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Thomas Martin, JesĂşs Marugán-LobĂłn, Romain Vullo, Hugo MartĂn-Abad, Zhe-Xi Luo & Angela D. Buscalioni, A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals, Nature 526, 380–384 (15 October 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14905 Received 05 March 2015 Accepted 13 July 2015 Published online
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On the other hand, being pricked by a porcupine quill is not dangerous, and the quills are not poisonous. The quill can be removed by gently but firmly pulling it out of the skin. The barbed tip sometimes breaks off, but it works its way out through the skin over time.
523:
In many cases, spines are a defense mechanism that help protect the animal against potential predators. Because spines are sharp, they can puncture skin and inflict pain and damage which may cause the predator to avoid that species from that point on.
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carry venom within their spines, a rule of thumb is to treat every injury as if it were a snake bite. Venom can cause intense pain, and can sometimes result in death if left untreated.
538:, because their spines warn predators that they are dangerous and potentially toxic. Porcupines rattle their quills as a warning to predators, much like rattlesnakes.
71:
531:. In the case of some large species of stingray, a puncture with the barbed spine and the accompanying venom has occasionally been fatal to humans.
380:. The primary function of these rigid spines are generally presumed to be defenisve against predator, but other proposed potential roles are as
627:
149:, had extremely long spines on its backbone that were joined together with a web of skin that formed a sail-like structure.
710:
589:
455:
Many species of arthropods also have spine-like protrusions on their bodies for defensive purposes. For example, the
50:
species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of
706:
pectoral fin spines provide evidence for distinctive spine function and lifestyle among early chondrichthyans"
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Tribes from around the world use porcupine quills as jewelry for their body modification i.e. through the nose
17:
806:
110:
734:
373:
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are essentially tiny detachable spines that can cause severe irritation upon contact. Those on the
282:), the fin spines (if any at all) are significantly shorter and each fin is instead dominated by a
32:
700:
FerrĂłn, Humberto G.; Ballell, Antonio; Botella, HĂ©ctor; MartĂnez-PĂ©rez, Carlos (2022-07-18).
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754:"Warning displays in spiny animals: One (more) evolutionary route to aposematism"
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Bracelets, earrings, and necklaces made from these spines are very common
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This article is about needle-like growths in animals. For backbone, see
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http://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/remove-porcupine-quills1.htm
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Conger, Cristen. "What's the best way to remove porcupine quills?".
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species form a sharp spine that can be used against predators. The
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already displayed spines similar to those of modern spiny mice.
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that employs the quills of porcupines as an aesthetic element
588:, a form of textile embellishment traditionally practiced by
528:
468:
330:
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are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both
758:
Evolution; International
Journal of Organic Evolution
541:
527:The spine of some animals are capable of injecting
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622:. Princeton University Press. pp. 668–669.
580:Some of the earliest pens were made from quills
511:spines in the male or female organs of certain
488:caterpillars are venomous and can cause lethal
259:-like fin made of spreading bony spines called
345:is also a type of barbed spine modified from
503:Spines are also found in internal organs in
751:
372:, have prominent bony spines in the front (
124:(hedgehog and streaked tenrecs), marsupial
534:Animals such as porcupines are considered
82:Spines in mammals include the prickles of
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745:
735:1983/8ecd422d-e133-43f8-ae51-f9909667d5b3
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562:Common uses for animal spines include:
263:or "rays" covered by thin stretches of
14:
818:
742:
152:Many mammalian species, like cats and
620:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals
752:Speed, M. P.; Ruxton, G. D. (2005).
437:of a number of different species of
590:Indigenous peoples of North America
445:mollusks, including the venus clam
425:Defensive spines are also found in
24:
771:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00963.x
711:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
643:Dufault, Danielle (July 9, 2018).
542:Treating injuries caused by spines
25:
837:
618:Macdonald, David W., ed. (2009).
546:Because many species of fish and
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101:, as well as the prickly fur of
645:"Fossa: the King of Madagascar"
376:) edges of all fins except the
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1:
725:10.1080/02724634.2021.2090260
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433:. They are a feature of the
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794:Dangerous Fish and Mollusks
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10:
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412:organ on a male parasitic
200:The short fin spines on a
75:The defensive spines on a
66:
26:
113:. They are also found on
86:, and among rodents, the
38:In a zoological context,
304:sarcopterygian ancestors
239:Spines are found in the
792:"Wilderness Survival".
329:, has prominent sharp,
270:In the other bony fish
176:
54:and a sharp, sometimes
809:. retrieved 2012-03-20
796:. retrieved 2012-03-20
422:
236:
220:
219:, with venomous spines
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33:Spine (disambiguation)
31:. For other uses, see
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335:anti-predator defense
302:, who descended from
292:appendicular skeleton
226:
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184:
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370:cartilaginous fishes
465:urticating bristles
394:subsurface currents
321:Some fish, such as
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209:
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80:
764:(12): 2499–2508.
702:"Biomechanics of
629:978-0-691-14069-8
596:Sometimes :
429:animals, such as
253:ray-finned fishes
107:spiny pocket mice
16:(Redirected from
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419:Lethacotyle vera
347:dermal denticles
286:("lobe") with a
280:lobe-finned fish
249:actinopterygians
206:lobe-finned fish
185:Pelvic fin of a
126:spiny bandicoots
29:Vertebral column
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247:, particularly
191:ray-finned fish
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408:Spines of the
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310:to the paired
284:muscular stalk
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120:of the family
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165:eutriconodont
163:The Mesozoic
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158:penile spines
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18:Lepidotrichia
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652:. Retrieved
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638:
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490:coagulopathy
483:
473:caterpillars
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427:invertebrate
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366:paraphyletic
362:ancient fish
354:acanthodians
351:
320:
269:
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255:), who have
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168:
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156:, also have
151:
144:
138:
81:
48:invertebrate
39:
37:
826:Animal hair
431:sea urchins
337:. The tail
333:spines for
316:pelvic fins
257:folding fan
245:bony fishes
170:Spinolestes
139:An ancient
115:afrotherian
673:|url=
605:References
558:Human uses
536:aposematic
509:copulatory
480:tarantulas
410:copulatory
384:to reduce
308:homologous
202:coelacanth
146:Dimetrodon
134:monotremes
122:Tenrecinae
111:spiny rats
103:spiny mice
99:porcupines
62:Occurrence
44:vertebrate
654:April 14,
586:Quillwork
513:flatworms
494:hemolysis
477:New World
439:gastropod
390:holdfasts
382:cutwaters
364:that are
360:class of
300:tetrapods
290:internal
187:Java barb
128:, and on
96:Old World
92:New World
84:hedgehogs
77:porcupine
820:Category
780:16526498
664:cite web
566:Jewelry
519:Function
471:on many
459:on many
414:flatworm
392:against
343:stingray
331:venomous
327:lionfish
312:pectoral
243:of most
233:stingray
217:lionfish
141:synapsid
132:(of the
130:echidnas
90:of both
675:value (
649:Youtube
485:Lonomia
443:bivalve
374:rostral
368:to the
358:extinct
339:stinger
288:jointed
235:'s tail
229:stinger
167:mammal
118:tenrecs
67:Mammals
52:keratin
778:
671:Check
626:
461:shrimp
457:rostra
388:or as
306:, are
294:. The
274:, the
154:fossas
109:, and
88:quills
56:barbed
40:spines
718:(6).
600:Brush
577:Pens
529:venom
469:setae
435:shell
356:, an
341:on a
296:limbs
272:clade
231:on a
58:tip.
776:PMID
677:help
656:2021
624:ISBN
496:and
475:and
441:and
386:drag
378:tail
352:The
325:and
314:and
265:skin
241:fins
227:The
204:, a
189:, a
177:Fish
94:and
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766:doi
730:hdl
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467:or
298:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
