40:
2557:
562:
for a time, before he was bribed to raise the siege, and then began to raid the surrounding countryside. The
Abbasids attacked Lachanodrakon while he was raiding, but were decisively defeated by several Byzantine armies. The Byzantine generals who led troops during this battle were given a
498:, declaring him to be his successor. Shortly after this, Nikephoros and Christopher were discovered conspiring against Leo. Despite public opinion supporting the execution of the pair, Leo instead chose to pardon them, although he did exile several other plotters to
527:
468:'the Khazar'. Leo was elevated to co-emperor in 751, while still an infant. He became emperor on 14 September 775, after Constantine V died while campaigning against the
587:
Leo died of a violent fever, due to his tuberculosis, on 8 September 780. Constantine, still only nine years old, became the new emperor, with Irene as his regent.
3156:
3181:
539:
3176:
2428:
854:
162:
381:
977:
3136:
3048:
1502:
3166:
3053:
2296:
2164:
2329:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
1509:
3186:
2132:
75:
2358:
836:
798:
606:
817:
762:
630:
2098:
2081:
1908:
1896:
2069:
1861:
1823:
1783:
1750:
374:
260:
2974:
2284:
2110:
1937:
1903:
1867:
1756:
620:
1925:
970:
2006:
1685:
1151:
3191:
2316:
2272:
2250:
2201:
2088:
1879:
1648:
990:
519:
30:
2556:
3141:
2223:
2191:
2016:
1196:
955:
367:
3171:
2233:
2186:
1733:
1380:
494:, hope of attaining the throne. These hopes were crushed when, in 776, Leo elevated Constantine to
344:
2041:
2021:
1795:
1675:
963:
3161:
2792:
2351:
2311:
2290:
2196:
986:
568:
469:
425:
3035:
2994:
2984:
2707:
2438:
2245:
2240:
2216:
2211:
2127:
1964:
1952:
1723:
1348:
930:
2918:
2878:
2646:
2641:
2491:
2393:
2228:
2176:
2036:
2011:
1976:
1891:
1805:
1655:
1486:
602:
491:
210:
571:(adherents of the Syriac Orthodox Church) were taken from Syria and forcibly resettled in
8:
3151:
3146:
2159:
2144:
2122:
2057:
2046:
2001:
1947:
1437:
1375:
1338:
487:
353:
3092:
3014:
2717:
2656:
2466:
2383:
2206:
2149:
2093:
2075:
2064:
2026:
1996:
1874:
1592:
1496:
1246:
1215:
1208:
810:
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of
Religious History : 5,000 Years of Religious History
3004:
2526:
2511:
2481:
2423:
2388:
2344:
2171:
2117:
1958:
1856:
1680:
1542:
1278:
1263:
1141:
1109:
890:
832:
813:
794:
777:
758:
626:
575:. The next year, in 779, Leo successfully repelled an attack by the Abbasids against
543:
436:. Leo died on 8 September 780, of tuberculosis. He was succeeded by his underage son
409:
145:
58:
3115:
3102:
3058:
3009:
2953:
2621:
2601:
2521:
2501:
2476:
2378:
2301:
2278:
2181:
2154:
2139:
2105:
2031:
1991:
1981:
1706:
1633:
1603:
1466:
1421:
1416:
1288:
551:
193:
3068:
3040:
3019:
2802:
2757:
2631:
2536:
1942:
1932:
1841:
1628:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1370:
1191:
1161:
1104:
1084:
905:
572:
499:
421:
318:
308:
298:
138:
103:
424:
in 768. When
Constantine V died in September 775, while campaigning against the
3075:
2979:
2958:
2752:
2606:
2541:
2496:
2471:
2456:
2446:
2418:
1836:
1800:
1745:
1638:
1561:
1459:
1453:
1385:
1365:
1119:
1079:
946:
900:
535:
531:
515:
480:
437:
420:
in 750. He was elevated to co-emperor in the next year, in 751, and married to
398:
288:
279:
150:
98:
50:
44:
3130:
3087:
2883:
2863:
2853:
2596:
2546:
2408:
2306:
2266:
1810:
1618:
1426:
920:
883:
564:
555:
453:
413:
229:
220:
172:
88:
2943:
2712:
2571:
2051:
1846:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1586:
1448:
1089:
934:
781:
476:
2999:
2989:
2928:
2903:
2692:
2626:
2576:
2506:
1915:
1790:
1740:
1665:
1239:
1186:
1129:
39:
2702:
3063:
2908:
2873:
2823:
2807:
2777:
2486:
1971:
1886:
1851:
1816:
1728:
1643:
1403:
1396:
1343:
1323:
1268:
1233:
1226:
1171:
1136:
999:
576:
559:
460:
who had been given the
Christian name Eirene. Because his mother was a
433:
248:
985:
2938:
2838:
2581:
2413:
2403:
1718:
1670:
1580:
1567:
1354:
1283:
1256:
1251:
1220:
1166:
1114:
1049:
1044:
3097:
2923:
2893:
2848:
2762:
2737:
2697:
2682:
2616:
2531:
2398:
1986:
1768:
1660:
1613:
1573:
1555:
1475:
1410:
1390:
1360:
1333:
1328:
1313:
1303:
1273:
1181:
1176:
1124:
1099:
1094:
1059:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
547:
523:
2933:
2913:
2843:
2833:
2772:
2747:
2722:
2687:
2651:
2636:
2591:
2516:
2461:
2367:
1920:
1623:
1530:
1443:
1298:
1074:
511:
465:
461:
457:
429:
417:
182:
157:
3081:
2898:
2868:
2858:
2787:
2782:
2742:
2732:
2586:
1692:
1549:
1431:
1203:
1069:
404:
107:
2948:
2888:
2828:
2797:
2727:
2451:
1293:
1064:
1054:
1034:
625:. Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo. p. 273.
2767:
2677:
2672:
2336:
1039:
1029:
432:
Syria, decisively defeating the
Abbasid army outside of
731:
683:
646:
644:
642:
661:
659:
719:
671:
639:
505:
695:
518:with a force made up of the armies of the multiple
428:, Leo IV became senior emperor. In 778 Leo raided
707:
656:
567:when they returned to Constantinople. A number of
3128:
479:, which, combined with the infancy of his son,
2352:
971:
375:
3182:Tuberculosis deaths in the Byzantine Empire
3157:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
412:from 775 to 780 AD. He was born to Emperor
2359:
2345:
978:
964:
382:
368:
826:
689:
618:
408:; 25 January 750 – 8 September 780) was
582:
483:, gave two of Leo's half-brothers, the
3129:
807:
788:
771:
737:
725:
701:
677:
650:
2340:
959:
510:Leo launched an invasion against the
475:Leo was by this point suffering from
3177:8th-century deaths from tuberculosis
791:Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire
752:
713:
665:
895:14 September 775 – 8 September 780
755:A History of the Later Roman Empire
13:
14:
3203:
506:Invasion of the Abbasid Caliphate
448:Leo IV was born on 25 January 750
16:Byzantine emperor from 775 to 780
2555:
440:, with Irene serving as regent.
38:
829:Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831
746:
3137:8th-century Byzantine emperors
757:. Cambridge University Press.
612:
596:
1:
622:Scritti Storici E Numismatici
590:
3167:770s in the Byzantine Empire
2366:
456:and his first wife, Empress
7:
10:
3208:
3187:Sons of Byzantine emperors
2251:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2202:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2089:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
808:Melton, J. Gordon (2014).
774:The Later Byzantine Empire
443:
3111:
3028:
2967:
2816:
2665:
2564:
2553:
2437:
2374:
2327:
2259:
2224:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2192:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2017:Constantine IX Monomachos
1705:
1602:
1485:
1312:
1150:
998:
941:
928:
917:
912:
897:
888:
880:
875:
848:
827:Sophoulis, Panos (2011).
789:Lawler, Jennifer (2011).
619:Grierson, Philip (2001).
558:. Lachanodrakon besieged
534:, led by Artabasdos; the
178:
168:
156:
144:
134:
130:8 September 780 (aged 30)
126:
118:
114:
94:
84:
74:
64:
57:
37:
28:
23:
2187:Michael VIII Palaiologos
3045:Khazar ancestry claims
2042:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1676:Tiberius II Constantine
772:Finlay, George (2017).
2793:Semikarakorsk Fortress
2197:Michael IX Palaiologos
49:of Leo IV and his son
3036:Khazar Correspondence
2291:Thessalonian emperors
2285:Trapezuntine emperors
2246:John VIII Palaiologos
2241:Manuel II Palaiologos
2212:John VI Kantakouzenos
2128:Andronikos I Komnenos
1965:Constantine Lekapenos
993:and empresses regnant
345:Twenty Years' Anarchy
31:Emperor of the Romans
2229:John VII Palaiologos
2177:Theodore II Laskaris
2037:Constantine X Doukas
1977:Nikephoros II Phokas
753:Bury, J. B. (2015).
603:Theophanes Confessor
583:Death and succession
464:, Leo was given the
2429:Dnieper trade route
2160:Theodore I Laskaris
2145:Alexios III Angelos
2123:Alexios II Komnenos
2047:Romanos IV Diogenes
2002:Romanos III Argyros
1948:Romanos I Lekapenos
354:Nikephorian dynasty
3093:Mandgelis Document
3076:Khazars in fiction
3015:Svetlana Pletnyova
2657:Yitzhak ha-Sangari
2279:Britannic emperors
2273:Palmyrene emperors
2207:John V Palaiologos
2150:Alexios IV Angelos
2099:Constantine Doukas
2094:Alexios I Komnenos
2082:Constantine Doukas
2065:Michael VII Doukas
2027:Michael VI Bringas
1593:Romulus Augustulus
1216:Trebonianus Gallus
1209:Herennius Etruscus
991:Byzantine emperors
913:Political offices
850:Leo IV the Khazar
401:: Λέων ὁ Χάζαρος,
68:14 September 775 –
3192:Byzantine consuls
3124:
3123:
3005:Alexander Harkavy
2975:Mikhail Artamonov
2424:Volga trade route
2334:
2333:
2172:John III Vatatzes
2118:Manuel I Komnenos
1857:Michael I Rangabe
1701:
1700:
1543:Petronius Maximus
1142:Severus Alexander
1110:Septimius Severus
954:
953:
942:Succeeded by
898:Succeeded by
891:Byzantine Emperor
776:. Merkaba Press.
740:, pp. 85–88.
544:Bucellarian Theme
522:, including: the
514:in 778, invading
410:Byzantine emperor
395:Leo IV the Khazar
392:
391:
359:
358:
188:
187:
59:Byzantine emperor
3199:
3142:Isaurian dynasty
3103:Schechter Letter
3059:Crimean Karaites
3010:Thomas S. Noonan
2559:
2394:Arab–Khazar wars
2361:
2354:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2182:John IV Laskaris
2155:Alexios V Doukas
2140:Isaac II Angelos
2106:John II Komnenos
2032:Isaac I Komnenos
1992:Constantine VIII
1982:John I Tzimiskes
1709:Byzantine Empire
1483:
1482:
980:
973:
966:
957:
956:
918:Preceded by
881:Preceded by
871:
864:
855:Isaurian dynasty
846:
845:
842:
823:
804:
785:
768:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
654:
648:
637:
636:
616:
610:
600:
552:Thracesian Theme
470:Bulgarian Empire
451:
384:
377:
370:
337:
336:
196:
195:Isaurian dynasty
190:
189:
42:
21:
20:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3172:Irene of Athens
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3107:
3069:Jewish Cossacks
3041:Khazar language
3024:
3020:Omeljan Pritsak
2995:Peter B. Golden
2963:
2812:
2661:
2560:
2551:
2433:
2370:
2365:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2267:Gallic emperors
2255:
1943:Constantine VII
1724:Constantine III
1711:
1708:
1697:
1606:
1598:
1537:Valentinian III
1525:Constantius III
1519:Priscus Attalus
1503:Constantine III
1489:
1481:
1371:Valerius Valens
1316:
1308:
1154:
1146:
1105:Didius Julianus
1085:Marcus Aurelius
1002:
994:
984:
950:
945:
938:
926:
924:
908:
904:
894:
886:
870:8 September 780
865:
859:
858:
851:
839:
820:
801:
765:
749:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
664:
657:
649:
640:
633:
617:
613:
601:
597:
593:
585:
565:triumphal entry
508:
452:AD, to Emperor
449:
446:
422:Irene of Athens
388:
352:
343:
324:
314:
304:
294:
284:
275:
265:
256:
244:
235:
225:
216:
194:
104:Irene of Athens
102:
70:8 September 780
69:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Vasily Bartold
2977:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Volga Bulgaria
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:Saltovo-Mayaki
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:John of Gothia
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2226:
2221:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2086:
2062:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Theodora (III)
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1918:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1884:
1872:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Constantine VI
1834:
1829:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Theodosius III
1798:
1793:
1788:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1746:Constantine IV
1743:
1738:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:Eastern Empire
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:Western Empire
1480:
1479:
1472:
1460:Magnus Maximus
1456:
1454:Valentinian II
1451:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:Constantius II
1383:
1381:Constantine II
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1231:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Antoninus Pius
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1003:27 BC – AD 235
996:
995:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
952:
951:
947:Constantine VI
943:
940:
927:
919:
915:
914:
910:
909:
901:Constantine VI
899:
896:
887:
882:
878:
877:
876:Regnal titles
873:
872:
863:25 January 750
852:
849:
844:
843:
838:978-9004206953
837:
824:
818:
805:
800:978-0786466160
799:
786:
769:
763:
748:
745:
743:
742:
730:
728:, p. 569.
718:
716:, p. 479.
706:
694:
692:, p. 143.
690:Sophoulis 2011
682:
680:, p. 568.
670:
668:, p. 478.
655:
653:, p. 186.
638:
631:
611:
594:
592:
589:
584:
581:
536:Armeniac Theme
532:Anatolic Theme
524:Opsikion Theme
507:
504:
481:Constantine VI
445:
442:
438:Constantine VI
390:
389:
387:
386:
379:
372:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
347:
333:
332:
328:
327:
326:
325:
322:
315:
312:
305:
302:
295:
292:
289:Constantine VI
285:
282:
280:Constantine VI
276:
273:
266:
263:
257:
254:
245:
242:
236:
233:
226:
223:
217:
214:
204:
203:
199:
198:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
151:Constantine VI
148:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
122:25 January 750
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
99:Constantine VI
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:Constantine VI
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3204:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Khazar people
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Kievan Letter
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Crimean Goths
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Black Klobuks
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Hazer Tarkhan
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:Other figures
2563:
2558:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2439:Khazar rulers
2436:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Pax Khazarica
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2326:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:Theodora (II)
1902:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:Constantine V
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Anastasius II
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Theodosius II
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Valentinian I
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:Constantine I
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Constantius I
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
948:
937:
936:
932:
922:
921:Constantine V
916:
911:
907:
906:Empress Irene
902:
893:
892:
885:
884:Constantine V
879:
874:
869:
862:
857:
856:
847:
840:
834:
830:
825:
821:
819:9781610690263
815:
811:
806:
802:
796:
793:. McFarland.
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
764:9781108083188
760:
756:
751:
750:
739:
734:
727:
722:
715:
710:
704:, p. 85.
703:
698:
691:
686:
679:
674:
667:
662:
660:
652:
647:
645:
643:
634:
632:9788879882446
628:
624:
623:
615:
608:
604:
599:
595:
588:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
557:
556:Lachanodrakon
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Karisterotzes
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:Constantine V
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Constantine V
411:
407:
406:
400:
396:
385:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
365:
363:
362:
355:
351:
348:
346:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
330:
329:
323:797–802
321:
320:
316:
313:792–797
310:
306:
303:780–790
300:
296:
293:780–797
291:
290:
286:
283:776–780
281:
277:
274:775–780
272:
271:
267:
264:741–742
262:
258:
255:741–742
252:
250:
246:
243:751–775
241:
237:
234:741–775
232:
231:
230:Constantine V
227:
224:720–741
222:
221:Constantine V
218:
215:717–741
213:
212:
208:
207:
206:
205:
201:
200:
197:
192:
191:
184:
181:
177:
174:
173:Constantine V
171:
167:
164:
161:
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
90:
89:Constantine V
87:
83:
79:
77:
73:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3080:
2708:Golden Hills
2611:
2572:Alp Iluetuer
2234:Andronikos V
2232:
2215:
2163:
2131:
2109:
2097:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2056:
2050:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1924:
1907:
1895:
1878:
1866:
1860:
1847:Nikephoros I
1831:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1782:
1779:Justinian II
1774:Tiberius III
1764:Justinian II
1755:
1749:
1732:
1684:
1656:Anastasius I
1647:
1591:
1587:Julius Nepos
1579:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1449:Theodosius I
1436:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1366:Maximinus II
1353:
1255:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1128:
1090:Lucius Verus
935:Roman Empire
929:
889:
867:
860:
853:
828:
812:. ABC-CLIO.
809:
790:
773:
754:
747:Bibliography
733:
721:
709:
697:
685:
673:
621:
614:
598:
586:
509:
495:
484:
477:tuberculosis
474:
447:
416:and Empress
402:
394:
393:
349:
340:
317:
287:
269:
268:
247:
239:
228:
209:
45:
29:
18:
3000:Lev Gumilev
2990:Norman Golb
2985:D.M. Dunlop
2817:Tributaries
2693:Chersonesus
2627:Ras Tarkhan
2577:Alp Tarkhan
2507:Manasseh II
2293:(1224–1242)
2287:(1204–1461)
2076:Konstantios
1953:Christopher
1926:Constantine
1916:Michael III
1897:Constantine
1880:Constantine
1862:Theophylact
1791:Philippicus
1741:Constans II
1666:Justinian I
1562:Severus III
1510:Constans II
1264:Claudius II
1240:Silbannacus
1187:Gordian III
1162:Maximinus I
1130:Diadumenian
925:then lapsed
738:Finlay 2017
726:Melton 2014
702:Finlay 2017
678:Melton 2014
651:Lawler 2011
492:Christopher
434:Germanikeia
350:Followed by
341:Preceded by
311:as co-ruler
253:usurpation
85:Predecessor
3152:780 deaths
3147:750 births
3131:Categories
3064:Subbotniks
2909:Laz people
2874:East Slavs
2824:Abkhazians
2808:Tamatarkha
2778:Samosdelka
2642:Sviatoslav
2487:Manasseh I
2414:Radhanites
2070:Andronikos
2058:Nikephoros
2007:Michael IV
1972:Romanos II
1892:Theophilos
1887:Michael II
1868:Staurakios
1852:Staurakios
1824:Nikephoros
1817:Artabasdos
1729:Heraclonas
1686:Theodosius
1644:Basiliscus
1404:Nepotianus
1397:Magnentius
1391:Constans I
1344:Severus II
1324:Diocletian
1269:Quintillus
1234:Aemilianus
1227:Volusianus
1172:Gordian II
1137:Elagabalus
1000:Principate
591:References
577:Asia Minor
560:Germanicia
550:; and the
488:Nikephoros
426:Bulgarians
331:Succession
301:as regent
261:Nikephoros
249:Artabasdos
202:Chronology
80:6 June 751
76:Coronation
3049:Ashkenazi
2939:Pechenegs
2839:Baranjars
2582:Balgitzin
2467:Zachariah
2404:Meshchera
2379:Byzantium
2312:Classical
2297:Empresses
2281:(286–296)
2275:(267–273)
2269:(260–274)
2012:Michael V
1938:Alexander
1751:Heraclius
1719:Heraclius
1671:Justin II
1581:Glycerius
1568:Anthemius
1438:Procopius
1376:Martinian
1355:Maxentius
1284:Florianus
1257:Saloninus
1252:Gallienus
1221:Hostilian
1197:Philip II
1167:Gordian I
1115:Caracalla
1050:Vespasian
1045:Vitellius
831:. Brill.
714:Bury 2015
666:Bury 2015
569:Jacobites
554:, led by
546:, led by
538:, led by
526:, led by
95:Successor
3116:Category
3098:Red Jews
3054:Cossacks
2968:Scholars
2924:Mordvins
2894:Kipchaks
2849:Bashkirs
2763:Sambalut
2758:Samandar
2738:Khazaran
2703:Güsliyev
2698:Dagestan
2683:Balanjar
2647:Theodora
2617:Papatzys
2532:Aaron II
2527:Benjamin
2492:Hanukkah
2482:Hezekiah
2399:Kipchaks
2389:Abbasids
2384:Bulgaria
2368:Khazaria
2307:Usurpers
2302:Augustae
2260:See also
2165:Nicholas
1987:Basil II
1784:Tiberius
1769:Leontius
1757:Tiberius
1734:Tiberius
1712:610–1453
1707:Eastern/
1661:Justin I
1614:Arcadius
1574:Olybrius
1556:Majorian
1497:Honorius
1476:Eugenius
1411:Vetranio
1361:Licinius
1334:Galerius
1329:Maximian
1314:Dominate
1304:Numerian
1274:Aurelian
1247:Valerian
1192:Philip I
1182:Balbinus
1177:Pupienus
1125:Macrinus
1100:Pertinax
1095:Commodus
1060:Domitian
1025:Claudius
1020:Caligula
1015:Tiberius
1010:Augustus
548:Tatzates
512:Abbasids
485:caesares
405:Khazaros
403:Leōn ho
163:Isaurian
2954:Uralics
2934:Onogurs
2919:Magyars
2914:Lezgins
2904:Kassogs
2844:Barsils
2834:Arsiyah
2773:Samiran
2748:Levedia
2723:Kazarki
2652:Tzitzak
2637:Sfengus
2592:Bulchan
2522:Menahem
2517:Aaron I
2502:Zebulun
2477:Obadiah
2462:Parsbit
2317:Eastern
2217:Matthew
2111:Alexios
1959:Stephen
1921:Basil I
1806:Leo III
1681:Maurice
1624:Marcian
1607:395–610
1531:Joannes
1490:395–480
1444:Gratian
1317:284–610
1299:Carinus
1279:Tacitus
1155:235–285
1075:Hadrian
944:Lapsed,
933:of the
923:in 742,
782:1886829
607:AM 6241
528:Gregory
500:Cherson
466:epithet
458:Tzitzak
444:History
430:Abbasid
418:Tzitzak
211:Leo III
183:Tzitzak
158:Dynasty
135:Consort
46:Solidus
3082:Kuzari
3029:Legacy
2944:Sabirs
2899:Kumyks
2889:Kabars
2884:Juhuri
2869:Cumans
2859:Burtas
2788:Sarkel
2783:Saqsin
2768:Sambat
2743:Khumar
2718:Kavkaz
2666:Places
2632:Serach
2622:Pesakh
2612:Leo IV
2587:Barjik
2547:George
2537:Joseph
2079:&
2055:&
1962:&
1933:Leo VI
1909:Thekla
1865:&
1832:Leo IV
1754:&
1693:Phocas
1649:Marcus
1634:Leo II
1550:Avitus
1467:Victor
1432:Valens
1422:Jovian
1417:Julian
1289:Probus
1224:&
1204:Decius
1152:Crisis
1070:Trajan
949:in 782
931:Consul
866:
835:
816:
797:
780:
761:
629:
573:Thrace
542:; the
530:; the
520:themes
496:caesar
462:Khazar
450:
270:Leo IV
240:Leo IV
179:Mother
169:Father
108:regent
24:Leo IV
2949:Sarir
2929:Oghuz
2829:Alans
2803:Taman
2798:Sudak
2733:Kerem
2728:Kerch
2713:Kaffa
2542:David
2497:Isaac
2472:Bulan
2457:Bihar
2452:Busir
2447:Irbis
1875:Leo V
1842:Irene
1629:Leo I
1294:Carus
1065:Nerva
1055:Titus
1035:Galba
987:Roman
868:Died:
861:Born:
516:Syria
399:Greek
319:Irene
309:Irene
307:with
299:Irene
297:with
278:with
259:with
238:with
219:with
146:Issue
139:Irene
65:Reign
2879:Huns
2678:Azaq
2673:Atil
2602:HLGW
2512:Nisi
2419:Rus'
2231:(w.
2214:(w.
2162:(w.
2133:John
2130:(w.
2108:(w.
2096:(w.
2067:(w.
2049:(w.
1950:(w.
1923:(w.
1906:(w.
1894:(w.
1877:(w.
1859:(w.
1820:(w.
1781:(w.
1748:(w.
1731:(w.
1683:(w.
1646:(w.
1639:Zeno
1506:(w.
1463:(w.
1254:(w.
1218:(w.
1206:(w.
1194:(w.
1127:(w.
1120:Geta
1040:Otho
1030:Nero
989:and
939:776
833:ISBN
814:ISBN
795:ISBN
778:OCLC
759:ISBN
627:ISBN
490:and
127:Died
119:Born
106:(as
2688:Bar
2052:Leo
1997:Zoe
1243:(?)
903:and
101:and
3133::
2073:,
1956:,
658:^
641:^
605:,
579:.
502:.
472:.
2360:e
2353:t
2346:v
2237:)
2220:)
2168:)
2136:)
2114:)
2102:)
2085:)
2061:)
1968:)
1929:)
1912:)
1900:)
1883:)
1871:)
1828:)
1787:)
1760:)
1737:)
1689:)
1652:)
1514:)
1471:)
1260:)
1230:)
1212:)
1200:)
1133:)
979:e
972:t
965:v
841:.
822:.
803:.
784:.
767:.
635:.
609:.
397:(
383:e
376:t
369:v
251:'
110:)
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