357:
the elimination of the consequences of the
Armenian Genocide (1915–1923). In 1973, the National United Party reelected Hayrikyan as its president. In the same year, Hayrikyan wrote his seminal political pamphlet "The Road to Independence through Referendum Strategy." On February 12, 1974, he was again arrested. During the trial Hayrikyan conducted himself as a consistent supporter of independence and civic rights. According to Jewish writer Mikhail Heifetz, not only Armenians, but also many other Soviet dissidents were among the members and supporters of NUP (
238:
711:
31:
313:
386:
265:, where he remained for some time. During this period, Paruyr Hayrikyan acquired wide popularity, and was elected Chairman of the International Coordinating Center of the National Democratic Movement of the USSR, also known as Democracy and Independence. On May 20, 1990, while he was still in exile in the USA, he was elected a member of the
146:. He spent a total of about 18 years in Soviet correctional facilities for his dissident activities and was eventually expelled from the Soviet Union in 1988, although he was allowed to return two years later. Since Armenia gained its independence in 1991, Hayrikyan has been active in Armenian politics as the leader of the
356:
was founded in 1966 on April 24 by Haykaz
Khachatryan, Stephan Zatikyan and Shahen Harutyunyan. When the founders of the party were imprisoned in 1968, Hayrikyan became the head of the National United Party (NUP). The main goals of the NUP were the independence of Soviet Armenia and Soviet Russia and
343:
in 2001. In this book
Hayrikyan presents "his experiences as a freedom fighter through a letter to the love of his youth whom he lost during his eighteen years in prison and exile". Besides to the dissident movement in Armenia, the book also discuss dissident activities in other Soviet republics. In
376:
Union for
National Self-Determination party was established by Paruyr Hayrikyan in September 1987. Union for National Self-Determination (UNSD) was the first openly operating democratic organization within the territory of the USSR. UNSD published the "Independence" weekly newspaper starting from
217:
Hayrikyan returned to
Armenia from prison in 1973, but was arrested again in February 1974 and sentenced to seven years imprisonment and three years exile. In 1977, he began a hunger strike in prison, demanding the release of all NUP members, the legalization of the party, and an independence
328:, another candidate in the 2013 election, and carried out by two of his associates. Sedrakyan was convicted to 14 years imprisonment for organizing the attempt on Hayrikyan's life. According to official results, Hayrikyan ranked fourth in the election. He took part in the June–July 2015
393:
Hayrikyan speaks
Armenian, Russian, English and Latvian, and has a good command of French, Ukrainian and Lithuanian. Hayrikyan was married to Yelena Sirotenko, they have three children and three grandchildren.
1187:
281:
he was ranked second with 7% votes. Hayrikyan's supporters claimed that there were violations during the campaign, including an act of violence committed against him and his supporters in the village of
418:
The formula of democraticity and complete democracy or necessary features of a democratic parliamentary system, by Paruyr
Hayrikyan, Yerevan : UNSD publishing house, 2007, 16 p.
210:("Torments"). On March 29, 1969, Hayrikyan was arrested by the KGB and sentenced to 4 years in prison the next year, which he served in a special camp for political prisoners in
1156:
206:
in July 1968, Hayrikyan became the effective head of the NUP. He managed to establish several branches of the NUP and to publish 5,000 copies of the party newspaper
266:
158:, surviving an assassination attempt during the latter. He is also a writer and accomplished composer, having authored several popular patriotic Armenian songs.
329:
277:
restored
Hayrikyan's citizenship and allowed him to return. Since then Hayrikyan has taken an active part in Armenian political life. As a candidate for
828:
190:, where he attended night classes while working as an electrician in a factory in Nubarashen. In 1967, he became a member of Armenia's underground
541:
234:
as a successor party to the NUP. The party's declared goal was the independence of
Armenia from the Soviet Union by means of national referendum.
301:. In 1995 he was re-elected to the Armenian Parliament as a leader of the UNSD faction. In the late 1990s Hayrikyan served as an Advisor to the
699:
186:. While he was still in secondary school in Nubarashen, Hayrikyan established the Union of Armenian Youth. In 1966 Hayrikyan was admitted to
677:
1132:
843:
187:
1152:
218:
referendum for
Armenia, which was following by new criminal charges against him. In 1984, Hayrikyan was sent into internal exile in
1161:
413:
231:
147:
90:
552:
377:
October 24 of 1987. The "Independence" weekly newspaper was the first alternative political periodical in the Soviet Union.
226:, where he remained until early 1987. He spent a total of about 18 years in Soviet prisons, including more than 300 days in
321:
278:
155:
151:
2045:
692:
2226:
2221:
1053:
1023:
771:
504:
1058:
797:
1125:
1089:
813:
782:
532:(in Armenian) Բեզոյան Զ., Պողոսյան Ա. Պարույր Հայրիկյանի որոնումների և մաքառումների 50 տարիները, Եր. 44 էջ, էջ 22
353:
191:
139:
83:
1018:
792:
586:
470:
1079:
838:
685:
707:
2231:
1645:
366:
1008:
848:
474:
293:, Hayrikyan took measures to ensure the efficient defense and organizing settlements of refugees in the
2206:
1790:
1118:
1043:
1013:
787:
1425:
1181:
1084:
972:
1176:
1063:
1380:
1235:
542:
Soviets Expel Armenian Dissident, Signaling Tough Policy on Unrest, New York Times, July 21, 1988
403:
2216:
2050:
1815:
647:
2070:
658:
1880:
1855:
1825:
1465:
1430:
1171:
1166:
2211:
2125:
1900:
1715:
1555:
1325:
1255:
1028:
833:
715:
358:
302:
286:(Tavush Province). These charges were subsequently judged to be true by an Armenian court.
227:
8:
2065:
2060:
2010:
1920:
1890:
1870:
1745:
1730:
1620:
1570:
1540:
1099:
167:
2180:
2170:
2150:
2130:
1910:
1780:
1660:
1475:
1445:
1435:
1345:
1280:
1220:
1197:
922:
872:
2155:
2100:
2080:
1970:
1895:
1810:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1640:
1530:
1450:
1440:
1365:
1330:
1320:
1305:
1295:
1141:
1038:
1033:
867:
409:
274:
135:
2175:
2160:
2120:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2000:
1990:
1915:
1800:
1710:
1700:
1665:
1630:
1595:
1470:
1455:
1375:
1350:
1265:
1260:
1230:
1048:
977:
917:
902:
882:
877:
564:
325:
298:
2145:
2090:
2085:
2055:
2035:
2005:
1995:
1965:
1960:
1930:
1885:
1875:
1850:
1820:
1805:
1770:
1760:
1680:
1655:
1600:
1560:
1480:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1360:
1310:
1215:
1210:
992:
987:
982:
927:
823:
808:
636:
370:
199:
194:(NUP). As a member of the NUP, Hayrikyan founded a new youth organization called
1240:
2135:
2040:
1940:
1935:
1865:
1860:
1785:
1705:
1695:
1685:
1670:
1615:
1580:
1550:
1525:
1520:
1460:
1420:
1340:
1300:
1290:
1275:
1225:
967:
947:
912:
892:
887:
760:
729:
333:
250:
223:
1188:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
344:
2015 the book was translated into English and published in the United States.
178:
and immigrated to Soviet Armenia in 1946, while his mother Zaruhi was born in
2200:
2105:
2025:
1985:
1955:
1905:
1840:
1775:
1725:
1675:
1625:
1610:
1605:
1590:
1545:
1535:
1510:
1505:
1490:
1485:
1395:
1385:
1285:
1270:
957:
942:
907:
734:
553:
Armenian Calls Dispute Political, Not Ethnic, New York Times, August 14, 1988
294:
262:
150:, the successor party to the NUP, and took part in presidential elections in
269:. In 1990, following pressure from a group of United States senators led by
2185:
2165:
2115:
1980:
1945:
1925:
1835:
1755:
1720:
1565:
1515:
1250:
1245:
143:
73:
69:
1690:
1635:
512:
2140:
1975:
1845:
1765:
1650:
1585:
1390:
1370:
1335:
1315:
1192:
258:
183:
245:
In 1988, Hayrikyan was stripped of his Soviet citizenship and exiled to
237:
2095:
2075:
1830:
1795:
1410:
1355:
962:
612:
362:
254:
61:
369:, and others). On November 22, 1974, after the Hayrikyan's new trial,
2110:
1575:
306:
283:
179:
1110:
637:
On a Quest of the Light, Paruyr Hayrikyan, Xlibris Corporation, 2015
30:
1950:
1500:
952:
897:
765:
448:, songs and poems, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, Yerevan, 1997 (in Armenian)
270:
246:
211:
175:
1094:
740:
710:
312:
219:
171:
131:
65:
389:
Paruyr Hayrikyan signing his books during a presentation in 2016
385:
249:
after his accusations that the Soviet leadership instigated the
777:
648:Хейфец М. Р. Военнопленный секретарь. - 296 с. : 12 л. ил.
332:, but his appearance among the demonstrators in Yerevan with a
230:. In fall 1987, Hayrikyan returned to Yerevan and founded the
937:
290:
1157:
Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR
672:
430:, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, Yerevan, 2004, 160 p. (in Armenian)
424:, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, Yerevan, 2013, 44 p. (in Armenian)
203:
112:
320:
On 31 January 2013, he was shot and wounded during his
587:"Վարդան Սեդրակյանը դատապարտվել է 14 տարվա ազատազրկման"
198:("Lightning"). After NUP founders Haykaz Khachatryan,
309:(Chairman of the Human Rights Committee) of Armenia.
261:
Hayrikyan applied for and was granted asylum by the
142:(NUP), which sought Armenia's independence from the
442:, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, Yerevan, 1997 (in Armenian)
829:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
436:, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, Yerevan, 2004 (in Armenian)
408:, by Paruyr Hayrikyan, US, Xlibris, 2015, 192 p.
2198:
565:"Armenia presidential candidate shot in Yerevan"
613:"Armenia: Evaluating Electric Yerevan's Impact"
1126:
693:
324:. The assassination attempt was organized by
373:signed an Open letter supporting Hayrikyan.
202:and Shahen Harutyunyan were arrested by the
339:Hayrikyan wrote the autobiographical novel
174:, in 1949. His father Arshavir was born in
138:. He was an early member and leader of the
1133:
1119:
844:Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
700:
686:
336:flag was met with whistles and criticism.
289:Since 1992, as an appointed Commandant of
1153:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
610:
440:Ankakhutʻyan chanaparhi erekʻ vaveragrer
384:
311:
236:
347:
2199:
434:Havatov ev sirov: filmashar 4 filmitsʻ
1162:Committee on Human Rights in the USSR
1140:
1114:
681:
305:, and from 1998 to 2003 he worked as
232:Union for National Self-Determination
148:Union for National Self-Determination
91:Union for National Self-Determination
499:
497:
495:
493:
611:Grigoryan, Marianna (7 July 2015).
279:1991 Armenian presidential election
170:(formerly Sovetashen), a suburb of
13:
422:Depi batsʻardzak joghovrdavarutyun
14:
2243:
1054:Turkish consulate attack in Paris
772:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
766:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
666:
505:"USD President: Paruyr Hayrikyan"
490:
16:Armenian politician and dissident
798:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
709:
471:Traditional Armenian orthography
380:
29:
1090:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
652:
641:
1059:Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
1019:Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
820:Defunct militant organizations
793:Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
630:
604:
579:
557:
546:
535:
526:
464:
322:bid for the presidency in 2013
1:
839:New Armenian Resistance Group
477:: Պարույր Արշավիրի Հայրիկյան.
473:: Պարոյր Արշաւիրի Հայրիկեան;
452:
188:Yerevan Polytechnic Institute
166:Paruyr Hayrikyan was born in
1024:Yıldız assassination attempt
484:
182:to a family originally from
161:
7:
1080:Provisional Republic of Van
1009:Armenian national awakening
849:Armenian Revolutionary Army
788:National Revival of Artsakh
10:
2248:
1044:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
1014:Armenian national movement
253:of Armenian population in
130:(born July 5, 1949) is an
128:Paruyr Arshaviri Hayrikyan
1206:
1182:Lithuanian Helsinki Group
1148:
1085:First Republic of Armenia
1072:
1001:
857:
750:
722:
593:(in Armenian). 2013-09-23
121:
107:
99:
79:
45:
40:
28:
21:
2227:Armenian anti-communists
2222:Politicians from Yerevan
1177:Ukrainian Helsinki Group
1064:1983 Orly Airport attack
934:Militants and commanders
757:Active political parties
457:
397:
330:anti-government protests
316:Paruyr Hayrikyan in 2011
267:Armenian Supreme Council
241:Paruyr Hayrikyan in 1990
1381:Alexander Esenin-Volpin
1236:Anton Antonov-Ovseyenko
405:On a Quest of the Light
341:On a Quest of the Light
2051:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
1816:Valeriya Novodvorskaya
659:Sakharov, Bibliography
567:. BBC. 31 January 2013
390:
317:
242:
134:politician and former
1881:Alexander Piatigorsky
1856:Konstantin Paustovsky
1826:Alexander Ogorodnikov
1466:Natalya Gorbanevskaya
1431:Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev
1172:Moscow Helsinki Group
1167:Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund
814:National United Party
783:National Agenda Party
388:
354:National United Party
315:
240:
192:National United Party
140:National United Party
84:National United Party
2126:Andrei Tverdokhlebov
1901:Vladimir Pribylovsky
1716:Michail J. Makarenko
1556:Vitaliy Kalynychenko
1326:Viacheslav Chornovil
1029:Battle of Sardarabad
834:Army of Independence
716:Armenian nationalism
475:Reformed orthography
359:Viacheslav Chornovil
348:Political activities
303:President of Armenia
228:solitary confinement
103:Politician, composer
2232:Armenian dissidents
2071:Aleksandras Štromas
2066:Vladimir Strelnikov
2061:Galina Starovoytova
2011:Alexander Shatravka
1921:Irina Ratushinskaya
1891:Alexandr Podrabinek
1871:Yekaterina Peshkova
1746:Myroslav Marynovych
1731:Nadezhda Mandelstam
1621:Zoya Krakhmalnikova
1571:Ephraim Kholmyansky
1541:Sofiya Kalistratova
1100:Republic of Artsakh
1095:Republic of Armenia
2181:Alexander Zinoviev
2171:Venedikt Yerofeyev
2151:Vladimir Voinovich
2131:Tatyana Velikanova
1911:Anatoly Pristavkin
1781:Yosef Mendelevitch
1661:Mikhail Leontovich
1476:Sergei Grigoryants
1446:Alexander Ginzburg
1436:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1346:Andrey Derevyankin
1281:Alexander Bolonkin
1221:Lyudmila Alexeyeva
1073:Political entities
923:Rafayel Ishkhanian
873:Mikayel Nalbandian
391:
318:
243:
2207:Soviet dissidents
2194:
2193:
2156:Michael Voslenski
2101:Alexander Tarasov
2081:Nadiya Svitlychna
1971:Shmuel Schneurson
1896:Grigory Pomerants
1811:Alexander Nekrich
1751:Grigorii Maksimov
1741:Valeriy Marchenko
1736:Anatoly Marchenko
1641:Anatoly Kuznetsov
1531:Boris Kagarlitsky
1451:Yevgenia Ginzburg
1441:Vladimir Gershuni
1366:Mustafa Dzhemilev
1331:Lydia Chukovskaya
1321:Boris Chichibabin
1306:Vladimir Bukovsky
1296:Vladimir Bougrine
1142:Soviet dissidents
1108:
1107:
1039:Karabakh movement
1034:February Uprising
868:Khachatur Abovian
428:Luysi chanaparhin
414:978-1-5144-1787-4
275:Mikhail Gorbachev
125:
124:
95:
88:
35:Hayrikyan in 2016
2239:
2176:Yevgeny Zamyatin
2161:Anatoly Yakobson
2121:Valentin Turchin
2031:Andrei Sinyavsky
2021:Yurii Shukhevych
2016:Vladimir Shelkov
2001:Avital Sharansky
1991:Igor Shafarevich
1916:Boris Pustyntsev
1801:Viktor Nekipelov
1711:Kronid Lyubarsky
1701:Levko Lukyanenko
1666:Alexander Lerner
1646:Eduard Kuznetsov
1631:Yuri Kublanovsky
1596:Anatoly Koryagin
1496:Paruyr Hayrikyan
1471:Pyotr Grigorenko
1456:Anatoly Gladilin
1426:Alexander Galich
1376:Abulfaz Elchibey
1351:David Devdariani
1266:Nikolai Berdyaev
1261:Arkadiy Belinkov
1231:Chabua Amirejibi
1135:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1049:Khojaly massacre
978:Movses Gorgisyan
918:Silva Kaputikyan
903:Avetis Aharonian
883:Mkrtich Khrimian
714:
713:
702:
695:
688:
679:
678:
661:
656:
650:
645:
639:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
608:
602:
601:
599:
598:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
561:
555:
550:
544:
539:
533:
530:
524:
523:
521:
520:
511:. Archived from
501:
478:
468:
446:Ev ayspes tsʻmah
367:Eduard Kuznetsov
326:Vardan Sedrakyan
136:Soviet dissident
117:
114:
93:
86:
59:
55:
53:
41:Personal details
33:
23:Paruyr Hayrikyan
19:
18:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2146:Georgi Vladimov
2091:Vasyl Symonenko
2086:Ivan Svitlichny
2056:Pitirim Sorokin
2046:Sergei Soldatov
2036:Vladimir Slepak
2006:Natan Sharansky
1996:Varlam Shalamov
1966:Dmitri Savitski
1961:Andrei Sakharov
1931:Arseny Roginsky
1886:Leonid Plyushch
1876:Viktoras Petkus
1851:Boris Pasternak
1821:Vasile Odobescu
1806:Viktor Nekrasov
1771:Mykhailo Melnyk
1761:Zhores Medvedev
1681:Veniamin Levich
1656:Alexander Lavut
1601:Nahum Korzhavin
1561:Dina Kaminskaya
1481:Vasily Grossman
1416:Balys Gajauskas
1406:Moysey Fishbein
1401:Viktor Fainberg
1361:Yuri Druzhnikov
1311:Valery Chalidze
1256:Vasile Bătrânac
1216:Vasily Aksyonov
1211:Mikhail Agursky
1202:
1144:
1139:
1109:
1104:
1068:
997:
993:Jirair Sefilian
988:Vazgen Sargsyan
983:Monte Melkonian
928:Monte Melkonian
853:
824:Armenian fedayi
809:Armenakan Party
805:Defunct parties
746:
718:
708:
706:
669:
664:
657:
653:
646:
642:
635:
631:
621:
619:
609:
605:
596:
594:
585:
584:
580:
570:
568:
563:
562:
558:
551:
547:
540:
536:
531:
527:
518:
516:
503:
502:
491:
487:
482:
481:
469:
465:
460:
455:
400:
383:
371:Andrei Sakharov
350:
251:Sumgait pogroms
200:Stepan Zatikyan
164:
111:
89:
80:Political party
60:
57:
51:
49:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:Tomas Venclova
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2041:Victor Sokolov
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Mykola Rudenko
1938:
1936:Maria Rozanova
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Zianon Pazniak
1863:
1861:Gleb Pavlovsky
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Andrei Mironov
1788:
1786:Vazif Meylanov
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Nikolay Lossky
1703:
1698:
1696:Pavel Litvinov
1693:
1688:
1686:Eduard Limonov
1683:
1678:
1673:
1671:Yaroslav Lesiv
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1616:Sergei Kovalev
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1581:Nikolai Klyuev
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Iryna Kalynets
1548:
1543:
1538:
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673:Official site
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58:(age 75)
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32:
27:
20:
2186:Yosyf Zisels
2166:Gleb Yakunin
2116:Lev Timofeev
1981:Victor Serge
1946:Yuly Rybakov
1926:Eliyahu Rips
1836:Raisa Orlova
1756:Roy Medvedev
1721:Vasyl Makukh
1566:Ivan Kandyba
1516:Bohdan Horyn
1495:
1251:Anna Barkova
1246:Mykola Bakay
1241:Gunārs Astra
739:
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620:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
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517:. Retrieved
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144:Soviet Union
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74:Soviet Union
70:Armenian SSR
2212:1949 births
2141:Georgi Vins
1976:Iryna Senyk
1846:Lagle Parek
1766:Naum Meiman
1651:Malva Landa
1586:Lev Kopelev
1391:Efim Etkind
1371:Ivan Dziuba
1336:Yuli Daniel
1316:Lev Chernyi
1193:Helsinki-86
617:Eurasia.net
259:Addis Ababa
87:(1966–1987)
56:5 July 1949
2201:Categories
2096:Les Tanyuk
2076:Vasyl Stus
1831:Yuri Orlov
1796:Ion Moraru
1411:Ilya Gabay
1356:Ivan Drach
963:Armen Garo
768:(Ramgavar)
597:2021-08-24
571:31 January
519:2022-07-07
453:References
363:Vasyl Stus
255:Azerbaijan
168:Nubarashen
100:Occupation
62:Nubarashen
52:1949-07-05
2111:Enn Tarto
1691:Jüri Lina
1636:Jüri Kukk
1576:Yuliy Kim
800:(Hunchak)
774:(Dashnak)
485:Citations
307:ombudsman
284:Paravakar
180:Krasnodar
162:Biography
113:hayrikyan
1951:Ain Saar
1501:Ivan Hel
1198:Memorial
953:Andranik
898:Siamanto
864:Thinkers
723:Ideology
591:CIVILNET
271:Bob Dole
247:Ethiopia
212:Mordovia
132:Armenian
1002:History
741:Miatsum
299:Artsakh
222:in the
220:Ust-Kut
208:Erkounk
172:Yerevan
108:Website
94:(1987–)
66:Yerevan
858:People
778:Hosank
622:9 July
412:
295:Syunik
938:Arabo
878:Raffi
458:Notes
398:Books
291:Goris
257:. In
196:Shant
624:2015
573:2013
410:ISBN
352:The
297:and
156:2013
154:and
152:1991
115:.com
46:Born
204:KGB
184:Van
2203::
1155::
615:.
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507:.
492:^
365:,
361:,
273:,
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54:)
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522:.
50:(
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