33:
801:
55:
1110:) (Urticaceae). Stinging hairs deter soft-muzzled, grazing mammals, suggesting that dead-nettles are harmless Batesian mimics. However, many other labiates that do not closely mimic nettles have ovate leaves with serrate margins, so if this is a case of true mimicry, it may have involved rather little modification in leaf shape. ...
787:
have been selected for garden use. They are frost hardy and grow well in most soils. Flower colour determines planting season and light requirement: white- and purple-coloured flowered species are planted in spring and prefer full sun. The yellow-flowered ones are planted in fall (autumn) and prefer
324:
species; they spread by both seeds and stems rooting as they grow along the ground. They have square stems and coarsely textured pairs of leaves, often with striking patterns or variegation. They produce double-lipped flowers in a wide range of colours.
360:β (henbit dead-nettle) β widespread across Europe and northern Asia from Spain + Norway to Japan + Kamchatka, as well as North Africa, Ethiopia, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands; naturalised in New Zealand, Hawaii, South America + North America
648:(red dead-nettle) β northern + central Europe and western Asia from Spain + Denmark east to Caucasus + Siberia; naturalised in Korea, Taiwan, North America, New Zealand, Argentina, Falkland Islands
663:
546:
506:β (yellow archangel) β northern + central Europe and western Asia from Spain + Denmark east to Iran + Western Siberia; naturalised in North America, New Zealand,
488:
685:
466:
397:
364:
535:
674:
652:
608:
513:
408:
696:
619:
597:
524:
477:
455:
419:
575:
386:
349:β (white dead-nettle) β widespread across Europe + northern Asia from Spain + Norway to Japan + Kamchatka; naturalised in New Zealand + North America
441:
1408:
1447:
1483:
1356:
1421:
1369:
1273:
1036:
1170:
1426:
973:
593:β (spotted dead-nettle) β Europe + Middle East from Portugal to Turkey; also Gansu + Xinjiang Provinces of western China
1268:
996:
1537:
1084:
Brown, V. K.; Lawton, J. H.; Grubb, P. J. (29 August 1991). "Herbivory and the
Evolution of Leaf Size and Shape ".
1452:
1395:
1501:
1532:
1066:
426:β (northern dead-nettle) β northern Europe from Ireland to northern Russia; naturalised in Greenland + Iceland
1434:
1242:
1338:
1325:
945:
930:
918:
1496:
897:
892:
827:
334:
1578:
1462:
1374:
305:
54:
1488:
1333:
32:
1583:
1320:
1185:
1413:
768:, but unlike those, they do not have stinging hairs and so are harmless or apparently "dead".
1475:
1281:
8:
747:, which means "gullet", a reference to the gaping throat-like appearance of the corolla.
353:
41:
1312:
1545:
1147:
1062:
499:
193:
49:
1470:
1255:
1166:
992:
969:
300:
native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, but several have become very successful
1348:
1550:
1260:
1223:
1139:
1093:
789:
755:
641:
586:
430:
297:
181:
1234:
1573:
1247:
1160:
800:
740:
560:
321:
285:
92:
1524:
1439:
883:
375:
79:
1567:
1208:
765:
630:
165:
1514:
1097:
823:
760:
342:
317:
173:
1382:
1217:
819:
780:
568:
520:β Mediterranean + western Asia from Portugal to Kazakhstan + Saudi Arabia
1143:
1361:
1151:
832:
293:
148:
1086:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1387:
1307:
1294:
784:
717:
289:
138:
1179:
1509:
1202:
723:
712:
415:β Caucasus (southern European Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
128:
118:
105:
1299:
936:
includes photos and distribution maps for Europe and North
America
604:β eastern Mediterranean (Greece, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus)
1400:
754:("deaf nettle", or "nettle without a kernel"), and refers to the
507:
449:
750:
The common name "dead-nettle" has been derived from the German
1286:
1083:
815:
281:
66:
1106:) (Labiatae) bear a close resemblance to stinging nettles (
1102:... appearance of vegetative plants of white dead-nettles (
301:
1126:
DeFelice, Michael S. (2005). "Henbit and the
Deadnettles,
991:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
707:
Several closely related genera were formerly included in
743:
in the first century AD. The name comes from the Greek
1017:
1005:
484:β Spain, France, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
1565:
1165:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
31:
529:(GΓ³mez Hern.) GΓ³mez Hern. & A.Pujadas
1158:
1125:
1071:Transactions of the Philological Society
1061:
1023:
1011:
799:
382:β Mediterranean from Portugal to Romania
983:
981:
814:species are used as food plants by the
1566:
878:
876:
874:
1184:
1183:
989:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
582:β Turkey, Caucasus, Syria, Iran, Iraq
567:β (cut-leaved dead-nettle) β Europe,
1538:83d230ea-760f-4472-92fd-d5b6d07b27d8
1463:81865c72-2c11-415f-8282-53349ee22314
978:
624:(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) E.H.L.Krause
308:across much of the temperate world.
911:
871:
637:β Austria, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia
13:
1502:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30027405-2
931:Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere
304:of crop fields and are now widely
14:
1595:
964:Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.
779:species are widely cultivated as
954:Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 579. 1753.
946:Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 157
792:habits and need plenty of room.
337:accepted the following species:
53:
1119:
1077:
1055:
1029:
968:p. 355. Cork University Press.
1130:spp.: Archangels or Demons?".
958:
939:
924:
858:
771:
764:to the very distantly related
681:β Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Iraq
670:β France, Switzerland, Hungary
311:
1:
851:
730:
7:
1043:. Missouri Botanical Garden
328:
10:
1600:
898:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
893:Plants of the World Online
828:setaceous Hebrew character
795:
626:β Turkey, Syria, Palestine
531:β Spain, Portugal, Corsica
335:Plants of the World Online
1192:
555:(L. album Γ L. maculatum)
199:
192:
179:
172:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
16:Genus of flowering plants
1159:Gledhill, David (2008).
316:The genus includes both
788:shade. They often have
284:of about 30 species of
1098:10.1098/rstb.1991.0076
1067:"On False Etymologies"
966:Webb's An Irish Flora.
808:
864:Carl Linnaeus (1753)
803:
489:Lamium galactophyllum
292:, of which it is the
246:Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
686:Lamium tschorochense
1162:The Names of Plants
1144:10.1614/WT-05-072.1
1063:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
721:(hemp-nettles) and
664:Lamium Γ schroeteri
580:Boiss. & A.Huet
547:Lamium Γ holsaticum
467:Lamium eriocephalum
398:Lamium cappadocicum
365:Lamium bakhtiaricum
354:Lamium amplexicaule
42:Lamium amplexicaule
1039:Lamium galeobdolon
822:species including
809:
615:β Turkey, Caucasus
536:Lamium glaberrimum
500:Lamium galeobdolon
493:Boiss. & Reut.
402:Celep & Karaer
1561:
1560:
1471:Open Tree of Life
1186:Taxon identifiers
1172:978-0-521-86645-3
1092:(1267): 265β272.
866:Species Plantarum
735:The generic name
702:
691:
680:
675:Lamium tomentosum
669:
658:
653:Lamium taiwanense
647:
636:
625:
614:
609:Lamium multifidum
603:
592:
581:
566:
553:β central Europe
552:
541:
530:
519:
514:Lamium garganicum
505:
494:
483:
472:
461:
447:
436:
425:
414:
409:Lamium caucasicum
403:
392:
381:
370:
359:
348:
298:herbaceous plants
269:
268:
263:
255:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
168:
1591:
1579:Lamiaceae genera
1554:
1553:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1440:NHMSYS0000460078
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1364:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1289:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1250:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1155:
1113:
1112:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:
985:
976:
962:
956:
943:
937:
928:
922:
921:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
880:
869:
862:
846:C. ochripennella
806:Lamium moschatum
766:stinging nettles
700:
697:Lamium vreemanii
689:
678:
667:
656:
645:
642:Lamium purpureum
634:
623:
620:Lamium orientale
612:
601:
598:Lamium moschatum
590:
587:Lamium maculatum
579:
564:
550:
539:
528:
525:Lamium gevorense
517:
503:
492:
481:
478:Lamium flexuosum
470:
459:
456:Lamium demirizii
445:
434:
431:Lamium coutinhoi
423:
420:Lamium confertum
412:
401:
390:
379:
368:
357:
346:
333:As of May 2024,
286:flowering plants
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
213:
205:
182:Lamium purpureum
164:
58:
57:
35:
21:
20:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1188:
1173:
1132:Weed Technology
1122:
1117:
1116:
1082:
1078:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:DeFelice (2005)
1022:
1018:
1012:Gledhill (2008)
1010:
1006:
999:
987:
986:
979:
974:978-185918-4783
963:
959:
949:
944:
940:
929:
925:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
882:
881:
872:
863:
859:
854:
798:
783:, and numerous
774:
741:Pliny the Elder
733:
727:(motherworts).
576:Lamium macrodon
561:Lamium hybridum
540:(K.Koch) Taliev
387:Lamium bilgilii
331:
314:
296:. They are all
214:Heist. ex Fabr.
188:
185:
163:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1551:wfo-4000020496
1542:
1529:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1467:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1353:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1229:
1214:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1156:
1138:(3): 768β774.
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1076:
1054:
1028:
1026:, p. 768.
1016:
1014:, p. 229.
1004:
998:978-1405332965
997:
977:
957:
950:ye zhi ma shu
947:
938:
923:
910:
870:
856:
855:
853:
850:
804:Scanograph of
797:
794:
773:
770:
732:
729:
705:
704:
693:
682:
671:
660:
649:
638:
627:
616:
605:
594:
583:
572:
571:, North Africa
557:
543:
532:
521:
510:
496:
485:
474:
463:
452:
442:Lamium cyrneum
438:
427:
416:
405:
394:
383:
376:Lamium bifidum
372:
361:
350:
330:
327:
313:
310:
288:in the family
267:
266:
265:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
216:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
186:
177:
176:
170:
169:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
83:
82:
77:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1596:
1585:
1584:Garden plants
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1111:
1109:
1108:Urtica dioica
1105:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1000:
994:
990:
984:
982:
975:
971:
967:
961:
955:
953:
942:
935:
934:
927:
920:
914:
899:
895:
894:
889:
887:
879:
877:
875:
867:
861:
857:
849:
847:
843:
839:
838:C. ballotella
836:case-bearers
835:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
807:
802:
793:
791:
786:
782:
778:
769:
767:
763:
762:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
728:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
710:
699:
698:
694:
688:
687:
683:
677:
676:
672:
666:
665:
661:
655:
654:
650:
644:
643:
639:
633:
632:
631:Lamium orvala
628:
622:
621:
617:
611:
610:
606:
600:
599:
595:
589:
588:
584:
578:
577:
573:
570:
563:
562:
558:
556:
549:
548:
544:
538:
537:
533:
527:
526:
522:
516:
515:
511:
509:
502:
501:
497:
491:
490:
486:
480:
479:
475:
469:
468:
464:
458:
457:
453:
451:
444:
443:
439:
433:
432:
428:
422:
421:
417:
411:
410:
406:
400:
399:
395:
389:
388:
384:
378:
377:
373:
367:
366:
362:
356:
355:
351:
345:
344:
340:
339:
338:
336:
326:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
260:
257:
252:
249:
244:
241:
236:
233:
228:
225:
220:
217:
212:
209:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
191:
184:
183:
178:
175:
171:
167:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:Tracheophytes
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1193:
1161:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:Bibliography
1107:
1104:Lamium album
1103:
1101:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1038:
1031:
1019:
1007:
988:
965:
960:
951:
941:
932:
926:
913:
901:. Retrieved
891:
885:
865:
860:
845:
841:
837:
831:
824:angle shades
811:
810:
805:
776:
775:
761:Lamium album
759:
751:
749:
744:
739:was used by
736:
734:
722:
716:
715:, including
708:
706:
695:
684:
673:
662:
651:
640:
629:
618:
607:
596:
585:
574:
559:
554:
545:
534:
523:
512:
498:
487:
476:
465:
454:
440:
429:
418:
407:
396:
385:
374:
363:
352:
343:Lamium album
341:
332:
315:
278:dead-nettles
277:
272:
271:
270:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
180:
174:Type species
159:
158:
112:
99:
86:
73:
40:
24:
18:
1383:iNaturalist
1218:Wikispecies
919:"Lamium L."
842:C. lineolea
820:Lepidoptera
781:groundcover
772:Cultivation
756:resemblance
701:A.P.Khokhr.
690:A.P.Khokhr.
569:Macaronesia
460:A.P.Khokhr.
312:Description
306:naturalised
243:Wiedemannia
219:Galeobdolon
145:Subfamily:
93:Angiosperms
1568:Categories
852:References
833:Coleophora
752:Taubnessel
437:β Portugal
435:J.G.GarcΓa
294:type genus
211:Lamiastrum
149:Lamioideae
1308:FloraBase
868:, p. 579.
785:cultivars
731:Etymology
718:Galeopsis
713:botanists
322:perennial
290:Lamiaceae
251:Lamiopsis
235:Psilopsis
227:Pollichia
139:Lamiaceae
63:Kingdom:
1533:VicFlora
1522:VASCAN:
1515:40001518
1510:Tropicos
1269:eFloraSA
1203:Wikidata
1073:(6): 70.
1065:(1855).
1047:29 March
830:and the
818:of some
790:invasive
724:Leonurus
711:by some
703:β Turkey
692:β Turkey
659:β Taiwan
657:S.S.Ying
542:β Crimea
495:β Turkey
473:β Turkey
462:β Turkey
404:β Turkey
393:β Turkey
329:Taxonomy
259:Lamiella
230:Schrank.
194:Synonyms
135:Family:
129:Lamiales
119:Asterids
106:Eudicots
1414:1319964
1401:20956-1
1362:2926678
1209:Q146675
1152:3989505
796:Ecology
591:(L.) L.
508:Madeira
504:(L.) L.
450:Corsica
446:Paradis
413:Grossh.
380:Cirillo
280:) is a
155:Genus:
125:Order:
67:Plantae
1574:Lamium
1484:PLANTS
1476:332799
1460:NZOR:
1349:lamium
1346:FoIO:
1339:117535
1326:117535
1274:Lamium
1235:191926
1232:APDB:
1224:Lamium
1194:Lamium
1169:
1150:
1128:Lamium
995:
972:
952:Lamium
933:Lamium
886:Lamium
816:larvae
812:Lamium
777:Lamium
745:laimos
737:Lamium
709:Lamium
679:Willd.
471:Benth.
371:β Iran
369:Jamzad
318:annual
273:Lamium
262:Fourr.
222:Adans.
203:Orvala
160:Lamium
25:Lamium
1489:LAMIU
1453:53158
1427:32537
1409:IRMNG
1388:55460
1313:22015
1300:1LAMG
1287:61777
1261:8VYPZ
1248:54823
1148:JSTOR
903:2 May
602:Mill.
565:Vill.
551:Prahl
391:Celep
302:weeds
282:genus
238:Neck.
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
1525:1314
1497:POWO
1448:NCBI
1422:ITIS
1396:IPNI
1375:6490
1370:GRIN
1357:GBIF
1295:EPPO
1243:APNI
1167:ISBN
1049:2024
993:ISBN
970:ISBN
948:ιθιΊ»ε±
905:2024
844:and
668:Gams
482:Ten.
320:and
254:Opiz
1546:WFO
1435:NBN
1334:FoC
1321:FNA
1282:EoL
1256:CoL
1140:doi
1094:doi
1090:333
848:.
758:of
424:Fr.
1570::
1548::
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1512::
1499::
1486::
1473::
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1398::
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1323::
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1297::
1284::
1271::
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1146:.
1136:19
1134:.
1100:.
1088:.
1069:.
980:^
896:.
890:.
873:^
840:,
826:,
646:L.
635:L.
613:L.
518:L.
448:β
358:L.
347:L.
206:L.
187:L.
166:L.
115::
102::
89::
76::
1175:.
1154:.
1142::
1096::
1051:.
1041:"
1037:"
1001:.
907:.
888:"
884:"
276:(
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