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the crash, fires prevented the passengers from escaping. As there were no fire fighting vehicles for several minutes, the fire rapidly spread and quickly engulfed the fuselage. Just 10 minutes after the crash, the whole cabin section was already engulfed in flames. Rescue services eventually arrived at the scene approximately 25 minutes after the accident, but by then it was already too late as the aircraft had been completely destroyed by the fire.
329:(120 m), a bit lower than the airport's minimum descent altitude of 500 feet (150 m). First Officer Panahian then tried to position the aircraft for the final approach. The aircraft was flying with its autopilot on and was slightly higher than the normal approach profile. It was still not configured for landing as the flaps were still at 0 and the aircraft was 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph) faster than the usual speed for approach.
27:
902:
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configured appropriately for the landing. The flaps and the landing gear were eventually deployed while the aircraft was flying at about 180 knots (330 km/h; 210 mph). Dissatisfied with their current approach profile, Captain
Hosseini eventually took over the control from Panahian, adding that he would delegate the controls back to Panahian once they had stabilised the aircraft for the intended approach profile.
316:
had planned earlier, eventually declining the captain's order stating that he was not confident enough on his ability to conduct the approach to the airport. Captain
Hosseini, however, refused to accept his answer and insisted Panahian be the pilot flying, stating that he would provide assistance during the approach. First Officer Panahian reluctantly accepted this and became the pilot flying for the approach phase.
926:
333:
remaining distance of less than 3 nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) between the aircraft and the airport, Captain
Hosseini tried to take over the control from First Officer Panahian. He intended to give the control back to Panahian once the aircraft was on the correct approach profile. First Officer Panahian accepted Hosseini's request and gave the control to him.
342:
and gradually rolled to the left at an angle of more than 30 degree. Captain
Hosseini exclaimed "Why!" and eventually realised that the reverser had been deployed in mid-air. Shortly after, he instructed First Officer Panahian to move the lever fully forward. They successfully decreased the roll and raised the nose, but not enough to keep the aircraft from falling.
774:
back to the reverse range and would hold it onto the idle position. The secondary stop was an electrical flight idle solenoid that was equipped on each propeller of the aircraft and was powered by the skid-control unit. The secondary stop couldn't be deactivated unless the aircraft was on the ground by detecting the spinning motion of the wheels.
274:. The crash of Flight 9642 had resulted in the mandatory recommendation for every Fokker F50 operators to send their aircraft back to the manufacturer for modification. The striking resemblances between both disasters caused authorities to urge non-compliant operators to immediately transport their Fokker F50 for the updated design.
686:
workers from UAE who were intending to renew their visas in the
Iranian resort island of Kish as Kish Island was designated by Iranian authorities as a free trade zone and no visa was required prior to arrival. The tickets were also cheap and the island was also a popular tourist destination with abundant affordable accommodation.
839:
Despite the nature of the crash, investigators only issued 4 recommendations to the involved parties. Among those were calls for Dutch Civil
Aviation Authority to strongly urge non-compliant operators to modify the anti-skid control unit of the Fokker F50, recommendation for Iranian CAO to stress the
773:
Even though the ground range selector had been lifted, the thrust shouldn't have been able to enter the reverse range at all. Fokker had installed another safety feature to prevent such incident from occurring. Called as secondary stop, the feature would have stopped the thrust from going all the way
769:
To prevent the thrust from entering the ground range, Fokker equipped two safety features on the aircraft. The first safety feature was the primary stop, also known as the ground range selector. The stop would have prevented the lever from going backwards and entering the ground range. To disarm the
752:
As the aircraft became nearer to the airport, the crew had to quickly decrease their altitude, or they would have overshot the runway. Captain
Hosseini tried to do this by attempting to cause the engine thrust to enter the ground range by pulling the ground range selector. The thrust, however, moved
744:
The approach was initially planned to be conducted by
Captain Hosseini as the pilot flying, but it ended up being switched during the enroute phase. The sudden role switch caught First Officer Panahian off guard as it had not been agreed by both pilots prior to the flight. First Officer Panahian had
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There were 6 crew members on board, consisting of 2 cockpit crew, 2 cabin crew and 2 security personnel. The commander of the flight was 48-year-old
Captain Ahmed Hosseini. He had a total flying experience of 6,440 hours, of which more than 1,500 hours were on the Fokker 50. He was a former military
341:
Keen to decrease their altitude, Captain
Hosseini tried to cause the thrust setting to enter the ground range by pulling the thrust lever's ground range selector. Immediately afterwards, the propeller speed jumped and caused a noisy sound loud enough to startle both pilots. The aircraft pitched down
332:
The aircraft rapidly approached the minimum descent altitude for Sharjah. The crew managed to decrease the airspeed by a bit and deployed the flaps to 10. Captain Hosseini later set the flaps to 25. The landing gear began to be extended. The aircraft, however, was still too high and too fast. With a
311:
Flight 7170 was a scheduled international passenger flight from the Iranian resort island of Kish to Sharjah International Airport in United Arab Emirates. On 10 February, the aircraft was scheduled to take off from Kish with 42 passengers and 6 crew members on board. The commander of the flight was
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In Flight 7170, after extending the landing gear, Captain Hosseini decided to take over the control and lifted the ground range selector in order to enable the thrust to enter the ground range. As it was still within the 16 seconds timeframe, the thrust went way back into the reverse range, putting
349:
A nearby witness was the first to arrive at the crash site. According to him, cries for help could still be heard from inside the aircraft. He tried to open one of the doors but failed as the door was already crushed by the impact forces. While some parts of the fuselage wall had been broken during
345:
Another aircraft on the ground was on its way to line up with the runway when the crew saw Flight 7170 pitching down and starting to roll again. It entered a steep left bank dive and went into a spiral. The aircraft continued to plunge in a heavy left bank angle until it struck the ground, narrowly
797:
The investigation revealed that the anti-skid control unit of the aircraft involved in the crash was still in the original unmodified condition. According to recommendations issued by Fokker, aircraft with unmodified anti-skid control unit were subjected for modification in 2004. This included the
765:
The thrust range in Fokker F50 was consisted of two control ranges. The first one was the flight control range, which was used for virtually nearly all phases of flight other than landing. The other was the ground range, which also included the reverse range. Both thrust ranges were typically used
756:
As the crew realized that the reverser had been deployed in the air, the thrust levers were quickly moved forward. Their action on moving the throttle, however, was too quick, giving the hydraulics no time to compensate. The counterweights eventually caused the blade pitch of the left propeller to
315:
During the enroute phase, shortly before the aircraft started its descent to Sharjah, Captain Hosseini asked First Officer Panahian to switch roles, making Panahian the pilot who was responsible for the controls. First Officer Panahian was surprised by this decision as this was not what the pilots
262:
concluded that the accident was mainly caused by pilot error. The captain of the flight suddenly asked the first officer to conduct the approach. This took the unprepared first officer by surprise, causing him to be nervous and eventually led to the aircraft being high on approach. Realizing this,
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Due to the unprepared nature of the approach, Panahian caused the aircraft to fly at an altitude that was too high for an approach and an airspeed that was 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph) faster than the normal airspeed value of 130 knots (240 km/h; 150 mph). The aircraft was not
785:
The safety feature could be overridden by an electromagnetic interference from the aircraft's skid-control unit, which in turn powered the solenoids. The interference was produced by the extension of the landing gear. The resulting interference energized both flight solenoids (secondary stop),
692:
Officials stated that the three survivors of the crash consisted of one Egyptian, one Filipino and one Iranian. The Filipino survivor was found to be conscious and stable, while the other two were in serious condition. The survivors were reportedly seated in the middle section of the aircraft.
685:
There were 40 passengers on board, including one infant. Most of the passengers were migrant workers. Many on board were going to renew their work visas, as the permit regulations in UAE at the time required workers to renew their visas outside the country. The flight was frequented by migrant
263:
the captain took over the control and decided to pull the thrust until it reached the ground range to quickly decrease their altitude. However, the captain accidentally caused the thrust to enter the reverse range, deploying the reverser in mid-air and ultimately caused the aircraft to crash.
353:
The rescue operation was further hampered by bottlenecking, where local residents had crowded the scene of the crash. The fire was extinguished about 30 minutes after the accident. At least 4 survivors were found within the crash site, but one succumbed to their injuries as they were being
793:
Fokker knew about the existence of the glitch and had tried to warn operators about it. Following the crash of Luxair Flight 9642 two years earlier, which crashed in the exact similar manner, Fokker issued a mandatory modification on the anti-skid control units to prevent it from emitting
328:
Around 11:20 a.m, the crew's request for descent to the airport was granted by air traffic controller. They were then cleared for a VOR/DME approach to the airport and then were cleared for landing at runway 12. Captain Hosseini asked First Officer Panahian to set the altitude to 410 feet
753:
even further from the ground range and entered the reverse value. The reverse setting was prohibited to be deployed while the aircraft was still in mid-air. As the engine started to produce reverse thrust, massive drag forces began to appear, crippling the aircraft's ability to fly.
821:
By suddenly insisting the First Officer fly the final approach, the pilot in command created an environment, which led to a breakdown of crew resource management processes, the non observance of the operator's standard operating procedures and a resultant excessive high approach
302:
for Iberia as EC-GKU prior to being delivered to Kish Air on 1 March 2002. The aircraft had followed an "A" check on 24 December 2003 and was due to another check on 31 April 2004. The aircraft was equipped with two Pratt & Whitney Canada engines and two Dowty Propellers.
766:
during landing due to its deceleration effect. As both were used for landing, pilots were generally banned from applying this thrust setting while their aircraft was still in mid-air as the resultant drag forces would have threatened the controllability of the aircraft.
312:
Captain Ahmed Hosseini and his co-pilot was First Officer Nemat Panahian. The weather and visibility at Sharjah were in good condition. The flight was supposed to take about 35 minutes. It eventually took off from Kish at early noon. The take-off phase was uneventful.
720:
Based on the aircraft's logbook, there were no recorded defects or unscheduled maintenance since overhaul. The aircraft technical logbooks indicated that there had been no scheduled or unscheduled maintenance conducted on the aircraft propeller components.
346:
missing a residential area, crossed a road and exploded on impact, bursting into flames. It crashed about 2.6 nautical miles (3.0 mi; 4.8 km) from the end of the runway. The front portion was destroyed, but the main fuselage was still intact.
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refused on conducting the approach as he was not confident on his ability to land, but Captain Hosseini pushed him and insisted him to do it. Either for cultural or professional reasons, Panahian eventually accepted this, albeit reluctantly.
848:
Prior to the crash, migrant workers were required to renew their visas outside of UAE. Following the crash of Flight 7170, Emirati officials cancelled the policy. The law change was initially enacted by only one of the 7 emirates, the
757:
fully decrease. Instead of increasing the airspeed, the engines put the propellers into maximum reverse, producing large amount of drag. The aircraft then dived with a heavy left bank angle and crashed onto the residential area.
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As the aircraft approached the airport, the crew initiated the approach briefing and read the checklist. During the approach, Captain Hosseini kept giving advice to First Officer Panahian regarding the aircraft's track.
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In 2010, the Federal Supreme Court of the UAE ordered Kish Air to pay Dh864,000 to the families of the victims. Spokesperson of Kish Air stated that the airline was in the process of settling the amount of payment.
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electromagnetic interference into the secondary stop. The announcement was made in 2003 and all aircraft should have been modified by then, but in Flight 7170 the thrust still managed to enter the reverse range.
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The final report, published in April 2005, concluded that the crash was caused by the movement of the power levers to the back by one of the pilots, causing the thrust to enter the reverse range.
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tricking both solenoids and caused them to falsely interpret that the aircraft was already on the ground. After powering up both solenoids, the glitch would not disappear for at least 16 seconds.
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An attempt to rectify this excessive high approach speed most likely resulted in the non compliance with the Standard Operating Procedures and the movement of the power levers below flight idle.
1050:"FINAL REPORT ON THE ACCIDENT INVOLVING KISH AIRLINES FOKKER F27 MK.050, IRANIAN REGISTERED AS EP-LCA ON APPROACH TO SHARJAH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ON 10 FEBRUARY, 2004"
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The Cockpit Voice Recorder and the Digital Flight Data Recorder were retrieved from the relatively undamaged tail section of the aircraft in very good condition. They were presented to the
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While the purpose of the secondary stop was to prevent the thrust from entering the ground range, the feature could be overridden by a glitch within the aircraft's components.
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pilot. The co-pilot was 50-year-old First Officer Nemat Panahian. He had accumulated a total flying experience of nearly 4,000 hours, of which 517 hours were on the Fokker 50.
881:, a similar crash in Papua New Guinea involving a Dash 8 in which the pilots accidentally changed the aircraft's propeller switch into reverse pitch while still in mid-air
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importance of proper training and prohibition regarding the use of ground control range during flight, and new calls for ICAO to implement cockpit video camera policy.
887:, a similar crash in Indonesia involving a Xian MA60 in which the pilots accidentally changed the aircraft's propeller switch into reverse pitch while still in mid-air
1795:
725:
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1387:
64:
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875:, a similar crash in Luxembourg in which the pilots accidentally changed the aircraft's propeller switch into reverse pitch while still in mid-air
869:, a similar crash in Guadeloupe in which the pilots accidentally changed the aircraft's propeller switch into reverse pitch while still in mid-air
354:
transported to hospital. One of the survivors was found in stable condition, while the other two were unconscious and were in critical condition.
853:, just hours after the crash. On February 11, UAE President Shaikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahayan announced a nationwide change on the visa-law.
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primary stop, pilots should lift the ground range selector. By doing so, the levers could be pulled way back into the ground range.
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255:. A total of 43 out of 46 people on board were killed in the crash, making it the deadliest air disaster involving the Fokker 50.
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The unmodified version of the Skid Control Unit failed to provide adequate protection at the time of the event."
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Reports indicated that there were people of at least 12 nationalities, in which the majority were Iranians.
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A total of 43 people perished in the accident. Bodies of the victims were lined up and were taken to
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1112:[How did the Fokker 50 Kish Air crash kill 43 people near Sharjah, UAE?] (in Persian). CANN
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1110:"چگونه سقوط هواپیمای فوکر ۵۰ کیش ایر، ۴۳ نفر را در نزدیکی شارجه امارات به کام مرگ کشاند؟"
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involved Kish Air Fokker 50, where it was planned to undergo modification in May 2004.
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270:, another accident involving the Fokker F50 which had crashed just two years prior in
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1335:"Airline ordered to pay victim's family Dh864,000 six years after plane crash"
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on 16 February 2004 for extraction of the DFDR data and CVR transcription.
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The involved Fokker 50 while still in operation with Lufthansa CityLine
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953:"ASN Aircraft accident Fokker 50 EP-LCA Sharjah Airport (SHJ)"
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The remains of Kish Air Flight 7170, one year after the crash
1801:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Arab Emirates
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Aviation accidents and incidents in the United Arab Emirates
1085:"Kish Air EP-LCA (Fokker 50 - MSN 20273) (Ex D-AFFJ EC-GKU)"
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294:, registered EP-LCA. It first flew on 25 January 1993 with
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247:. On February 10, 2004, the aircraft serving the route, a
1275:[Notice No. 3 of the Civil Aviation Authority].
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Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety
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Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
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713:(CAO), representing as the State of Operator and the
717:, representing as the manufacturer of the aircraft.
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was a scheduled international passenger flight from
790:the propellers into reverse and caused the crash.
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813:also listed the following contributing factors:
1796:Accidents and incidents involving the Fokker 50
1251:"Crash survivor recalls horrific last moments"
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266:Flight 7170 crashed in a similar manner with
94:EP-LCA, the aircraft involved in the accident
1826:2004 disasters in the United Arab Emirates
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707:Emirates General Civil Aviation Authority
1791:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2004
1273:"اطلاعیه شماره 3 سازمان هواپیمایی کشوری"
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1313:"Crash triggers UAE visa rule change"
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1277:The Civil Aviation Authority of Iran
1539:Hendrick Motorsports aircraft crash
1291:"UAE changes visa rule after crash"
1160:"Iranian plane crashes in Emirates"
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705:The investigation was conducted by
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1549:China Eastern Airlines Flight 5210
1207:"43 Killed In Iranian Plane Crash"
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1816:2004 in the United Arab Emirates
1811:Kish Air accidents and incidents
1405:Aviation accidents and incidents
1368:General Civil Aviation Authority
1229:"43 killed in Sharjah air crash"
1057:General Civil Aviation Authority
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53:Thrust reversers engaged due to
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1529:Corporate Airlines Flight 5966
1459:Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815
1439:Uzbekistan Airways Flight 1154
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1132:"Iranian plane crash kills 43"
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243:, operated by Iranian airline
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1509:Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701
1479:Northwest Airlines Flight 327
1185:"Plane crash kills 43 in UAE"
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253:Sharjah International Airport
161:Sharjah International Airport
69:Sharjah International Airport
1821:February 2004 events in Asia
1059:. 2005-04-25. Archived from
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1187:. The Sydney Morning Herald
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1648:Japan Air Lines Flight 404
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1715:Sudan Airways Flight 2241
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1429:Flash Airlines Flight 604
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1279:(in Persian). 2004-02-10.
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867:Air Caraïbes Flight 1501
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1519:MK Airlines Flight 1602
961:Aviation Safety Network
817:"Contributory factors:
1786:2004 disasters in Asia
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16:2004 aviation accident
1723:UPS Airlines Flight 6
1489:Air Tahoma Flight 185
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1707:Kish Air Flight 7170
1449:Kish Air Flight 7170
1091:. Airfleets aviation
919:United Arab Emirates
489:United Arab Emirates
361:for identification.
241:United Arab Emirates
225:Kish Air Flight 7170
169:United Arab Emirates
77:United Arab Emirates
20:Kish Air Flight 7170
1758: /
1731:Emirates Flight 521
1699:Aeroflot Flight 521
1664:Gulf Air Flight 771
1587:► 2005
1581:2003 ◄
1569:Lion Air Flight 538
1559:Blackwater 61 crash
957:aviation-safety.net
740:Conduct of approach
365:Passengers and crew
298:as D-AFFJ, then to
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873:Luxair Flight 9642
296:Lufthansa CityLine
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268:Luxair Flight 9642
109:Aircraft name
99:Aircraft type
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1762:25.617°N 55.683°E
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1253:. Khaleej Times
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1231:. Khaleej Times
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951:Ranter, Harro.
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1717:(October 2009)
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1337:. The National
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1066:on 2016-11-04
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761:Reverse angle
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701:Investigation
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139:Flight origin
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1706:
1691:21st century
1642:(March 1972)
1632:20th century
1448:
1360:Final report
1339:. Retrieved
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1315:. Al Jazeera
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1164:. Retrieved
1139:. Retrieved
1136:The Guardian
1135:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1088:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1061:the original
964:. Retrieved
956:
946:
855:
847:
838:
816:
808:
805:
802:Final report
796:
792:
788:
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776:
772:
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372:Nationality
356:
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331:
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314:
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289:
265:
258:The Emirati
257:
224:
223:
143:Kish Airport
130:Registration
112:
1765: /
1650:(July 1973)
1341:14 November
1319:14 November
1297:14 November
1257:13 November
1235:13 November
1213:13 November
1191:13 November
1166:13 November
1141:13 November
1116:13 November
781:Design flaw
511:Philippines
392:Passengers
386:Passengers
300:Air Nostrum
229:Kish Island
157:Destination
147:Kish Island
65:Al Muwafjah
55:pilot error
1780:Categories
1209:. CBS News
1095:2020-12-07
1070:2020-12-07
966:2020-12-07
938:References
730:Le Bourget
423:Bangladesh
378:Survivors
272:Luxembourg
199:Fatalities
183:Passengers
844:Aftermath
728:(BEA) in
292:Fokker 50
249:Fokker 50
215:Survivors
175:Occupants
103:Fokker 50
931:Aviation
861:See also
830:—
445:Cameroon
320:Approach
278:Aircraft
245:Kish Air
207:Injuries
123:Kish Air
119:Operator
83:Aircraft
37:Accident
1753:55°41′E
1750:25°37′N
1409: (
1407:in 2004
1364:Archive
893:Portals
599:Nigeria
401:Algeria
375:Killed
237:Sharjah
165:Sharjah
73:Sharjah
67:, near
50:Summary
1565:Nov 30
1555:Nov 27
1545:Nov 21
1535:Oct 24
1525:Oct 19
1515:Oct 14
1505:Oct 14
1495:Aug 24
1485:Aug 13
1475:Jun 29
1455:May 14
1445:Feb 10
1435:Jan 13
822:speed.
734:France
664:Total
381:Total
307:Flight
134:EP-LCA
113:Ghadir
1465:Jun 8
1425:Jan 3
1293:. CNN
1162:. BBC
1064:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
643:Syria
621:Sudan
577:Nepal
533:India
467:Egypt
395:Crew
389:Crew
359:Dubai
337:Crash
1411:2004
1366:) -
1343:2022
1321:2022
1299:2022
1259:2022
1237:2022
1215:2022
1193:2022
1168:2022
1143:2022
1118:2022
907:Iran
809:The
555:Iran
233:Iran
191:Crew
151:Iran
61:Site
42:Date
679:46
667:37
571:17
559:11
549:13
537:13
235:to
231:in
1782::
1176:^
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1087:.
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959:.
955:.
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414:0
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408:0
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969:.
895::
218:3
210:3
194:6
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