117:
790:
The leaves have a narrow base connecting to the 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long petioles. They have regularly spaced teeth along the margin that are rounded and bearing glands, and a few specimens from the McAbee site also have distinct laminal lobes bracketing the petiole. The leaves have an
786:
of the twig and leaf, as are the pointed buds. Typically the axillary buds are around 8 mm (0.31 in) long by 1.8 mm (0.071 in) while the terminal buds are larger at 1 cm (0.39 in) long by 5 mm (0.20 in). Encircling the twig are between five and eight distinct
763:
scars encircling the connection with the pedicel is, but are widest near the fruit apex. Between four and six 1.9–2.9 mm (0.075–0.114 in) long persistent styles are arranged just below the midpoint of the capsules and curving upwards towards the capsule apex. At the base of each style are
758:
which curve upwards towards the raceme apex in a helical pattern and the longest preserved raceme has 33 attached fruits, though the 10 cm (3.9 in) specimen is missing both basal and apical sections. Given the length of the racemes, they likely hung down like a pendulum, with the fruits
753:
that taper from a 3 mm (0.12 in) wide base down to a tip under 1 mm (0.039 in) wide, with lengths of up to and over 17 cm (6.7 in). Fruit capsules are born on 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in)
759:
pointing downwards. Each of the smooth teardrop shaped fruits is between 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide by 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) tall. They have a slight thickening in the basal area where a ring of
795:
the leaves have a pinnate vein structure, with between eight and fifteen secondary veins that fork from the central main vein and arch towards the leaf apex before merging with the secondary above.
681:
is one of between three and four trochodendraceae species that have been described from the
Klondike Mountain Formation. Broadly circumscribed three other species have been identified at Republic,
874:
428:
Often plant fossils are isolated parts such as leaves or seeds, which makes it difficult to identify relationships to other isolated parts. Such fossils from the same species are described as
310:
deposits of northern
Washington state, United States, and southern British Columbia, Canada. The species was initially described as a member of the related extinct genus
405:
as specimen UWBM PB 101336. One of the paratypes, specimen USNM 537360 is the earliest collected specimen, being recovered in 1901 by then
Washington State Geologist
444:
attached to branchlet that also has leaves and terminal buds connected, allowing for a fuller plant description than is usually possible. The description of
354:, British Columbia. The Klondike Mountain Formation and McAbee Fossil sites preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being
362:
in nature. The plant community preserved in the
Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest with large pollen elements of
513:
818:"Regional and local vegetation community dynamics of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia – Washington State) from palynology"
1034:
791:
overall range between 10.2–12.5 cm (4.0–4.9 in) long by 3.1–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in), with an obovate outline. Like
733:. If fossils of the fruits and foliage in attachment are found, that would bring the species count down to three whole plant taxa.
1039:
1049:
1029:
1044:
448:
trochodendraceous fossils from
Wyoming and a phylogenetic analysis of two living and four extinct genera indicated that
983:"Morphology, anatomy, phylogenetics and distribution of fossil and extant Trochodendraceae in the Northern Hemisphere"
1059:
1024:
783:
779:
116:
1054:
710:
351:
339:
1019:
683:
592:
436:" fossils are rare cases of multiple portions of a fossil preserved in connection. The holotype of
399:
701:
689:
544:
228:
832:
695:
343:
417:
being published in 2018, 117 years after the Landis specimen was found. The specific name
8:
875:"Newly recognized diversity in Trochodendraceae from the Eocene of western North America"
817:
769:
836:
772:
splits which run from just above the styles to the fruit apex where they join together.
894:
706:
347:
257:
111:
768:. The fruits opened at the apex, with a four to six rayed star pattern formed by the
898:
994:
958:
925:
886:
840:
755:
475:
293:
187:
177:
999:
982:
289:
154:
335:
is known from specimens which were recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene,
873:
Manchester, S.; Pigg, K. B.; KvaÄŤek, Z; DeVore, M. L.; Dillhoff, R. M. (2018).
742:
441:
141:
1013:
912:
Wolfe, J. A.; Tanai, T. (1987). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and
Distribution of
489:
433:
312:
63:
947:"Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington"
398:
was originally collected by Dwyane Day 1999 and subsequently donated to the
609:
406:
402:
367:
355:
429:
422:
359:
38:
282:
83:
48:
930:
765:
445:
383:
88:
844:
456:
inflorescences, which are distinct from the erect inflorescences of
890:
760:
395:
379:
336:
167:
78:
73:
58:
53:
43:
32:
963:
946:
93:
68:
750:
375:
307:
303:
363:
285:
128:
440:
has been described as a
Rosetta Stone fossil as it bears an
409:. Study of the fossil by paleobotanists Steven Manchester
872:
371:
816:
Moss, P. T.; Greenwood, D. R.; Archibald, S. B. (2005).
358:, however further study has shown the floras to be more
452:
was not monophyletic. Based on the pendulous nature of
918:
Journal of the
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
815:
905:
980:
916:(maples) in the Cenozoic of Western North America".
327:
981:Manchester, S. R.; KvaÄŤek, Z.; Judd, W. S. (2020).
938:
705:is known from related Kamloops group shales at the
1011:
778:twigs have alternating leaves with terminal and
944:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
976:
974:
851:
764:swollen elliptical bulges that likely were
911:
811:
809:
807:
320:, but subsequently moved to the new genus
998:
962:
929:
389:
987:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
971:
951:United States Geological Survey Bulletin
879:International Journal of Plant Sciences
804:
1012:
306:fruits and leaves found in the early
920:. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy.
370:, but also having notable traces of
207:Manchester, KvaÄŤek, & Judd, 2020
425:for his enthusiasm and generosity.
13:
825:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
421:was chosen as a patronym honoring
14:
1071:
782:buds. The raceme is born from a
328:Distribution and paleoenvironment
1035:Ypresian plants of North America
945:Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987).
713:, British Columbia. Manchester
324:in 2020 after additional study.
115:
36:
413:resulted in the description of
1040:Extinct flora of North America
736:
1:
1050:Prehistoric angiosperm genera
1030:Fossil taxa described in 2020
798:
699:. Additionally the species
296:comprises a single species,
7:
1045:Klondike Mountain Formation
340:Klondike Mountain Formation
302:. The genus is known from
10:
1076:
1000:10.1093/botlinnean/boaa046
400:University of Washington's
729:are likely the fruits of
721:is likely the fruits of
606:
589:
582:
565:
558:
541:
534:
527:
510:
503:
486:
479:
263:
256:
234:
227:
112:Scientific classification
110:
23:
1060:Monotypic eudicot genera
1025:Plants described in 2020
747:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
684:Pentacentron sternhartae
679:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
593:Pentacentron sternhartae
569:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
333:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
299:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
241:Paraconcavistylon wehrii
702:Trochodendron drachukii
690:Tetracentron hopkinsii
545:Concavistylon kvacekii
415:"Concavistylon" wehrii
390:Taxonomy and phylogeny
318:"Concavistylon" wehrii
16:Extinct genus of plant
514:Eotrochion polystylum
468:as the type species.
1055:Tranquille Formation
787:terminal bud scars.
696:Trochodendron nastae
267:Concavistylon wehrii
837:2005CaJES..42..187M
707:McAbee Fossil Beds
348:McAbee Fossil Beds
717:2018B noted that
675:
674:
666:
665:
657:
656:
648:
647:
639:
638:
630:
629:
621:
620:
464:was erected with
462:Paraconcavistylon
438:Paraconcavistylon
423:Wesley "Wes" Wehr
322:Paraconcavistylon
278:Paraconcavistylon
274:
273:
208:
202:Paraconcavistylon
25:Paraconcavistylon
1067:
1005:
1004:
1002:
978:
969:
968:
966:
942:
936:
935:
933:
909:
903:
902:
870:
849:
848:
822:
813:
585:
584:
561:
560:
537:
536:
530:
529:
506:
505:
482:
481:
476:Trochodendraceae
472:
471:
460:, the new genus
294:Trochodendraceae
243:
239:
206:
199:
188:Trochodendraceae
120:
119:
105:
35:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1020:Trochodendrales
1010:
1009:
1008:
979:
972:
943:
939:
910:
906:
871:
852:
845:10.1139/E04-095
820:
814:
805:
801:
743:fruiting bodies
739:
727:Pe. sternhartae
676:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
392:
330:
290:flowering plant
252:
245:
237:
236:
223:
205:
197:
178:Trochodendrales
114:
106:
104:
103:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1007:
1006:
993:(3): 467–484.
970:
937:
904:
891:10.1086/699282
885:(8): 663–676.
850:
831:(2): 187–204.
802:
800:
797:
738:
735:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
642:
641:
637:
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633:
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628:
627:
624:
623:
619:
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615:
614:
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601:
598:
597:
588:
583:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
564:
559:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
540:
535:
533:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
509:
504:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
485:
480:
478:
470:
442:infructescence
391:
388:
329:
326:
292:in the family
272:
271:
270:
269:
261:
260:
254:
253:
246:
232:
231:
225:
224:
220:P. wehrii
216:
214:
210:
209:
195:
191:
190:
185:
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165:
158:
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108:
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99:
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72:
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62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
975:
965:
964:10.3133/b1597
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
900:
896:
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888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
812:
810:
808:
803:
796:
794:
793:Trochodendron
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
771:
767:
762:
757:
752:
748:
744:
734:
732:
731:Te. hopkinsii
728:
724:
720:
719:Tr. drachukii
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:
698:
697:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
671:
670:
662:
661:
653:
652:
644:
643:
635:
634:
626:
625:
617:
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613:
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611:
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570:
563:
562:
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551:
548:
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539:
538:
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531:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
515:
508:
507:
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
491:
490:Trochodendron
484:
483:
477:
474:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Concavistylon
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Rosetta Stone
431:
430:morphospecies
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
325:
323:
319:
315:
314:
313:Concavistylon
309:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:
268:
265:
264:
262:
259:
255:
250:
244:
242:
233:
230:
229:Binomial name
226:
222:
221:
215:
212:
211:
204:
203:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:Tracheophytes
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
113:
109:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
34:
26:
22:
19:
990:
986:
954:
950:
940:
924:(1): 1–246.
921:
917:
913:
907:
882:
878:
828:
824:
792:
789:
775:
774:
746:
740:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
700:
694:
688:
682:
678:
677:
610:Tetracentron
608:
607:
591:
590:
568:
567:
566:
543:
542:
512:
511:
488:
487:
466:"C." wehrii
465:
461:
457:
454:"C." wehrii
453:
449:
437:
427:
418:
414:
410:
407:Harry Landis
403:Burke Museum
393:
368:golden larch
356:microthermal
332:
331:
321:
317:
311:
298:
297:
277:
276:
275:
266:
248:
247:(Manchester
240:
235:
219:
218:
201:
200:
161:
148:
135:
24:
18:
749:are simple
737:Description
711:Cache Creek
458:C. kvacekii
360:mesothermal
352:Cache Creek
346:and coeval
155:Angiosperms
1014:Categories
931:2115/36747
799:References
770:dehiscence
723:Tr. nastae
776:P. wehrii
766:nectaries
446:Paleocene
213:Species:
125:Kingdom:
957:: 1–25.
899:92201595
780:axillary
761:perianth
756:pedicels
725:, while
396:holotype
344:Republic
337:Ypresian
258:Synonyms
184:Family:
168:Eudicots
33:Ypresian
833:Bibcode
751:racemes
380:cypress
283:extinct
251:, 2018)
238:†
217:†
194:Genus:
174:Order:
129:Plantae
100:↓
897:
715:et al.
693:, and
419:wehrii
382:, and
376:spruce
308:Eocene
304:fossil
281:is an
249:et al.
895:S2CID
821:(PDF)
709:near
411:et al
364:birch
350:near
286:genus
162:Clade
149:Clade
136:Clade
955:1597
914:Acer
784:fork
741:The
394:The
384:palm
366:and
39:Preęž’
995:doi
991:195
959:doi
926:hdl
887:doi
883:179
841:doi
745:of
432:. "
372:fir
342:in
316:as
288:of
1016::
989:.
985:.
973:^
953:.
949:.
922:22
893:.
881:.
877:.
853:^
839:.
829:42
827:.
823:.
806:^
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386:.
378:,
374:,
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997::
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961::
934:.
928::
901:.
889::
847:.
843::
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198:â€
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