Jordan Valley - Knowledge

751: 1638: 1806:, authorities do not allow many Palestinian herding and agricultural communities access to the water or electricity grids, and tear down olive groves, donated solar panels, access roads to fields and waterlines which lack an Israeli warrant. Often the reason given concerns the 'protection of antiquities'. According to agricultural consultant Samir Muaddi, the Civil Administration helps Palestinian farmers and the Palestinian agriculture ministry market their produce in Israel and ensure its quality. Seminars are held on modern agriculture, exposing the farmers to Israeli and international innovations. 1445: 1247: 1196:

little resistance by the Israelis. These retreating units, as well as two brigades that were held in reserve in the Jordan Valley, formed defensive positions on the Jordanian side of the Jordan valley and deeper in Jordanian territory. The Jordanian valley features, namely the river and the high and steep escarpments contributed to the strength of this position. Coupled with Israeli reluctance to cross the 1948 British Mandate border in this sector, American diplomatic pressure, and needs on additional fronts the war ended with the sides opposing one another across the Jordan Valley.

1776: 1053: 1153: 362: 1830: 612: 1761: 196: 479: 707: 46: 1368: 413:, separated only by the political boundary of the Jordan River. The Jordanian (North Ghor) IBA on the eastern side covers some 6,000 ha, with the Israeli one covering 7,000 ha of the western side. Significant bird populations for which the IBAs were designated, including resident, wintering and passage migrant species, comprise the following: 1435:

pastoral communities, who roamed the arid plateau above the valley without regard to land ownership, into permanent communities particularly around the Jericho area. Israel has also enforced zoning rules, building permit requirements, natural reserves, and military firing zones in the territory which

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in the center of those two river courses. In regard to the West Bank, Annex I (a) provides that "This line is the administrative boundary between Jordan and the territory which came under Israeli military government control in 1967. Any treatment of this line shall be without prejudice to the status

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Nowadays the Jordan Valley still is an essential part of one of the main migration routes for birds in the world; within the region, it constitutes the Eastern Route which, together with the parallel Western Route and the Southern-Eilat Mountains Route, allow an estimated 500 million birds belonging

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While providing benefits elsewhere by utilization of fresh water, the combined result of both of these projects and subsequent management and usage, was to greatly reduce the flow of water through the Jordan valley. The flow rate of the Jordan River once was 1.3 billion cubic meters per year; as of

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in the Jordan Valley formed the Council of the Gush, a regional municipal framework responsible for liaison with the authorities of the British Mandate. In the 1940s, this economic, cultural, and security cooperation between the kibbutzim continued, and a regional school system was established. In

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and its 6,000 inhabitants were ordered to leave; most, however, returned to the village. The population of the Jordan Valley fled in disproportionate numbers compared to the rest of the West Bank. According to some estimates, the population of the Jericho sub-district which is in the Jordan Valley

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brigade invaded via Naharyim in an unsuccessful attempt to take Gesher. After the Tel Or village and the power plant were overrun by the Arab forces they were destroyed. To prevent Iraqi tanks from attacking Jewish villages in the Jordan Valley, the sluice gates of the Degania dam were opened. The

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with limited supply routes from the other side of the Jordan river, was collapsing due to lack of suitable supply and reinforcement routes most of the remaining Jordanian units able to retreat did so, crossing the Jordan river to Jordan proper and the remaining West Bank cities were captured with

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hostilities Israel controlled roughly the same territory of the Jordan Valley that it was allotted in the partition plan. Some Jewish settlements in the Jordanian controlled Jordan Valley were abandoned, while significantly more Arab residents fled mixed cities and Arab settlements as part of the

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From the beginning of the second truce on 18 July 1948 and until the end of hostilities with Jordan on 3 April 1949 and Syria on 20 July 1949 there were no further major military operations around the Jordan Valley, and contact lines remained static in this area. Unlike other areas, at the end of

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elected government that the prisoners would be released and the leaving of international wardens who were monitoring the incarceration. The prisoners put up a fight, and after a ten-hour siege, the prisoners surrendered and were arrested. A series of riots and kidnapping of foreigners ensued

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The effect of Black September on the Jordanian Jordan Valley population was severe as the valley had a relatively high fraction of Palestinian population and PLO bases and fighters. According to some estimates, half the buildings in the Jordanian side of the Jordan Valley were razed and the

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The Jordan Valley is several degrees warmer than adjacent areas, and its year-round agricultural climate, fertile soils and water supply made it a site for agriculture dating to about 10,000 years ago. By about 3000 BCE, produce from the valley was being exported to neighboring regions.

1799:), which runs down the east bank of the Jordan Valley for 69 kilometers, has brought new areas under irrigation. The introduction of portable greenhouses has brought about a sevenfold increase in productivity, allowing Jordan to export large amounts of fruit and vegetables year-round. 2547:., p. 81: 'Extraordinary news from Tiberias. The whole Arab population has fled. Last night the Haganah blew up the Arab bands' headquarters there; this morning the Jews woke up to see a panic flight in progress. By tonight not one of the 6,000 Arabs remained.' (19 April). 213:

According to the definition used in this article, what is elsewhere sometimes termed the Upper Jordan Valley is not considered part of the Jordan Valley. The Upper Jordan Valley comprises the Jordan River sources and the course of the Jordan River through the

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under British Administration. The Jordan river, in the middle of the Jordan valley, was the border between these two entities. This agreement split the Jordan valley, which during Ottoman times was under a single administration, to two distinct entities.

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In Palestinian enclaves and refugee camps in Jordan, the Jordanian Police and army were losing their authority. Uniformed PLO militants openly carried weapons, set up checkpoints, and attempted to extort "taxes". During the November 1968 negotiations, a

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of 1994, which establishes an "administrative boundary" between Jordan and the West Bank, occupied by Israel since 1967, without prejudice to the status of that territory. Israel has allocated 86% of the land, in the West Bank portion of the valley, to

247:), includes the Jordan River segment south of the Sea of Galilee which ends at the Dead Sea. Several degrees warmer than adjacent areas, its year-round agricultural climate, fertile soils and water supply have made the Ghor a key agricultural area. 1210:

During and following the Six-Day War, many Palestinians, who at the time had Jordanian citizenship, fled the West Bank to Jordan due to choice, fear, and in some cases being forced to do so. In the Jordan valley the majority of the inhabitants of

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command, which were repulsed after some initial successes as a result of Jordanian air force strikes. After a protracted campaign, lasting 10 months, and claiming more than 3,400 Palestinian deaths the king reasserted Jordanian sovereignty.

1753:(same translation), which consists of Israeli settlements built after 1967. The Bik'at HaYarden settlements are located in the West Bank between the pre-1967 borders and Jericho in the south. Settlements near the Dead Sea are part of the 505:, until 1918. The Ottoman internal administrative divisions varied throughout the period with the Jordan river being at times a provincial border, and at times not. However the valley was contained within the group of provinces termed 878:

in April 1948 a strategic settlement located on the route to the valley was successfully defended by Jewish forces, and Arab positions surrounding it were captured in a counter-attack. The Jewish supply route to the Jordan Valley and

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the northern portion of the western side of the valley would have been assigned to the Jewish state, and the southern portion to an Arab state. However hostilities between the Arabs and Jews commenced soon after the UN resolution as

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in which the Ottoman territory of the Levant, which divided the yet undefeated Ottoman regions of the Levant between France and Britain. Under the agreement, the Jordan valley would be entirely within the British sphere of control.

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living in the part of the valley that lies in the West Bank. As of 2009, the number of Palestinians remaining in this area was approximately 58,000, living in about twenty permanent communities, mostly concentrated in the city of

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telling the parents: "a crime that is a shame for all of us. I feel as if I have lost a child of my own. If there is any purpose in life it will be to make sure that all the children no longer suffer the way our generation did."

273:, the valley's Jordanian side was home to about 60,000 people largely engaged in agriculture and pastoralism. By 1971, the Valley's Jordanian population had declined to 5,000 as a result of the 1967 war and the 1970–71 " 1332:

Even though Jordan was Western aligned, and was invaded by Syrian forces just three years prior, the Jordanian government decided to intervene in the 1973 conflict a week after the beginning of hostilities, sending an

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sees the actions by the Israeli government as a part of a policy aimed at de facto annexing the Jordan Valley. The Bedouin, who erect structures illegally per the Israeli view, have received material aid from the

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by a Jordanian medical team. Therefore, a five-member military tribunal sentenced him to only 20 years in prison. Daqamseh expressed pride for his actions, and he was later called a "hero" by Jordanian politician

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The Israeli-Jordanian contact line, the main portion being the Jordanian valley, remained quiet during the war. Israel and Jordan did however deploy units in a defensive posture on each side of the Jordan valley.

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when reaching the Dead Sea. Due to meandering, the length of the river itself is 220 km (140 mi). This is the valley with the lowest elevation in the world, beginning at −212 m (−696 ft) below

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200 species to fly across Israel twice a year - in spring from here or from Africa towards their breeding places in Asia and Europe, and in autumn on the way back to their winter home in the Levant or in Africa.

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resulting in approximately 300 deaths. Between February and June 1970, about a thousand people died in Jordan due to the conflict. In September 1970; following failed assassination attempts of the king, and the

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countries—Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Though the plan was rejected by the Arab League, both Israel and Jordan undertook to abide by their allocations under the plan. The US provided funding for Israel's

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of Jordan personally apologized for the incident, traveling to Israel to visit and pay respects to the grieving families of the seven murdered girls during the traditional Jewish mourning ceremony known as

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In the aftermath of the war, a Palestinian Arab state was not formed in the West Bank, and the Jordanians retained control of both sides of the Jordan Valley along the West Bank – Jordan border due to the

1395:, the geographic defensive barrier created by the Jordan valley, and the demographic realities (lack of a significant Arab population in the valley that would impact the overall demographics of Israel). 285:. Investments by the Jordanian government in the region allowed the population to rebound to over 85,000 by 1979. 80% of the farms in the Jordanian part of the valley are family farms no larger than 30 1549:

Ahmed Daqamseh, who stated that he attacked because he was insulted and angered that the girls were whistling and clapping while he was praying. He killed seven schoolgirls, and injured six others.

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Following commencement of hostilities of the Six-Day War on 5 June 1967, initial hostilities between Israel and Jordan were mainly around the line of contact between Israel and Jordan and around

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Throughout the entire war, Jordanian Arab Legion forces as well as Iraqi military forces crossed the Jordan valley to support the Arab effort in the central sector, the current West Bank.

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which would have diverted two of the three sources of the Jordan river. Israel's destruction, via airstrikes, of the diversion project in April 1967 was one of the events leading to the

914:. The power plant workers and their families without a Jordanian ID card evacuated into Mandatory Palestine. On 15 May 1948, the day hostilities formally commenced with Arab states, an 874:. The Arab population of Tiberias (6,000 residents or 47.5% of the population) was evacuated under British military protection on 18 April 1948 following clashes in the mixed city. The 1692: 1671:

section of the Jordan valley and the north Dead Sea. The long-standing Palestinian view is and has been that the entire West Bank, including the Jordan Valley, should be Palestinian.

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in 1994. Jericho, which is disconnected from the rest of the West Bank, and is far from the Israeli hinterland, was viewed as a suitable location for nascent Palestinian self-rule.

1345:. However, declassified documents show this was a token participation to preserve King Hussein's status in the Arab world, and that some tacit understandings were made with Israel. 132:", with a width averaging 10 km (6.2 mi) with some points narrowing to 4 km (2.5 mi) over most of the course, before widening out to a 20 km (12 mi) 3425: 1717:

declared that the Israeli government had newly seized 10 km of land in the West Bank; this included parts of the Jordan Valley, as well as land between the Israeli settlements

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Jesus' traditional baptism site has attracted pilgrims throughout history. During the last four decades pilgrimage facilities have been created at three different sites. With

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In the context of pre-state Zionist and later Israeli settlement, "Jordan Valley" means the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee and the first kilometres of the valley towards

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has its own medieval traditions. Both sites were off-limits between 1967 and the 2000s, first due to the conflict between Israel and Jordan and then due to the Palestinian

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area decreased from around 79,407 in May 1967 to 10,800 in the September 1967 census or 83% compared to an estimate of 850,343 to 661,757 or 23% for the entire West Bank.

3379: 3349: 1817:. It flows down into the Sea of Galilee, 212 meters below sea level, and then drains into the Dead Sea. South of the Dead Sea, the Jordan Valley turns into the hot, dry 1609:, it was not a major area of operations by either side. The Jericho casino was shut shortly after the beginning of the Intifada, and has not since returned to business. 682:

Following the division, the concept of an east and west bank of the Jordan, as separate territorial units took hold. As a political example to this new reality, in 1929

1795:. Modern methods of farming have vastly expanded the agricultural output of the area. The construction of the East Ghor Canal by Jordan in the 1950s (now known as the 1297:

in which 4 planes were hijacked and landed at a desert airstrip in Jordan; the Jordanian king ordered the army to attack and expel Palestinian militants, and declared

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rush of water, which deepened the Jordan river, was instrumental in blocking the Iraqi-Jordanian incursion. On 20 May 1948, after a failure to reach an agreement with

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Salameh, Elias. "Sources of water salinities in the Jordan Valley Area/Jordan." Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica 29.6/7 (2002): Introduction on page 330 (2 in PDF)

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were abandoned due to their isolation amidst Arab settlements. The residents and fighters of the villages evacuated via boat over the Dead Sea to the Israeli post at

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Jordan has the historically oldest site, with archaeological finds from the earliest periods of Christian worship. Across the river, on the West Bank side,

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lines, to reflect both the shifting river course and historical claims, and also settled on-going water disputed and instituted a water sharing agreement.

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This agreement, however, was not adhered to, and clashes grew between the Jordanian army and Palestinian militants. In February 1970 fighting broke out in

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in particular. Following heavy fighting in Jerusalem, the city was captured on 7 June. The Israeli Harel Brigade advanced on the Jordan Valley and Israeli

3471: 1695:. Some settler groups have claimed that the EU's ambassador is working to "establish a terror state", with housing aid to Bedouin along strategic routes. 3510: 3079: 1563:. King Hussein's visit to the parents of the victims was broadcast live in Israel and Jordan. During the visit, in which King Hussein stood alongside 2658:

The UNRWA commissioned a plan for the development of the Jordan River; this became widely known as "The Johnston plan". The plan was modelled on the

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and the British, who directly controlled the area west of the valley, chose to avoid any definite connection between the two areas. Following the

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Following the end of the Second Intifada, the Palestinian government has attempted to gain control over additional areas and in particular the

1301:. Syria attempted to aid the Palestinian cause in Jordan by sending significant military forces across the border, though nominally under the 3410: 1629:. Reports from the scene said 50 jeeps, three tanks, and an armored bulldozer pushed into Jericho, and two helicopters were flying overhead. 1097:

after receiving assurances from Israel that it would continue to abide by the plan's allocations. Similar funding was provided for Jordan's

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Israeli enforcement of zoning rules, building permits, natural reserves, and firing zones in the Jordan valley, the adjoining area east of

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In 1998, a $ 150 million casino-hotel was built in Jericho with the backing of Yasser Arafat. The casino closed subsequently during the

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of Israel with Jordan, intending to annex it or keep deployment of Israeli forces in the valley. An early example of this view was the

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Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, The: A Political, Social, and Military History: A Political, Social, and Military History

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was granted a 70-year concession for the construction of hydroelectric plants along the Jordan River; the only plant built was the

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in 2013 in which MPs alleged that he had finished his sentence. He was released on 12 March 2017 after he finished his sentence.

1131: 719: 634:, as well as a power vacuum following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire led to a series of diplomatic conferences and treaties ( 580: 2879: 2756:

Laurie A. Brand (1991) Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and the Search for State Columbia University Press,

2558: 646:) which convened with continued armed struggle between the great powers, their proxies, and Arab elements that were part of the 3346: 3142:

Abu Toameh, Khaled (19 February 2006). HAMAS TO BAR JERICHO CASINO REOPENING. Jerusalem Post, 19 February 2006. Retrieved from

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1975–1999: construction of 18 additional settlements, which further reinforces the two settlement lines in the previous phases.

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1949, the Jordan Valley Regional Council was formed, becoming the model for regional councils throughout Israel. It is called

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Ammonnews (4 April 2013). House majority call for release of ex-Jordanian soldier. Ammon News, 4 April 2013. Retrieved from

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which ended in the destruction of the PLO base, deaths on both sides, destruction of property, and an Israeli withdrawal.

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was completed in stages between 1961 and 1966, and likewise diverts a significant amount of water from the Jordan river.

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Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present

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Concurrently, on 14 May Syrian forces began attacking via the Syrian-Mandate border in a series of engagement called

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This article is about the physical and human geography of the lower Jordan Valley. For the upper Jordan Valley, see

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were placed in the valley to protect the eastern flank of the British forces facing Ottoman forces in the hills of

1678:, the south Hebron hills and elsewhere, have become an issue covered by activists and human-rights organizations. 365:

The Sea of Galilee. At its southern tip (right side) the Jordan River exits the lake and enters the Jordan Valley.

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The valley, in the common, narrow sense, is a long and narrow trough, 105 km (65 mi) long if measured "

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captured by the time a second truce took effect at 19:00 18 July, the whole Lower Galilee from Haifa Bay to the

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periods, the Levantine corridor, of which the Jordan Valley is one part, was more important for bi-directional

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and communities in the greater Jericho area in the south of the valley. Of these, approximately 10,000 live in

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South of the Dead Sea, the continuation of the larger Jordan Rift Valley contains the hot, dry area known as

2978: 3535: 1294: 789: 573: 569: 101:. Unlike most other river valleys, the term "Jordan Valley" often applies just to the lower course of the 3515: 3463: 3143: 2363: 854:. The Jewish settlements in the Jordan valley were particularly disconnected from the rest of the Jewish 742:, was founded in the vicinity of the power plant. The plant remained in operation until the war of 1948. 349:

contains 21 settlements with a total of 4,200 residents as of 2014, and the independent municipality of

3565: 3555: 3530: 2979:"Walls going up in Jericho - construction of casino-hotel. Palestinians, Israelis have role in project" 2659: 1970:

Mo 'Awiyah Ibrahim; Sauer, James Abbott; Yassine, Khair (1976). "The East Jordan Valley Survey, 1975".

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Israel has constructed settlements in the West bank portion of the Jordan valley in three main phases:

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stepped up their guerrilla attacks against Israel from Jordanian soil, using the Jordan Valley town of

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during some periods contained both banks of the Jordan, while during others the valley was bordered by

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Since the end of the 1967 war, many Israeli governments have treated the western Jordan Valley as the

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was captured by Israel opening further supply lines to the settlements in the northern Jordan valley.

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and constitutes a route for animal migration, including in the past for the developing human species.

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The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology

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to commemorate the Israelites crossing the Jordan River into the Land of Israel while carrying the

1754: 1526: 875: 750: 592: 3307: 2862: 2303:, "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations" 858:, were fairly small and dispersed among Arab settlements, and relied on a tenuous supply line via 2662:

development plan for the development of the Jordan River as a single unit. Greg Shapland, (1997)

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of the total Jordanian was always high, and the 1967 refugees further increased their number.

1246: 3442: 3264: 3056: 1392: 1338: 1228: 1444: 2781: 1775: 1588: 1479: 1362: 1177: 924: 667: 584: 528:, the people who lived in the Jordan Valley in the late 19th century were almost entirely 8: 3384: 2350: 1883: 1853: 1796: 1352: 1334: 1116: 1098: 803: 683: 675: 639: 631: 616: 537: 442: 406: 162: 3157: 2459: 2180: 1152: 635: 3104: 2928: 2117: 2102: 2044: 1995: 1987: 1969: 1668: 1642: 1567: 1475: 1474:, handed over additional West Bank territories, however Israel has retained control as 1448: 1216: 1052: 651: 576: 458: 370: 361: 311: 170: 98: 35: 3229: 3207: 1698:

On 10 September 2019, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu said that the government would

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WPN Tyler, State lands and rural development in mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948, p. 79

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Soffer, A.; Bar-Gal, Y. (1985). "Planned Bedouin settlement in Israel— a critique".

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The treaty defines the international border between the countries on the Jordan and

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development plan, it was approved by technical water committees of all the regional

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development of the Jordan Valley. It was negotiated and developed by US ambassador

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was further secured by the Battle of Ramat Yohanan and a modus vivendi agreed with

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that are located in the valley. An additional 12,400 live in 22 communities in the

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in the south. In a wider sense, the term may also cover the Dead Sea basin and the

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Population and Demographic Developments in The West Bank and Gaza Strip until 1990

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to the British Mandate and the Emirate of Transjordan. An adjacent company town,

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Inside pre-1967 borders, 17,332 Israelis live in the independent municipality of

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formulated in 1967–1968. This Israeli position (which has also been held by the

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as their headquarters. The Israeli army attacked this base in March 1968 in the

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it was agreed that he would administer the territory east of the Jordan River,

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to Israel has been proposed by a variety of Israeli politicians, most recently

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Americans for Peace Now report on Jordan Valley settlements and related issues

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United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

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US Assistance, Development, and Hierarchy in the Middle East: Aid for Allies

2721: 2022:. Archaeological Studies Leiden University (ASLU). Leiden University Press. 3018: 2478:

Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923

1940:, possibly associated by the Byzantines with Gilgal and the "twelve stones" 1863: 1841: 1612:

On 14 March 2006, Israel raided the Palestinian jail in Jericho as part of

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village. Following the heavy fighting, the Arab inhabitants of the city of

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valley, which is the rift valley segment beyond the Dead Sea and ending at

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2010, just 20 to 30 million cubic metres per year flow into the Dead Sea.

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Satellite map and diagram showing the Jordan valley on either side of the

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Conder, C. R.; Kitchener, H. H.; Palmer, E. H.; Besant, W. (1881–1883).

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In 1994, following the initial Oslo accords, Israel and Jordan signed a

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Following the first truce which ended on 8 July, the successful Israeli

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Following conflicting promises and agreements during WWI, in particular

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and very small Area B zones around some small Palestinian settlements.

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http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Hamas-to-bar-Jericho-casino-reopening

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Post-1967 Israeli settlements and long-term views of the Jordan Valley

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An Israeli military vehicle on patrol in the Jordan Valley, circa 1968

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which objected to Israeli National Water Carrier approved in 1964 the

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by applying "Israeli sovereignty over the Jordan Valley and northern

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Jericho, and the surrounding area in the southern valley, along with

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using tanks and aircraft, and on 18 May they succeeded in conquering

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which asserts that the Jordan river should be the central feature of

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in blue, note solid blue area-C strip along most of the Jordan river

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between 1953 and 1955, and based on an earlier plan commissioned by

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Over most of its length, the Jordan Valley forms the border between

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Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin

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1971–1974: construction of six settlements to the west of the road.

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The 1968 Allon Plan: note blue Israeli zone along the Jordan valley

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Israel, the Hashemites, and the Palestinians: the fateful triangle

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Rivers of Discord: International Water Disputes in the Middle East

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On 13 March 1997, a visiting group of schoolgirls was attacked by

1191:

As it became clear that the Jordanian position, from the get-go a

3428: 3310: 1949: 1741: 1660: 1483: 1432: 1270: 1169: 963: 888: 863: 695: 674:. The area west of the Jordan river was allocated in 1922 to the 497:

in 1486, which involved a small battle in the valley en route to

494: 319: 307: 229:

The lower part of the valley, known as the Ghor (from the Arabic

195: 3230:"Arab nations condemn Netanyahu's Jordan Valley annexation plan" 2891: 2457: 1285:

was reached between King Hussein and Palestinian organizations.

966:, but they were bogged down by resistance. Later, they attacked 698:: "Two Banks has the Jordan/This is ours and, that is as well." 478: 186: 1943: 1875: 1818: 920: 855: 739: 706: 549: 405:

The northern Jordan valley has two adjoining and complementary

282: 252: 149: 145: 114: 109:

in the north, to the end of its course where it flows into the

45: 3347:

HUMANITARIAN FACT SHEET ON THE JORDAN VALLEY AND DEAD SEA AREA

2204:"High tech may water Jordan Valley, but dry up family farming" 236: 3266:

Palestinian Politics after Arafat: A Failed National Movement

2744: 2013:

Moawiyah M. Ibrahim (2009). Eva Kaptijn; Lucas Petit (eds.).

1879: 1814: 1728: 1641:

September 2019 annexation proposal by Israeli prime minister

1621: 1417: 1367: 1289: 1266: 1108:

was completed in 1964, and coupled with increased closing of

896: 884: 596: 529: 502: 286: 122: 118: 3293:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 26 January 2011. 2880:

The Jordan Valley is Israel’s Only Defensible Eastern Border

2100:'Israel: Settlement Agriculture Harms Palestinian Children,' 1101:

project after similar assurances were obtained from Jordan.

297:

Population levels in the past are unclear. According to the

3366:

Settler group accuses EU envoy of supporting ‘terror state’

3291:"West Bank: enduring the restrictions in the Jordan Valley" 3057:"With condolence visit to Israel, King Hussein spurs talks" 2804:, Dr. Wael R. Ennab, UNCTAD, June 1994, page 73, figure 3.4 991: 588: 998:

mountain guns. Following the Syrian forces' defeat at the

3323:

Israeli demolitions leave West Bank Bedouin, U.N. alarmed

1946:, site in the Jordan Valley mentioned in the Hebrew Bible 1620:

who were jailed there, following the announcement of the

1496: 1262: 606: 318:, including approximately 2,700 people who live in small 298: 1809:

The Jordan River rises from several sources, mainly the

1713:

In late March 2024, Israel's far-right Finance Minister

603:, and the collapse of the Ottoman armies in the Levant. 1236:

Jordan: conflict with PLO and Black September 1967–1971

316:

Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories

2885: 2814:

Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (12 May 2005).

1852:

its riverbed at Gilgal, which went dry as soon as the

552:

from the hills come to cultivate their land for them.

2081: 2079: 2077: 1972:

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

3105:

http://en.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleNO=20576

2537:

Jerusalem Embattled – A diary of a city under siege.

1706:" should he continue being Prime Minister after the 1633:

Future of the West Bank portion of the Jordan Valley

1605:

Despite some clashes in the Jericho area during the

1042:

Jordanian occupation and annexation of the West Bank

978:. On 21 May, the Syrian army was stopped at kibbutz 256:, the "wilderness" or "Arabah desert" of the Bible. 230: 92: 72: 3208:"Netanyahu pledges to annex occupied Jordan Valley" 2603: 2585:

Carta's Atlas of Israel – The First Years 1948–1961

2012: 946:. The Syrians thrust down the eastern and southern 468: 3283: 2074: 1402:1967–1970: construction of five settlements along 3080:"A Time to Mourn: King Hussein Comforts Israelis" 3001:"Jordan MPs: Free man who killed 7 Israeli girls" 2622:Elusive Victory: The Arab–Israeli Wars, 1947–1974 2596: 2594: 2364:The Jordan River Valley: A Vital Migratory Flyway 2152:. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Archived from 1478:administered by Israel, with the exception of an 3502: 3262: 3017: 1840:The area's fertile lands were chronicled in the 1791:The area's fertile lands were chronicled in the 1649: Jordan Valley area to be annexed by Israel 1520: 301:, before 1967, there were approximately 250,000 156:, to the west. The details are regulated by the 3202: 3200: 3077: 2854: 2379: 2262:"Israel has de facto annexed the Jordan Valley" 2242:, B'Tselem, May 2011 & updated October 2013 1552:On 16 March 1997, a few days after the attack, 3335:Bedouin vow to stay in contested Jordan Valley 3054: 2711:, Munther J. Haddadin, editor, RFF Press, 2006 2591: 2475:Karsh, Efraim; Karsh, Inari (1 January 2001). 2252: 2250: 2248: 2235: 2233: 1952:, modern and ancient town in the Jordan Valley 722:in the Jordan valley at the confluence of the 2994: 2992: 2949: 2201: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2016:The Jordan Valley during the Early Bronze Age 1578:The perpetrator, however, was diagnosed with 3251:Abbas rejects Israeli claim to Jordan Valley 3197: 2582: 2256: 2195: 1594: 822: Israeli controlled territory from 1949 734:. The Naharayim plant was a major source of 242: 2860: 2245: 2230: 1708:September 2019 Israeli legislative election 1570:, he expressed an apology on behalf of the 1459:was the first territory handed over to the 1341:to southern Syria to aid in the defense of 1318:population decreased from 63,000 to 5,000. 847:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 560:In 1916, Britain and France engaged in the 489:The Jordan valley was under control of the 473: 391:human migrations between Africa and Eurasia 27:Rift valley in Israel, Palestine and Jordan 3256: 2989: 2474: 2225:Settling area C: the Jordan Valley Exposed 2168: 1729:The Israeli Jordan Valley Regional Council 1618:killers of Israeli minister Rehavam Ze'evi 1199: 482:Approximation of the 'average' borders of 125:, 155 km (96 mi) farther south. 3511:History of the Jews in Palestine (region) 2327: 2218: 1938:Ancient underground quarry, Jordan Valley 1903: 1824: 840:controlled territory from 1948 until 1967 381:Genetic studies indicate that during the 3269:. Indiana University Press. p. 34. 3011: 2722:"Jordan River could die by 2011: report" 2652: 2600:Morris,2008, pp. 236, 237, 247, 253, 254 2495: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 1828: 1774: 1759: 1636: 1443: 1366: 1245: 1151: 1051: 910:were shelled on 27–29 April 1948 by the 852:1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine 749: 745: 705: 701: 610: 477: 360: 44: 3155: 3071: 2976: 2843:, By Anne Mariel Zimmermann, page 112, 2807: 2556: 2550: 1180:in the south of the valley, and forces 1132:Headwater Diversion Plan (Jordan River) 1047: 720:First Jordan Hydro-Electric Power House 581:British occupation of the Jordan Valley 568:In February 1918, as part of the wider 532:of various tribes, save for a group of 14: 3503: 3136: 2921: 2915: 2108: 1497:1994 Israeli-Jordanian peace agreement 1431:, Israel has sought to settle migrant 1321: 768: Area assigned for a Jewish state 607:Formation of Transjordan and Palestine 342:whose southern half is in the valley. 3377: 3097: 2735: 2618: 2576: 2468: 2407:"Northern Jordan Valley (North Ghor)" 2357: 2123: 1188:located in the middle of the valley. 1034:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 1002:a few days later, they abandoned the 802:Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 ( 778: Area assigned for an Arab state 314:which is administered by the Israeli 34:. For the geology of the valley, see 3440: 3371: 2998: 2425: 2373: 2321: 2150:"Touristic Sites: The Jordan Valley" 758:1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine 3175: 3021:; Kumaraswamy, P. R., eds. (2003). 2714: 2399: 2380:Avigayil Kadesh (30 January 2011). 2330:"Routes of migrating soaring birds" 1871: 1391:) stems from the narrowness of the 1359:Israeli occupation of the West Bank 1261:After the Six-Day War in 1967, the 895:further opened up supply lines via 334:, 12,000 live in 24 communities in 243: 105:, from the spot where it exits the 82: 62: 24: 3183:"West Bank jail raid sparks chaos" 2851:(Print) 978-1-349-95000-3 (Online) 2563:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2507: 2386:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2315:American Journal of Human Genetics 986:halted Syrian armored forces with 615:The Jordan valley divided between 356: 336:Valley of Springs Regional Council 25: 3587: 3546:Valleys of the State of Palestine 3453: 3253:, Times of Israel, September 2013 3078:Serge Schmemann (16 March 1997). 3027:. Psychology Press. p. 157. 2861:Ofer Aderet (12 September 2013). 2778:The Palestinian Exodus, 1948–1998 2668:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1614:Operation Bringing Home the Goods 1436:has restricted Arab development. 1227:over 800 homes were razed by the 710:Rutenberg power plant, circa 1933 658:area east of the valley become a 369:The Jordan Valley is part of the 279:Palestine Liberation Organization 3368:, Times of Israel, February 2016 3263:As'ad Ghanem (26 January 2010). 3156:McGreal, Chris (15 March 2006). 3055:Jerrold Kessel (16 March 1997). 2368:Friends of the Earth Middle East 2202:Dana Charkasi (31 August 2000). 1836:baptism site on the Jordan River 1751:Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council 1363:Strategic depth § In Israel 1106:National Water Carrier of Israel 1062:Jordan Valley Unified Water Plan 1056:National Water Carrier of Israel 798:would be neither Jewish nor Arab 469:History, geopolitics, and events 353:an additional 1,206 as of 2015. 347:Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council 194: 185: 3526:Geography of Palestine (region) 3443:"Joining forces on agriculture" 3434: 3415: 3404: 3359: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3297: 3244: 3222: 3149: 3110: 3048: 2970: 2943: 2873: 2834: 2795: 2767: 2750: 2702: 2679: 2643: 2612: 2559:"The Power Plant on Two Rivers" 2557:Avitzur, Shmuel (22 May 2003). 2529: 2451: 2382:"Birds on the wing over Israel" 2328:Leshem, Yossi; Yom-Tov, Yoram. 2292: 2280: 2240:Background on the Jordan Valley 1889:The Jordan River is revered by 1587:. A petition circulated in the 1580:antisocial personality disorder 1439: 1310:and remaining fighters fled to 526:PEF Survey of Western Palestine 376: 292: 167:Annexation of the Jordan Valley 3576:Important Bird Areas of Israel 3571:Important Bird Areas of Jordan 2999:Okbi, Yasser (12 April 2013). 2820:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 569–573. 2625:. Military Book Club. p. 2439:. BirdLife International. 2021 2433:"Northern lower Jordan valley" 2413:. BirdLife International. 2021 2093: 2063: 2006: 1963: 1770: 1747:Emek HaYarden Regional Council 1470:Subsequent agreements, in the 1461:Palestinian National Authority 1406:which runs through the valley. 1141: 1068:", was a plan for the unified 931:and the nearby north Dead sea 628:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence 555: 340:Emek HaYarden Regional Council 40:Jordan Valley (disambiguation) 13: 1: 3378:Brown, Cate (22 March 2024). 3337:, Times of Israel, April 2014 3232:. BBC News. 11 September 2019 3210:. BBC News. 10 September 2019 2977:LoLordo, Ann (26 July 1998). 1956: 1521:1997 Island of Peace massacre 1427:Concurrently, as it has done 990:, hand grenades and a single 944:Battles of the Kinarot Valley 927:, the southern Jordan valley 595:which lead to the capture of 393:than was the Horn of Africa. 345:In the West Bank the Israeli 264: 259: 2964:10.1016/0016-7185(85)90049-1 2922:Keinon, Herb (20 May 2017). 2481:. Harvard University Press. 1749:, and is different from the 686:composed the political poem 574:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 570:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 493:from their victory over the 237: 176: 7: 3464:American Center of Research 3441:Levy, Elior (3 June 2011). 2587:. Jerusalem, Israel: Carta. 2502:The East Bank of the Jordan 1931: 1387:government that signed the 974:and occupied the abandoned 902:In the lead up to the full 579:. Subsequently, during the 548:. The explorers added that 325: 231: 97:) forms part of the larger 93: 73: 18:Jordan Valley (Middle East) 10: 3592: 2895:; Jehuda Reinharz (2008). 2660:Tennessee Valley Authority 2583:Nur, Eviatar, ed. (1978). 2370:. Accessed 17 January 2020 1598: 1524: 1356: 1325: 1239: 1203: 1145: 1082:Tennessee Valley Authority 1080:(UNRWA). Modeled upon the 756:Boundaries defined in the 511:Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem 431:black-crowned night herons 158:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 154:Israeli-occupied West Bank 29: 2709:Water Resources in Jordan 2619:Dupuy, Trevor N. (2002). 2491:– via Google Books. 1765:Panorama of Jordan Valley 1595:2000–2006 Second Intifada 1303:Palestine Liberation Army 1295:Dawson's Field hijackings 1064:, commonly known as the " 1014:across the Jordan River. 906:, Naharayim, Tel-Or, and 644:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement 322:and herding communities. 3551:Valleys of the West Bank 3356:, UN OHCA, February 2012 2685:Sosland, Jeffrey (2007) 2609:Pollack 2002, pp. 448–57 2308:16 February 2012 at the 1755:Megilot Regional Council 1527:Island of Peace massacre 1416:Two of the settlements, 1172:blew up sections of the 876:Battle of Mishmar HaEmek 794:with the intention that 474:Under the Ottoman Empire 447:black-winged pratincoles 396: 3460:Photos of Jordan Valley 3352:7 November 2012 at the 1740:In the late 1930s, the 1700:annex the Jordan Valley 1627:Palestinian territories 1535:power plant was dubbed 1531:The site of the former 1206:1967 Palestinian exodus 1200:1967 Palestinian exodus 1010:in the northern valley 958:and the settlements of 688:Two Banks to the Jordan 664:Cairo Conference (1921) 455:European honey-buzzards 3541:Landforms of West Asia 2517:. Palestine Remembered 1904:Pilgrimage and tourism 1837: 1825:Religious significance 1811:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 1784: 1779:Date palms of kibbutz 1767: 1664: 1565:Israeli Prime Minister 1465:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 1452: 1372: 1256:Palestinians in Jordan 1251: 1161: 1095:National Water Carrier 1057: 842: 711: 672:Emirate of Transjordan 623: 621:Emirate of Transjordan 486: 411:BirdLife International 366: 50: 38:. For other uses, see 3487:32.31722°N 35.57000°E 3325:, Reuters, March 2016 2901:. UPNE. p. 542. 2504:, Lyrics, ZFA website 2214:on 27 September 2007. 2090:.jewishvirtuallibrary 1832: 1778: 1763: 1640: 1463:, as a result of the 1447: 1393:Israeli coastal plain 1370: 1357:Further information: 1283:seven-point agreement 1249: 1155: 1055: 950:shores, and attacked 904:1948 Arab–Israeli War 753: 746:1948 Arab–Israeli War 709: 702:Naharayim power plant 694:, with the repeating 614: 572:the British empire's 562:Sykes–Picot Agreement 481: 409:(IBAs) recognised by 364: 48: 3185:. BBC. 14 March 2006 2782:University of London 2260:(13 February 2006). 1848:, led by Joshua, to 1589:Jordanian parliament 1482:enclave surrounding 1178:King Abdullah Bridge 1117:East Ghor Main Canal 1099:East Ghor Main Canal 1048:Water wars 1953–1967 668:Abdullah bin Hussein 585:Desert Mounted Corps 222:, both north of the 3536:Landforms of Jordan 3483: / 3385:The Washington Post 2515:"Welcome to Samakh" 2351:Tel Aviv University 1893:as the place where 1884:Ark of the Covenant 1856:reached the shore ( 1854:Ark of the Covenant 1797:King Abdullah Canal 1517:of the territory." 1339:Expeditionary Force 1322:1973 Yom Kippur War 676:Mandatory Palestine 640:San Remo conference 632:Balfour Declaration 617:Mandatory Palestine 538:Mount of Temptation 459:Levant sparrowhawks 407:Important Bird Area 173:in September 2019. 163:Israeli settlements 3516:Jordan River basin 3492:32.31722; 35.57000 3122:The New York Times 3084:The New York Times 3005:The Jerusalem Post 2929:The Jerusalem Post 2437:BirdLife Data Zone 2411:BirdLife Data Zone 2118:Human Rights Watch 2103:Human Rights Watch 1838: 1785: 1768: 1665: 1655: Rest of the 1643:Benjamin Netanyahu 1568:Benjamin Netanyahu 1453: 1373: 1254:The proportion of 1252: 1162: 1058: 843: 712: 666:and meetings with 652:Battle of Maysalun 624: 487: 371:Levantine corridor 367: 277:" war between the 269:Prior to the 1967 171:Benjamin Netanyahu 99:Jordan Rift Valley 51: 36:Jordan Rift Valley 3566:Valleys of Israel 3556:Regions of Israel 3531:Great Rift Valley 3411:The Jordan Valley 3313:, 6 February 2014 3276:978-0-253-00401-7 3034:978-0-7146-5434-8 2908:978-0-87451-962-4 2893:Itamar Rabinovich 2849:978-1-349-94999-1 2827:978-1-85109-842-2 2790:978-0-86372-244-8 2762:978-0-231-06723-2 2697:978-0-7914-7201-9 2674:978-1-85065-214-4 2636:978-0-9654428-0-0 2545:978-0-304-33765-1 2488:978-0-674-00541-9 2029:978-908-72-8076-5 1572:Kingdom of Jordan 1335:armoured division 1275:Battle of Karameh 988:Molotov cocktails 893:Operation Yiftach 881:Galilee Panhandle 593:Battle of Megiddo 524:According to the 463:Dead Sea sparrows 451:Egyptian vultures 148:to the east, and 130:as the crow flies 91: 71: 16:(Redirected from 3583: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3447: 3446: 3438: 3432: 3419: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3392:on 23 March 2024 3388:. 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Archived from 2254: 2243: 2237: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2210:. Archived from 2208:The Jordan Times 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2177: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2146: 2121: 2112: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2054: 2050: 2048: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2021: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1967: 1922:Second Intifadas 1895:John the Baptist 1873: 1783:, Jordan Valley. 1715:Bezalel Smotrich 1654: 1648: 1312:Southern Lebanon 954:the neighboring 891:. Subsequently, 868:Samakh, Tiberias 866:forces captured 862:. In March 1948 831: 827: 821: 817: 813: 791:Corpus separatum 787: 783: 777: 773: 767: 716:Pinhas Rutenberg 684:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 650:. Following the 636:Treaty of Sèvres 577:captured Jericho 534:Armenian hermits 415:black francolins 289:(3 ha, 7.4 ac). 246: 245: 240: 234: 198: 189: 96: 86: 84: 83:עֵמֶק הַיַרְדֵּן 76: 66: 64: 63:غَوْر الأُرْدُنّ 21: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3561:Valleys of Asia 3501: 3500: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3439: 3435: 3424:, Alex Levac, 3420: 3416: 3409: 3405: 3395: 3393: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3354:Wayback Machine 3345: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3302: 3298: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3154: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3124:. 12 March 2017 3116: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3016: 3012: 2997: 2990: 2975: 2971: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2859: 2855: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2772: 2768: 2755: 2751: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2684: 2680: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2581: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2555: 2551: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2473: 2469: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2378: 2374: 2362: 2358: 2344: 2342: 2332: 2326: 2322: 2310:Wayback Machine 2297: 2293: 2289:, 7 August 2008 2285: 2281: 2271: 2269: 2268:on 1 March 2009 2255: 2246: 2238: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2178: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2124: 2113: 2109: 2098: 2094: 2084: 2075: 2068: 2064: 2052: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2019: 2011: 2007: 1984:10.2307/1356299 1968: 1964: 1959: 1934: 1906: 1827: 1773: 1766: 1731: 1663: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1635: 1625:throughout the 1616:to capture the 1607:Second Intifada 1603: 1601:Second Intifada 1597: 1537:Island of Peace 1529: 1523: 1499: 1491:Second Intifada 1442: 1365: 1355: 1330: 1324: 1244: 1242:Black September 1238: 1208: 1202: 1150: 1144: 1050: 1019:Operation Dekel 984:Carmeli Brigade 845:Under the 1947 841: 829: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 809: 808: 800: 799: 785: 781: 779: 775: 771: 769: 765: 763: 762: 754: 748: 704: 609: 558: 540:and a group of 476: 471: 399: 379: 359: 357:Migration route 328: 295: 275:Black September 267: 262: 220:Korazim Plateau 211: 210: 209: 208: 201: 200: 199: 191: 190: 179: 74:Ghawr al-Urdunn 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3589: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3467: 3466: 3455: 3454:External links 3452: 3449: 3448: 3433: 3414: 3403: 3370: 3358: 3339: 3327: 3315: 3296: 3282: 3275: 3255: 3243: 3221: 3196: 3174: 3148: 3135: 3109: 3096: 3070: 3047: 3033: 3010: 2988: 2969: 2958:(4): 423–428. 2942: 2914: 2907: 2884: 2872: 2853: 2833: 2826: 2806: 2794: 2766: 2749: 2734: 2713: 2701: 2691:, SUNY Press, 2678: 2651: 2642: 2635: 2611: 2602: 2590: 2575: 2549: 2539:Cassel, 1997. 2535:Levin, Harry. 2528: 2506: 2494: 2487: 2467: 2450: 2424: 2398: 2372: 2356: 2353:(TAU) website. 2320: 2318:, 74: 532-544. 2291: 2279: 2244: 2229: 2227:, Al haq, 2018 2217: 2194: 2183:. Country Data 2167: 2122: 2120:13 April 2015. 2107: 2092: 2073: 2062: 2028: 2005: 1978:(222): 41–66. 1961: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1933: 1930: 1905: 1902: 1898:baptized Jesus 1826: 1823: 1772: 1769: 1764: 1730: 1727: 1689:European Union 1651: 1645: 1634: 1631: 1596: 1593: 1585:Hussein Mjalli 1544:Jordanian Army 1522: 1519: 1514:Yarmouk Rivers 1498: 1495: 1441: 1438: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1377:eastern border 1354: 1351: 1328:Yom Kippur War 1323: 1320: 1237: 1234: 1201: 1198: 1174:Allenby Bridge 1143: 1140: 1115:The Jordanian 1070:water resource 1049: 1046: 1023:Sea of Galilee 976:Sha'ar HaGolan 960:Sha'ar HaGolan 948:Sea of Galilee 824: 810: 788: Planned 780: 770: 764: 747: 744: 703: 700: 692:Greater Israel 608: 605: 557: 554: 519:Beirut Vilayet 491:Ottoman Empire 475: 472: 470: 467: 398: 395: 378: 375: 358: 355: 351:Ma'ale Efrayim 327: 324: 294: 291: 266: 263: 261: 258: 224:Sea of Galilee 203: 202: 193: 192: 184: 183: 182: 181: 180: 178: 175: 107:Sea of Galilee 26: 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Ynet. 3429:Haaretz 3311:Haaretz 2867:Haaretz 2764:, p 152 2187:10 July 2160:10 July 2087:Annex I 1992:1356299 1950:Jericho 1693:UN OCHA 1661:Jericho 1484:Jericho 1433:Bedouin 1271:Karameh 1193:salient 1170:sappers 1158:salient 964:Ein Gev 889:Galilee 887:in the 864:Haganah 696:refrain 536:on the 495:Mamluks 320:Bedouin 308:Jericho 90:: 70:: 3273: 3031: 2905: 2847: 2824: 2788: 2760: 2695: 2672: 2633: 2543: 2485: 2301:et al. 2272:5 July 2026: 1998: 1990: 1944:Gilgal 1876:Hebrew 1868:Hebrew 1819:Arabah 1781:Gesher 1687:, the 1669:area C 1653: 1647: 1480:Area A 1476:Area C 1449:Area C 1337:as an 1004:Samakh 972:Samakh 968:Samakh 952:Samakh 908:Gesher 856:Yishuv 832: 830: 828: 826: 820: 818: 816: 814: 812: 786: 784: 782: 776: 774: 772: 766: 740:Tel Or 619:& 435:cattle 312:Area C 287:dunams 283:Jordan 150:Israel 146:Jordan 115:Arabah 79:Hebrew 59:Arabic 3059:. 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