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recognition for his signature whistling sound and his impact on jazz has been recognized by jazz historians. Redefining the role of the tenor sax was only the first of Young's achievements. In this way, he profoundly changed jazz melodic improvisation, offering a counterpoint to
Armstrong's hot, syncopated style. His unique sound initially faced criticism, but in 1936, when Basie's band was established, Lester Young became a jazz star. His music with Basie, Holiday, and various small groups such as the Kansas City Seven is among the greatest and most consistent bodies of recorded work in jazz history (174 icons of music). On "Oh, Lady Be Good", Lester Young has a solo often imitated by later jazz generations. It is regarded as one of the most forward-thinking improvisations of the decade due to its fluidity, rhythmic phrasing, and creativity. The Count Basie band and Young were most commonly associated with Kansas City. The connection between Young's ideas, his music, and his jive can be clearly understood through the role of music and language in Afro-American culture. In the Southwest, a tradition of storytelling is as strong in music as it is in speech, according to bassist Gene Ramey of Kansas City. When he explained how Young dethroned Coleman Hawkins in a legendary tenor-saxophone battle at the cherry blossom, he noted that the Kansas City musician played more creatively.
307:: "If you want to see sin, forget about Paris and go to Kansas City". A variety of clubs and cabarets, dance halls, and jazz venues arose in Kansas City, including the Paseo Room, Pla-Mor Ballroom, Reno Club, Amos 'n' Andy, Boulevard Lounge, Cherry Blossom, Chocolate Bar, Lone Star, Elk's Rest, Old Kentucky Bar-B-Que, Sunset, Subway, Spinning Wheel, Hawaiian Gardens, Street's Blue Room, Hell's Kitchen, The Hi Hat, and the Hey-Hay. Kansas City became known for "small, intimate" clubs that hosted frequent, "long-lasting jam sessions". Becker said that Kansas City "drew its vitality from the political corruption which made nightlife possible". Kansas City's concentration of outstanding jazz talent had made it a potential competitor to New York and Chicago by the middle of the 1930s.
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breaking free, Parker was refined in the Kansas City jam sessions and never challenged his foundation. By pushing the boundaries of the traditional jazz style, he created an entirely new sound that became the foundation of modern jazz. Due to Parker's dubious musical reputation, Oliver Todd reluctantly allowed him to join his
Hottentots band: "I tried to take him under my wing. He was very green. If you had told me then that he would be famous I wouldn't have believed it. He had a lot to learn. He was very determined. He worked hard".
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various settings responding to musical challenges as a committed ensemble player, making choices that might serve others as well". Jo Jones, a member in Basie's band accounts: "It has to do with what I will try to explain to you about head arrangements in the Basie band and how we didn't have to rehearse back in Kansas City. It was just there, and we played it. Now it was a very strange thing in this city. Nobody ever got in nobody's way. No finger and say: 'You take it now. You take the next chorus'".
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success for jazz musicians. Many musicians from the
Southwest moved to Kansas City for its plentiful jobs. "Nightclubs in Kansas City served up prostitution, gambling, and narcotics along with liquor". The city hosted a vibrant jazz and blues music scene, attracting musicians from across the country. The city prominently shaped the development of jazz and blues and hosted some of the era's most pivotal musicians. Edward Murrow wrote in the
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359:. Most of the jazz musicians associated with the style were born in other places but got caught up in the friendly musical competitions among performers that could keep a single song being performed in variations for an entire night. Often members of the big bands would perform at regular venues earlier in the evening and go to the jazz clubs later to jam for the rest of the night.
402:, Stanley Crouch described Kansas City this way: “People came to guzzle the blues away, to chase the night long, to take the risk of leaving in a barrel as they laid bet after bet, and, as ever, there were those who came to involve themselves in the mercantile eroticism of the high to low courtesans”.
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Kansas City, like the rest of the country, experienced a similar change in listening habits as a result of vaudeville blues recordings in the early 1920s, and the Moten
Orchestra capitalized on the trend (289 rice). "The Bennie Moten Orchestra would eventually emerge in the 1920s as Kansas City's top
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As a member of Bennie Moten's Kansas City band in 1929, Count Basie honed his skills in traveling shows. However, the blues eventually became an even more influential source for Basie. "I had never paid much attention to the blues or played them myself. My first encounter with real blues was during a
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Parker was able to improvise, which allowed him to explore new melodies and harmonies creating a style that was inspired by traditional jazz but unique in its own right. Much has been made of the influence of the Kansas City tradition on modern jazz though
Charlie Parker helped bridge the two styles
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Born in Kansas City, Kansas, Charlie Parker learned about music by spending time in the alleyways behind nightclubs that lined
Twelfth Street. He was an influential jazz saxophonist and composer whose playing style impacted jazz. Like Louis Armstrong, who mastered his native New Orleans idiom before
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One of the most recognizable characteristics of Kansas City jazz is frequent, elaborate riffing by the different sections. Riffs were often created or improvised collectively, and took many forms: one section riffing alone as the main focus of the music; one section riffing behind a soloist, adding
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Extended soloing. Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom
Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions continued until later than sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique jazz culture in which the goal was to "say something" with one's instrument, rather than simply
296:. Kansas City was known for the organized musicians of the Local 627 A.F.M., which controlled a number of venues in the city. Almost every jazz history depicts Kansas City jazz as a fertile ground for the development of big bands, virtuosic performances, and legendary performers. In the 1920s was a
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According to Gray
Giddins, Basie "is the only major jazz figure to realize his individuality by paring down his technique" because he discovered his style through a search for identity. "From his first session with Bennie Moten to those with his own band in the late 1930s, Basie could be heard in
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In Kansas City, Missouri, Bennie Moten was born on
December 13, 1893, the beginning of the story of the 1923 recording session. During his first gigs, Moten played house rent parties and brothels operating from private homes, according to long-time Kansas City native Fred Hicks. Between 1916 and
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Tenor saxophonist Lester Young was a hero among writers and musicians. "Known as 'president' of the saxophone, he gained recognition for his musical genius while playing leading swing bands of the 1930s, including the 13 Original Blue Devils and the King Oliver and Count Basie bands". He gained
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from the south and the search for musical work in Kansas City, Missouri, where the Black population rose from 23,500 to 42,000 between 1912 and 1940. Russell, Diggs, and
Pearson have well documented how the vice district expanded within black neighborhoods of Kansas City, resulting in economic
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instrumental jazz ensemble". During 1924, the Moten Orchestra became the primary entertainers at Kansas City's elite black ballroom, the Paseo Dance Hall, at 15th Street and Paseo. Over the next two decades, the Moten band grew in success and prominence.
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in 2003: "You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say 'This cat, he sounds like he is from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast. They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up North and they knew it down South."
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So-called "head arrangements". The KC big bands often played by memory, composing and arranging the music collectively, rather than sight-reading as other big bands of the time did. This further contributed to the loose, spontaneous Kansas City
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of jazz that's not the only similarity of the two styles. The lineage of the Kansas City saxophone provides a direct connection to young Charlie Parker as a pioneering figure. For instance, in his award-winning book on Charlie Parker titled
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Kansas City in the 1930s was very much the crossroads of the United States, resulting in a mix of cultures. Transcontinental trips by plane or train often necessitated a stop in the city. The era marked the zenith of power of political boss
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1918, Moten began performing with the drummer Dude Langford. According to Langford, " I first met Bennie, he was playing around town, little old joints here, some of 'em just little fronts, a bar and a gambling room in the back".
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described the scene: "Kansas City was different from all other places because we'd be jamming all night. And you come up here playing the wrong thing, we'd straighten you out."
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A preference for a 4 feel (walking) over the 2-beat feel found in other jazz styles of the time. This gave Kansas City jazz a more relaxed, fluid sound than previous jazz styles.
319:, a white group which broadcast nationally in the 1920s. However, the Kansas City jazz school is identified with the black bands of the 1920s and 1930s, including those led by
476:" closely follows this Kansas City pattern of riffing sections, perhaps exemplifying how, by the late 1930s, the style had gone on to influence the larger musical world.
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Calkins, Caroll C.; Balaban, Priscilla B.; Kelleher, Mary; Latham, Frank B.; Conefrey, Rosemarie; Huber, Robert V.; Pace, Georgea A.; Woodward, Robert J., eds. (1975).
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show off one's technique. It was not uncommon for one "song" to be performed for several hours, with the best musicians often soloing for dozens of choruses at a time.
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discovered Count Basie on his car radio. Pendergast was convicted of income tax fraud in 1940 and the city cracked down on the clubs effectively ending the era.
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The success of Count Basie nationally and internationally led bookers, managers, and record producers to come to Kansas City in search of similar talent.
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excitement to the song; or two or more sections riffing in counterpoint, creating a rousing, complex sound. The Count Basie signature tunes "
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1521:. Chuck Haddix. Kansas City, Mo.: University of Missouri at Kansas City, University Libraries, Marr Sound Archives, 1991. Without ISBN
1456:. Expanding Frontiers: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
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https://search-ebscohost-com.ccis.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1900953&site=eds-live&scope=site
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https://search-ebscohost-com.ccis.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=143793&site=eds-live&scope=site
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https://search-ebscohost-com.ccis.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=365584&site=eds-live&scope=site
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was the most popular form of jazz music in the United States, often being played in popular venues and ballrooms.
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Nathan W. Pearson Jr., Political and Musical Forces That Influenced the Development of Kansas City Jazz. In:
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Kansas City is known as one of the most popular "cradles of jazz". Other cities include New Orleans,
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Rice, Marc. "Prelude to Swing: The 1920s Recordings of the Bennie Moten Orchestra"
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burlesque show I performed in after moving from New York City to Kansas City."
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1074:"JAZZ A Film By Ken Burns: Places Spaces & Changing Faces - Kansas City"
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Queering Kansas City Jazz: Gender, Performance, and the History of a Scene
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The first band from Kansas City to acquire a national reputation was the
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1514:(The History of Jazz, Vol. 2), New York: Oxford University Press, 1991
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836:"Prelude to Swing: The 1920s Recordings of the Bennie Moten Orchestra"
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Each year Kansas City celebrates Jazzoo, a charity fundraiser for the
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Kansas City jazz is distinguished by the following musical elements:
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1428:"KCMB Kansas City News: Jazzoo 2012 Charity Event Kansas City News"
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Tucker, Mark. “Count Basie and the Piano That Swings the Band.”
1473:. Music in American Life. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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The Jazz Revolution : Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz
1047:"Jay McShann, 90, Jazz Pianist, Bandleader and Vocalist, Dies"
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A heavy blues influence, with KC songs often based around a
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Rags to Be-bop: the Sounds of Kansas City Music, 1890-1945
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structure, rather than the 32-bar AABA standard (although
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In the 1930s, a hybrid style between Kansas City jazz and
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Williams, Martin. “Jazz: What Happened in Kansas City?”
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Daniels, Douglas Henry. “Lester Young: Master of Jive.”
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1535:. Urbana, Il.: University of Illinois Press, 1988,
904:Greer, Dave; Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2001).
890:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 16.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1566:, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1971,
1505:Icons of jazz: A history in photographs, 1900-2000
1491:Kansas City Jazz: From Ragtime to Bebop--A History
739:
355:and hours totally ignored, and was called the new
1512:The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 1930-1945
1121:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 152.
999:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 153.
740:Clifford-Napoleone, Amber R. (November 1, 2018).
724:
686:. Savvytraveler.publicradio.org. October 30, 1999
630:The Real Kansas City of the 20's, 30's & 40's
269:'s Kansas City Orchestra, and Kansas City native
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1137:"Count Basie and the Piano That Swings the Band"
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230:Kansas City jazz is popular in these cities.
1564:Jazz Style in Kansas City and the Southwest
1471:Bird : The Life and Music of Charlie Parker
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273:, who promoted the bebop style in America.
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888:Bird: The Life and Music of Charlie Parker
261:, bluesy transition style is bracketed by
1493:New York: Oxford University Press, 2006,
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317:Coon-Sanders Original Nighthawk Orchestra
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1462:Burns, Ken 1953-, and Geoffrey C. Ward.
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646:, The International Music Co. (2000) 2CD
351:. Kansas City was a wide open town with
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1104:Icons of jazz: A history in photographs
957:. Oxford University PressNew York, NY.
619:
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1466:. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
1349:Daniels, Douglas Henry (Autumn 1985).
1310:Daniels, Douglas Henry (Autumn 1985).
1271:Daniels, Douglas Henry (Autumn 1985).
1134:
1729:
1613:
1580:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1390:"Jazz: What Happened in Kansas City?"
1231:"Jazz: What Happened in Kansas City?"
1192:"Jazz: What Happened in Kansas City?"
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653:, Frémeaux & Associés (2005) 2CD
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1549:Vol. 9 (2), (1989), pp. 181–192
1528:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1430:. Kansas-city-news.pro. June 1, 2012
1045:Keepnews, Peter (December 9, 2006).
906:"Jazz: A History of America's Music"
899:
897:
833:
784:"Jazz: A History of America's Music"
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1452:Amber R. Clifford-Napoleone. 2018.
13:
1595:http://www.jstor.org/stable/853283
1464:Jazz: A history of America's music
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963:10.1093/oso/9780195074796.001.0001
14:
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3103:Album covers of Blue Note Records
1106:. Thunder Bay Press. p. 174.
894:
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1558:https://doi.org/10.2307/40071662
1388:Williams, Martin (Summer 1985).
1229:Williams, Martin (Summer 1985).
1190:Williams, Martin (Summer 1985).
624:Early jazz and swing era music:
25:
1605:https://doi.org/10.2307/3051634
1489:Frank Driggs and Chuck Haddix,
1485:https://doi.org/10.2307/3051473
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951:Ogren, Kathy J (June 4, 1992).
36:needs additional citations for
3183:Music of Kansas City, Missouri
2483:Institutions and organizations
1351:"Lester Young: Master of Jive"
1312:"Lester Young: Master of Jive"
1273:"Lester Young: Master of Jive"
944:
834:Rice, Marc (October 1, 2007).
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3178:Kansas City metropolitan area
2180:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz
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1547:Black Music Research Journal
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7:
353:prohibition era liquor laws
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1556:25, no. 3 (2007): 259–81.
1507:. Thunder Bay Press, 2000.
651:Kansas City Jazz 1924-1942
265:, who in 1929 signed with
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2509:See Template: Jazz theory
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1603:3, no. 2 (1985): 171–79.
1483:3, no. 3 (1985): 313–28.
1153:10.1017/S0261143000001926
743:Queering Kansas City Jazz
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639:, Topaz Jazz/Pearl (1996)
381:Claude "Fiddler" Williams
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1009:Driggs and Haddix, 2006
637:Jazz - Kansas City Style
632:, Columbia/Legacy (1996)
472:'s famous swing anthem "
456:is in this AABA format).
428:
1531:Nathan W. Pearson Jr.,
886:Chuck, Haddix. (2013).
466:Jumpin' at the Woodside
249:style to the much more
3193:History of Kansas City
1524:Kathy J. Ogren. 1992.
231:
1653:Kansas City, Missouri
1135:Tucker, Mark (1985).
1102:Gelly, David (2000).
706:"Musicians Local 627"
400:Kansas City Lightning
243:Kansas City, Missouri
229:
2897:Bibliography of jazz
2677:Continental European
1533:Goin' to Kansas City
1469:Chuck Haddix. 2013.
1028:The Story of America
620:Selected discography
45:improve this article
3138:Straight, No Chaser
2927:Straight-ahead jazz
2384:Winter & Winter
1833:French horn in jazz
1578:The History of Jazz
1119:The History of Jazz
1117:Gioia, Ted (2011).
996:The History of Jazz
993:Gioia, Ted (2011).
954:The Jazz Revolution
752:10.2307/j.ctv75d0j7
169:Typical instruments
16:Style of jazz music
3082:West African music
2907:British dance band
2697:European free jazz
2670:British dance band
2163:Musicians by genre
1943:Free improvisation
1510:Gunther Schuller,
1052:The New York Times
910:The Antioch Review
788:The Antioch Review
746:. UNP - Nebraska.
712:on August 27, 2018
684:"Kansas City Jazz"
644:The Cradle of Jazz
304:Omaha World-Herald
241:that developed in
232:
60:"Kansas City jazz"
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3038:New Orleans blues
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2402:Beaches (Toronto)
1813:Swing performance
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1593:5 (1985): 45–79.
1576:Ted Gioia. 2011.
1499:978-0-19-530712-2
1030:. United States:
972:978-0-19-507479-6
761:978-1-4962-1034-0
649:Various artists,
642:Various artists,
635:Various artists,
628:Various artists,
608:Mary Lou Williams
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131:Stylistic origins
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2922:Continental jazz
2815:Washington, D.C.
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2324:India Navigation
2022:Progressive jazz
1876:Avant-garde jazz
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1736:
1727:
1726:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1017:
1007:
1001:
1000:
990:
977:
976:
948:
942:
941:
901:
892:
891:
883:
872:
871:
852:10.2307/40071662
831:
820:
819:
794:(3): 631. 2001.
780:
774:
773:
737:
722:
721:
719:
717:
708:. Archived from
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
680:
553:Jimmie Lunceford
462:One O'Clock Jump
374:Associated Press
235:Kansas City jazz
215:Derivative forms
161:Cultural origins
126:Kansas City jazz
123:
122:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3158:Jazz portal
3150:
3143:
3124:The Jazz Singer
3091:
3070:Novelty ragtime
3001:
2881:
2865:
2844:
2824:
2778:
2745:
2636:
2581:
2536:Regional scenes
2531:
2466:
2388:
2314:Groove Merchant
2304:Flying Dutchman
2252:
2214:
2158:
2080:
2012:Orchestral jazz
1992:Mainstream jazz
1980:Afro-Cuban jazz
1862:
1771:Outline of jazz
1759:
1754:
1724:
1719:
1644:
1638:
1517:Haddix, Chuck.
1449:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1406:10.2307/3051634
1386:
1382:
1367:10.2307/3051473
1347:
1343:
1328:10.2307/3051473
1308:
1304:
1289:10.2307/3051473
1269:
1262:
1247:10.2307/3051634
1227:
1223:
1208:10.2307/3051634
1188:
1184:
1133:
1126:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1032:Reader's Digest
1024:
1020:
1008:
1004:
991:
980:
973:
949:
945:
922:10.2307/4614218
902:
895:
884:
875:
832:
823:
800:10.2307/4614218
782:
781:
777:
762:
738:
725:
715:
713:
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
682:
681:
677:
672:
664:Kansas City Zoo
660:
622:
617:
603:Claude Williams
513:Coleman Hawkins
483:
431:
313:
298:Great Migration
251:improvisational
210:
164:1920s and 1930s
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3163:
3162:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3131:Round Midnight
3127:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2861:Latin American
2858:
2852:
2850:
2849:South American
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:Baltimore jazz
2786:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2767:Latin American
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2750:North American
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:Percussionists
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2042:Spiritual jazz
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1764:General topics
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1601:American Music
1597:
1587:
1574:
1562:Ross Russell,
1560:
1554:American Music
1550:
1543:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1503:Gelly, David.
1501:
1487:
1481:American Music
1477:
1467:
1460:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1419:
1394:American Music
1380:
1355:American Music
1341:
1316:American Music
1302:
1283:(3): 313–328.
1277:American Music
1260:
1235:American Music
1221:
1202:(2): 174–175.
1196:American Music
1182:
1124:
1109:
1087:
1065:
1037:
1034:. p. 398.
1018:
1002:
978:
971:
943:
893:
873:
846:(3): 259–281.
840:American Music
821:
775:
760:
723:
697:
674:
673:
671:
668:
659:
656:
655:
654:
647:
640:
633:
621:
618:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Big Joe Turner
590:
585:
580:
578:Charlie Parker
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
548:Harlan Leonard
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
508:Herschel Evans
505:
500:
495:
493:Earl Caruthers
490:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
457:
446:
442:
438:
430:
427:
349:Tom Pendergast
329:Harlan Leonard
312:
309:
271:Charlie Parker
237:is a style of
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
132:
128:
127:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3210:
3199:
3198:American jazz
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3087:Western swing
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:New York City
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:Flamenco jazz
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:South African
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:Discographies
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Vibraphonists
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:Swing revival
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:Flamenco jazz
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:Women in jazz
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Jazz trombone
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:Jazz drumming
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:Improvisation
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Neighborhoods
1678:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:Popular Music
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:0-520-01853-2
1569:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:0-252-06438-0
1538:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Popular Music
1138:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1075:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1015:9780195307122
1012:
1006:
998:
997:
989:
987:
985:
983:
974:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
947:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
898:
889:
882:
880:
878:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
828:
826:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
779:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
711:
707:
701:
685:
679:
675:
667:
665:
652:
648:
645:
641:
638:
634:
631:
627:
626:
625:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
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101:December 2023
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34:This article
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3136:
3129:
3122:
3118:(miniseries)
3115:
3107:
3077:Sophisti-pop
2799:
2507:
2498:Jazz royalty
2488:Jazz funeral
2284:Contemporary
2175:Chamber jazz
2129:Saxophonists
2099:Clarinetists
2071:Third stream
1908:Chamber jazz
1808:Scat singing
1699:
1685:Architecture
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1447:Bibliography
1432:. Retrieved
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710:the original
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688:. Retrieved
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636:
629:
623:
613:Lester Young
563:Bennie Moten
518:Pete Johnson
498:Buck Clayton
470:Glenn Miller
450:12-bar blues
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388:John Hammond
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290:Philadelphia
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267:Bennie Moten
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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3188:Jazz genres
3060:Quiet storm
3023:Contradanza
2805:New Orleans
2800:Kansas City
2603:Jazz mugham
2598:Azerbaijani
2522:Second line
2517:Rare groove
2503:Jazz theory
2493:Jazz poetry
2478:Contrafacts
2462:Saint Lucia
2442:New Orleans
2374:Strata-East
2349:MPS Records
2279:Cobblestone
2200:Smooth jazz
2190:Jazz fusion
2134:Trombonists
2047:Sacred jazz
2032:Smooth jazz
1965:Jazz fusion
1848:Jazz violin
1828:Jazz guitar
1803:Jam session
1776:Jazz (word)
1641:Kansas City
598:Ben Webster
583:Sammy Price
573:Walter Page
558:Jay McShann
488:Count Basie
474:In the Mood
454:Moten Swing
370:Jay McShann
341:Jay McShann
337:Count Basie
263:Count Basie
257:. The hard-
201:double bass
3172:Categories
3045:Brass band
3033:Jump blues
2877:Ethno jazz
2840:Australian
2820:West Coast
2577:Zimbabwean
2417:Copenhagen
2339:Mainstream
2149:Violinists
2139:Trumpeters
2109:Guitarists
2017:Organ trio
2002:Modal jazz
1975:Latin jazz
1955:Gypsy jazz
1853:Vocal jazz
1838:Jazz piano
1658:Metro area
1400:(2): 173.
1361:(3): 319.
1322:(3): 317.
1241:(2): 176.
916:(3): 631.
716:August 26,
670:References
533:King Kolax
357:Storyville
311:Background
286:Pittsburgh
71:newspapers
3013:Acid jazz
2870:Worldwide
2856:Brazilian
2653:Bulgarian
2615:Indo jazz
2565:Cape jazz
2452:North Sea
2407:Cape Town
2394:Festivals
2369:Riverside
2344:Milestone
2269:Blue Note
2264:Bethlehem
2248:post-1950
2220:Standards
2205:Soul jazz
2154:Vocalists
2114:Organists
2086:Musicians
2076:Trad jazz
2037:Soul jazz
1960:Jazz-funk
1948:Punk jazz
1938:Free funk
1933:Free jazz
1928:Folk jazz
1918:Dixieland
1913:Cool jazz
1903:Cape jazz
1818:Jazz bass
1781:Jazz band
1710:Education
1705:Broadcast
1690:Fountains
1177:162450482
1161:0261-1430
1147:: 45–79.
930:0003-5769
860:0734-4392
808:0003-5769
770:194938463
538:Julia Lee
528:Andy Kirk
481:Musicians
372:told the
325:Andy Kirk
282:St. Louis
253:style of
186:saxophone
139:Dixieland
3018:Afrobeat
2932:Pre-1920
2917:Jazz Age
2833:Oceanian
2783:American
2757:Canadian
2641:European
2632:Japanese
2593:Armenian
2555:Malawian
2550:Ethiopia
2437:Montreux
2432:Montreal
2427:Monterey
2364:Prestige
2334:Landmark
2319:Impulse!
2299:ESP-Disk
2228:Pre-1920
2185:Hard bop
2124:Pianists
2104:Drummers
2094:Bassists
2027:Ska jazz
1970:Jazz rap
1896:Post-bop
1886:Hard bop
1786:Big band
1695:Barbecue
1668:timeline
1058:March 1,
868:40071662
523:Jo Jones
364:big band
259:swinging
247:big band
191:clarinet
147:big band
3065:Ragtime
3050:Exotica
3006:Related
2912:Ragtime
2890:History
2795:Chicago
2762:Haitian
2741:Swedish
2729:Spanish
2712:Italian
2665:British
2660:Belgian
2627:Iranian
2543:African
2471:Culture
2447:Newport
2422:Jakarta
2412:Chicago
2309:Freedom
2007:Nu jazz
1891:Neo-bop
1675:Economy
1663:History
1434:May 21,
1414:3051634
1375:3051473
1336:3051473
1297:3051473
1255:3051634
1216:3051634
1080:May 21,
938:4614218
816:4614218
690:May 21,
464:" and "
278:Chicago
196:trumpet
143:ragtime
85:scholar
2717:Polish
2707:German
2702:French
2687:Danish
2648:Balkan
2610:Indian
2570:Marabi
2527:Venues
2054:Stride
1997:Marabi
1987:M-Base
1868:Genres
1715:Sports
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658:Legacy
445:sound.
339:, and
292:, and
155:stride
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3096:Media
3055:Plugg
3028:Blues
2982:2010s
2977:2000s
2972:1990s
2967:1980s
2962:1970s
2957:1960s
2952:1950s
2947:1940s
2942:1930s
2937:1920s
2902:Blues
2772:Cuban
2692:Dutch
2620:Sitar
2586:Asian
2379:Verve
2243:1940s
2238:1930s
2233:1920s
2210:Swing
2170:Bebop
2059:Swing
1881:Bebop
1410:JSTOR
1371:JSTOR
1332:JSTOR
1293:JSTOR
1251:JSTOR
1212:JSTOR
1173:S2CID
1165:JSTOR
1076:. PBS
934:JSTOR
864:JSTOR
812:JSTOR
766:S2CID
429:Style
255:bebop
219:Bebop
206:drums
181:piano
176:Banjo
151:swing
135:Blues
92:JSTOR
78:books
3116:Jazz
3109:Bird
2997:2022
2992:2021
2987:2020
2722:Yass
2457:Pori
2359:Muse
2195:Scat
1796:Jazz
1757:Jazz
1700:Jazz
1643:area
1568:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1436:2014
1157:ISSN
1082:2014
1060:2023
1011:ISBN
967:ISBN
926:ISSN
856:ISSN
804:ISSN
756:ISBN
718:2018
692:2014
239:jazz
64:news
2354:MPS
2329:JMT
2294:ECM
2289:CTI
2274:BYG
1402:doi
1363:doi
1324:doi
1285:doi
1243:doi
1204:doi
1149:doi
959:doi
918:doi
848:doi
796:doi
748:doi
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