378:
465:
369:. When the Dutch abolished or curtailed those monarchies, the bupati were left as the most senior indigenous authority. They were not, strictly speaking, "native rulers" because the Dutch claimed full sovereignty over their territory, but in practice, they had many of the attributes of petty kings, including elaborate regalia and palaces and a high degree of impunity.
603:
Since 1998, a large portion of governance have been delegated from central government in
Jakarta to local regencies, with regencies now playing important role in providing services to Indonesian people. Direct elections for regents and mayors began in 2005, with the leaders previously being elected
599:
needed to be slowed (or even stopped for the time being), although local politicians at various levels across government in
Indonesia continue to express strong populist support for the continued creation of new regencies. Indeed, no further regencies or independent cities have been created since
591:
in 1998, key new decentralisation laws were passed in 1999. Subsequently, there was a jump in the number of regencies (and cities) from around 300 at the end of 1998 to 514 in 2014 sixteen years later. This secession of new regencies, welcome at first, has become increasingly controversial within
455:
Regencies as we know them today were first created
January 28, 1892, when the Dutch East Indies government established the Landarchief. The first landarchivasis was confirmed the next day and lasted until 1905. Officially, Indonesia's current regencies were established with the proclamation of
1095:
1289:
1138:
776:[Republic of Indonesia Law Number 21 of Year 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province] (Law Number 21). LN (in Indonesian). Vol. 135. Indonesia (published 2001). 21 November 2001. ch. 1 § 1.k.
1282:
507:
on Java, the regents held higher protocollary rank than the assistant-resident who supposedly advised them and held day-to-day sway over the population. After the independence of
Indonesia in 1945, the terms
1275:
790:[Republic of Indonesia Law Number 23 of Year 2014 concerning Regional Government] (Law Number 23). LN (in Indonesian). Vol. 244. Indonesia (published 2014). 2 October 2014. ch. 1 § 1.24.
249:
492:
had to follow Dutch instructions on any matter of concern to the colonial authorities. Like the current system of government in
Indonesia, the system of historical times is still in effect.
1000:
Kembali ke jatidiri bangsa: Sumpah Pemuda
Indonesia, Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Pancasila, dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : sejarah, filsafat, dan refleksi pemikiran kebangsaan
1146:
1411:
242:
600:
2014. However, a paper on fiscal decentralization and regional income inequality in 2019 argued that that fiscal decentralization reduces regional income inequality.
1109:
75:
235:
1486:
1496:
1196:
535:. The inscription is estimated to be from the end of the 7th century AD, Indonesia inscription expert Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis translated
486:(and indeed they had such a relationship with the native rulers who continued to prevail in much of Indonesia outside Java), but in practice the
326:). The average area of Indonesian regencies is about 4,578.29 km (1,767.69 sq mi), with an average population of 670,958 people.
71:
1245:
1216:
1025:
79:
1069:
1578:
1356:
377:
141:
1602:
1366:
649:
441:
125:
1341:
137:
114:
863:
480:
headed by exclusively
European residents. This term hinted that the residents had a quasi-diplomatic status in relation to the
1052:
998:
802:
1501:
1346:
133:
67:
1267:
1079:
1035:
1008:
954:
944:
907:
897:
880:
846:
836:
819:
1232:
pushed to have district chiefs, mayors and governors indirectly voted in by local parliaments, as they were in 2005.
1160:
Siburian, Matondang Elsa (2020). "Fiscal decentralization and regional income inequality: evidence from
Indonesia".
924:
129:
1597:
592:
Indonesia because the administrative fragmentation has proved costly and has not brought the hoped-for benefits.
677:
583:
in 1998 a remarkable secession of regency governments has arisen in
Indonesia. The process has become known as
587:(division). Following the surge of support for decentralisation across Indonesia which occurred following the
1456:
1424:
1419:
723:
1561:
1429:
323:
1546:
1566:
1541:
1471:
1361:
504:
1139:"Strategic Asia: When it comes to Regional Autonomy in Indonesia, Breaking Up Should be Harder to Do'"
1551:
787:
773:
659:
38:
17:
1524:
1311:
682:
654:
500:
291:
104:
1556:
1531:
1441:
1406:
1389:
1316:
1299:
429:
279:
1506:
774:
Undang-Undang
Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua
742:
672:
299:
287:
156:
52:
1481:
1461:
1351:
687:
189:
1466:
1451:
1096:"Prasasti Ligor, Jejak Historis Raja Jawa di Semenanjung Melayu pada Abad Kedelapan Masehi"
702:
8:
1401:
1381:
556:
428:
title for regional rulers in precolonial kingdoms, its first recorded usage being in the
267:
1297:
520:
were applied throughout the archipelago to the administrative unit below the residency (
1519:
1511:
1394:
1177:
697:
692:
637:
444:
to Sriwijaya's kings. Related titles which were also used in precolonial Indonesia are
311:
1476:
1446:
1376:
1181:
1075:
1031:
1004:
950:
903:
842:
612:
As of 2020, there are 416 regencies in Indonesia, and 98 cities. 120 of these are in
552:
496:
425:
330:
882:
Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kebangkitan nasional dan masa akhir Hindia Belanda
595:
Senior levels of the administration expressed a general feeling that the process of
1371:
1336:
1324:
1169:
1123:
738:
588:
580:
464:
1173:
1110:"Kerajaan Sriwijaya: Letak, Raja-raja, Masa Kejayaan, dan Peninggalan Halaman all"
1436:
971:
Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th Century A.D.
741:. "District" to refer to regencies is incorrect as "districts" legally refers to
804:
Departemen Dalam Negeri, tugas, fungsi dan peranannya dalam pemerintah di Daerah
1491:
1202:
633:
350:
222:
788:
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah
571:
was used to refer to the king of Srivijaya Hujunglangit in the 9th century AD
495:
The relationship between those sides was ambivalent: while legal and military
1591:
621:
737:
Example of this incorrect usage is in machine translation services such as
664:
215:
926:
Perkembangan fungsi dan struktur pamong praja ditinjau dari segi sejarah
821:
Perkembangan fungsi dan struktur pamong praja ditinjau dari segi sejarah
625:
531:
and contains a worship of the king of Srivijaya, there may be the word
567:. this inscription was identified in 775 AD 7th century AD, the term
528:
433:
283:
983:
527:
In the Telaga Batu inscription, which was found in the village near
629:
560:
399:
865:
Sejarah Kebudayaan Bali: Kajian Perkembangan dan Dampak Pariwisata
1329:
800:
613:
669:
Other similar administrative divisions found outside Indonesia:
499:
rested with the Dutch government (or, for a long time, with the
1536:
476:
Regencies in Java territorial units were grouped together into
469:
340:
841:(in Indonesian). Penerbitan Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta.
1054:
Bupati di Priangan: dan kajian lainnya mengenai budaya Sunda
838:
Sejarah birokrasi pemerintahan Indonesia dahulu dan sekarang
365:
had been regional lords under the precolonial monarchies of
862:
Raharjo, Supratikno; Munandar, Agus Aris (1 January 1998).
617:
366:
1027:
Kepemimpinan Pemerintahan Indonesia: Teori dan Prakteknya
973:, Dinas Purbakala Republik Indonesia, Bandung: Masa Baru.
885:(in Indonesian). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
440:is mentioned among the titles of local rulers who
1074:(in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
1050:
563:. In the 17th century, Europeans called the area
1589:
922:
868:(in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
817:
515:
509:
487:
481:
419:
393:
360:
334:
861:
381:Portrait of a Javanese regent in gala uniform (
354:
1283:
243:
1246:"Jumlah Kabupaten dan Provinsi di Indonesia"
878:
456:Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945.
1579:List of administrative divisions by country
344:
1290:
1276:
1136:
801:Indonesia Departemen Dalam Negeri (1985).
459:
359:in Javanese and subsequently Indonesian).
329:The English name "regency" comes from the
274:), sometimes incorrectly referred to as a
250:
236:
1023:
807:(in Indonesian). Departemen Dalam Negeri.
650:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
1577:Country spanning more than one continent
1159:
1067:
942:
923:Koesoemahatmadja, Djenal Hoesen (1978).
902:(in Indonesian). Humaniora Utama Press.
818:Koesoemahatmadja, Djenal Hoesen (1978).
463:
376:
1244:Putri, Arum Sutrisni (8 January 2020).
1003:(in Indonesian). Millennium Publisher.
834:
14:
1590:
899:Tradisi dan transformasi sejarah Sunda
879:Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened (1975).
1271:
1243:
1217:"Indonesia Scraps Regional Elections"
996:
938:
936:
895:
402:, a shortening of the Sanskrit title
1214:
1194:
452:('lord of the army' or 'general').
1057:(in Indonesian). Pusat Studi Sunda.
418:'lord of the land'). In Indonesia,
33:This article is part of a series on
24:
949:(in Indonesian). Wahana Resolusi.
933:
27:Indonesian administrative division
25:
1614:
1215:Kwok, Yenni (26 September 2014).
1137:Sitomorang, Yosua (9 June 2010).
574:
1603:Types of administrative division
943:Setiawan, Irfan (29 June 2018).
1237:
1208:
1195:Hill, Hal (18 September 2013),
1188:
1153:
1130:
1116:
1102:
1088:
1061:
1044:
1024:Adiwilaga, Rendy (1 May 2018).
1017:
990:
976:
963:
916:
889:
604:by local legislative councils.
333:, when regencies were ruled by
872:
855:
828:
811:
794:
780:
766:
731:
717:
678:Ceremonial counties of England
503:) under a Governor General in
398:is originally a loanword from
298:). Regencies are divided into
13:
1:
1174:10.1080/13504851.2019.1683139
759:
607:
382:
946:Handbook Pemerintahan Daerah
896:Lubis, Nina Herlina (2000).
372:
324:Special Region of Yogyakarta
7:
643:
290:and on the same level with
10:
1619:
1124:"Prasasti Hujung Langit -"
1071:Ragam Pusaka Budaya Banten
1051:Pusat Studi Sunda (2004).
1575:
1307:
1298:Articles on second-level
1162:Applied Economics Letters
660:Subdivisions of Indonesia
555:, which was found in the
424:was originally used as a
39:Subdivisions of Indonesia
1542:Timor-Leste (East Timor)
1300:administrative divisions
1198:Power shift in Indonesia
969:Casparis, J.G., (1956),
929:(in Indonesian). Alumni.
824:(in Indonesian). Alumni.
710:
683:Municipalities of Mexico
655:City status in Indonesia
501:Dutch East India Company
468:Sosroningrat, Regent of
392:The Indonesian title of
835:Suwarno, P. J. (1989).
579:Since the start of the
460:Pre-independence period
430:Telaga Batu inscription
410:भूमि '(of the) land' +
280:administrative division
190:Rural or urban villages
142:regencies by population
1598:Regencies of Indonesia
1068:Hatmadji, Tri (2007).
673:County (United States)
516:
510:
488:
482:
473:
420:
394:
389:
361:
355:
345:
335:
271:
1149:on 28 September 2012.
688:Departments of France
551:is also found in the
467:
432:, which dates to the
380:
331:Dutch colonial period
997:Pakan, Djon (2002).
703:Districts of Germany
547:in Dutch), the word
343:) and were known as
138:cities by population
1098:. 30 December 2020.
557:Nakhon Si Thammarat
286:, directly under a
1302:of Asian countries
1126:. 7 February 2022.
698:Provinces of Italy
693:Provinces of Spain
474:
414:पति 'lord', hence
390:
1585:
1584:
1143:The Jakarta Globe
1030:(in Indonesian).
553:Ligor inscription
436:period, in which
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
1610:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1145:. Archived from
1134:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1021:
1015:
1014:
994:
988:
987:
980:
974:
967:
961:
960:
940:
931:
930:
920:
914:
913:
893:
887:
886:
876:
870:
869:
859:
853:
852:
832:
826:
825:
815:
809:
808:
798:
792:
791:
784:
778:
777:
770:
753:
739:Google Translate
735:
729:
721:
589:fall of Soeharto
519:
513:
491:
485:
423:
397:
387:
384:
364:
358:
348:
338:
252:
245:
238:
134:regencies by GDP
30:
29:
21:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1525:provincial city
1303:
1296:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1252:(in Indonesian)
1242:
1238:
1225:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1193:
1189:
1158:
1154:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1011:
995:
991:
982:
981:
977:
968:
964:
957:
941:
934:
921:
917:
910:
894:
890:
877:
873:
860:
856:
849:
833:
829:
816:
812:
799:
795:
786:
785:
781:
772:
771:
767:
762:
757:
756:
743:what is called
736:
732:
722:
718:
713:
646:
610:
577:
462:
442:paid allegiance
385:
375:
256:
61:daerah istimewa
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1236:
1207:
1203:The Australian
1187:
1168:(17): 1383–6.
1152:
1129:
1115:
1112:. 30 May 2021.
1101:
1087:
1080:
1060:
1043:
1036:
1016:
1009:
989:
975:
962:
955:
932:
915:
908:
888:
871:
854:
847:
827:
810:
793:
779:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
730:
715:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
667:
662:
657:
652:
645:
642:
609:
606:
576:
575:Recent history
573:
539:with the term
461:
458:
374:
371:
258:
257:
255:
254:
247:
240:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
223:Rukun tetangga
219:
209:
208:
204:
203:
193:
192:
184:
183:
179:
178:
160:
159:
151:
150:
146:
145:
123:
122:
112:
102:
89:
88:
84:
83:
72:GRP per capita
65:
64:
47:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:subprefecture
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1083:
1081:9789799932402
1077:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1037:9786024751227
1033:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1010:9789799437525
1006:
1002:
1001:
993:
985:
979:
972:
966:
958:
956:9786025775185
952:
948:
947:
939:
937:
928:
927:
919:
911:
909:9789799231338
905:
901:
900:
892:
884:
883:
875:
867:
866:
858:
850:
848:9789798109010
844:
840:
839:
831:
823:
822:
814:
806:
805:
797:
789:
783:
775:
769:
765:
752:
751:in Indonesian
750:
746:
740:
734:
728:
725:
720:
716:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:Nusa Tenggara
619:
615:
605:
601:
598:
593:
590:
586:
582:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
518:
512:
506:
502:
498:
493:
490:
484:
479:
471:
466:
457:
453:
451:
448:('duke') and
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
379:
370:
368:
363:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
253:
248:
246:
241:
239:
234:
233:
231:
230:
225:
224:
220:
218:
217:
213:
212:
211:
210:
206:
205:
201:
197:
191:
188:
187:
186:
185:
181:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
148:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:cities by GDP
127:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:
86:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1552:Turkmenistan
1502:Saudi Arabia
1416:South Korea
1330:municipality
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:
1231:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1197:
1190:
1165:
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1155:
1147:the original
1142:
1132:
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1104:
1090:
1070:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1026:
1019:
999:
992:
978:
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965:
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918:
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864:
857:
837:
830:
820:
813:
803:
796:
782:
768:
748:
744:
733:
726:
724:Old spelling
719:
665:Regency seat
636:, and 40 in
632:, 17 are in
628:, 70 are in
624:, 47 are in
620:, 37 are in
616:, 85 are in
611:
602:
596:
594:
584:
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568:
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559:province of
548:
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312:Papua region
307:
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295:
275:
263:
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174:
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166:
162:
119:metropolitan
118:
115:Metropolitan
108:
98:
94:
80:poverty rate
60:
56:
1487:Philippines
1412:North Korea
1312:Afghanistan
522:karesidenan
478:residencies
386: 1900
346:regentschap
216:Rukun warga
1592:Categories
1557:Uzbekistan
1532:Tajikistan
1442:Kyrgyzstan
1407:Kazakhstan
1317:Bangladesh
1250:KOMPAS.com
760:References
727:keboepatén
626:Kalimantan
608:Statistics
581:Reform Era
416:bhumi-pati
404:bhumi-pati
268:Indonesian
1507:Sri Lanka
1367:Indonesia
1182:211438210
984:"Sejarah"
745:kecamatan
597:pemekaran
585:pemekaran
529:Palembang
517:kabupaten
472:1881–1905
434:Srivijaya
373:Etymology
356:kabupaten
320:Kemantren
316:Kapanewon
304:Kecamatan
300:districts
284:Indonesia
272:kabupaten
200:kelurahan
175:kemantren
171:kapanewon
163:kecamatan
157:Districts
126:full list
99:kabupaten
95:Regencies
53:Provinces
18:Kabupaten
1537:Thailand
1482:Pakistan
1462:Mongolia
1457:Malaysia
1430:district
1395:district
1342:Cambodia
644:See also
630:Sulawesi
561:Thailand
450:senapati
426:Javanese
400:Sanskrit
288:province
278:, is an
276:district
57:provinsi
1562:Vietnam
1516:Taiwan
1467:Myanmar
1452:Lebanon
1357:Georgia
1321:Bhutan
1256:14 July
749:distrik
614:Sumatra
569:bhupati
549:bhupati
537:bhupati
533:bhupati
505:Batavia
446:adipati
438:bhupati
341:regents
322:in the
308:Distrik
264:regency
182:Level 4
167:distrik
149:Level 3
87:Level 2
45:Level 1
1547:Turkey
1520:county
1497:Russia
1437:Kuwait
1425:county
1402:Jordan
1386:Japan
1382:Israel
1337:Brunei
1180:
1078:
1034:
1007:
953:
906:
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634:Maluku
511:bupati
489:bupati
483:bupati
470:Jepara
421:bupati
395:bupati
362:Bupati
336:bupati
207:Others
105:Cities
1567:Yemen
1512:Syria
1492:Qatar
1472:Nepal
1362:India
1352:Egypt
1347:China
1325:block
1226:4 May
1178:S2CID
711:Notes
638:Papua
565:Ligor
545:hoofd
497:power
408:bhumi
351:Dutch
314:, or
173:, or
1477:Oman
1447:Laos
1420:city
1377:Iraq
1372:Iran
1258:2021
1228:2018
1221:Time
1076:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1005:ISBN
951:ISBN
904:ISBN
843:ISBN
618:Java
541:head
514:and
412:pati
367:Java
339:(or
318:and
296:kota
292:city
196:desa
109:kota
1170:doi
747:or
524:).
349:in
310:in
282:of
198:or
76:HDI
68:GDP
59:or
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