1576:
1571:
56:
303:
31:
1608:
1328:
941:
1598:
360:) rather than the lateral ozopores found on many other millipedes. Glomeridans reach maximum lengths of 20 mm (0.79 in), and eyes, if present, are in a single row of ocelli. The order contains approximately 450 species found in Europe,
432:. Sphaerotheriidans have thirteen body segments, and do not possess repugnatorial glands. Spherotheriidans reach larger size than Glomeridans (up to 10 cm (3.9 in)), and always possess large, kidney-shaped eyes.
730:
910:
Hannibal, Joseph T; Feldmann, Rodney M. (1981). "Systematics and
Functional Morphology of Oniscomorph Millipedes (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) from the Carboniferous of North America".
494:"Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness"
790:"Madagascar's living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae:
472:
869:
466:
532:
741:
460:
448:
of North
America and Europe. Amynilyspedida differs from the other Oniscomorph orders in having 14–15 segments. The order contains the genus
287:
secretes a clear, odorless liquid from the midline of the back that contains toxic alkaloids and has a sedative effect to repel predators.
224:(Oniscidea), also called pillbugs or "roly-polies". However, millipedes and woodlice are not closely related (belonging to the
891:
973:
291:
don't even have such ability, they completely rely on their hard shell to defend against enemies. Pill millipedes are
1754:
1681:
1694:
737:
605:
562:
1715:
247:
Pill millipedes are relatively short-bodied compared to most other millipedes, with only eleven to thirteen
1575:
861:
1570:
1782:
55:
654:
352:, the common European pill millipede. They have from eleven to twelve body segments, and possess dorsal
1601:
1591:
598:
1759:
683:
Golovatch, Sergei; Mauriès, Jean-Paul; Akkari, Nesrine; Stoev, Pavel; Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques (2009).
574:
684:
966:
541:
256:
1746:
1667:
1629:
945:
1741:
1733:
951:
798:
314:
190:
142:
807:
699:
550:
264:
236:
8:
1612:
959:
445:
343:
811:
703:
554:
493:
357:
272:
919:
766:
566:
348:
308:
268:
180:
50:
1327:
1728:
847:
630:
1432:
815:
707:
558:
508:
1652:
1460:
1359:
1199:
1157:
1126:
626:
530:
415:
403:
395:
389:
288:
205:
164:
42:
1720:
900:, 2:R572–606. Geological Society of America, Inc., and The University of Kansas.
1689:
1676:
1510:
1422:
1377:
1372:
1247:
1204:
1145:
512:
361:
170:
1776:
1520:
1493:
1475:
1270:
839:
377:
537:(Oniscomorpha) from the Stephania lagerstätte of Montceau-les-Mines, France"
302:
1545:
1483:
1367:
1280:
1189:
1176:
712:
420:
248:
30:
820:
789:
1702:
1661:
1488:
1391:
1298:
1275:
1265:
1242:
1194:
1070:
450:
425:
411:
292:
220:. The name Oniscomorpha refers to the millipedes' resemblance to certain
117:
1498:
1442:
1228:
1099:
1053:
1045:
923:
897:
570:
407:
369:
276:
232:
213:
127:
1707:
1121:
1016:
1010:
1004:
983:
429:
373:
339:
333:
284:
260:
252:
228:
225:
221:
209:
159:
107:
97:
87:
67:
1623:
1646:
940:
689:
Latreille, 1802 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) in North Africa"
399:
365:
296:
455:
353:
837:
1237:
998:
77:
981:
280:
682:
563:
10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0221:ANSOTD>2.0.CO;2
283:
among other millipede taxa, but is NOT in pill millipedes——
767:"Millipedes of Britain and Ireland: systematic check list"
531:
P. R. Racheboeuf, J. T. Hannibal & J. Vannier (2004).
263:
separately in each of the two orders, making it a case of
889:
Hoffman, R. L. 1969. Myriapoda, exclusive of
Insecta. In
787:
649:
647:
526:
524:
522:
903:
599:"Defining Features of Nominal Clades of Diplopoda"
593:
591:
295:, feeding on decomposing plant matter, usually in
870:Department of the Environment and Water Resources
788:Wesener, T.; Bespalova, I.; Sierwald, P. (2010).
644:
519:
1774:
909:
838:M. A. Minor & A.W. Robertson (May 7, 2007).
485:
402:-distribution taxon, with around 350 species in
204:are any members of two living (and one extinct)
588:
1358:
967:
440:Oniscomorpha also includes the extinct order
862:"Checklist for Sphaerotheriida Brandt, 1833"
676:
883:
428:, and around thirty species are present in
235:, respectively); rather, this is a case of
1044:
974:
960:
251:, and are capable of rolling into a ball (
29:
833:
831:
819:
711:
655:"Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders"
301:
844:Guide to New Zealand soil invertebrates
725:
723:
306:Comparison of a pill millipede (above:
212:, often grouped together into a single
1775:
828:
1628:
1627:
1343:
1029:
955:
892:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
1695:d9a01cfb-f638-4328-bfc3-ee08f63dff4f
1597:
731:"Biogeography of millipede families"
720:
769:. British Myriapod and Isopod Group
13:
418:. Five species, all in the genus
383:
376:. Four species are present in the
14:
1794:
933:
435:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1574:
1569:
1326:
939:
662:Milli-PEET Identification Tables
54:
854:
738:Field Museum of Natural History
606:Field Museum of Natural History
533:"A new species of the diplopod
781:
759:
619:
491:
342:is predominantly found in the
242:
1:
479:
346:and includes species such as
327:
7:
1344:
866:Australian Faunal Directory
664:. The Field Museum, Chicago
10:
1799:
1030:
513:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.32
454:with unique spines on the
387:
331:
1636:
1587:
1567:
1538:
1529:
1507:
1474:
1459:
1441:
1419:
1390:
1354:
1350:
1339:
1324:
1289:
1256:
1226:
1217:
1175:
1171:
1156:
1138:
1107:
1098:
1069:
1040:
1036:
1025:
993:
322:
312:) and a pillbug (below:
257:defense against predators
186:
179:
155:
150:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
1301:(flat-backed millipedes)
1129:(giant pill millipedes)
912:Journal of Paleontology
542:Journal of Paleontology
255:) when disturbed, as a
1465:(worm-like millipedes)
1180:(suctorial millipedes)
1162:(worm-like millipedes)
713:10.3897/zookeys.12.179
319:
273:exude a noxious liquid
1742:Paleobiology Database
821:10.5733/afin.051.0102
799:African Invertebrates
747:on September 29, 2007
685:"The millipede genus
315:Armadillidium vulgare
305:
1690:Fauna Europaea (new)
1056:(bristle-millipedes)
982:Orders of the class
358:repugnatorial glands
275:, which may be both
265:convergent evolution
237:convergent evolution
43:giant pill millipede
40:Arthrosphaera fumosa
894:, Pt. R, Arthropoda
812:2010AfrIn..51..133W
704:2009ZooK...12...47G
555:2004JPal...78..221R
446:upper Carboniferous
344:Northern Hemisphere
16:Order of millipedes
1783:Millipede taxonomy
492:Shear, W. (2011).
349:Glomeris marginata
320:
309:Glomeris marginata
1770:
1769:
1729:Open Tree of Life
1630:Taxon identifiers
1621:
1620:
1583:
1582:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1467:
1386:
1385:
1378:Microdecemplicida
1335:
1334:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1213:
1212:
1182:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1130:
1114:
1112:(pill millipedes)
1065:
1064:
1057:
987:
848:Massey University
631:Australian Museum
627:"Pill millipedes"
473:Palaeosphaeridium
356:(openings of the
199:
198:
194:
146:
1790:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1721:NHMSYS0020108479
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1625:
1624:
1610:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1592:List of families
1578:
1573:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1514:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1373:Eoarthropleurida
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1300:
1292:
1259:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1141:
1128:
1127:Sphaerotheriida
1113:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1026:
985:
976:
969:
962:
953:
952:
944:Data related to
943:
928:
927:
907:
901:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
858:
852:
851:
835:
826:
825:
823:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
746:
740:. Archived from
735:
727:
718:
717:
715:
693:
680:
674:
673:
671:
669:
659:
651:
642:
641:
639:
637:
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
603:
595:
586:
585:
583:
582:
573:. Archived from
528:
517:
516:
498:
489:
271:. They can also
189:
188:Armadillomorpha
141:
59:
58:
33:
24:Pill millipedes
21:
20:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1579:
1549:
1539:
1530:
1525:
1508:
1503:
1464:
1462:
1461:Helminthomorpha
1455:
1437:
1433:Zosterogrammida
1420:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1360:Arthropleuridea
1346:
1331:
1306:
1290:
1285:
1257:
1252:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:Siphonocryptida
1179:
1161:
1159:
1158:Helminthomorpha
1148:
1139:
1134:
1111:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1061:
1032:
1021:
989:
980:
936:
931:
908:
904:
888:
884:
874:
872:
860:
859:
855:
836:
829:
786:
782:
772:
770:
765:
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
733:
729:
728:
721:
691:
681:
677:
667:
665:
657:
653:
652:
645:
635:
633:
625:
624:
620:
610:
608:
601:
597:
596:
589:
580:
578:
529:
520:
496:
490:
486:
482:
438:
424:are present in
416:South East Asia
404:southern Africa
396:Sphaerotheriida
392:
390:Sphaerotheriida
386:
384:Sphaerotheriida
362:South-east Asia
336:
330:
325:
289:Sphaerotheriida
259:. This ability
245:
202:Pill millipedes
175:
165:Sphaerotheriida
140:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1677:Fauna Europaea
1673:
1658:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:incertae sedis
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1499:Palaeosomatida
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1451:Amynilyspedida
1447:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:incertae sedis
1414:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Arthropleurida
1364:
1362:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1248:Spirostreptida
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1205:Siphonophorida
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1166:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:Glomeridesmida
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1102:
1093:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
994:
991:
990:
979:
978:
971:
964:
956:
950:
949:
948:at Wikispecies
935:
934:External links
932:
930:
929:
918:(4): 730–746.
902:
882:
853:
827:
806:(1): 133–161.
780:
758:
719:
675:
643:
618:
587:
549:(1): 221–229.
518:
483:
481:
478:
467:Archiscudderia
442:Amynilyspedida
437:
436:Amynilyspedida
434:
388:Main article:
385:
382:
332:Main article:
329:
326:
324:
321:
267:, rather than
244:
241:
197:
196:
184:
183:
177:
176:
174:
173:
171:Amynilyspedida
167:
162:
156:
153:
152:
148:
147:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
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71:
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65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1795:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1761:
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1748:
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1726:
1722:
1717:
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1626:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1548:(superfamily)
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1476:Archipolypoda
1473:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1389:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Chordeumatida
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1177:Colobognatha
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1109:Oniscomorpha
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
988:
977:
972:
970:
965:
963:
958:
957:
954:
947:
942:
938:
937:
925:
921:
917:
913:
906:
899:
895:
893:
886:
871:
867:
863:
857:
849:
845:
841:
834:
832:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
793:
784:
768:
762:
743:
739:
732:
726:
724:
714:
709:
705:
701:
698:(12): 47–86.
697:
690:
688:
679:
663:
656:
650:
648:
632:
628:
622:
607:
600:
594:
592:
577:on 2011-09-29
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
536:
527:
525:
523:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
488:
484:
477:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:
458:, as well as
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
391:
381:
379:
378:British Isles
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
335:
317:
316:
311:
310:
304:
300:
298:
294:
293:detritivorous
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:body segments
240:
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
192:
185:
182:
178:
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161:
158:
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139:
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119:
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109:
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103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
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83:
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73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1668:Oniscomorpha
1638:Oniscomorpha
1637:
1546:Xyloiuloidea
1521:Pleurojulida
1509:
1494:Euphoberiida
1489:Cowiedesmida
1484:Archidesmida
1450:
1421:
1299:Polydesmida
1276:Siphoniulida
1190:Platydesmida
1140:Limacomorpha
1108:
1003:Superphylum
986:(millipedes)
946:Oniscomorpha
915:
911:
905:
890:
885:
873:. Retrieved
865:
856:
843:
803:
797:
792:Zoosphaerium
791:
783:
771:. Retrieved
761:
749:. Retrieved
742:the original
695:
686:
678:
666:. Retrieved
661:
636:December 22,
634:. Retrieved
621:
609:. Retrieved
579:. Retrieved
575:the original
546:
540:
534:
504:
500:
487:
471:
465:
459:
449:
441:
439:
421:Procyliosoma
419:
393:
347:
337:
313:
307:
246:
218:Oniscomorpha
217:
201:
200:
187:
145:, 1887
138:Oniscomorpha
137:
134:Superorder:
124:Infraclass:
45:from India.
39:
18:
1703:iNaturalist
1662:Wikispecies
1281:Stemmiulida
1266:Callipodida
1258:Nematophora
1243:Spirobolida
1195:Polyzoniida
1054:Polyxenida
1046:Penicillata
875:November 7,
840:"Diplopoda"
535:Amynilyspes
507:: 159–164.
461:Glomeropsis
451:Amynilyspes
426:New Zealand
412:Australasia
243:Description
118:Chilognatha
94:Subphylum:
1613:Millipedes
1540:Juliformia
1443:Pentazonia
1229:Juliformia
1100:Pentazonia
1015:Subphylum
1011:Arthropoda
984:Diplopoda
898:R.C. Moore
668:25 October
581:2007-06-24
480:References
408:Madagascar
394:The order
370:California
338:The order
214:superorder
210:millipedes
128:Pentazonia
114:Subclass:
88:Arthropoda
1653:Q15981124
1602:Diplopoda
1291:Merocheta
1122:Glomerida
1017:Myriapoda
1005:Ecdysozoa
444:from the
430:Australia
374:Guatemala
340:Glomerida
334:Glomerida
328:Glomerida
297:woodlands
285:Glomerida
253:volvation
233:Crustacea
229:Myriapoda
160:Glomerida
108:Diplopoda
98:Myriapoda
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1777:Category
1647:Wikidata
1531:Eugnatha
1219:Eugnatha
999:Animalia
997:Kingdom
773:March 3,
751:June 24,
687:Glomeris
611:June 24,
456:tergites
400:Gondwana
366:Americas
364:and the
354:ozopores
269:homology
226:subphyla
222:woodlice
191:Verhoeff
181:Synonyms
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
1734:7113391
1345:Extinct
1009:Phylum
924:1304421
896:4, ed.
808:Bibcode
700:Bibcode
696:ZooKeys
571:4094852
551:Bibcode
501:Zootaxa
277:caustic
261:evolved
151:Orders
104:Class:
1760:888572
1747:304637
1708:146885
1611:
1238:Julida
1031:Living
922:
569:
470:, and
323:Orders
206:orders
193:, 1915
143:Pocock
1755:WoRMS
1682:11505
920:JSTOR
745:(PDF)
734:(PDF)
692:(PDF)
658:(PDF)
602:(PDF)
567:JSTOR
497:(PDF)
398:is a
368:from
281:toxic
877:2010
775:2014
753:2007
670:2013
638:2016
613:2007
505:3148
414:and
279:and
231:and
1716:NBN
816:doi
708:doi
559:doi
509:doi
372:to
208:of
38:An
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