
13446:-test
13438:-test
13345:Power
13290:Pivot
13083:shape
13078:scale
12528:Shape
12508:Range
12453:Heinz
12428:Cubic
12364:Index
12006:Tools
11782:M/M/c
11777:M/M/1
11772:M/G/1
11762:Fluid
11428:Local
10669:Brigo
10627:(PDF)
9924:(or
4311:with
3432:(or
439:is a
383:are
120:Ph.D.
100:fiber
54:, or
14345:Test
13545:Sign
13397:Wald
12470:Mode
12408:Mean
11958:LĂŠvy
11757:Bulk
11641:Chen
11433:Sub-
11391:Both
10434:and
10051:(or
9991:(or
9860:(or
9668:of
9069:and
9029:and
8989:and
3716:and
3583:and
3514:(or
3170:(or
2202:and
1695:and
592:is
356:and
130:and
94:and
30:and
13525:BIC
13520:AIC
11538:Cox
10895:217
10791:119
10642:PDF
10124:in
3560:).
2854:or
2719:)
14649::
11956:,
11952:,
11948:,
11944:,
11940:,
11024:43
11022:.
10990:28
10988:.
10971:48
10969:.
10952:99
10950:.
10931:.
10914:70
10912:.
10893:.
10876:41
10874:.
10857:30
10855:.
10824:^
10811:^
10789:.
10773:^
10765:28
10763:.
10743:^
10707:.
10685:^
10677:43
10675:.
10652:^
10629:.
10615:^
10485:.
7838:.
6104:.
2939:)
239::
106:,
90:,
86:,
13470:G
13444:F
13436:t
13424:Z
13143:V
13138:U
12340:e
12333:t
12326:v
11960:)
11936:(
11057:e
11050:t
11043:v
11007:.
10992:.
10935:.
10933:7
10916:.
10738:.
10709:5
10644:)
10640:(
10524:t
10499:Y
10496:d
10473:)
10468:t
10462:+
10459:0
10451:,
10445:(
10442:p
10422:)
10417:t
10411:+
10408:0
10404:p
10400:(
10375:2
10371:L
10348:2
10344:)
10340:t
10334:(
10314:t
10289:2
10285:)
10281:t
10275:(
10253:.
10247:)
10241:,
10235:(
10232:p
10226:)
10221:t
10215:+
10212:0
10208:p
10204:(
10173:t
10167:+
10164:0
10133:S
10112:p
10092:)
10089:p
10086:(
10061:p
10039:p
10017:2
10013:/
10009:1
10000:S
9973:S
9950:2
9946:/
9942:1
9933:S
9906:S
9883:2
9879:L
9870:p
9846:2
9842:L
9835:p
9812:t
9787:2
9783:)
9779:t
9773:(
9750:.
9744:]
9741:)
9736:t
9730:+
9727:0
9719:,
9713:(
9710:p
9702:t
9696:+
9693:0
9689:p
9685:[
9682:E
9656:t
9630:t
9605:2
9601:)
9597:t
9591:(
9571:t
9546:2
9542:)
9538:t
9532:(
9520:,
9508:]
9503:2
9495:)
9490:t
9484:+
9481:0
9473:,
9467:(
9464:p
9456:t
9450:+
9447:0
9443:p
9436:[
9431:t
9427:E
9403:t
9378:t
9321:.
9315:)
9309:,
9303:(
9300:p
9292:t
9286:+
9283:0
9279:p
9250:t
9244:+
9241:0
9187:t
9162:t
9156:+
9153:0
9149:p
9128:)
9123:t
9117:+
9114:0
9106:,
9100:(
9097:p
9077:G
9057:F
9037:G
9017:F
8997:G
8977:F
8954:.
8951:]
8948:t
8945:d
8942:)
8939:)
8936:t
8933:,
8927:(
8924:b
8921:(
8914:t
8910:p
8905:E
8896:t
8892:Y
8888:d
8885:[
8880:T
8876:]
8872:)
8869:)
8866:t
8863:,
8857:(
8854:b
8851:(
8844:t
8840:p
8835:E
8828:)
8825:t
8822:,
8816:(
8813:b
8810:[
8805:t
8801:p
8797:+
8794:t
8791:d
8783:t
8779:p
8768:t
8762:L
8756:=
8751:t
8747:p
8743:d
8712:Y
8692:X
8672:G
8652:G
8630:2
8625:|
8620:)
8617:x
8614:(
8611:b
8607:|
8586:)
8583:x
8580:(
8577:b
8555:t
8551:Y
8547:d
8515:2
8511:/
8507:1
8498:S
8468:S
8445:.
8437:k
8432:t
8428:Y
8424:d
8417:]
8413:x
8410:d
8401:j
8388:)
8383:t
8375:,
8372:x
8369:(
8366:p
8356:)
8353:t
8350:,
8347:x
8344:(
8339:k
8335:b
8327:)
8322:t
8314:(
8309:j
8306:i
8302:g
8296:m
8291:1
8288:=
8285:j
8276:[
8269:d
8264:1
8261:=
8258:k
8250:+
8229:t
8226:d
8222:]
8218:x
8215:d
8207:j
8194:)
8189:t
8181:,
8178:x
8175:(
8172:p
8161:2
8157:|
8153:)
8150:x
8147:(
8142:t
8138:b
8134:|
8129:2
8126:1
8118:)
8113:t
8105:(
8100:j
8097:i
8093:g
8087:m
8082:1
8079:=
8076:j
8065:x
8062:d
8053:j
8040:)
8035:t
8027:,
8024:x
8021:(
8018:p
8005:)
8000:t
7992:,
7989:x
7986:(
7983:p
7978:)
7973:t
7965:,
7962:x
7959:(
7956:p
7945:t
7939:L
7926:)
7921:t
7913:(
7908:j
7905:i
7901:g
7895:m
7890:1
7887:=
7884:j
7875:[
7871:=
7868:)
7865:t
7862:(
7857:i
7849:d
7824:0
7796:,
7788:k
7783:t
7779:Y
7775:d
7768:]
7764:x
7761:d
7752:j
7739:)
7734:t
7726:,
7723:x
7720:(
7717:p
7704:)
7699:t
7691:,
7688:x
7685:(
7682:p
7677:)
7674:)
7669:t
7661:,
7658:x
7655:(
7652:p
7649:(
7644:k
7640:G
7629:)
7624:t
7616:(
7611:j
7608:i
7604:g
7598:m
7593:1
7590:=
7587:j
7578:[
7571:d
7566:1
7563:=
7560:k
7552:+
7549:t
7546:d
7542:]
7538:x
7535:d
7526:j
7513:)
7508:t
7500:,
7497:x
7494:(
7491:p
7478:)
7473:t
7465:,
7462:x
7459:(
7456:p
7451:)
7448:)
7443:t
7435:,
7432:x
7429:(
7426:p
7423:(
7420:F
7410:)
7405:t
7397:(
7392:j
7389:i
7385:g
7379:n
7374:1
7371:=
7368:j
7359:[
7355:=
7350:i
7342:d
7319:g
7296:.
7293:x
7290:d
7281:j
7268:)
7262:,
7259:x
7256:(
7253:p
7238:i
7225:)
7219:,
7216:x
7213:(
7210:p
7197:)
7191:,
7188:x
7185:(
7182:p
7178:1
7168:4
7165:1
7160:=
7147:j
7132:p
7121:,
7112:i
7097:p
7081:=
7078:)
7072:(
7067:j
7064:i
7060:g
7054:4
7051:1
7023:,
7019:}
7010:n
6995:)
6989:,
6983:(
6980:p
6969:,
6963:,
6955:1
6940:)
6934:,
6928:(
6925:p
6913:{
6887:.
6879:k
6874:t
6870:Y
6866:d
6859:]
6855:x
6852:d
6843:j
6830:)
6825:t
6817:,
6814:x
6811:(
6808:p
6798:)
6793:t
6785:,
6782:x
6779:(
6776:p
6771:]
6767:z
6764:d
6761:)
6756:t
6748:,
6745:z
6742:(
6739:p
6736:)
6733:t
6730:,
6727:z
6724:(
6719:k
6715:b
6705:)
6702:t
6699:,
6696:x
6693:(
6688:k
6684:b
6679:[
6671:)
6666:t
6658:(
6653:j
6650:i
6640:m
6635:1
6632:=
6629:j
6620:[
6613:d
6608:1
6605:=
6602:k
6594:+
6572:t
6569:d
6565:]
6561:x
6558:d
6549:j
6536:)
6531:t
6523:,
6520:x
6517:(
6514:p
6504:)
6499:t
6491:,
6488:x
6485:(
6482:p
6477:]
6473:z
6470:d
6467:)
6462:t
6454:,
6451:z
6448:(
6445:p
6440:2
6436:|
6432:)
6429:t
6426:,
6423:z
6420:(
6417:b
6414:|
6403:2
6399:|
6395:)
6392:t
6389:,
6386:x
6383:(
6380:b
6377:|
6373:[
6367:2
6364:1
6355:)
6350:t
6342:(
6337:j
6334:i
6324:m
6319:1
6316:=
6313:j
6302:x
6299:d
6291:j
6278:)
6273:t
6265:,
6262:x
6259:(
6256:p
6245:)
6240:t
6232:,
6229:x
6226:(
6223:p
6212:t
6206:L
6195:)
6190:t
6182:(
6177:j
6174:i
6164:m
6159:1
6156:=
6153:j
6144:[
6140:=
6137:)
6134:t
6131:(
6126:i
6118:d
6090:0
6061:k
6057:Y
6053:d
6046:]
6042:x
6039:d
6030:j
6017:)
6012:t
6004:,
6001:x
5998:(
5995:p
5985:)
5982:)
5977:t
5969:,
5966:x
5963:(
5960:p
5957:(
5952:k
5948:G
5940:)
5935:t
5927:(
5922:j
5919:i
5909:n
5904:1
5901:=
5898:j
5889:[
5882:d
5877:1
5874:=
5871:k
5863:+
5860:t
5857:d
5853:]
5849:x
5846:d
5838:j
5825:)
5820:t
5812:,
5809:x
5806:(
5803:p
5793:)
5790:)
5785:t
5777:,
5774:x
5771:(
5768:p
5765:(
5762:F
5755:)
5750:t
5742:(
5737:j
5734:i
5724:n
5719:1
5716:=
5713:j
5704:[
5700:=
5695:i
5687:d
5664:,
5659:t
5655:Y
5651:d
5640:i
5626:)
5620:,
5614:(
5611:p
5599:]
5585:j
5571:)
5565:,
5559:(
5556:p
5545:,
5542:)
5539:)
5534:t
5526:,
5520:(
5517:p
5514:(
5509:T
5505:G
5495:)
5489:(
5484:j
5481:i
5471:n
5466:1
5463:=
5460:j
5451:[
5445:n
5440:1
5437:=
5434:i
5426:+
5423:t
5420:d
5412:i
5398:)
5392:,
5386:(
5383:p
5371:]
5357:j
5343:)
5337:,
5331:(
5328:p
5317:,
5314:)
5311:)
5306:t
5298:,
5292:(
5289:p
5286:(
5283:F
5274:)
5268:(
5263:j
5260:i
5250:n
5245:1
5242:=
5239:j
5230:[
5224:n
5219:1
5216:=
5213:i
5205:=
5200:i
5192:d
5182:i
5173:)
5168:t
5160:,
5154:(
5151:p
5140:n
5135:1
5132:=
5129:i
5096:t
5092:Y
5088:d
5082:]
5079:)
5076:)
5071:t
5063:,
5057:(
5054:p
5051:(
5046:T
5042:G
5038:[
5033:)
5027:,
5021:(
5018:p
5010:+
5007:t
5004:d
5001:]
4998:)
4995:)
4990:t
4982:,
4976:(
4973:p
4970:(
4967:F
4964:[
4959:)
4953:,
4947:(
4944:p
4936:=
4933:)
4928:t
4920:,
4914:(
4911:p
4908:d
4883:j
4880:i
4853:j
4850:i
4817:i
4803:)
4797:,
4791:(
4788:p
4776:]
4762:j
4748:)
4742:,
4736:(
4733:p
4722:,
4719:v
4710:)
4704:(
4699:j
4696:i
4686:n
4681:1
4678:=
4675:j
4666:[
4660:n
4655:1
4652:=
4649:i
4641:=
4638:]
4635:v
4632:[
4622:)
4616:,
4610:(
4607:p
4576:x
4573:d
4564:j
4551:)
4545:,
4542:x
4539:(
4536:p
4521:i
4508:)
4502:,
4499:x
4496:(
4493:p
4481:=
4468:j
4454:)
4448:,
4442:(
4439:p
4429:,
4420:i
4406:)
4400:,
4394:(
4391:p
4376:=
4373:)
4367:(
4362:j
4359:i
4325:,
4297:2
4293:L
4269:,
4265:}
4256:n
4243:)
4237:,
4231:(
4228:p
4219:,
4213:,
4205:1
4192:)
4186:,
4180:(
4177:p
4167:{
4141:T
4137:G
4114:T
4110:G
4083:S
4062:)
4056:,
4050:(
4047:p
4025:)
4019:,
4013:(
4010:p
3977:t
3973:Y
3969:d
3963:]
3960:)
3957:)
3952:t
3944:,
3938:(
3935:p
3932:(
3927:T
3923:G
3919:[
3914:)
3909:t
3901:,
3895:(
3892:p
3884:+
3881:t
3878:d
3874:]
3871:)
3868:)
3863:t
3855:,
3849:(
3846:p
3843:(
3840:F
3837:[
3832:)
3827:t
3819:,
3813:(
3810:p
3802:=
3799:)
3794:t
3786:,
3780:(
3777:p
3774:d
3745:S
3724:G
3704:F
3684:G
3662:t
3658:Y
3654:d
3634:F
3614:t
3611:d
3591:G
3571:F
3546:)
3541:t
3533:,
3530:x
3527:(
3524:p
3502:)
3497:t
3489:,
3486:x
3483:(
3480:p
3458:)
3455:x
3452:(
3447:t
3443:p
3420:)
3417:x
3414:(
3409:t
3405:p
3381:.
3378:)
3375:}
3370:n
3365:R
3345:,
3340:)
3334:,
3328:(
3325:p
3320:{
3317:=
3312:2
3308:/
3304:1
3295:S
3288:r
3285:o
3282:(
3276:}
3271:n
3266:R
3246:,
3243:)
3237:,
3231:(
3228:p
3225:{
3222:=
3213:S
3185:t
3181:p
3156:t
3152:p
3129:2
3125:L
3073:1
3069:L
3060:2
3057:,
3054:1
3050:p
3037:,
3027:2
3023:p
3010:1
3006:p
2997:=
2994:)
2987:2
2983:p
2977:,
2970:1
2966:p
2960:(
2955:H
2951:d
2925:H
2921:d
2898:2
2894:L
2869:t
2865:p
2837:2
2833:L
2824:2
2821:,
2818:1
2814:p
2804:,
2793:2
2789:p
2780:1
2776:p
2769:=
2766:)
2761:2
2757:p
2753:,
2748:1
2744:p
2740:(
2735:2
2731:d
2705:2
2701:d
2678:2
2674:L
2651:t
2647:p
2624:.
2618:]
2615:Y
2612:d
2606:)
2603:p
2600:(
2595:T
2591:G
2587:+
2584:t
2581:d
2577:)
2574:p
2571:(
2568:F
2565:[
2557:p
2552:2
2548:1
2543:=
2538:p
2533:d
2510:.
2505:T
2501:]
2497:}
2494:)
2491:t
2488:,
2482:(
2479:b
2476:{
2471:p
2467:E
2460:)
2457:t
2454:,
2448:(
2445:b
2442:[
2438:p
2435:=
2432:)
2429:p
2426:(
2421:T
2417:G
2393:,
2390:]
2387:}
2382:2
2378:|
2374:)
2371:t
2368:,
2362:(
2359:b
2356:|
2353:{
2348:p
2344:E
2335:2
2331:|
2327:)
2324:t
2321:,
2315:(
2312:b
2309:|
2306:[
2302:p
2296:2
2293:1
2284:p
2273:t
2267:L
2261:=
2258:)
2255:p
2252:(
2249:F
2226:)
2223:p
2220:(
2215:T
2211:G
2190:)
2187:p
2184:(
2181:F
2159:,
2153:Y
2150:d
2144:)
2141:p
2138:(
2133:T
2129:G
2125:+
2122:t
2119:d
2115:)
2112:p
2109:(
2106:F
2103:=
2100:p
2097:d
2073:t
2069:p
2063:d
2040:.
2032:t
2028:Y
2024:d
2016:T
2012:]
2008:}
2005:)
2002:t
1999:,
1993:(
1990:b
1987:{
1980:t
1976:p
1971:E
1964:)
1961:t
1958:,
1952:(
1949:b
1946:[
1940:t
1936:p
1932:+
1929:t
1926:d
1922:]
1919:}
1914:2
1910:|
1906:)
1903:t
1900:,
1894:(
1891:b
1888:|
1885:{
1878:t
1874:p
1869:E
1860:2
1856:|
1852:)
1849:t
1846:,
1840:(
1837:b
1834:|
1831:[
1825:t
1821:p
1814:2
1811:1
1803:t
1800:d
1794:t
1790:p
1778:t
1772:L
1766:=
1761:t
1757:p
1753:d
1728:t
1724:p
1703:T
1681:T
1670:=
1667:a
1644:]
1641:)
1638:x
1635:(
1630:t
1626:p
1622:)
1619:t
1616:,
1613:x
1610:(
1605:j
1602:i
1598:a
1594:[
1586:j
1582:x
1573:i
1569:x
1559:2
1547:m
1542:1
1539:=
1536:j
1533:,
1530:i
1520:2
1517:1
1512:+
1509:]
1506:)
1503:x
1500:(
1495:t
1491:p
1487:)
1484:t
1481:,
1478:x
1475:(
1470:i
1466:f
1462:[
1454:i
1450:x
1435:m
1430:1
1427:=
1424:i
1413:=
1410:p
1400:t
1394:L
1361:t
1355:L
1332:,
1329:x
1326:d
1323:)
1320:x
1317:(
1314:p
1311:)
1308:x
1305:(
1302:h
1296:=
1293:]
1290:h
1287:[
1282:p
1278:E
1255:p
1251:E
1227:]
1224:t
1221:d
1218:)
1215:)
1212:t
1209:,
1203:(
1200:b
1197:(
1190:t
1186:p
1181:E
1172:t
1168:Y
1164:d
1161:[
1156:T
1152:]
1148:)
1145:)
1142:t
1139:,
1133:(
1130:b
1127:(
1120:t
1116:p
1111:E
1104:)
1101:t
1098:,
1092:(
1089:b
1086:[
1081:t
1077:p
1073:+
1070:t
1067:d
1059:t
1055:p
1044:t
1038:L
1032:=
1027:t
1023:p
1019:d
994:t
990:p
969:t
949:Y
929:)
926:t
920:s
917:,
912:s
908:Y
904:(
878:}
875:)
872:t
866:s
863:,
858:s
854:Y
850:(
843:|
839:x
836:d
828:t
824:X
820:{
817:b
814:o
811:r
808:P
805:=
802:x
799:d
796:)
793:x
790:(
785:t
781:p
757:t
737:Y
715:0
711:X
688:t
684:X
661:t
657:W
634:t
630:V
607:d
602:R
580:b
555:t
551:V
547:d
544:+
541:t
538:d
534:)
531:t
528:,
523:t
519:X
515:(
512:b
509:=
504:t
500:Y
496:d
471:d
466:R
456:t
452:Y
425:t
421:W
398:m
393:R
371:W
368:d
354:f
335:t
331:W
327:d
323:)
320:t
317:,
312:t
308:X
304:(
298:+
295:t
292:d
288:)
285:t
282:,
277:t
273:X
269:(
266:f
263:=
258:t
254:X
250:d
221:m
216:R
206:t
202:X
147:2
143:L
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.