33:
1300:
674:
994:
1708:
1696:
530:
The larger part of Great
Britain's ant species are, however, considerably more specialised in their requirements. Most independent species are found on undisturbed heathland in the south – probably as a direct result of its superior summer soil temperatures – and six are entirely dependent on other
1348:, this mainly mediterranean species is scarce further north in Europe, living under stones in open xerothermic sites. Identified and published from a single locality in coastal South East England in 2010, it is now (2016) recorded from a scatter of coastal sites from Cornwall to Suffolk.
847:, yellow meadow ant – A very common yellow ant. It builds large earthen mounds that last many years in undisturbed grassland. It can also be found nesting under stones and in garden lawns. It lives mostly underground and is not often seen on the surface.
487:
species in any area is largely determined by the highest summer soil temperature, and this being so, it is not surprising that the greatest concentration of different species is centred in the warmer parts of the country –
575:, which are still a common sight in many older forests and broken woodland up and down the country. A few other smaller, less easily spotted species also make their livings in conjunction with more wooded areas.
883:– A yellow subterranean ant nesting deep in the ground among shrub roots and under deep boulders, but occasionally also constructs mounds of fine loose soil. Fertilised queens start colonies through adoption by
527:, colonising a great variety of different habitats (often including those directly resultant from human activities). These species are very common in most places, and have ranges that cover most of the nation.
618:
Waist with a single segment called the petiole. Gaster with four segments visible from above in females (workers and queens). Sting absent. Anal aperture flattened with a hairless horizontal slit.
375:
855:, jet black ant – Large shiny black ant with heart shaped head. It nests in tree stumps and hedgerows and has a patchy distribution. Fertilised queens start colonies through adoption by
670:
Waist with a single segment called the petiole. Gaster with five segments visible from above in females (workers and queens). Sting absent. Anal aperture pointed and fringed with hairs.
405:
385:
585:
can be found, locality permitting, under stones/logs and beneath loose bark respectively, in established woods. The former habitat is also shared by the rather locally distributed
389:
394:
399:
380:
538:
afforded by parkland / partially wooded heath and larger traditional style gardens are also inhabited by a number of otherwise more heathland-pigeonholed species, such as
703:, northern wood ant – A wood ant building tall, conical, thatched mound nests. Found in the highlands of Scotland with a few records from Ireland. Not found in England.
1496:
151:
1320:
1541:
196:
1221:
534:
Many of the lesser seen species are at the northern extent of their range in
Britain, and for this reason are confined to the south. The variously differing
1296:
The petiole is a thickened node and there is often a constriction between the first and second gastral segments. Workers and queens have functional stings.
767:, black bog ant – Rare shiny black ant. Nests in tussocks in marshy ground in the New Forest, Dorset and in Glamorganshire, South Wales. Formerly known as
450:
1332:
951:– A yellow subterranean ant nesting under boulders, in tree stumps and at the base of old trees. Fertilised queens start colonies through adoption by
1340:
811:, blood-red slave-maker ant – Redder than the other Formica species. Faculative dulote. It makes slaves of other formicine species, most usually of
1551:
1429:
903:* invasive garden ant – A small brown ant that forms super colonies in parks and gardens. First found in Gloucestershire in 2009. Likely to spread.
206:
1653:
1097:
839:– A small bi-coloured continental species previously found in the Channel Isles but not the mainland. A colony was discovered in London in 2008.
1733:
783:– A wood ant probably now extinct in England. Last seen in Dorset in the late 1980s. Still found on the Channel Islands in Jersey and Guernsey.
1658:
1574:
1516:
229:
171:
109:
104:
1673:
1546:
201:
32:
1738:
416:
1526:
325:
181:
1521:
911:, black garden ant – Common in towns nesting under paving stones and in gardens, it also constructs mounds of loose soil in fields.
176:
1459:
443:
81:
1021:* a southern european species that nests in trees, may be imported with cork and has recently been discovered in some buildings.
608:
published in 1996, though there have been some additions and corrections. Introduced species are marked with an asterisk (*).
1597:
1531:
923:
from which it was recently split but nests in cooler damper places. Does not work the earth but typically nests in dead wood.
252:
186:
86:
831:, brown tree ant – A small fugitive bi-coloured ant nesting in trees, especially old oak trees. Found in woods and parkland.
1511:
1422:
166:
1617:
330:
280:
1161:– A rather local red ant. Nests occur in coastal sand, gravel banks and post industrial sites. Sometimes referred to as
1728:
436:
363:
1637:
1482:
1395:
1358:
295:
136:
1632:
1506:
1065:, woodlouse ant – So called because it tends to roll into a ball when disturbed. A dark and slow moving ant. Local.
711:– A large ant often with some reddish parts quite common in parts of southern England. Nests in small earth mounds.
335:
290:
161:
719:– A large ant with a deeply excised head found in Devon and highlands of Scotland. Nests in small thatched mounds.
1415:
1213:– A small and easily overlooked species nesting in woods under stones and in found leaf litter. More common than
871:– A yellow subterranean ant found in lowland sandy heaths. Fertilised queens start colonies through adoption by
1622:
1556:
1536:
1363:
799:– A large rare ant found in a small number of sites in southern England and the Scilly Isles. Looks similar to
305:
211:
191:
1627:
1501:
1385:
531:
species during their mature life (i.e. not simply to found colonies, a requirement of many further species).
285:
156:
68:
635:, erratic ant – A small black ant found in southern Britain nesting in heathland. Notable for its solaria.
1668:
63:
1686:
1592:
1233:
1197:
thief ant – It has very small yellow workers and nests deep in the ground. It is often associated with
247:
1141:, elbowed red ant – A common red ant with variable habits. Often found associated with the meadow ant
1017:
524:
1743:
1312:
975:
1249:
655:
508:
being the 5 richest counties, with 33, 31, 29, 27 and 26 different species present respectively.
345:
990:
Waist with two segments, the petiole and post-petiole. Stings usually present in female castes.
1663:
1438:
1241:
1025:
320:
44:
1281:
1265:
1257:
1061:
1037:
967:
340:
1299:
1185:
1053:
791:, red or southern wood ant – A large ant. It builds large thatched mounds in open woodland.
8:
1137:
927:
867:
707:
639:
643:– A small black ant found in southern Britain nesting in heathland. Previously known as
598:
1169:
1157:
1105:
1081:
915:
851:
835:
795:
468:
1454:
1391:
1121:
843:
807:
779:
699:
75:
1449:
1193:
1149:
1129:
939:
907:
899:
743:
315:
57:
1209:
1177:
1117:, red ant – A common lowland species most abundant in alluvial soils near rivers.
1069:
947:
827:
715:
1125:, red ant – A common species abundant in woodland where it nests in tree stumps.
1712:
1700:
1464:
819:
731:
692:
612:
93:
1336:– A primitive ant forming small colonies beneath stones. Found in warm places.
554:
1722:
1113:
879:
763:
723:
623:
557:. These include the well known wood ants, typified by the southerly inclined
519:
501:
476:
787:
589:, one of two unambiguously native British representatives of the subfamily
559:
513:
673:
1407:
1101:– A rare red ant recorded from Scotland nesting in soil and under stones.
1045:
751:
but with a more northerly distribution. Much more tolerant of shade than
631:
572:
993:
984:
687:
664:
1145:, but also common in woodland, coastal areas, riverbanks and moorland.
1316:* – A cosmopolitan species occasionally recorded away from buildings.
1290:
1245:– A small ant found in warm coastal areas nesting in cracks in rocks.
1005:
590:
493:
1707:
1133:– A red ant, locally common nesting in sun exposed sheltered sites.
577:
571:. These large, noticeable species abide in mounds constructed from
1173:– A dark red ant characteristic of well-drained heather moorland.
535:
1273:, This ant is an obligate workerless parasite found in nests of
1041:– A small ant nesting in tree stumps, under stones and in peat.
497:
489:
472:
1695:
1328:. A cosmopolitan species rarely recorded away from buildings.
1109:– Not common. It is found on lowland heath and open woodland.
739:, but hairier and found in more northerly and westerly areas.
505:
1382:
1225:– A small and easily overlooked species less common than
484:
480:
1029:– A guest ant. It nests in colonies of the much larger
935:
from which it was recently split. Found in sandy areas.
1684:
1229:with which it has, until recently, been confused.
1720:
1285:– Tends to be coastal and forms large colonies.
1217:with which it has until recently been confused.
759:, so often found in denser, commercial forests.
727:– A large black ant common in southern Britain.
604:The list largely follows Skinner & Allen's
583:Leptothorax acervorum and Temnothorax nylanderi
823:– A small black ant found in chalky grassland.
1423:
1237:– obligate dulote found only with Tetramorium
444:
1261:– A small ant found in leaf litter in woods.
1181:– A rare red ant found in warm boggy areas.
1437:
1430:
1416:
1383:Skinner, G. J. & Allen, G. W. (1996).
451:
437:
1298:
992:
672:
1654:Endangered species of the British Isles
1153:– This nocturnal red ant is not common.
1073:– A rare almost workerless parasite of
593:. The other is the recently discovered
1721:
1344:– Previously regarded as a variety of
1734:Lists of insects in the British Isles
1411:
606:Naturalists' Handbooks 24 : Ants
1659:Endemic species of the British Isles
471:. Compared with much of the rest of
1674:Birds of Leicestershire and Rutland
1390:. Slough, England : Richmond.
747:, hairy wood ant – Very similar to
511:A few species, best exemplified by
13:
14:
1755:
1739:Lists of insects of Great Britain
1359:List of ant genera (alphabetical)
611:
553:The remaining species are mostly
1706:
1694:
31:
1376:
1364:List of Hymenoptera of Ireland
1205:species, from which it steals.
1:
1542:Orthoptera and allied insects
1369:
983:
663:
465:list of ants of Great Britain
197:Orthoptera and allied insects
1289:
943:– A yellow subterranean ant.
483:. The size and diversity of
7:
1669:Flora and fauna of Cornwall
1522:Damselflies and dragonflies
1352:
1085:– A workerless parasite of
177:Damselflies and dragonflies
10:
1760:
1234:Strongylognathus testaceus
1729:Lists of ants by location
1646:
1610:
1583:
1565:
1497:Aquatic heteropteran bugs
1480:
1473:
1445:
1018:Crematogaster scutellaris
563:, and the more northerly
419:Vegetation Classification
152:Aquatic heteropteran bugs
26:Wildlife of Great Britain
1326:Hypoponera schauinslandi
1313:Hypoponera punctatissima
976:Paratrechina longicornis
919:– Looks very similar to
479:has a smaller number of
467:, including endemic and
331:North American landbirds
1552:Soldierflies and allies
1250:Temnothorax interruptus
656:Tapinoma melanocephalum
207:Soldierflies and allies
21:Part of a series on the
1439:Fauna of Great Britain
1386:Naturalists' Handbooks
1321:Hypoponera ergatandria
1307:
1269:– Previously known as
1253:– A small uncommon ant
1242:Temnothorax albipennis
1026:Formicoxenus nitidulus
1000:
773:Formica transkaucasica
682:
544:Lasius mixtus/umbratus
1324:* – Previously named
1302:
1282:Tetramorium caespitum
1275:Tetramorium caespitum
1266:Tetramorium atratulum
1258:Temnothorax nylanderi
1062:Myrmecina graminicola
1038:Leptothorax acervorum
1011:Tetramorium atratulum
996:
968:Paratrechina vividula
676:
1186:Pheidole megacephala
1054:Monomorium salomonis
1046:Monomorium pharaonis
647:and then briefly as
540:Formica fusca/lemani
1575:Non-marine molluscs
1271:Anergates atratulus
1222:Stenamma westwoodii
1215:Stenamma westwoodii
1163:Myrmica bessarabica
1138:Myrmica scabrinodis
1009:– Previous name of
1006:Anergates atratulus
928:Lasius psammophilus
868:Lasius meridionalis
771:and before that as
708:Formica cunicularia
677:Southern wood ant (
649:Tapinoma madeirense
640:Tapinoma subboreale
230:Non-marine molluscs
1460:Scottish Highlands
1308:
1170:Myrmica sulcinodis
1158:Myrmica specioides
1106:Myrmica lobicornis
1082:Myrmica karavajevi
1001:
931:– Very similar to
916:Lasius platythorax
852:Lasius fuliginosus
836:Lasius emarginatus
796:Formica rufibarbis
735:– Very similar to
683:
632:Tapinoma erraticum
624:Linepithema humile
469:introduced species
1682:
1681:
1606:
1605:
1122:Myrmica ruginodis
808:Formica sanguinea
780:Formica pratensis
700:Formica aquilonia
645:Tapinoma ambiguum
627:, Argentine ant *
597:, which inhabits
461:
460:
426:
425:
353:
352:
260:
259:
117:
116:
1751:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1478:
1477:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1380:
1333:Ponera coarctata
1304:Ponera coarctata
1194:Solenopsis fugax
1150:Myrmica schencki
1130:Myrmica sabuleti
1087:Myrmica sabuleti
1075:Myrmica sabuleti
940:Lasius sabularum
900:Lasius neglectus
744:Formica lugubris
587:Ponera coarctata
453:
446:
439:
417:British National
376:Ferns and allies
370:
369:
316:British avifauna
275:
274:
132:
131:
52:
51:
35:
18:
17:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1744:Ants by country
1719:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1642:
1602:
1579:
1561:
1469:
1441:
1436:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1355:
1341:Ponera testacea
1294:
1227:Stenamma debile
1210:Stenamma debile
1178:Myrmica vandeli
1070:Myrmica hirsuta
1049:, pharaoh ant *
988:
948:Lasius umbratus
828:Lasius brunneus
769:Formica candida
716:Formica exsecta
668:
616:
457:
428:
427:
418:
367:
366:
355:
354:
336:Feral parakeets
272:
271:
262:
261:
129:
128:
119:
118:
78:
69:Isles of Scilly
60:
49:
48:
12:
11:
5:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Birds of Wales
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1388:24 : Ants
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1329:
1317:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1154:
1146:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1094:
1091:M. scabrinodis
1078:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1022:
1014:
987:
982:
981:
980:
972:
964:
953:Lasius alienus
944:
936:
933:Lasius alienus
924:
912:
904:
896:
885:Lasius alienus
876:
873:Lasius alienus
864:
848:
840:
832:
824:
820:Lasius alienus
816:
804:
801:F. cunicularia
792:
784:
776:
760:
740:
732:Formica lemani
728:
720:
712:
704:
696:
693:carpenter ants
667:
662:
661:
660:
652:
636:
628:
615:
613:Dolichoderinae
610:
548:L. fuliginosus
459:
458:
456:
455:
448:
441:
433:
430:
429:
424:
423:
422:
421:
411:
410:
409:
408:
406:Monocotyledons
403:
397:
392:
383:
378:
368:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
310:
309:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
273:
269:
268:
267:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:
255:
250:
242:
241:
235:
234:
233:
232:
224:
223:
217:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
141:
140:
130:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
90:
89:
87:Outer Hebrides
84:
73:
72:
71:
66:
50:
42:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1756:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Conopid flies
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1474:Invertebrates
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1399:
1397:0-85546-305-8
1393:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:Lasius flavus
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:Lasius flavus
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:Myrmica rubra
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:Myrmica lonea
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:Myrmica rubra
995:
991:
986:
978:
977:
973:
970:
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
945:
942:
941:
937:
934:
930:
929:
925:
922:
918:
917:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
880:Lasius mixtus
877:
874:
870:
869:
865:
862:
858:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
844:Lasius flavus
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
813:Formica fusca
810:
809:
805:
802:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
765:
764:Formica picea
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
741:
738:
734:
733:
729:
726:
725:
724:Formica fusca
721:
718:
717:
713:
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697:
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629:
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584:
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566:
562:
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545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
526:
522:
521:
520:Myrmica rubra
516:
515:
509:
507:
503:
502:Isle of Wight
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
477:Great Britain
474:
470:
466:
454:
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365:
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173:
172:Conopid flies
170:
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160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
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142:
139:
138:
134:
133:
127:Invertebrates
123:
122:
111:
108:
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100:
95:
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53:
47:
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39:
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30:
29:
25:
24:
20:
19:
16:
1584:
1566:
1491:
1481:
1384:
1378:
1346:P. coarctata
1345:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1031:Formica rufa
1030:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1004:
997:
989:
974:
966:
960:
956:
952:
946:
938:
932:
926:
921:Lasius niger
920:
914:
908:Lasius niger
906:
898:
892:
888:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
856:
850:
842:
834:
826:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:Formica rufa
786:
778:
772:
768:
762:
757:F. aquilonia
756:
752:
748:
742:
736:
730:
722:
714:
706:
698:
686:
679:Formica rufa
678:
669:
654:
648:
644:
638:
630:
622:
617:
605:
603:
594:
586:
582:
576:
569:F. aquilonia
568:
564:
560:Formica rufa
558:
552:
547:
543:
539:
533:
529:
525:cosmopolitan
523:, are truly
518:
514:Lasius niger
512:
510:
464:
462:
386:Dicotyledons
304:
238:
220:
146:
135:
43:
15:
1611:Vertebrates
1585:Crustaceans
1547:Shield bugs
1512:Butterflies
961:L. brunneus
893:L. brunneus
861:L. umbratus
599:xerothermic
595:P. testacea
573:leaf litter
565:F. lugubris
390:Superrosids
326:Non-natives
270:Vertebrates
239:Crustaceans
202:Shield bugs
167:Butterflies
1723:Categories
1618:Amphibians
1527:Hoverflies
1370:References
985:Myrmicinae
688:Camponotus
665:Formicinae
463:This is a
395:Asteraceae
341:Bee-eaters
281:Amphibians
182:Hoverflies
1291:Ponerinae
857:L. mixtus
591:Ponerinae
581:species,
494:Hampshire
82:Highlands
1647:See also
1638:Reptiles
1598:Woodlice
1567:Molluscs
1532:Mayflies
1455:Scotland
1353:See also
957:L. niger
889:L. niger
737:F. fusca
578:Stenamma
536:biotopes
400:Rosaceae
381:Conifers
296:Reptiles
253:Woodlice
221:Molluscs
187:Mayflies
76:Scotland
64:Cornwall
1713:Biology
1701:Insects
1687:Portals
1633:Mammals
1507:Beetles
1483:Insects
1450:England
1203:Formica
753:F. rufa
749:F. rufa
601:sites.
291:Mammals
162:Beetles
137:Insects
110:Extinct
105:Endemic
58:England
1394:
963:nests.
895:nests.
555:sylvan
500:, the
498:Surrey
490:Dorset
473:Europe
346:Cranes
1623:Birds
1593:Crabs
1557:Wasps
1537:Moths
1465:Wales
691:sp.,
364:Flora
321:Wales
306:Birds
248:Crabs
212:Wasps
192:Moths
94:Wales
45:Fauna
1628:Fish
1502:Bees
1492:Ants
1392:ISBN
1306:male
1089:and
859:and
567:and
546:and
517:and
506:Kent
504:and
481:ants
286:Fish
157:Bees
147:Ants
1201:or
959:or
891:or
755:or
485:ant
1725::
955:,
887:,
550:.
542:,
496:,
492:,
475:,
1689::
1431:e
1424:t
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1013:.
979:*
971:*
875:.
863:.
815:.
803:.
775:.
695:*
681:)
659:*
651:.
452:e
445:t
438:v
402:)
388:(
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