33:
626:
455:; many of the passengers escaped, and the driver, who saw the armed men, ran up the front stairs of the vehicle and hid on the top deck. Lepidus threatened the conductor with a pistol and ordered him to drive; although he had never driven a tram before, he managed to get the vehicle moving. Lepidus stayed with his pistol trained on the conductor, while Helfeld shot at the pursuers behind them. One policeman commandeered a pony and cart; he was armed and tried to get close enough to manage an aimed shot, but Helfeld shot the horse and the cart overturned. A tram on the return journey from that of number 9 was commandeered by a policeman; 40 others boarded it and it reversed down the track in pursuit. The conductor, wanting to get rid of the two men, told them that there was a police station around the next corner. The two criminals jumped off the tram near a horse-drawn
522:
668:
363:
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109:
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471:. The footpath was bordered by a six-foot (1.8 m)-high fence and, as it continued, it narrowed to the point of being impassable. It was too late for the men to turn back and they decided to climb over; Lepidus managed to make it, but Helfeld, exhausted by the chase, could not manage to climb. He shouted to Lepidus to save himself and, as the police closed in, he put the gun to his head and shot himself. The bullet entered the head half an inch above the right eye and exited through the forehead on the other side. He was disarmed before he could fire again, and was struggling as he was overpowered; he was taken to Tottenham Hospital.
504:
safety catch worked, and the gun failed to fire. Eagles descended and entered the house with PC John Cater and
Detective Constable Charles Dixon. The three noticed sooty hand prints on the wall, where Lepidus had tried to hide up the chimney. Using a double-barrelled shotgun, Dixon shot through the door of the bedroom Lepidus had entered, while Cater and Eagles shot with revolvers. All three entered the room as Lepidus pulled a sheet over his head. Eagles and Dixon both fired as they entered, while Lepidus shot himself in the head. The police dragged him outside, where he died a few minutes later.
480:
239:
391:(PCs)—Tyler and Newman—at the nearby police station heard the shots, left the station and chased the two men down Chesnut Road. Part way down the road, George Smith, a passer-by, threw Lepidus to the ground. As they wrestled, Helfeld fired at Smith four times; two shots went through his cap—one of which scraped his scalp—another hit him in the collarbone and one missed altogether. As the two gunmen ran down the street, other members of the public joined the chase, as did several off-duty policemen from the station—
224:
408:. PCs Tyler and Newman took a short cut, and confronted the two men near the site of a rubbish incinerator. Tyler approached the men and, when he was within 9 yards (8.2 m), was heard to say "Come on; give in, the game's up". Helfeld took aim and shot him; the bullet went through his head. The two criminals took off again, while Tyler was carried to a nearby house and an ambulance summoned. He was taken to Tottenham Hospital, where he died five minutes after arrival.
340:—and returned to the factory, arriving at about 10:30 am. The car stopped to allow Keyworth—holding the bag of money—to open the gates; as it started to pull off, Lepidus grabbed the boy and tried to take the bag from him, but Keyworth held him off. Wilson stopped the car and came to Keyworth's assistance. As the trio wrestled, Wilson fell to the ground and Lepidus managed to take the bag. Helfeld joined the fight; he drew his gun—a
732:. That event led to the murder of three policemen, the wounding of two others and a gun battle which involved the military being deployed in London. A further review after the Sidney Street murders resulted in the Metropolitan Police replacing the Webley revolver with the Webley & Scott .32 calibre MP semi-automatic pistol in 1911; the City of London Police adopted the same weapon in 1912.
375:
424:, then crossed another bridge and again held off the chasing crowd from the bridge's parapet. One policeman, PC Nicod, borrowed a pistol from a bystander and made his way through the scrub until he was close enough to fire, but the gun was faulty; he was seen by Helfeld and Lepidus, who fired on him, wounding him in the calf and thigh.
692:, dated 7 July 1909, to recognise the bravery of the officers who had pursued Lepidus and Helfeld. Eagles, Cater and Dixon, the three officers who broke into Oak Cottage to apprehend Lepidus, were among the first recipients announced on 9 November 1909. The three were also among five officers promoted to the rank of
507:
The incident had lasted over two hours and covered a distance of six miles (10 km); Helfeld and
Lepidus had fired an estimated 400 rounds of ammunition. Twenty-three casualties were reported, two of them fatal and several others serious. Seven policemen were among the casualties. The bulk of the
466:
The milk cart overturned when the men tried to take a corner too fast, and they threatened a grocer's boy before stealing his delivery cart; Lepidus drove while
Helfeld sat at the back, shooting at pursuers. A policeman commandeered a car and he, with an armed colleague, kept up pursuit. The cart did
415:
until they crossed over; they were able to hold off the crowd from the bridge. Men who had been duck shooting on the marshes used their shotguns to return fire and when the two criminals moved on from the bridge, local footballers joined in the chase. Helfeld and
Lepidus ran along the western bank of
254:
Paul
Helfeld (also given as Hefeld), aged 21 in 1909, and Jacob Lepidus (also reported as Lapidus), who was 25 the same year, were Jewish-Latvian immigrants. They had been members of a Latvian socialist party and, although they had not held positions of responsibility, they had smuggled revolutionary
74:
Helfeld and
Lepidus were members of a Latvian socialist party responsible for smuggling revolutionary literature into Russia. Both had been living with Lepidus's brother Paul in Paris in 1907 when Paul was killed by the premature detonation of the bomb he was carrying to assassinate the president of
680:
Ralph
Joscelyne's father died soon after his son's murder; Ralph's mother kept the shoes her son had been wearing on the day he was killed. Following her wishes, they were buried with her when she died in 1953. A collection was taken for PC Tyler's widow, which raised ÂŁ1,055; she was only paid the
503:
When
Lepidus went upstairs, one policeman, PC Dewhurst, broke in through a downstairs window and removed the children from the house. PC Charles Eagles borrowed a pistol from a bystander and climbed a ladder at the back of the house. He was in a position to shoot, but he did not understand how the
90:
William Tyler and Ralph
Joscelyne, a ten-year-old boy—was attended by a crowd of up to half a million mourners, including 2,000 policemen. The event exacerbated ill feeling towards immigrants in London, and much of the press coverage was anti-Semitic in nature. This affected public sentiment after
182:
Several revolutionary factions were active in East and North London. One tactic often employed by revolutionaries in Russia was the expropriation of private property to fund radical activities. The influx of émigrés, and the associated rising rates of violent crime, led to widespread concerns and
539:
were held on 26 January 1909, that of
Lepidus in Walthamstow, and that of PC Tyler and 10-year-old Ralph Joscelyne in Tottenham. The coroner in the Walthamstow inquest described Lepidus as a "secret revolutionary agent", and said that the law would have to change to stop such criminal elements
287:
Both men joined a small group of Latvian agitators living in north London; according to other members of the group, the pair had criminal records and had joined as a cover for the robberies they carried out. Lepidus was employed, briefly, at a furniture factory, while Helfeld took a job at the
499:
where a Mrs Rolstone and her children were present. Mrs Rolstone was at the front gate, having left the house on hearing the police whistles, when Lepidus entered the house behind her and bolted the door. When she saw Lepidus through the window—locked in with her children—she screamed, which
70:
fired by the thieves. The robbery, of workers' wages from the Schnurmann rubber factory, was carried out by Paul Helfeld and Jacob Lepidus, Jewish Latvian immigrants. Of the twenty-three casualties, two were fatal and several others serious, among them seven policemen. The two thieves killed
403:
As the car approached them, the two criminals turned and opened fire. One round broke the car's water pipe, disabling it, and Wilson received a minor wound to the neck; Newman's cheek and ear were damaged by one shot. Members of the public attempted to take cover, but one—Ralph Joscelyne, a
575:. The cortège passed along a two-and-a-half mile (four km) route lined by 2,000 police officers and a large crowd, estimated at up to 500,000. The lengthy procession included white-plumed horses drawing Joscelyne's coffin and black-plumed horses drawing Tyler's; each was draped with a
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bicycles from passers-by. One policeman was able to return fire with a pistol borrowed from a member of the public. The car from the factory joined in the pursuit, driven by Wilson; he paused and PC Newman boarded the car before they gave chase again. Tyler ran alongside the car.
815:
harbours some of the worst alien anarchists and criminals who seek our too hospitable shore. And these are the men who use the pistol and the knife. The present affair inevitably recalls the extraordinary and fatal outrage which occurred at Tottenham less than two years
681:
interest, in addition to her widow's pension of ÂŁ15 a year. She later married PC Williams, who had taken part in the chase; he died in 1925. On her death, the capital sum of the money raised for her was paid to the Metropolitan and City of London Police orphanage fund.
603:. Surgery was carried out on 9 February to remove pieces of bone pressing into the wound; the meningitis worsened and he died on 12 February. Before his death he said the only words he was heard to have uttered in hospital: "My mother is in
696:
without the need for the usual examination; Nicod and Dewhurst were the others who rose in rank. Two others were raised to the highest level of their pay grades. Seven were granted financial awards from the Bow Street Court Reward Fund.
302:
suspected another individual, the Russian revolutionary Christian Salnish, of having organised the robbery. Salnish, who often went under the name Jacob Fogel, had been an active revolutionary since the age of 13. He participated in the
2766:
802:
called Helfeld and Lepidus "our audacious comrades" who came "under attack" from what they called "citizens, believers in the State and authority". The perception of immigrants was affected by the outrage and, according to the
715:
Following the events at Tottenham, Sir Edward Henry set up a board to examine compensation claims made by members of the public. The board was also instructed to examine whether the firearm used by the police—the .450
451:. As they crossed an area of open land, they sheltered behind a haystack and held off the pursuers, who numbered about 20 at this point. The two ran on until they reached Chingford Road, where they boarded a number 9
467:
not travel very fast because, unbeknown to Lepidus, its brake was still on, and one of the wheels was not operating. The horse was soon spent, and the two men abandoned it, taking off on foot along the bank of the
344:—and fired several times at Wilson. The shots hit Wilson's coat; one pierced his clothes and cut across his abdomen. The police report stated that it was "in a miraculous and unaccountable way he escaped injury".
807:, it "provoked some misplaced public anti-Semitism", which affected public opinion two years later in the siege of Sidney Street. In December 1909, during the events that led to the siege, a leading article in
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Schnurmann rubber factory in Tottenham. Helfeld refused to give his name when he joined the company, so he was listed on the time sheets as "Elephant" in reference to his bulk. Situated on the corner of
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entering Britain. Although Constable Eagles believed he had fired the shot that killed Lepidus, the round extracted from the dead man's head indicated otherwise. The jury passed a verdict of suicide.
319:. Special Branch suspected a political element to the crime based on Salnish's involvement, but as both Helfeld and Lepidus died during the chase, the motivation for the crime was never established.
877:
PC Tyler was 31 years-old at the time. He had been a policeman since 1903 and was described by one of his superiors as "an exemplary man". Prior to joining the police, he had been a gunner with the
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in a Walthamstow cemetery in a ceremony closed to the public. An armed guard was kept around Tottenham Hospital in case Helfeld tried to escape. Although his wounds had begun to heal, he contracted
547:
of PC Tyler by Helfeld, for which the coroner used the authority of his court to commit the Latvian to trial. Joscelyne's death, the jury decided, had been caused by Helfeld and Lepidus together.
404:
ten-year-old boy—was caught by a round to the chest. Someone took him to hospital on a bicycle, but he was pronounced dead on arrival. The gunmen continued their escape, and headed towards
2773:
79:. They fled France to north London, where they became members of a small group of Latvian agitators. For some time before the robbery, Helfeld was employed at the Schnurmann factory.
728:. These changes had not been implemented by the end of December 1910, when a group of Latvian revolutionaries undertook an attempted break-in at a jewellery shop, which led to the
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in memory of Joscelyne was placed at the Church of the Good Shepherd, Tottenham, and one indicating the end of the chase at the approximate site of Oak Cottage (now destroyed).
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On 23 January 1909 Helfeld and Lepidus waited outside the Schnurmann factory. At the same time every week Schnurmann's chauffeur, Joseph Wilson, drove to a bank in nearby
945:ÂŁ1,055 in 1909 is equivalent to equivalent to ÂŁ138,908 in 2023; ÂŁ15 in 1909 is equivalent to equivalent to ÂŁ1,975 in 2023, according to calculations based on the
2837:
2500:
Hagedorn, Julia (31 January 1989). "Education Guardian: Death stalks the streets – Reliving history took on new meaning for children at a North London school recently".
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canal; local workmen followed on the opposite bank in an attempt to cut them off, but several were wounded when the two men fired at them. The pair crossed the canal at
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
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205:, in his examination of immigration into Britain, opines that the Act "gave official sanction to xenophobic reflexes which might ... have remained dormant".
261:
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In November 1909 a monument to PC Tyler was built at his grave; the ÂŁ200 cost was paid by members of the Metropolitan Police. The memorial was designated a
2325:
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794:, focused on attacking the Aliens Act 1905, blaming it for being too open and making it too easy to enter the country. The French anarchist newspaper
284:, the President of France, exploded prematurely. Lepidus and Helfeld fled the country and lived in Scotland for a year, before moving to Tottenham.
3157:
568:
140:; the concentration of Jews in some areas of London was almost 100 per cent of the population. Because of the influx of Russians into one part of
136:. The influx reached its peak in the late 1890s when large numbers of Jewish immigrants—mostly poor and semi-skilled or unskilled—settled in the
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as a "member of a notorious Russian revolutionary family". On 1 May 1907 Paul Lepidus was killed when a bomb he was carrying to assassinate
91:
another armed robbery by Latvian immigrants in December 1910, which resulted in the murder of three policemen; the events culminated in the
66:, that resulted in a two-hour chase between the police and armed criminals over a distance of six miles (10 km), with an estimated 400
1662:
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The inquest at Tottenham heard evidence through the day and adjourned until the following week. When the verdict was given, it was for the
392:
201:
supported the bill to bar "the dirty, destitute, diseased, verminous and criminal foreigner who dumps himself on our soil". The journalist
1649:
1647:
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for ten years and had an excellent character reference when he left the army. He had been married for a year; the couple had no children.
1644:
2730:
1490:
1488:
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2628:
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708:). A cross was carved into a wall where PC Tyler was shot, and a plaque in his memory was installed at Tottenham police station. A
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720:—was suitable, and whether sufficient numbers had been issued. The recommendation was that the Webley should be replaced by the
32:
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1454:
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1704:
1677:
1631:
1629:
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2385:
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2212:
2193:
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2150:
2131:
2107:
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984:
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133:
785:'s record on immigration, citing the number of foreign dissidents who had been expelled from Britain for criminal activity.
1626:
607:." An inquest recorded a verdict of suicide. He was buried in an unconsecrated area of a cemetery near Tottenham Hospital.
336:
with Albert Keyworth, a 17-year-old office boy. They collected the week's wages—on the 23rd it was £80 in gold, silver and
299:
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Donald Rumbelow, in his history of the event, states the shot went through the neck; the witnesses at the inquest say the
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1998:
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Some of the expatriates were revolutionaries, and many were unable to adapt to life in London. The social historian
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Lepidus was reported as having a blood-stained face at this point, which was probably the result of wounds from
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money from the robbery was never recovered, with the exception of a ÂŁ5 bag of silver coins found on Lepidus.
125:
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was released in 1960. A highly fictionalised re-imagining of the events form a sub-plot of the 2014 novel
2163:
Literature, Immigration, and Diaspora in Fin-de-Siècle England: A Cultural History of the 1905 Aliens Act
804:
362:
38:
1914:
1804:"Information Leaflet Number 43; Records of City of London Police Officers", London Metropolitan Archives
838:ÂŁ80 in 1909 equates to around equivalent to ÂŁ10,533 in 2023, according to calculations based on the
667:
292:
and Chesnut Road, the factory sat opposite Tottenham Police Station, which was under the control of the
128:, the largest Jewish community in the world at the time. Subjected to religious persecution and violent
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1653:
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1962:
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1809:
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and tramway employees. A volley of guns was fired at the end. The two were buried near each other at
579:. They were escorted by policemen, a police band, men from the local fire brigade, a contingent from
333:
86:, which was awarded to several of those involved in the pursuit. A joint funeral for the two victims—
1950:
3231:
3108:
3066:
2460:
1494:
878:
580:
2544:
1857:
983:ÂŁ200 in 1909 equates to equivalent to ÂŁ26,333 in 2023, according to calculations based on the
639:
179:" had been conflated by the British press to refer generally to those with revolutionary beliefs.
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304:
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The Tottenham Outrage and Walthamstow Tram Chase: The Most Spectacular Hot Pursuit in History
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1920:
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literature into Russia for the party. The pair had been living in Paris in 1907, along with
3132:
2526:
1635:
596:
2816:
2750:
1968:
132:, many emigrated, and between 1875 and 1914 around 120,000 arrived in the United Kingdom,
8:
3114:
3054:
1503:
963:
852:
724:, although no change was made. A subsequent decision was for a British-made firearm, the
584:
293:
289:
191:
in an attempt to reduce immigration. The popular press reflected the opinions of many; a
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2078:
1956:
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76:
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Although there was some initial confusion about the backgrounds of Helfeld and Lepidus—
427:
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137:
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Helfeld and Lepidus crossed the nearby railway line and followed the west bank of the
238:
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2004:
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405:
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87:
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and the City of London Police Act 1839, the capital was policed by two forces, the
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The popular press reported the case extensively, and some newspapers, particularly
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308:
230:
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2349:
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3199:
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2602:
Scholes, Lucy (31 July 2014). "A streetwise murder tale for crime connoisseurs".
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1319:
762:
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701:
555:
Joscelyne and Tyler's joint funeral was held on 29 January 1909, attended by Sir
496:
312:
188:
2862:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
2334:
971:
778:
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reported that they were Italians—the actions of the two men led to a debate on
754:
417:
117:
2888:
2315:
459:, shooting the driver and stealing his vehicle. They fled in the direction of
3215:
3006:
2406:
2251:
2088:
891:
689:
544:
495:. He crossed the nearby railway line and took refuge in Oak Cottage, a small
460:
396:
316:
245:
202:
2710:
595:
Lepidus was buried the same day as Joscelyne and Tyler. He was interred in
556:
527:
145:
63:
2767:"Information Leaflet Number 43; Records of City of London Police Officers"
2398:
The Jew in London. A Study of Racial Character and Present-Day Conditions
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43:
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The bravery of the police during the chase led to the creation of the
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1830:
1815:
1330:
412:
276:
192:
176:
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141:
59:
2629:"The Tottenham Outrage: Coroner's Inquest on One of the Assassins".
1873:"Monument to William Tyler in Abney Park Cemetery", Historic England
1434:"The Tottenham Outrage: Coroner's Inquest on One of the Assassins",
1012:
171:
were almost accepted as part of the East End landscape"; the terms "
488:
447:
Helfeld and Lepidus continued their flight along the south side of
341:
2611:"Tottenham Murders: Jury and 'Continental Criminal Desperadoes'".
1366:
1159:
1108:
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1792:"Historical Organisation of the Met", Metropolitan Police Service
1768:"History of the Metropolitan Police", Metropolitan Police Service
916:
915:
term for "felon of himself"; it is an archaic legal term meaning
55:
2860:
inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017).
851:
Lepidus was also carrying a weapon, a 6.5mm 1894 model Bergmann
129:
1024:
912:
2797:"Monument to William Tyler in Abney Park Cemetery (1257266)"
2647:"The Tottenham Outrage: Funeral of Police Constable Tyler".
1938:
1669:"The Tottenham Outrage: Funeral of Police Constable Tyler",
1196:
604:
452:
1048:
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Morgan, D. J. (26 January 1909). "The Shooting Outrage".
1933:"The Siege of Sidney Street", Metropolitan Police Service
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1213:
1211:
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The estimate of numbers attending differed in the press.
103:
3005:
2013:
1839:
1036:
932:
said there were "considerably more than 100,000", while
2224:
Scotland Yard Casebook, the Making of the CID 1865–1935
1341:
1339:
1252:
1250:
1137:
1135:
1096:
735:
The events of the Tottenham Outrage were re-enacted in
726:
Webley & Scott .32 calibre MP semi-automatic pistol
2887:. Police Firearms Officers Association. Archived from
2378:
The Houndsditch Murders and the Siege of Sidney Street
1921:"Conservation areas", London Borough of Waltham Forest
1878:
1773:
1692:
1567:
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1351:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1235:
1208:
1186:
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1182:
1180:
1178:
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970:, who were responsible for law enforcement within the
1986:
1974:
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1969:"The Siege of Sidney Street", British Film Institute
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and afterwards helped to build resistance groups in
1277:
1175:
1084:
3097:West Bromwich/Nuneaton, Staffordshire/Warwickshire
2693:. London Borough of Waltham Forest. Archived from
2314:
2291:
2096:Cohen, Steve; Humphries, Beth; Mynott, Ed (2002).
1957:"The Croydon film pioneers", Huntley Film Archives
966:, who held sway over most of the capital, and the
2674:"The Tottenham Outrage: Verdict at the Inquest".
2656:"The Tottenham Outrage: Inquest on Paul Hefeld".
1902:
1726:"The Tottenham Outrage: Inquest on Paul Hefeld",
1598:"The Tottenham Outrage: Verdict at the Inquest",
1060:
3213:
1890:
2638:"The Tottenham Outrage: The Funeral of Jacob".
2518:"Imposing Funeral of London's Policeman Hero".
2509:"Mr Herbert Gladstone: The Tottenham Outrage".
1684:"The Tottenham Outrage: The Funeral of Jacob",
1618:"Imposing Funeral of London's Policeman Hero",
112:Schnurmann rubber factory: scene of the robbery
2772:. London Metropolitan Archives. Archived from
2202:
1944:
2991:
2840:. Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from
2749:. Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from
2729:. Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from
2573:"Tottenham Outrage's young victim remembered"
2099:From Immigration Controls to Welfare Controls
161:
2394:
2329:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2140:
2059:Victoria's Madmen: Revolution and Alienation
1517:
1030:
811:described the Whitechapel area as one that:
796:
268:
266:, a revolutionary bomber who went under the
2294:The East End: Four Centuries of London Life
905:
737:Doctor Brian Pellie and the Secret Despatch
2998:
2984:
2554:"The Murdered Policeman: Public Funeral".
2240:
2180:
1752:
1654:"The Murdered Policeman: Public Funeral",
1229:
1042:
704:on 24 March 1997 by English Heritage (now
2166:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1331:UK Consumer Price Index Inflation Figures
2820:. British Film Institute. Archived from
2499:
2469:
2375:
2203:Keily, Jackie; Hoffbrand, Julia (2015).
2141:Gould, Robert; Waldren, Michael (1986).
2126:. Nottingham: Five Leaves Publications.
1884:
1779:
1698:
1573:
1561:
1533:
1513:
1479:
1410:
1376:
1360:
1298:
1241:
1217:
1169:
1153:
1090:
520:
478:
426:
107:
31:
2879:
2665:"The Tottenham Outrage: The Inquests".
2601:
2489:"Tottenham Remembers Outrageous Deaths"
2326:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2116:
1980:
1845:
1740:
1585:
1557:
1545:
1529:
1509:
1475:
1448:
1396:"The Tottenham Outrage: The Inquests",
1372:
1345:
1256:
1054:
820:
483:The bed where Lepidus committed suicide
14:
3214:
2942:. London: Wilson Harris Publications.
2535:
2434:
2413:
2356:
2312:
2286:
2282:. 9 November 1909. pp. 8243–8244.
2159:
2076:
2019:
1992:
1202:
1190:
1165:
1126:
1102:
1078:
1066:
1006:
903:The verdict of the coroners court was
590:
104:Immigration and demographics in London
71:themselves at the end of the pursuit.
3272:Murder–suicides in the United Kingdom
2979:
2961:. London: Little, Brown and Company.
2570:
2395:Russell, Charles; Lewis, H S (1900).
2243:Middlesex: Biographical and Pictorial
2055:
2049:
1908:
1269:"An outrage that appalled a nation",
1141:
2747:"History of the Metropolitan Police"
2727:"Historical Organisation of the Met"
2577:Tottenham and Wood Green Independent
2571:Pears, Elizabeth (2 February 2011).
2493:Tottenham and Wood Green Independent
2486:
2417:Special Branch: A History: 1883–2006
2221:
1896:
1286:
322:
2959:The Black Museum: New Scotland Yard
2818:"The Siege of Sidney Street (1960)"
2564:"An Outrage that Appalled a Nation"
2487:Gray, Charlotte (26 January 2009).
2472:"Face Has Changed but Fear Remains"
659:Plaque in memory of Ralph Joscelyne
550:
531:, reporting the funeral of PC Tyler
443:6. Where Lepidus committed suicide
437:3. Where Ralph Joscelyne was killed
46:'s interpretation of the tram chase
24:
3227:1909 murders in the United Kingdom
2908:
2802:National Heritage List for England
2584:"The Police Murders in the City".
2461:"Alien Desperadoes at Tottenham".
2268:. 9 July 1909. pp. 5281–5282.
2123:East End Jewish Radicals 1875–1914
2083:. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
2032:"The Police Murders in the City",
1495:"Alien Desperadoes at Tottenham",
1115:Cohen, Humphries & Mynott 2002
1019:Cohen, Humphries & Mynott 2002
631:Sculpture on the grave of PC Tyler
487:Lepidus continued his flight into
25:
3283:
2620:"The Tottenham Outrage: Burial".
2547:The Hackney and Kingsland Gazette
2527:"London's Last Tribute to Hero".
2188:. London: John Blake Publishing.
2145:. London: Arms and Armour Press.
1860:The Hackney and Kingsland Gazette
1711:"The Tottenham Outrage: Burial",
1636:"London's Last Tribute to Hero",
431:The route of the chase, showing:
315:—and the area now covered by the
274:"Striga"; Jacob was described in
183:press coverage. As a result, the
3127:Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire
2470:Cesarani, David (27 June 2003).
2454:
2186:Dark Secrets of the Black Museum
666:
652:
645:Plaque commemorating the outrage
638:
624:
433:1. The Schnurmann rubber factory
373:
361:
237:
222:
2624:. 19 February 1909. p. 10.
2597:. 30 January 1909. p. 148.
2588:. 19 December 1910. p. 11.
2420:. London: Biteback Publishing.
977:
952:
939:
922:
897:
884:
871:
858:
845:
832:
395:—some on foot, but some having
327:
148:, the area gained the nickname
3267:Metropolitan Police operations
3170:Tyne & Wear/Northumberland
2939:Outrage!: An Edwardian Tragedy
2660:. 17 February 1909. p. 8.
2593:"Portraits and World's News".
2558:. 30 January 1909. p. 10.
2549:. 15 November 1909. p. 4.
2520:The Illustrated Police Gazette
2062:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
1620:The Illustrated Police Gazette
1461:"Portraits and World's News",
930:The Illustrated Police Gazette
474:
368:Police Constable William Tyler
13:
1:
2678:. 3 February 1909. p. 4.
2669:. 27 January 1909. p. 4.
2651:. 30 January 1909. p. 9.
2642:. 30 January 1909. p. 9.
2633:. 27 January 1909. p. 4.
2615:. 3 February 1909. p. 8.
2531:. 30 January 1909. p. 3.
2522:. 6 February 1909. p. 2.
2513:. 5 February 1909. p. 7.
2465:. 30 January 1909. p. 2.
2246:. London: Allan North. 1906.
994:
441:5. Where Helfeld shot himself
98:
2838:"The Siege of Sidney Street"
2566:. BBC News. 23 January 2009.
2350:UK public library membership
960:Metropolitan Police Act 1829
868:was on the back of the head.
673:Plaque in memory of PC Tyler
511:
439:4. Where PC Tyler was killed
208:
198:Manchester Evening Chronicle
27:1909 armed robbery in London
7:
2711:"The Croydon film pioneers"
2683:
2545:"Memorial to Police Hero".
2463:The Illustrated Police News
1858:"Memorial to Police Hero",
1497:The Illustrated Police News
936:stated that it was 500,000.
805:Metropolitan Police Service
516:
435:2. Tottenham police station
39:The Illustrated London News
10:
3288:
3067:Sheffield, South Yorkshire
2401:. London: T Fisher Unwin.
2205:The Crime Museum Uncovered
2043:
1945:Keily & Hoffbrand 2015
746:The Siege of Sidney Street
257:Lepidus's brother Vladimir
54:of 23 January 1909 was an
3247:20th century in Middlesex
3148:
3133:Monkseaton, Tyne and Wear
3061:Knowsley Hall, Merseyside
3033:
3014:
2915:Barton, Geoffrey (2017).
2376:Rumbelow, Donald (1988).
770:. In early February 1909
743:; A second film version,
702:Grade II listed structure
610:
3109:Tolleshunt D'Arcy, Essex
3073:Smethwick, West Midlands
2313:Porter, Bernard (2011).
2005:"Mr Herbert Gladstone",
1518:Gould & Waldren 1986
1031:Russell & Lewis 1900
972:historic City boundaries
879:Royal Garrison Artillery
825:
581:Royal Garrison Artillery
569:Under-Secretary of State
347:
116:In the 19th century the
3252:Child murder in England
3222:1900s murders in London
3055:Eastbourne, East Sussex
3024:Stanfield Hall, Norwich
2882:"The Tottenham Outrage"
2858:UK Consumer Price Index
2713:. Huntley Film Archives
2658:The Manchester Guardian
2631:The Manchester Guardian
2622:The Manchester Guardian
2613:The Manchester Guardian
2595:Illustrated London News
2556:The Manchester Guardian
2511:The Manchester Guardian
2435:Winder, Robert (2005).
2298:. London: John Murray.
2226:. London: Robert Hale.
2007:The Manchester Guardian
1728:The Manchester Guardian
1713:The Manchester Guardian
1656:The Manchester Guardian
1463:Illustrated London News
1436:The Manchester Guardian
1313:The Manchester Guardian
305:1905 Russian Revolution
2957:Waddell, Bill (1993).
2936:Harris, Janet (2000).
2880:Waldren, Mike (2015).
2476:Times Higher Education
2357:Rogers, Colin (1981).
2335:10.1093/ref:odnb/92479
2160:Glover, David (2012).
2080:The New Eastern Europe
2077:Butler, Ralph (1919).
906:
818:
797:
730:siege of Sidney Street
561:Commissioner of Police
532:
500:attracted the police.
484:
444:
393:none carrying firearms
269:
162:
113:
93:siege of Sidney Street
47:
3182:Moss Side, Manchester
3176:Horden, County Durham
3115:Hungerford, Berkshire
3009:in the United Kingdom
2380:. London: W H Allen.
2359:The Battle of Stepney
2207:. London: IB Tauris.
2143:London's Armed Police
2102:. London: Routledge.
2056:Bloom, Clive (2013).
1311:"Tottenham Murders",
987:measure of inflation.
968:City of London Police
949:measure of inflation.
842:measure of inflation.
813:
751:The Tottenham Outrage
722:Colt Automatic pistol
688:was established by a
524:
482:
430:
311:—then the capital of
111:
35:
3257:London crime history
3194:Wallasey, Merseyside
3139:Dunblane, Perthshire
2691:"Conservation areas"
2414:Wilson, Ray (2015).
1057:, pp. 269, 287.
985:Consumer Price Index
947:Consumer Price Index
840:Consumer Price Index
821:Notes and references
597:unconsecrated ground
342:.32 calibre Browning
216:Types of weapon used
124:, was home to about
68:rounds of ammunition
3103:Westminster, London
3091:Westminster, London
3079:Westminster, London
3049:Houndsditch, London
2921:. Waterside Press.
2844:on 25 February 2016
2222:Lock, Joan (1993).
964:Metropolitan Police
853:self-loading pistol
768:immigration control
686:King's Police Medal
591:Lepidus and Helfeld
585:Abney Park Cemetery
294:Metropolitan Police
290:Tottenham High Road
84:King's Police Medal
3085:Penmaenmawr, Clwyd
2824:on 19 January 2018
2697:on 1 December 2017
2439:. London: Abacus.
2361:. London: R Hale.
2316:"Piatkoff, Peter (
2279:The London Gazette
2265:The London Gazette
2182:Honeycombe, Gordon
2118:Fishman, William J
2050:Books and journals
2022:, pp. 182–83.
1833:The London Gazette
1818:The London Gazette
1516:, pp. 22–24;
1105:, pp. 123–25.
1033:, p. xxxviii.
783:Asquith government
533:
525:The front page of
485:
445:
185:British government
157:William J. Fishman
138:East End of London
114:
48:
3209:
3208:
3158:Aston, Birmingham
3043:Tottenham, London
2968:978-0-751-51033-1
2949:978-0-9539641-0-9
2928:978-1-909976-40-5
2446:978-0-349-11566-5
2437:Bloody Foreigners
2427:978-1-84954-963-9
2387:978-0-491-03178-3
2368:978-0-7091-9146-9
2348:(Subscription or
2305:978-0-7195-6640-0
2233:978-0-7090-4660-8
2214:978-1-78130-041-1
2195:978-1-7821-9904-5
2173:978-1-139-53678-3
2152:978-0-85368-880-8
2133:978-0-907123-45-3
2109:978-0-415-25083-2
2069:978-1-137-31897-8
1848:, pp. 10–11.
1564:, pp. 26–27.
1536:, pp. 24–25.
1482:, pp. 19–20.
1021:, pp. 13–14.
772:Herbert Gladstone
449:Banbury Reservoir
406:Tottenham Marshes
389:police constables
323:Robbery and chase
229:6.5mm 1894 model
159:writes that "the
134:mostly in England
126:five million Jews
120:, then including
52:Tottenham Outrage
16:(Redirected from
3279:
3121:Southall, London
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2953:
2932:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2894:on 17 March 2016
2893:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2793:Historic England
2788:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2567:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2529:The Daily Mirror
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2483:
2482:on 7 March 2016.
2478:. Archived from
2466:
2450:
2431:
2410:
2391:
2372:
2353:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2322:
2309:
2297:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2237:
2218:
2199:
2177:
2156:
2137:
2113:
2092:
2073:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1638:The Daily Mirror
1633:
1624:
1615:
1604:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1560:, pp. 7–8;
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1532:, pp. 6–7;
1527:
1521:
1512:, pp. 5–6;
1507:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1478:, pp. 4–5;
1473:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1380:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1349:
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1328:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
988:
981:
975:
956:
950:
943:
937:
934:The Daily Mirror
926:
920:
909:
901:
895:
888:
882:
875:
869:
862:
856:
849:
843:
836:
800:
706:Historic England
670:
656:
642:
628:
551:Victims' funeral
528:The Daily Mirror
422:Stonebridge Lock
377:
365:
309:Saint Petersburg
282:Armand Fallières
272:
265:
241:
226:
165:
88:Police Constable
77:Armand Fallières
21:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3232:1909 in England
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3188:Plymouth, Devon
3172:(3–10 Jul 2010)
3150:
3144:
3035:
3029:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2969:
2956:
2950:
2935:
2929:
2914:
2911:
2909:Further reading
2906:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2870:
2868:
2847:
2845:
2827:
2825:
2807:
2805:
2782:
2780:
2779:on 7 March 2016
2776:
2769:
2756:
2754:
2753:on 20 June 2012
2736:
2734:
2733:on 4 March 2016
2716:
2714:
2700:
2698:
2686:
2604:The Independent
2457:
2447:
2428:
2388:
2369:
2347:
2339:
2337:
2306:
2234:
2215:
2196:
2174:
2153:
2134:
2110:
2070:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1753:Honeycombe 2014
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1678:
1667:
1663:
1652:
1645:
1634:
1627:
1616:
1607:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
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1568:
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1544:
1540:
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1524:
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1504:
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1486:
1474:
1470:
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1417:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1320:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1230:Honeycombe 2014
1228:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1176:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1009:, pp. 3–4.
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
991:
982:
978:
957:
953:
944:
940:
927:
923:
902:
898:
892:shotgun pellets
889:
885:
876:
872:
863:
859:
850:
846:
837:
833:
828:
823:
718:Webley Revolver
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
671:
662:
661:
660:
657:
648:
647:
646:
643:
634:
633:
632:
629:
620:
619:
613:
593:
573:Home Department
553:
519:
514:
497:two-up two-down
477:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
385:
384:
383:
382:
381:
380:Ralph Joscelyne
378:
370:
369:
366:
357:
356:
355:The two victims
350:
330:
325:
313:Imperial Russia
259:
252:
251:
250:
249:
248:
242:
234:
233:
227:
218:
217:
211:
193:leading article
189:Aliens Act 1905
106:
101:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:1900s in Essex
3239:
3237:1909 in London
3234:
3229:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3200:Euston, London
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
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3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3007:Mass shootings
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2954:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2877:
2866:MeasuringWorth
2854:
2834:
2814:
2789:
2763:
2743:
2723:
2707:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
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2551:
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2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2484:
2467:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2432:
2426:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2373:
2367:
2354:
2310:
2304:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2238:
2232:
2219:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2178:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2138:
2132:
2114:
2108:
2093:
2074:
2068:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2024:
2012:
1997:
1995:, p. 183.
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1850:
1838:
1823:
1808:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1757:
1755:, p. 244.
1745:
1733:
1718:
1703:
1691:
1676:
1661:
1643:
1625:
1605:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1550:
1538:
1522:
1502:
1484:
1468:
1453:
1441:
1415:
1403:
1381:
1365:
1350:
1335:
1318:
1303:
1291:
1289:, p. 186.
1276:
1261:
1246:
1234:
1232:, p. 231.
1222:
1207:
1195:
1174:
1168:, p. 45;
1158:
1146:
1144:, p. 269.
1131:
1129:, p. 260.
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1081:, p. 111.
1071:
1059:
1047:
1045:, p. 361.
1043:Middlesex 1906
1035:
1023:
1011:
998:
996:
993:
990:
989:
976:
958:Following the
951:
938:
921:
896:
883:
870:
857:
844:
830:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
791:The Daily Mail
779:Home Secretary
755:Matthew Baylis
672:
665:
664:
663:
658:
651:
650:
649:
644:
637:
636:
635:
630:
623:
622:
621:
617:
616:
615:
614:
612:
609:
592:
589:
565:Herbert Samuel
552:
549:
518:
515:
513:
510:
476:
473:
418:Lee Navigation
379:
372:
371:
367:
360:
359:
358:
354:
353:
352:
351:
349:
346:
329:
326:
324:
321:
300:Special Branch
243:
236:
235:
228:
221:
220:
219:
215:
214:
213:
212:
210:
207:
118:Russian Empire
105:
102:
100:
97:
36:Front page of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3284:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3202:(14 Jan 2023)
3201:
3198:
3196:(24 Dec 2022)
3195:
3192:
3190:(12 Aug 2021)
3189:
3186:
3184:(12 Aug 2018)
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3141:(13 Mar 1996)
3140:
3137:
3135:(30 Apr 1989)
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:(11 Nov 1987)
3122:
3119:
3117:(19 Aug 1987)
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:(17 Apr 1984)
3104:
3101:
3099:(26 Oct 1978)
3098:
3095:
3093:(20 Aug 1978)
3092:
3089:
3087:(24 Sep 1976)
3086:
3083:
3081:(20 Mar 1974)
3080:
3077:
3075:(11 Nov 1963)
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:(19 Aug 1912)
3056:
3053:
3051:(26 Dec 1910)
3050:
3047:
3045:(23 Jan 1909)
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3026:(28 Nov 1848)
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2945:
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2930:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2775:
2768:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2712:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2606:. p. 42.
2605:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:. p. 25.
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2455:News articles
2448:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2404:
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2332:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2257:
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2249:
2245:
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2239:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1983:, p. 42.
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1947:, p. 64.
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1887:, p. 25.
1886:
1885:Hagedorn 1989
1881:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1834:
1831:"No. 28306",
1827:
1820:
1819:
1816:"No. 28269",
1812:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1782:, p. 31.
1781:
1780:Rumbelow 1988
1776:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1743:, p. 11.
1742:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1701:, p. 29.
1700:
1699:Rumbelow 1988
1695:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1576:, p. 27.
1575:
1574:Rumbelow 1988
1570:
1563:
1562:Rumbelow 1988
1559:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1534:Rumbelow 1988
1531:
1526:
1520:, p. 64.
1519:
1515:
1514:Rumbelow 1988
1511:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:Rumbelow 1988
1477:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1413:, p. 18.
1412:
1411:Rumbelow 1988
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1379:, p. 18.
1378:
1377:Rumbelow 1988
1375:, p. 3;
1374:
1369:
1363:, p. 17.
1362:
1361:Rumbelow 1988
1357:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1301:, p. 47.
1300:
1299:Rumbelow 1988
1295:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1244:, p. 16.
1243:
1242:Rumbelow 1988
1238:
1231:
1226:
1220:, p. 44.
1219:
1218:Rumbelow 1988
1214:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1172:, p. 44.
1171:
1170:Rumbelow 1988
1167:
1162:
1156:, p. 11.
1155:
1154:Rumbelow 1988
1150:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1117:, p. 14.
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1091:Cesarani 2003
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
999:
986:
980:
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
948:
942:
935:
931:
925:
918:
914:
910:
908:
900:
893:
887:
880:
874:
867:
861:
854:
848:
841:
835:
831:
817:
812:
810:
806:
801:
799:
793:
792:
786:
784:
781:defended the
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
758:
756:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
713:
711:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
690:Royal Warrant
687:
682:
669:
655:
641:
627:
608:
606:
602:
598:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
548:
546:
545:wilful murder
541:
538:
530:
529:
523:
509:
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
481:
472:
470:
464:
462:
461:Epping Forest
458:
454:
450:
429:
425:
423:
419:
414:
409:
407:
401:
398:
394:
390:
376:
364:
345:
343:
339:
335:
320:
318:
317:Baltic states
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
295:
291:
285:
283:
279:
278:
273:
271:
270:nom de guerre
263:
258:
247:
240:
232:
225:
206:
204:
203:Robert Winder
200:
199:
194:
190:
186:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
164:
158:
153:
151:
150:Little Russia
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
110:
96:
94:
89:
85:
80:
78:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:armed robbery
53:
45:
41:
40:
34:
30:
19:
3178:(1 Jan 2012)
3166:(2 Jun 2010)
3160:(2 Jan 2003)
3129:(8 Jan 1988)
3111:(7 Aug 1985)
3069:(1 Jan 1960)
3063:(9 Oct 1952)
3042:
2958:
2938:
2917:
2896:. Retrieved
2889:the original
2869:. Retrieved
2865:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:the original
2826:. Retrieved
2822:the original
2806:. Retrieved
2800:
2781:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2755:. Retrieved
2751:the original
2735:. Retrieved
2731:the original
2715:. Retrieved
2699:. Retrieved
2695:the original
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2555:
2546:
2540:. p. 7.
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2502:The Guardian
2501:
2492:
2480:the original
2475:
2462:
2436:
2416:
2397:
2377:
2358:
2338:. Retrieved
2324:
2317:
2293:
2288:Palmer, Alan
2277:
2263:
2242:
2223:
2204:
2185:
2162:
2142:
2121:
2098:
2079:
2058:
2033:
2027:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1988:
1981:Scholes 2014
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1846:Waldren 2015
1841:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1748:
1741:Waldren 2015
1736:
1727:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1655:
1637:
1619:
1599:
1593:
1588:, p. 8.
1586:Waldren 2015
1581:
1569:
1558:Waldren 2015
1553:
1548:, p. 7.
1546:Waldren 2015
1541:
1530:Waldren 2015
1525:
1510:Waldren 2015
1505:
1496:
1476:Waldren 2015
1471:
1462:
1456:
1451:, p. 4.
1449:Waldren 2015
1444:
1435:
1406:
1397:
1373:Waldren 2015
1368:
1348:, p. 2.
1346:Waldren 2015
1312:
1306:
1294:
1270:
1264:
1259:, p. 3.
1257:Waldren 2015
1237:
1225:
1205:, Chapter 2.
1198:
1193:, p. 7.
1161:
1149:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1055:Fishman 2004
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
979:
954:
941:
933:
929:
924:
904:
899:
886:
873:
860:
847:
834:
814:
808:
795:
789:
787:
761:
759:
750:
744:
736:
734:
714:
699:
683:
679:
594:
557:Edward Henry
554:
542:
534:
526:
506:
502:
486:
465:
446:
410:
402:
397:commandeered
386:
331:
328:Wages snatch
298:
286:
275:
267:
253:
244:.32 calibre
196:
181:
160:
154:
146:North London
115:
81:
73:
64:North London
51:
49:
37:
29:
18:Paul Helfeld
2871:13 November
2808:20 November
2717:18 November
2701:18 November
2274:"No. 28306"
2260:"No. 28269"
2020:Glover 2012
1993:Glover 2012
1203:Wilson 2015
1191:Morgan 1909
1166:Butler 1919
1127:Winder 2005
1103:Rogers 1981
1079:Palmer 2004
1067:Porter 2011
1007:Glover 2012
741:silent film
710:blue plaque
493:Walthamstow
475:Oak Cottage
469:River Ching
260: [
187:passed the
163:meschuggena
44:Cyrus Cuneo
3216:Categories
2898:30 January
2783:15 January
2757:1 November
2737:15 January
2352:required.)
1909:Pears 2011
1142:Bloom 2013
995:References
907:felo de se
866:exit wound
739:(1912), a
601:meningitis
577:Union Jack
457:milk float
169:Anarchists
99:Background
3262:Tottenham
2848:5 January
2676:The Times
2667:The Times
2649:The Times
2640:The Times
2586:The Times
2538:The Times
2407:162217108
2340:4 January
2252:155719291
2089:459004564
2034:The Times
1897:Gray 2009
1686:The Times
1671:The Times
1600:The Times
1398:The Times
1287:Lock 1993
809:The Times
618:Memorials
512:Aftermath
413:River Lea
277:The Times
209:Criminals
177:anarchist
173:socialist
142:Tottenham
60:Tottenham
2684:Websites
2320:. 1910)"
2290:(2004).
2184:(2014).
2120:(2004).
1271:BBC News
798:Le Retif
763:The Star
694:sergeant
571:for the
537:inquests
517:Inquests
489:Hale End
246:Browning
231:Bergmann
167:(crazy)
75:France,
3164:Cumbria
3151:century
3036:century
3017:century
2044:Sources
917:suicide
776:Liberal
338:coppers
334:Hackney
195:in the
175:" and "
130:pogroms
42:, with
2965:
2946:
2925:
2828:24 May
2443:
2424:
2405:
2384:
2365:
2346:
2302:
2250:
2230:
2211:
2192:
2170:
2149:
2130:
2106:
2087:
2066:
774:, the
611:Impact
563:, and
559:, the
122:Latvia
2892:(pdf)
2885:(PDF)
2777:(PDF)
2770:(PDF)
913:Latin
826:Notes
348:Chase
264:]
3149:21st
3034:20th
3015:19th
2963:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2900:2016
2873:2017
2850:2016
2830:2022
2810:2017
2785:2016
2759:2017
2739:2016
2719:2017
2703:2017
2441:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2403:OCLC
2382:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2342:2015
2300:ISBN
2248:OCLC
2228:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2104:ISBN
2085:OCLC
2064:ISBN
911:, a
816:ago.
684:The
605:Riga
535:Two
453:tram
416:the
387:Two
50:The
2331:doi
753:by
144:in
58:in
3218::
2864:.
2799:.
2795:.
2575:.
2491:.
2474:.
2323:.
2318:fl
2276:.
2262:.
1760:^
1646:^
1628:^
1608:^
1487:^
1418:^
1384:^
1353:^
1338:^
1321:^
1279:^
1249:^
1210:^
1177:^
1134:^
757:.
587:.
567:,
491:,
463:.
296:.
262:ru
152:.
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2992:t
2985:v
2971:.
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2852:.
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2761:.
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2579:.
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2344:.
2333::
2308:.
2254:.
2236:.
2217:.
2198:.
2176:.
2155:.
2136:.
2112:.
2091:.
2072:.
2037:.
2010:.
1971:.
1959:.
1935:.
1923:.
1911:.
1899:.
1875:.
1863:.
1836:.
1821:.
1806:.
1794:.
1770:.
1731:.
1716:.
1689:.
1674:.
1659:.
1641:.
1623:.
1603:.
1500:.
1466:.
1439:.
1401:.
1333:.
1316:.
1274:.
1093:.
1069:.
974:.
919:.
894:.
855:.
20:)
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