79:'s National Design Specification for Wood Construction is generally updated on a 3- to 5-year cycle. The 1991 release is the first release which mentions LVL. LVL is mentioned as a subcategory of structural glued laminated timber. The first explorations into engineered lumber happened during World War II in the United States. In 1942, an increased demand for wood caused a sudden timber shortage. The war industry utilized a panel material developed by the Homasote Company of Trenton, New Jersey, made of wood pulp and ground newspaper, to be used in place of siding and sheathing for buildings. The invention of laminated veneer lumber as known today can be attributed to Arthur Troutner. While glue laminated wood veneers were in use since the middle of the 19th century on a small scale for furniture and pianos, Troutner was the first to develop a laminated veneer lumber of a scale large enough to be used in construction. In 1971 "Micro=Lam LVL" was introduced. "Micro=Lam LVL" consisted of laminated veneer lumber billets 4 feet (1.2 m) wide,
106:, although in plywood the veneers switch direction while stacking and in LVL the veneers all stack in the same direction. In LVL, the direction of the wood grain is always parallel to the length of the billet. The stacking of these veneers into a complete board, called a billet, creates a single piece of LVL sharing a common direction of wood grain. LVL is typically rated by the manufacturer for elastic modulus and allowable bending stress. Common elastic moduli are 12, 13 and 14 GPa (1,700,000, 1,900,000 and 2,000,000 psi), and common allowable bending stress values are 19 and 21 MPa (2,800 and 3,000 psi). Although the creation of LVL is often proprietary and thus its make-up is largely dependent on individual manufacturers, in general one cubic meter of North American lumber is composed of 97.54% wood, 2.41% of
122:. LVL is manufactured to sizes compatible with the depth of I-joist framing members for use as beams and headers. Additionally, some manufacturers further cut LVL into sizes for use as chord-members on I-joists. In 2012, North American LVL manufacturers produced more than 1.2 million cubic metres (43.4 million cubic feet) of LVL in 18 different facilities, and in 2013 the production increased by more than 14%. It is not coincidental that LVL mills are often co-located with I-joist manufacturing facilities as many builders use a combination of I-joists and LVL in floor and roof assemblies.
20:
163:(PSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). All members of this category are strong and predictable, and are thus interchangeable for some applications. PSL is made from veneers that are cut up into long strands and oriented parallel to its length before being compressed into its final shape. LSL is also made from strands rather than veneer, although the strands are shorter and aligned with less precision than PSL and is created as billets that are like a thick version of
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with gluelam as an outer gluelam tension lam to increase the strength of the gluelam beam. However, due to the fact that the assembly adhesives limit the penetration of chemicals typically used to treat outdoor-rated lumber, LVL may not be suitable for outdoor load-bearing use — rotten LVL joists were blamed for the
145:
floor framing, residential builders and building designers like the combination of I-joist and LVL floor and roof assemblies. LVL is considered to be a highly reliable building material that provides many of the same attributes associated with large sized timbers. LVL can also be used in combination
93:
inches (89 mm) thick, and 80 feet (24 m) long. Troutner proved the structural capabilities of his Micro=Lam product by building a house in
Hagerman, Idaho, using beams made of Micro=Lam. Most corporations considered Troutner's invention to be a niche product and it was not until the
58:: Made in a factory under controlled specifications, it is stronger, straighter, and more uniform. Due to its composite nature, it is much less likely than conventional lumber to warp, twist, bow, or shrink. LVL is a type of structural composite lumber, comparable to
167:. Billets of PSL and LVL are very similar although their sizes are different. Billets of PSL can be as large as 12 inches (300 mm) wide and 60 feet (18 m) long while LVL can range up to 4 feet (1.2 m) wide and 80 feet (24 m) long.
150:
which killed 7 people. The breakdown of LVL end uses in North
America is 33% new single family residential construction, 25% residential renovations and upkeep, 8% new non-residential construction and 34% manufacturing furniture and other products.
70:
Structural composite lumber products, including LVL, are a relatively recent innovation. They are the result of new technology and economic pressure to make use of new species and smaller trees that cannot be used to make solid sawn lumber. While
62:(glulam) but with a higher allowable stress. A high performance more sustainable alternative to lumber, Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) beams, headers and columns are used in structural applications to carry heavy loads with minimum weight.
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became widespread by the early 20th century, the invention of LVL was not until the 1980s after the invention of oriented strand board. The
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mid-1980s when logging became an environmental concern and corporations moved toward engineered lumber that LVL became widespread in use.
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LVL belongs to the category of engineered wood called structural composite lumber. Other members of this category are
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293:"Poetic engineering and Invention: Arthur Troutner, Architect, and the Development of Engineered Lumber"
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http://www.icc.es.org/Reports/pdf_files/load_file.cfm?file_type=pdf&file_name=ESR-1387.pdf
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LVL is commonly manufactured in North
America by companies that also manufacture
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54:, and edge-forming material. LVL offers several advantages over typical milled
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Environmental
Product Declaration for North American Laminated Veneer Lumber
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110:, 0.02% of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, and 0.03% fillers.
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295:. 84th ACSA Annual Meeting. Building Technology Conference.
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Because it is specifically sized to be compatible with
16:
Engineered Wood
Product used in wood frame construction
307:
Fundamentals of
Building Construction: Fourth Edition.
2703:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
286:
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102:
Laminated veneer lumber is similar in appearance to
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239:"LVL - Linyi Huite International Trade Co., Ltd"
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253:"History of APA, Plywood, and Engineered Wood"
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309:Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. pg. 91
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34:product that uses multiple layers of thin
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2693:Building and Wood Workers' International
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341:. American Wood Council. 12 July 2013.
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408:
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2678:American Association of Woodturners
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373:. Selkirk Truss Ltd. Archived from
353:"North American panel output rises"
13:
225:Design of Wood Structures-ASD/LRFD
14:
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2708:National Wood Carvers Association
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2683:Architectural Woodwork Institute
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674:Oriented structural straw board
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305:Allen, Edward and Joseph Iano.
2688:British Woodworking Federation
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23:Laminated veneer lumber detail
1:
2698:Caricature Carvers of America
197:
97:
7:
400:"Deck Collapse Conclusions"
359:. Fordaq S.A. 3 March 2013.
170:
155:Structural composite lumber
134:Rotten LVL joists from the
42:. It is typically used for
10:
2880:
1065:Non-timber forest products
689:Structural insulated panel
267:"1991-1997 NDS Commentary"
65:
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2713:Society of Wood Engravers
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148:Berkeley balcony collapse
136:Berkeley balcony collapse
108:phenol formaldehyde resin
1030:Destructive distillation
227:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1050:Green building and wood
291:Jonathan Reich (1996).
269:. American Wood Council
28:Laminated veneer lumber
2790:Frameless construction
1871:Wood-plastic composite
694:Wood–plastic composite
620:Glued laminated timber
615:Cross-laminated timber
192:Parallel strand lumber
177:Cross-laminated timber
161:parallel strand lumber
138:
125:
60:glued laminated timber
24:
767:Corrugated fiberboard
669:Oriented strand board
165:oriented strand board
133:
77:American Wood Council
22:
2718:Timber Framers Guild
1572:Australian Blackwood
1152:WikiProject Forestry
2864:Composite materials
2438:Hammer-headed tenon
1957:Janka hardness test
913:Ramial chipped wood
1299:Japanese carpentry
830:Cellulosic ethanol
139:
25:
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2795:Green woodworking
2652:Wood preservation
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2483:Tongue and groove
2463:Mortise and tenon
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2050:Warrington hammer
1879:
1878:
1567:African Blackwood
1359:Segmented turning
1160:
1159:
1095:Wood preservation
1040:Engineered bamboo
860:Pyroligneous acid
371:"All About Beams"
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2030:Thickness planer
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1274:Chainsaw carving
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1085:Timber recycling
1080:Reclaimed lumber
1070:Natural building
1035:Dry distillation
989:Split-rail fence
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2785:Frame and panel
2773:
2722:
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2535:Surface piecing
2530:
2487:
2408:Crown of thorns
2348:
2334:Smoothing plane
2240:
2127:
2069:
1972:Milling machine
1875:
1836:Cross-laminated
1822:
1493:
1403:
1374:Spindle turning
1364:Shingle weaving
1334:Pallet crafting
1227:
1196:
1191:
1161:
1156:
1116:
1100:Wood processing
1008:
942:
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635:parallel strand
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38:assembled with
32:engineered wood
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2098:Flooring clamp
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2079:
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2055:Winding sticks
2052:
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2035:Timber-framing
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1861:Particle board
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1077:
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1062:
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1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:Certified wood
1022:
1016:
1014:
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1009:
1007:
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999:Timber framing
996:
991:
986:
984:Sawdust brandy
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875:Sandalwood oil
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377:on 2008-05-13
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37:
33:
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2602:Heat bending
2547:Edge banding
2319:Router plane
2314:Rebate plane
2274:Finger plane
2005:
1709:
1703:
1683:
1677:Lignum vitae
1435:
1429:
1394:Wood carving
1369:Shipbuilding
1354:Root carving
1314:Log building
1279:Chip carving
1139:
1109:
1004:Wooden masts
974:Dugout canoe
959:Bavin (wood)
908:Black liquor
845:Liquid smoke
629:
595:Utility pole
580:Timber truss
500:Log building
379:. Retrieved
375:the original
365:
356:
347:
334:
328:
306:
301:
271:. Retrieved
261:
247:
233:
224:
158:
140:
117:
101:
69:
30:(LVL) is an
27:
26:
2823:WikiProject
2769:Rift sawing
2759:Flat sawing
2647:Wood drying
2324:Scrub plane
2309:Razee plane
2259:Block plane
2113:Mitre clamp
2060:Wood scribe
2011:Combination
1753:Purpleheart
1449:Douglas fir
1399:Woodturning
1232:Occupations
1194:Woodworking
1105:Woodworking
1090:Wood drying
1075:Papermaking
895:By-products
801:Derivatives
739:Pellet fuel
480:Flitch beam
2848:Categories
2778:Techniques
2727:Conversion
2657:Wood stain
2585:Treatments
2373:Birdsmouth
2339:Spokeshave
2289:Jack plane
2279:Fore plane
2118:Pipe clamp
2083:Band clamp
2007:Carpenters
1828:Engineered
1778:Rubberwood
1627:Eucalyptus
1431:Calocedrus
1344:Pyrography
1309:Kohlrosing
947:Historical
928:Wood flour
777:Paperboard
647:Fiberboard
605:Engineered
465:Bressummer
198:References
187:Papercrete
2567:Parquetry
2562:Oystering
2557:Marquetry
2398:Butterfly
2065:Workbench
1997:Sandpaper
1977:Mitre box
1922:Drawknife
1912:Burnisher
1897:Abrasives
1846:Hardboard
1507:Afromosia
1389:Whittling
1339:Parquetry
1324:Marquetry
1269:Certosina
1264:Carpentry
1254:Cabinetry
1201:Overviews
969:Clapboard
938:Woodchips
933:Wood wool
813:Cellulose
808:Birch-tar
762:Cardboard
744:Wood fuel
652:hardboard
555:Reclaimed
520:Panelling
510:Log house
505:Log cabin
98:Qualities
40:adhesives
2813:Category
2592:Adhesive
2572:Purfling
2552:Intarsia
2493:Profiles
2418:Dovetail
2357:Geometry
2196:Hand saw
2181:Crosscut
2166:Circular
2161:Chainsaw
2108:Holdfast
1773:Rosewood
1705:American
1700:Mahogany
1672:Jelutong
1642:Hornbeam
1607:Cocobolo
1602:Chestnut
1517:Andiroba
1329:Millwork
1294:Intarsia
1289:Fretwork
1284:Ébéniste
1213:Glossary
1130:Category
1111:Yakisugi
1045:Forestry
1013:See also
954:Axe ties
923:Tall oil
903:Barkdust
885:Wood gas
865:Pine tar
855:Methanol
787:Pulpwood
734:Firewood
717:Charcoal
710:Fuelwood
657:Masonite
585:Treenail
485:Flooring
182:Homasote
171:See also
120:I-joists
52:rimboard
2854:Plywood
2833:Commons
2749:Whipsaw
2744:Sawmill
2637:Varnish
2632:Thermal
2607:Lacquer
2542:Binding
2511:Chamfer
2378:Biscuit
2344:Surform
2236:Whipsaw
2206:Keyhole
2191:Fretsaw
2171:Compass
2156:Bucksaw
2146:Bandsaw
2141:Backsaw
2123:Sawbuck
2093:F-clamp
2088:C-clamp
1962:Jointer
1866:Plywood
1818:Zebrano
1758:Ovankol
1723:Meranti
1711:African
1682:Linden
1637:Hickory
1592:Cedrela
1587:Camphor
1582:Bubinga
1577:Boxwood
1557:Bilinga
1542:Avodire
1459:Juniper
1444:Cypress
1319:Luthier
1208:History
1141:Commons
1020:Biomass
994:Tanbark
918:Sawdust
729:Firelog
722:biochar
684:Plywood
642:I-joist
560:Shingle
515:Molding
143:I-joist
104:plywood
88:⁄
73:plywood
66:History
44:headers
2739:Hewing
2478:Splice
2433:Halved
2428:Groove
2423:Finger
2403:Coping
2388:Bridle
2365:Joints
2246:Planes
2231:Veneer
2221:Scroll
2216:Ripsaw
2201:Jigsaw
2176:Coping
2075:Clamps
2002:Square
1992:Shaper
1987:Router
1967:Mallet
1942:Gimlet
1917:Chisel
1813:Willow
1803:Walnut
1793:Totara
1783:Sapele
1748:Poplar
1733:Padauk
1695:Merbau
1667:Jarrah
1652:Imbuia
1647:Idigbo
1612:Cumaru
1597:Cherry
1522:Anigre
1484:Spruce
1437:Cedrus
1304:Khatam
1259:Caning
1222:lumber
979:Potash
880:Tannin
840:Lignin
754:Fibers
699:lumber
625:veneer
565:Siding
545:Rafter
540:Purlin
455:Batten
448:timber
444:Lumber
381:19 Nov
357:Fordaq
273:29 Nov
56:lumber
2617:Paint
2526:Ovolo
2521:Ogive
2506:Bevel
2473:Scarf
2458:Miter
2226:Table
2211:Miter
2186:Frame
2103:Gripe
2019:Speed
2015:Miter
1947:Gauge
1937:Float
1932:Fence
1927:Drill
1885:Tools
1808:Wenge
1798:Utile
1763:Ramin
1718:Maple
1690:Lovoa
1662:Iroko
1632:Hazel
1617:Ebony
1562:Birch
1552:Beech
1547:Balsa
1537:Aspen
1532:Apple
1512:Alder
1469:Kauri
1464:Larch
1426:Cedar
1409:Woods
1384:Treen
1060:Mulch
870:Pitch
792:Rayon
772:Paper
590:Truss
530:Plate
525:Plank
490:Joist
475:Cruck
339:(PDF)
48:beams
2516:Ogee
2501:Bead
2443:Knee
2413:Dado
2393:Butt
2133:Saws
2045:Vise
1982:Rasp
1907:Adze
1788:Teak
1743:Plum
1738:Pear
1499:Hard
1479:Rimu
1474:Pine
1418:Soft
1218:Wood
835:Dyes
818:nano
782:Pulp
607:wood
575:Stud
570:Sill
535:Post
495:Lath
460:Beam
383:2008
275:2017
36:wood
2642:Wax
2612:Oil
2448:Lap
2383:Box
2151:Bow
2023:Try
1902:Axe
1856:OSB
1851:MDF
1728:Oak
1657:IpĂŞ
1622:Elm
1527:Ash
1489:Yew
1454:Fir
850:Lye
662:MDF
630:LVL
470:CLS
126:Use
2850::
2021:,
2017:,
2013:,
2009:,
1708:,
1434:,
355:.
314:^
283:^
206:^
50:,
46:,
2026:)
2004:(
1714:)
1702:(
1440:)
1428:(
1224:)
1220:(
1186:e
1179:t
1172:v
446:/
428:e
421:t
414:v
385:.
277:.
255:.
241:.
90:2
86:1
83:+
81:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
