1347:
2666:
436:
The Times argued that prosecuting private civilians would set a precedent for prosecuting journalists and others who publish leaked information, which "sounds more like
Britain's Official Secrets Act than an American law consonant with the 1st Amendment", pointing out that "when Congress passed the Espionage Act, it explicitly rejected a version that would have punished newspapers for printing information "useful to the enemy"."
1337:
323:
secrets to friends of the United States, Ellis ruled, was not in and of itself criminal. For a crime to be committed, he wrote in his opinion, the accused must have sought both benefit to another nation as well as to harm the United States. Ellis' legal rulings set a high bar for the prosecutors, including a requirement to prove that Rosen and
Weissman knowingly meant to harm the United States or aid another country.
448:"They knew very well that I spoke to the Embassy of Israel, it was no great surprise to them, they also spoke to the embassy," he said. "We would have a triangle, three-way conversation. It was nothing special. It was normal. But these people were talking as if we were a nest of spies, that we were doing something against America."
303:
the
National Security Council who might be able to help force a harder line. He also asked Rosen for help getting him a job at the NSC; Rosen told him politely, "I'll see what I can do," claimed Franklin. Rosen never acted upon this request because Franklin eventually was charged with conspiracy counts.
335:
In late 2009, Franklin wrote that his objective was "to halt the rush to war in Iraq—at least long enough to adopt a realistic policy toward an Iran bent on doing us ill", not "to leak secrets to a foreign government". However, the meetings with AIPAC officials in which the pertinent oral information
302:
He did indeed plead guilty to the three conspiracy counts on
October 5, explaining that he had shared his frustrations over U.S. Iran policy with the other two defendants regularly in 2002 and later passed oral information to them he knew was classified in the hope they could get them to employees of
444:
In a television interview broadcast in Israel, Rosen said, "What it would have shown is that I did nothing wrong," he said. "Who did something wrong is the people who brought this case, not just that they were incorrect, but that the attitude they had about Jews, Israel, AIPAC, was completely false,
435:
felt that the government was right to drop its espionage case against Rosen and
Weissman, arguing that this was the first time that non-government employees were being prosecuted under the Espionage Act, which they argued was meant to prevent government employees from leaking classified information.
326:
On June 11, prosecutors asked Judge Ellis to reduce
Franklin's sentence to eight years for his cooperation. Judge Ellis said the dropping of the case against Rosen and Weissman was a "significant" factor in the sentencing of Franklin and sentenced him to ten months house arrest along with 100 hours
233:
On May 3, 2005, the FBI filed criminal charges against
Franklin. The complaint alleges that, at a June 26, 2003 lunch, Franklin disclosed classified national defense information related to potential attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq to two unnamed individuals. According to contemporary media reports,
318:
In August, he denied
Weissman and Rosen's motion to dismiss their indictment on the grounds that the government could still prosecute and punish those who retransmitted classified information orally regardless of whether they had a security clearance or not, an interpretation of the Espionage Act
276:
After being confronted by the FBI in the spring of 2004, Franklin agreed to cooperate and to pass on fabricated information to selected information. He contacted several individuals, including
Weissman, with whom he had not seen in over a year. In July 2004, in the Patisserie of the Pentagon City
383:
sustained over the
Pollard affair makes it unlikely that the country would again jeopardize its relationship with the United States through espionage, and note that the U.S. government has neither registered a protest with the Israelis nor accused its officials of wrongdoing in the AIPAC affair.
382:
Some believe that Israel's credibility with regard to Franklin is tainted by their insistence in the Pollard case that he likewise was not a spy, a position they maintained for 13 years before admitting, in 1998, that Pollard indeed had been a spy for Israel. Others think the damage that Israel
322:
A significant problem for the government arose in a pre-trial ruling in August 2006, when veteran trial judge T.S. Ellis III ruled that line to mean that prosecutors had to show that U.S. interests were harmed, not just that Rosen and Weissman relayed secrets to a foreign power: Israel. Relaying
379:, pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to life in prison in 1987. The incident had a significantly detrimental impact on U.S.–Israeli relations. Israeli officials have stated that the Israeli government terminated all espionage activities in the United States after the Pollard affair.
277:
mall's Nordstroms, Franklin repeated the fabricated information orally to Weissman. Because one item concerned imminent assassination plots against Kurds, Iraqis, and Israelis, Weissman felt obligated to pass that information on to the governments whose citizens he told Weissman were targeted.
77:
to reduce Franklin's sentence to eight years for his cooperation. Judge Ellis said the dropping of the case against Rosen and Weissman was a "significant" factor in the sentencing of Franklin and sentenced him to ten months' house arrest along with 100 hours of community service. Ellis said
69:
and AIPAC senior Iran analyst Keith Weissman, who were fired by AIPAC. They were then indicted for illegally conspiring to gather and disclose classified national security information to Israel. However, prosecutors later dropped all charges against them without any plea bargain.
314:
sentenced Franklin to 12 years and 7 months in prison and a $ 10,000 fine for passing classified information to a pro-Israel lobby group and an Israeli diplomat but Franklin was to remain free pending his cooperation with prosecutors in the cases against Rosen and Weissman.
455:"They wanted to destroy me. They forced AIPAC to fire me. They forced AIPAC to cut off my attorneys' fees," he said. "They tried to isolate me, to put me in a situation of desperation where I would have to plead guilty to something I did not do. This happens all the time."
219:) provided information to former AIPAC employees Steve J. Rosen and Keith Weissman. This allegation was not part of any of the legal proceeding in this case. Pollack, and a senior State Department official, David Satterfield, were termed "unindicted co-conspirators."
238:
and Keith Weissman, who were employed by AIPAC at the time. The complaint also alleged that Franklin disclosed classified information to "a foreign official and members of the media", and that a search of Franklin's home found approximately 83 classified documents.
131:
to AIPAC, who in turn provided the information to Israel. FBI sources have indicated that the year-long investigation was actively underway when the CBS News story broke. Franklin never passed any documents to AIPAC, only information shared verbally.
760:
451:
In the interview at his home, Rosen charged that Lawrence Franklin was railroaded into pleading guilty, by threats to harm his family by cutting off his pension. He said federal prosecutors used the same type of tactics against him.
306:
Franklin stated that he knew some of the documents and oral information he passed along could be used to the detriment of U.S. national security interests. However, he never passed nor even showed any documents to Weissman or Rosen.
202:
The indictment revealed that the investigation had been going on since 1999, and suggested that other individuals at AIPAC, the Defense Department and the Israeli embassy had been involved as well. The indictment also alleged that
298:
reported that Franklin was negotiating an agreement with prosecutors and would plead guilty to at least the conspiracy charges at a court hearing the following week, after which he would continue his cooperation with prosecutors.
412:
to Israel, including powerful case-management software. A concern is that Israeli companies have then re-sold sensitive U.S.-derived technology to potential U.S. strategic rivals such as Russia and China, and possibly on the
1303:
348:
The spying charges have been denied by Israel as well as AIPAC. The Israeli Embassy in Washington called the charges "completely false and outrageous" and AIPAC stated the allegations were "baseless and false."
286:, "A lawyer familiar with the AIPAC case said administration officials 'want this case as a precedent so they can have it in their arsenal' and added: 'This as a weapon that can be turned against the media.'"
198:
Franklin's security clearance was revoked, although he was not fired, merely demoted. The FBI investigation continued until May 5 when he was arrested and charged with giving away top-secret information.
757:
2114:
391:
According to a Pentagon statement, "the investigation involves a single individual at D.O.D. at the desk officer level, who was not in a position to have significant influence over U.S. policy."
2176:
1667:
1333:
1525:
2002:
1152:
946:
549:
94:(FBI) investigation into a possible spy in the U.S. Department of Defense working for Israel. The story said that the FBI had uncovered a spy working as a policy analyst under
1495:
804:
886:
1823:
1548:
1485:
1325:
828:
2134:
1791:
327:
of community service. Ellis said Franklin's community service should consist of "speaking to young people about the importance of public officials obeying the law".
2017:
1923:
1068:
525:
710:
685:
1450:
1145:
2495:
2144:
642:
2688:
2560:
1480:
191:
It has been suggested that Franklin's motivations may have been ideological or personal, rather than financial. An unnamed U.S. intelligence official told
857:
1737:
1697:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1818:
977:
365:
163:
Franklin had previously been assigned to a unit tasked with the Pentagon's Iraq policy, raising concern that he might have been used to influence the
2703:
2202:
1657:
1475:
1138:
1007:
361:
1377:
1367:
108:. He was later identified as Lawrence Franklin, who had previously served as an attaché at the U.S. embassy in Israel and was one of two mid-level
2708:
573:
498:
1948:
1928:
1898:
1786:
1387:
1382:
1318:
2094:
1292:
353:
2297:
2212:
1642:
2693:
2575:
2467:
1758:
1689:
1433:
938:
2570:
2555:
2520:
2490:
2255:
2119:
1960:
546:
616:
2713:
2698:
2669:
2129:
1913:
1801:
1647:
1311:
102:
78:
Franklin's community service should consist of "speaking to young people about the importance of public officials obeying the law".
2718:
2540:
1279:
1161:
800:
734:
62:
2565:
1861:
915:
208:
272:
One count of conspiring to communicate national defense information to an agent of a foreign government. (50 US 783, 18 USC 371)
242:
Franklin appeared in court on May 4, 2005. He was released on $ 100,000 bond. Franklin's lawyer said he would plead not guilty.
2250:
2104:
1833:
1712:
1615:
1407:
1397:
878:
141:, Lawrence Franklin was one of two U.S. officials who held meetings with Iranian dissidents, including Paris-based arms dealer
2597:
1985:
1955:
1030:
95:
598:
2035:
1828:
1637:
1372:
1610:
109:
42:
1119:
1064:
825:
783:
707:
682:
522:
57:-related charges and was sentenced in January 2006 to nearly 13 years of prison, which was later reduced to ten months'
2723:
2545:
2407:
2062:
1490:
113:
669:, October 4, 2004, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), September 20, 2004, JTA, December 21, 2004, JTA, December 23, 2004
2230:
2207:
2170:
2089:
1975:
1970:
1851:
1362:
188:
report indicates that Gilon was under FBI surveillance and that Franklin only became a target after these meetings.
1893:
1781:
1747:
1652:
1341:
376:
128:
46:
649:
2505:
2322:
1965:
1908:
1625:
91:
1903:
1888:
1632:
1392:
849:
266:
to communicate national defense information to people not entitled to receive it. (18 USC 793 (d), (e) and (g))
17:
1438:
1838:
1766:
1443:
269:
Three counts of communicating national defense information to people not entitled to receive it. (18 USC 793)
216:
157:
969:
2099:
2084:
1742:
1470:
1190:
408:
suggests that the Franklin story is part of a larger investigation into transfer of sensitive military and
999:
2377:
2220:
2109:
1796:
1505:
167:, although Pentagon officials have maintained that he was in no position to influence policy. (See also
2652:
2627:
2602:
1980:
1672:
1662:
1094:
352:
On December 1, 2004, FBI agents raided the offices of AIPAC and seized computer equipment and files of
570:
490:
2139:
2040:
1938:
1249:
371:
There has been at least one case of Israeli espionage in the United States before the AIPAC scandal.
336:
was transmitted, which brought Franklin to the FBI's attention, occurred over three months after the
228:
179:
31:
340:
Franklin confirmed that he never passed any documents to Weissman and Rosen, only oral information.
160:, who had also played a part in Iran-Contra, and is said to have taken place in Paris in June 2003.
2607:
2367:
2245:
2240:
2197:
2159:
1918:
1722:
1598:
1273:
1856:
1593:
1578:
256:
168:
2632:
2515:
2164:
2154:
2027:
1677:
1588:
1583:
1568:
1286:
146:
124:
182:, but point out that this was completely appropriate activity for the two Iran specialists. A
2550:
2500:
2372:
2079:
2074:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2012:
1771:
1717:
1215:
337:
263:
253:
178:, head of the political department at the Israeli Embassy in Washington and a specialist on
2472:
1943:
1933:
1727:
1500:
1428:
1130:
613:
142:
8:
1707:
1558:
1402:
1200:
1038:
731:
694:
533:
409:
319:
that could have wide-reaching implications if it were allowed to become legal precedent.
282:
2617:
2592:
2427:
2402:
2387:
2362:
2352:
2302:
2267:
2149:
2124:
1702:
1553:
1257:
743:
625:
582:
204:
137:
907:
2272:
2192:
2007:
1813:
1573:
1543:
1460:
1123:
431:
174:
On August 30, 2004, Israeli officials admitted that Franklin had met repeatedly with
2645:
2622:
2612:
2585:
2580:
2530:
2525:
2437:
2357:
2235:
2067:
1871:
1843:
1605:
1455:
1423:
1175:
1102:
464:
372:
98:
1042:
595:
2337:
2317:
2292:
2282:
1876:
1806:
1752:
1620:
1195:
1034:
832:
787:
764:
738:
714:
689:
620:
602:
577:
553:
529:
357:
311:
150:
74:
2452:
2447:
2262:
1732:
1220:
1205:
235:
153:
105:
66:
215:
administration (and director of research at the Brookings Institution's Saban
2682:
2422:
2397:
2392:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2307:
2287:
1346:
780:
678:
2510:
2442:
2412:
2312:
1237:
1185:
414:
399:
212:
58:
2535:
2462:
2432:
2417:
2382:
1465:
571:
F.B.I. Is Said to Brief Pentagon Bosses on Spy Case; Charges Are Possible
386:
123:
Franklin has pleaded guilty to providing information about a classified
2457:
2277:
2225:
1990:
1090:
249:
246:
175:
127:, and other sensitive information pertaining to U.S. deliberations on
2638:
1210:
54:
1668:
Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
1563:
1180:
518:
516:
418:
405:
184:
164:
87:
1881:
781:
Ellis memorandum opinion on defense motion to dismiss indictments
557:
417:
where it can potentially be obtained by terrorist groups such as
2115:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
513:
2003:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
50:
939:"Pentagon Official Suspected of Giving U.S. Secrets to Israel"
445:
and unfortunately, a lot of that nonsense is still out there.
1866:
1160:
1336:
195:: "for whatever reason, the guy hates Iran passionately."
117:
1486:
Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
1792:
United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
343:
2018:
Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
1924:
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
400:
Concern about uncontrolled military technology transfers
1451:
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
2135:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
998:
Schmitt, Richard B.; Mazzetti, Mark (28 August 2004).
637:
635:
2496:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
2145:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
387:
Pentagon statement: Franklin did not influence policy
2561:
Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
1481:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
879:"How FBI Employed Pentagon Analyst To 'Sting' Aipac"
149:. These Pentagon-approved meetings were brokered by
1698:
Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
632:
758:Pentagon Analyst Gets 12 Years for Disclosing Data
120:policy in the office's Northern Gulf directorate.
2203:Iranian Students Association in the United States
484:
482:
480:
45:employee, passing classified documents regarding
2680:
1738:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
394:
997:
970:"FBI investigates claims of spying in Pentagon"
330:
1949:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
1929:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
1899:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
1787:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
1476:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
1388:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
1383:Interests Section of Iran in the United States
1095:"Pro-Israel lobbyist hits back at prosecutors"
477:
2095:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
1319:
1293:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1146:
2217:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans
2213:Organization of Iranian American Communities
801:"AIPAC decision a victory — with qualifiers"
790:, from the Federation of American Scientists
774:
2689:George W. Bush administration controversies
2576:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
1434:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
1057:
967:
732:Pentagon Analyst Admits Sharing Secret Data
488:
2571:United States involvement in regime change
2556:Opposition to military action against Iran
2120:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
1961:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
1326:
1312:
1153:
1139:
1089:
252:Franklin on five charges of violating the
30:For the fiddler and session musician, see
1914:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
1648:International Maritime Security Construct
2704:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
2541:International Conference on Hollywoodism
1759:America can't do a damn thing against us
1378:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
1368:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
1280:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
1162:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
1028:
614:Bush officials subpoenaed in AIPAC trial
489:Eggen, D.; Markon, J. (April 21, 2005).
63:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
2256:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
918:from the original on September 10, 2007
826:My Secret Plan to Overthrow the Mullahs
560:, August 29, 2004, archived 2004-08-31.
547:Suspected Pentagon spy served in Israel
14:
2709:Foreign relations of the United States
2681:
2251:National Council of Resistance of Iran
1408:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
344:Accusations denied by AIPAC and Israel
2598:American Institute of Iranian Studies
2177:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
1956:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
1307:
1134:
968:Schmitt, Richard B.; Mazzetti, Mark.
936:
850:"Pentagon rocked by Israeli spy case"
683:Senator May Seek Tougher Law on Leaks
501:from the original on January 19, 2017
96:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
53:. Franklin pleaded guilty to several
41:involved Lawrence Franklin, a former
2036:United States sanctions against Iran
1829:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
1824:United States diplomatic cables leak
1373:Embassy of the United States, Tehran
629:, 13 March 2006, retrieved July 2007
73:On June 11, prosecutors asked Judge
1777:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
1244:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
708:Guilty Plea Planned in Secrets Case
375:, an Israeli spy who worked in the
222:
43:United States Department of Defense
39:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
27:Theft of classified US intelligence
24:
2546:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
2408:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
1616:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
1491:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
1398:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
1083:
1000:"Israel at Center of Spying Probe"
439:
114:Office of the Secretary of Defense
25:
2735:
2231:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
2208:National Iranian American Council
2171:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
2130:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
1971:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
1363:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
1113:
569:David Johnston and Eric Schmitt,
523:Sentence Reduced In Pentagon Case
491:"2 Senior AIPAC Employees Ousted"
424:
61:. Franklin passed information to
47:United States policy towards Iran
2714:Espionage scandals and incidents
2665:
2664:
2468:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
1782:Disappearance of Robert Levinson
1653:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
1643:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
1638:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
1345:
1335:
1071:from the original on 10 May 2009
1010:from the original on 4 June 2022
949:from the original on 4 June 2022
377:Naval Antiterrorist Alert Center
2719:2004 in international relations
2506:Anti-American sentiment in Iran
1986:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
1966:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
1909:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1626:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
1022:
991:
980:from the original on 2022-06-04
961:
937:Risen, James (28 August 2004).
930:
900:
889:from the original on 2024-02-24
871:
860:from the original on 2024-02-24
842:
818:
807:from the original on 2012-02-29
793:
750:
724:
700:
92:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2694:Israel–United States relations
2105:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
1904:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1889:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
1549:United States support for Iraq
1393:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
1065:"Letting go of the AIPAC case"
1029:Jim Lobe (September 1, 2004).
908:"Israel admits it spied on US"
672:
659:
607:
589:
563:
540:
289:
13:
1:
1976:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
470:
395:Context for the investigation
364:, Communication Director and
217:Center for Middle East Policy
158:American Enterprise Institute
129:foreign policy regarding Iran
81:
2699:Iran–United States relations
2100:Iran Freedom and Support Act
2085:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
1819:Detention of American hikers
1743:1980 October Surprise theory
1342:Iran–United States relations
1120:Letting go of the AIPAC case
331:Franklin's account of events
7:
2221:United Against Nuclear Iran
1797:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
458:
310:On January 20, 2006, Judge
103:Deputy Secretary of Defense
10:
2740:
2653:Not for the Faint of Heart
2628:Saint Peter Church, Tehran
2603:American School of Isfahan
2566:State Sponsor of Terrorism
2140:Dames & Moore v. Regan
1981:2022 Erbil missile attacks
1673:Operation Martyr Soleimani
1663:Thirteen revenge scenarios
1633:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
356:, the Executive Director,
226:
29:
2662:
2491:1998 FIFA World Cup match
2483:
2185:
2090:Iran Nonproliferation Act
2041:Maximum pressure campaign
2026:
1939:2021 Erbil rocket attacks
1688:
1536:
1416:
1355:
1266:
1250:United States v. Franklin
1229:
1168:
1031:"Spy Probe Scans Neocons"
839:, November/December 2009.
234:the two individuals were
229:United States v. Franklin
209:National Security Council
32:Larry Franklin (musician)
2608:Community School, Tehran
2368:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
2246:National Council of Iran
2241:Kingdom Assembly of Iran
2160:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
1919:2019 K-1 Air Base attack
1834:Strait of Hormuz dispute
1767:Beirut barracks bombings
1723:Operation Credible Sport
1599:Operation Praying Mantis
1439:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
1274:American Zionist Council
2110:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
1857:Nuclear program of Iran
1594:Operation Nimble Archer
1579:Operation Eager Glacier
294:On September 30, 2005,
245:On August 4, a federal
180:Iran's nuclear programs
169:Office of Special Plans
90:first reported about a
2633:Tehran American School
2516:CIA activities in Iran
2186:Groups and individuals
2165:Certain Iranian Assets
2155:United States v. Banki
1894:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
1678:2020 Camp Taji attacks
1589:Operation Prime Chance
1584:Operation Earnest Will
1444:Abadan Crisis Timeline
1287:They Dare to Speak Out
1127:editorial, May 7, 2009
643:"US government source"
601:April 6, 2005, at the
145:, a key figure in the
125:presidential directive
2724:Iran–Israel relations
2551:Iranian frozen assets
2373:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
2080:Executive Order 13876
2075:Executive Order 13780
2058:Executive Order 13769
2053:Executive Order 12172
2048:Executive Order 12170
2013:Tower 22 drone attack
1772:Khobar Towers bombing
1718:Guadeloupe Conference
1079:– via LA Times.
721:, September 30, 2005.
410:dual-use technologies
368:. Research Director.
360:, Managing Director,
338:2003 invasion of Iraq
254:Espionage Act of 1917
2473:Abdul Majid Muhammed
2198:Iran–America Society
1944:2021 Natanz incident
1934:2020 Iran explosions
1728:Operation Eagle Claw
1690:Incidents after 1979
1501:Joint Plan of Action
1429:Persian Gulf Command
143:Manucher Ghorbanifar
86:On August 27, 2004,
2521:Copyright relations
1852:2016 Naval incident
1708:Iran hostage crisis
1559:Iran Air Flight 655
1471:Island of Stability
1403:Iranian Directorate
1201:Bernice Manocherian
1039:Inter Press Service
771:, January 20, 2006.
719:The Washington Post
695:The Washington Post
534:The Washington Post
495:The Washington Post
296:The Washington Post
283:The Washington Post
211:staffer during the
2618:Iran Bethel School
2593:Alborz High School
2428:Abdolreza Shahlaei
2403:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
2388:Mohammad Mosaddegh
2363:Amir Mirza Hekmati
2353:Mahmoud Reza Banki
2303:Erwin David Rabhan
2268:Howard Baskerville
2150:Oil Platforms case
2125:Public Law 113-100
1802:2008 Naval dispute
1703:Iranian Revolution
1569:Iran–Contra affair
1554:Bridgeton incident
1258:Pro-Israel America
943:The New York Times
831:2014-08-28 at the
786:2006-08-13 at the
769:The New York Times
763:2015-10-25 at the
747:, October 6, 2005.
744:The New York Times
737:2015-04-02 at the
713:2017-08-27 at the
688:2017-11-09 at the
626:The Jerusalem Post
619:2012-10-15 at the
583:The New York Times
576:2015-04-02 at the
552:2004-08-31 at the
528:2022-02-19 at the
147:Iran–Contra affair
138:The New York Times
2676:
2675:
2378:Mohammad Hosseini
2273:William J. Fallon
2193:Iran Action Group
2008:2024 Erbil attack
1814:Project Cassandra
1574:Operation Staunch
1461:Project Dark Gene
1301:
1300:
1124:Los Angeles Times
1099:The Seattle Times
1045:on March 14, 2014
1004:Los Angeles Times
586:, August 31, 2004
432:Los Angeles Times
112:officials in the
16:(Redirected from
2731:
2668:
2667:
2623:Iranzamin School
2613:Damavand College
2586:Alavi Foundation
2581:650 Fifth Avenue
2531:Dual containment
2526:Death to America
2438:Masoud Soleimani
2358:Haleh Esfandiari
2323:Michael R. White
2068:Trump travel ban
1872:Operation Merlin
1611:Yemeni Civil War
1606:Syrian civil war
1456:Exercise Delawar
1424:Persian Corridor
1356:Diplomatic posts
1350:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1176:Morris J. Amitay
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1107:
1106:
1103:Associated Press
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1041:. Archived from
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
914:. May 12, 1998.
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
846:
840:
824:Larry Franklin,
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
797:
791:
778:
772:
756:David Johnston,
754:
748:
730:Eric Lichtblau,
728:
722:
704:
698:
676:
670:
667:Jerusalem Report
663:
657:
656:
654:
648:. Archived from
647:
639:
630:
611:
605:
593:
587:
567:
561:
544:
538:
520:
511:
510:
508:
506:
486:
465:Jonathan Pollard
373:Jonathan Pollard
366:Raphael Danziger
223:Criminal charges
116:responsible for
65:policy director
21:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2679:
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2677:
2672:
2658:
2479:
2338:Saeid Aboutaleb
2318:Craig Wadsworth
2293:Stephen D. Mull
2283:Joseph Macmanus
2181:
2022:
1877:Charming Kitten
1839:RQ-170 incident
1807:Filipino Monkey
1753:Algiers Accords
1684:
1621:Abraham Accords
1532:
1526:U.S. withdrawal
1412:
1351:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1302:
1297:
1262:
1225:
1196:Isaiah L. Kenen
1191:Steven Grossman
1164:
1159:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1093:(May 6, 2009).
1088:
1084:
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1035:LewRockwell.com
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833:Wayback Machine
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537:, June 12, 2009
530:Wayback Machine
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440:Rosen interview
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362:Renee Rothstein
358:Richard Fishman
346:
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312:T.S. Ellis, III
292:
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225:
205:Kenneth Pollack
151:neoconservative
84:
75:T. S. Ellis III
35:
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2501:American Islam
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2263:Elliott Abrams
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1733:Canadian Caper
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1221:Larry Weinberg
1218:
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1206:Steve J. Rosen
1203:
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1114:External links
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1067:. 7 May 2009.
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885:. 2004-12-24.
870:
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837:Foreign Policy
817:
792:
773:
749:
723:
706:Jerry Markon,
699:
679:Pincus, Walter
671:
665:Edmund Black,
658:
655:on 2005-05-07.
631:
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106:Paul Wolfowitz
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18:Keith Weissman
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1846:Maersk Tigris
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1544:Iran–Iraq War
1542:
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1216:David Steiner
1214:
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974:Baltimore Sun
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681:(2006-02-17)
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627:
623:, N Guttman,
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531:
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284:
280:According to
278:
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2433:Ali Shakeri
2418:Trita Parsi
2383:Esha Momeni
2028:Legislation
1991:Seizure of
1466:Safari Club
1049:13 February
883:The Forward
404:Journalist
354:Howard Kohr
290:Guilty plea
165:war on Iraq
2683:Categories
2458:Xiyue Wang
2298:Jon Pattis
2278:Brian Hook
2226:Farashgard
1997:St Nikolas
1993:Suez Rajan
1169:Key people
1091:Mark Lavie
984:2022-06-04
893:2024-02-24
864:2024-02-24
854:Al Jazeera
811:2009-05-10
471:References
264:conspiracy
247:grand jury
176:Naor Gilon
82:Background
2646:Overthrow
2639:Bomb Iran
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2063:reactions
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1516:Criticism
1511:Reactions
1506:Framework
1417:Diplomacy
1211:Neal Sher
101:and then-
55:espionage
2670:Category
1862:Timeline
1844:MV
1713:Timeline
1564:Iran Ajr
1230:Activity
1181:Tom Dine
1069:Archived
1008:Archived
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912:BBC News
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617:Archived
599:Archived
596:Newsweek
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499:Archived
459:See also
419:al-Qaeda
406:Jim Lobe
250:indicted
193:Newsweek
185:Newsweek
110:Pentagon
88:CBS News
2484:Related
1882:Stuxnet
1267:Related
558:Reuters
505:June 7,
213:Clinton
156:of the
1014:4 June
953:4 June
922:May 7,
51:Israel
1075:7 May
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1867:P5+1
1077:2009
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