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media. Most of the participants go home, leaving a few to finish the business of the caucus: each preference group elects its delegates, and then the groups reconvene to elect local party officers and discuss the platform. The delegates are chosen by the precinct then go to a later caucus, the county convention, to choose delegates to the district convention and state convention. Most of the delegates to the
Democratic National Convention are selected at the district convention, with the remaining ones selected at the state convention. Delegates to each level of convention are initially bound to support their chosen candidate but can later switch in a process very similar to what occurs at the precinct level; however, as major shifts in delegate support are rare, the media declares the candidate with the most delegates on the precinct caucus night the winner and relatively little attention is paid to the later caucuses.
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transactions between the
Buttigieg campaign and either entity is a contract for text and messages services. The Joe Biden campaign had also contracted with Shadow, Inc for the same services, as well as former candidate Kirsten Gillibrand. After the app failure, McGowan distanced herself and ACRONYM from Shadow Inc., stating that it was an "independent" entity. Both companies are founded and directed by McGowan and Halle, and they share the same registered address. While the corporation's official website doesn't officially name its members, data gathered from LinkedIn reveals that its top executives were all involved in one way or another with Hillary Clinton's 2016 election campaign. James Hickey (Shadow, Inc.'s Chief Operating Officer) and Krista Davis (its Chief Software Architect) were both vital to the digital aspect of her campaign.
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Santorum secured the victory over Romney by a margin of 34 votes with Ron Paul in a strong 3rd. Results were certified by the Caucus, but not by the
Republican party, who declared it a split decision due to missing reports from 8 precincts, but who later certified the caucus as a win for Santorum. The caucus winner changed yet again when the Iowa delegate totals were finally determined giving Ron Paul the win along with several other states that same weekend.
55:
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although supporters of viable candidates or groups are locked into their choice, the supporters of nonviable candidates or groups may find a viable candidate or group to support, join with supporters of another nonviable candidate or group to secure a delegate for one of the two, or abstain. This realignment is a distinction of caucuses in that (unlike in most primaries) a voter's second choice can help a candidate.
2788:, Democratic Party leaders decided to make changes to their presidential nomination process by spreading out the schedule in each state. Because Iowa had a complex process of precinct caucuses, county conventions, district conventions, and a state convention, they chose to start early. In 1972, Iowa was the first state to hold its Democratic caucus, and it had the first Republican caucus four years later.
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tabulate results, we are also using photos of results and a paper trail to validate that all results match and ensure that we have confidence and accuracy in the numbers we report. This is simply a reporting issue, the app did not go down and this is not a hack or an intrusion. The underlying data and paper trail is sound and will simply take time to further report the results."
2953:(For four or more delegates, the threshold is 15%. For three delegates, the threshold is the total number of voters, divided by 6, roughly 16.66%. For two delegates, the threshold is 25%. For one delegate, there is no threshold, and the delegate is elected by a majority vote of eligible voters in attendance, following the first round of alignment.)
2947:
group. Participants may try to convince their neighbors to support their candidates. Each preference group might informally deputize a few members to recruit supporters from the other groups and, in particular, from among those undecided. Undecided participants might visit each preference group to ask its members about their candidate.
2874:, who has long been critical of the Iowa caucuses, blasted the process: "It's a mess. What we saw out there and heard about are, consistently, errors in the way that this process was done, whether in the initial phase or the realignment. Inconsistencies in how it was done across precinct sites, caucus sites. It is a total mess."
3501:, March 5, 2024. This was the result of a compromise between the Iowa Democratic Party and the Democratic National Committee. Iowa traditionally holds its race first during the presidential primary and caucuses season, but the DNC originally wanted South Carolina to instead hold its race first on February 3. 46 delegates to the
3157:, Iowa switched from the old winner-take-all allocation to proportional allocation. The change was made to prolong the race, giving lesser-known candidates a chance and making it harder for a frontrunner to secure the majority early. It was also hoped that this change in the election system would energize the base of the party.
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state convention on June 26. Delegates could and did change their votes based on further developments in the race; for instance, in 2004 the delegates pledged to Dick
Gephardt, who left the race after the precinct caucuses, chose a different candidate to support at the county, district, and state level.
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in 2019. Her husband, Michael Halle, is a senior strategist to the campaign of Pete
Buttigieg. Multiple unverified claims of the Buttigieg campaign funding the organization, having investment interests in, and even sharing partial ownership in either company have been made. However, the only verified
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Delays in reporting were attributed to the failure of a new reporting app for the Iowa
Democratic Party presidential caucus, including an inability to download or launch the app as well as an inability for the app to function well once launched; the failure of the backup phone number system after too
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In 2014, the Iowa
Democratic Party introduced changes to the caucus system to allow members of the military to participate in a statewide caucus and establish satellite caucuses for voters with disabilities and others who have trouble making it to the physical location of the caucuses. They will also
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When the voting is closed, a final headcount is conducted, and each precinct apportions delegates to the county convention. These numbers are reported to the state party, which counts the total number of delegates for each candidate (and delegates who are "uncommitted") and reports the results to the
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did not face any opposition in 2004, only
Democratic caucuses were held. The meetings ran from 6:30 p.m. until approximately 7:00 p.m. on January 19, 2004, with a turnout of about 124,000 caucus-goers. The county convention occurred on March 13, the district convention on April 24, and the
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Political parties in Iowa have used caucuses to select party leaders and candidates for office since the 1800s. Before 1907, parties selected all candidates for political office through the caucus system. Iowa held a presidential primary in 1916, but returned to the caucus system in 1917 due to high
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Because the delegates elected at the caucuses are not required to declare a candidate preference, the media does not always have a purely objective way to determine the success of individual candidates at the caucuses. The media focused on the secret ballot polling conducted at the caucus sites and
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The process of selecting Iowa delegates to the
Republican National Convention prior to the 2016 election cycle started with the selection of delegates to the county conventions, which in turn affected the delegates elected to district conventions who also served as delegates to the state convention
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After some time, the electioneering is temporarily halted, and the supporters for each candidate (and for "uncommitted") are counted. At this point, the caucus officials determine which candidates or groups are viable, potentially including the "uncommitted" group. Depending on the number of county
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only faced minor opposition in the
Democratic caucus and received 98% of the vote, but the Republican caucus was heavily contested between several challengers. Initial results reported that Mitt Romney beat out Rick Santorum by just 8 votes, but when the final results came out two weeks later Rick
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Of the 45 delegates that were chosen through the caucus system, 29 were chosen at the district level. Ten delegates were at-large delegates, and six were "party leader and elected official" (PLEO) delegates; these were assigned at the state convention. There were also 11 other delegates, eight of
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Because of the irregularities in the process and the fact that the totals reported to the media were unrelated to the delegate selection process, there have been changes in both how the caucus site secret ballot polling is sent to state party headquarters and in how Iowa delegates to the national
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This process rewarded candidate organizers who not only got supporters to the caucus sites but also got supporters willing to serve as delegates to county conventions and willing to vote for other delegates who supported a specific candidate. In 2012, this process resulted in Ron Paul supporters
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In 2016, the Iowa Democratic Party held the first-ever tele-caucus for members of the military serving outside Iowa and their families; Iowans in the Peace Corps and Diplomatic Corps; and students and Iowans living abroad. In addition, it held satellite caucuses in 2020, in an attempt to improve
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Each precinct divides its delegate seats among the candidates in proportion to caucus goers' votes. Participants indicate their support for a particular candidate by standing in a designated area of the caucus site (forming a preference group). An area may also be designated for an "uncommitted"
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The 2020 Iowa caucuses occurred on Monday, February 3. The results of the 2020 Iowa Democratic caucus were delayed due to "inconsistencies in the reporting of three sets of results," according to Mandy McClure, the party's communications director. "In addition to the tech systems being used to
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Beginning with the 2020 caucus, the Iowa Democratic Party publishes not only "State Delegate Equivalents", based on a calculation of likely delegate results after the state caucus is held, but also a statewide raw vote count after the first alignment round (including results for all non-viable
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For a candidate (or the "uncommitted" group) to earn any delegates from a particular precinct, the candidate or group must have the support of at least the percentage of participants required by the viability threshold. Once viability is determined, participants have an opportunity to realign:
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seasons, but those that receive national attention are the presidential preference caucuses, held every four years. The rules of the caucus process to determine delegates to national conventions are determined by the party and differ substantially between the Democratic and Republican parties.
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Starting in 2016, caucus results have become binding when selecting delegates. Acting in accordance with a mandate from the Republican National Committee, the delegates are bound on the first ballot to vote for candidates in proportion to the votes cast for each candidate at the caucus sites.
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season. Although caucus-goers have been unrepresentative of the nation's overall demographic, caucuses are still seen by some as a strong indicator of how a presidential candidate will do in later contests. Candidates who do poorly in the Iowa caucus frequently drop out in the following days.
2870:(D-IL): "I think the Democratic caucus in Iowa is a quirky, quaint tradition which should come to an end. As we try to make voting easier for people across America, the Iowa caucus is the most painful situation we currently face for voting." Former presidential candidate
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reported logical inconsistencies in certain precincts (such as state delegate equivalents being awarded to the wrong candidates and more people voting for the second alignment than the first alignment). This led the Democratic National Committee chairman
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and casting ballots, Iowans gather at a set location in each of Iowa's precincts. Typically, these meetings occur in schools, churches, public libraries, or even individuals' houses. Caucuses are held every two years, during both the presidential and
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The 2016 Iowa caucuses took place on Monday, February 1. The counting started at 7 p.m. CST and lasted one hour, after the caucus discussions. For the first time, results were electronically sent to both Democratic and Republican headquarters.
2764:. By October 6, the Democratic National Committee reached a compromise in which the in-person Iowa Democratic caucuses focusing on party business could still be held in January, but voting on presidential candidates would be done via
3416:
A complete official count of the first alignment popular vote, the second alignment popular vote, and state delegate equivalents was released on February 6, 3 days after Iowa Democrats voted. However, various outlets including
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in August of the preceding year. The Iowa Straw Poll was held six times, beginning in 1979, but only three Straw Poll winners went on to win the caucus the following year. The Straw Poll was discontinued in June 2015.
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have generally referred to this non-binding poll as the caucus. There were irregularities in the 2012 caucus site polling results, including the fact that eight precinct results went missing and were never counted.
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many people attempted to call the phone number due to the failing app; and confusion over the correct way to count and calculate the initial and final popular votes as well as state delegate equivalent values.
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in which numerous irregularities were revealed, including disputed caucus totals following the use of a new smartphone app developed for the caucus, and a failure to publish official results for nearly a week.
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Since 1972, the Iowa caucuses have had a 55% success rate at predicting which Democrat, and a 43% success rate at predicting which Republican, will go on to win the nomination of their
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are meetings where voters gather to discuss and select candidates for their registered party. Political parties hold the caucuses, in contrast to most state-run primaries. Both
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took place on February 3, 2020. The Democratic caucus proved controversial after difficulties and errors in the reporting of the final vote totals. Iowa Democratic Party Chair
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took place January 3 at 7 p.m. CT. Candidates spent tens of millions of dollars on local television advertisements and hundreds of paid staff in dozens of field offices.
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Iowa's Democratic presidential caucuses had in-person gatherings on January 15 focusing only on party business. Voting on candidates will be done exclusively via
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In addition to the voting and the presidential preference choices, caucus-goers begin the process of writing their parties' platforms by introducing resolutions.
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Public focus has been increasingly drawn to the Iowa caucus procedure. Public confidence in the integrity of the caucus system was heavily undermined after the
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dominating the Iowa delegation to the Republican National Convention, having 22 of the 28 Iowa delegates, with Mitt Romney getting the other six delegates.
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whom were appointed from local Democratic National Committee members; two were PLEO delegates and one was elected at the state Democratic convention.
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accessibility and participation in the Iowa caucuses. Starting in 2020, 10% of state convention delegates will be assigned through tele-caucuses.
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to request the state Democratic Party (which runs the caucuses) to "recanvass" or recalculate the results including state delegate equivalents.
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Under Iowa law, political parties are required to hold caucuses every two years to select delegates to county conventions and party committees.
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in Iowa use caucuses. The caucuses are also held to select delegates to county conventions and party committees, among other party activities.
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5345:"Iowa Caucuses a Challenge For Pollsters, Poll Positions: Low Turnout, Chance To Vote for Second Choice Make Contest Difficult To Forecast"
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The number of delegates each candidate receives eventually determines how many state delegates from Iowa that candidate will have at the
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Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (February 6, 2020). "How the Iowa caucus app went wrong and how open source could have helped".
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work for the passage of a new law that requires employers to allow employees to take time off for the caucuses.
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8080:
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The 2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses were held on January 15, 2024, with 40 delegates to the
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candidates) and a statewide raw vote count for all viable candidates after the second alignment round.
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The 2012 Iowa caucuses took place on Tuesday, January 3, starting at 7 p.m. CST. Incumbent president
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2019:
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Why Iowa? : how caucuses and sequential elections improve the presidential nominating process
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9007:
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3362:, with 41% and 21 delegates. The Republican caucus awarded delegates to nine candidates: 8 to
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6654:
6194:
Why Iowa?: How Caucuses and Sequential Elections Improve the Presidential Nominating Process.
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Election results by county. Red for Mike Huckabee, Green for Mitt Romney, Yellow for Ron Paul
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Election results by county. Yellow for Ted Cruz, Blue for Donald Trump, Red for Marco Rubio
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435:
8:
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8857:
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2837:). The caucuses are generally defined as "gatherings of neighbors". Rather than going to
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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4889:"There Are Enough Irregularities in the Iowa Caucus to Warrant Scrutiny: the Problems"
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8938:
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6151:"Trump wins historic landslide in Iowa caucuses as DeSantis edges Haley for second"
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delegates to be elected, the viability threshold is no less than 15% of attendees.
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5492:
4553:"More than 90 percent of Iowa caucus-goers are white, according to entrance polls"
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5760:"Acronym, the dark money group behind the Iowa caucuses app meltdown, explained"
3439:, which failed to develop and test the product adequately. The CEO and founder,
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4920:""A total mess": Critics call for an end to Iowa's first-in-the-nation status"
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4800:
3342:
5078:"What Are Iowa's Satellite Caucuses? And How Did They Help Bernie Sanders?"
4307:
4302:
4281:
4249:
4131:
4115:
4099:
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4003:
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3685:
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3579:
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3479:
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3296:
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3212:
4950:"Iowa Delegate Selection Plan for the 2020 Democratic National Convention"
8928:
6239:
6154:
5683:
5261:
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resigned on February 12, 2020, over the chaos resulting from the caucus.
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4491:
4344:
3251:
purple for Barack Obama, Orange John Edwards, Yellow for Hillary Clinton
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6234:
4257:
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4139:
4135:
4107:
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4011:
3910:
3742:
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3680:
3633:
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3208:
3051: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2912: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2730:
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6299:
6184:
Grassroots Rules: How The Iowa Caucus Helps Elect American Presidents
5177:
4287:
4261:
4057:
3931:
3898:
3873:
3848:
3787:
3621:
3429:
6208:
The Iowa Caucuses: First Test of Presidential Aspirations, 1972–2008
3026:
2887:
6122:
6037:
5348:
5293:
5142:"For the First Time in the Iowa Caucuses, 3 'Winners' Are Possible"
4265:
4244:
4217:
4189:
4086:
4044:
4019:
3424:
3363:
2818:
2713:
The Iowa caucuses are noteworthy as the first major contest of the
2667:
4765:"DNC's new calendar, will release caucus results on Super Tuesday"
6192:
Redlawsk, David P., Caroline J. Tolbert, and Todd Donovan, 2011.
5434:"Clinton, Obama, Edwards Wage Door-to-Door Fight for Iowa Voters"
5262:"The Green Papers Republican Detailed Delegate Allocation – 2016"
3959:
Notes: An asterisk indicates a write-in candidate. Candidates in
3726:
3513:
Notes: An asterisk indicates a write-in candidate. Candidates in
6008:"How the Iowa caucus rule changes complicated this year's count"
3084:
6679:
6264:
4955:. The Iowa Democratic Party. September 19, 2019. pp. 2–3.
2699:
5787:"Investors Rush to Scrub Ties to Firm Behind Iowa Clusterf*ck"
4494:
Gubernatorial stability in Iowa : a stranglehold on power
3203:. Iowa sends 56 delegates to the DNC out of a total of 4,366.
2810:" or Iowa 99, as they visit all of the counties of the state.
6235:
Iowa presidential election statistics at CountingTheVotes.com
5375:"Iowa Caucuses 101: Arcane Rules Have Huge Impact on Outcome"
5321:
How the Iowa caucus predicts presidential losers, not winners
3404:
Iowa Caucus Precinct 15 in Ames (2020) During First Alignment
3358:
received 45% of the vote and 23 pledged delegates, defeating
5817:"Maker of Glitchy Iowa Caucus App Has Democratic Party Ties"
4705:"Dems decide to shake up start of 2024 presidential primary"
4863:
4861:
4859:
3435:
The app in question was provided by a 5-month-old company,
2683:
6201:
5111:"How Iowa's Caucus Reform Will Change Campaign Strategies"
5016:"Covering the Iowa caucuses? Here's what you need to know"
6215:
The Iowa Caucuses and the Presidential Nominating Process
5844:
4837:
4674:"Iowa Democratic Party chair resigns after caucus fiasco"
3378:, with 9%; and 1 delegate each to five other candidates.
3138:
where delegates were chosen for the national convention.
8126:
5840:"Iowa Republicans will hold 2024 caucuses on January 15"
4856:
4397:"Feeling caucus confusion? Your guide to how Iowa works"
6222:
The Iowa Precinct Caucuses: The Making of a Media Event
4613:"Why Iowa is so important in the presidential election"
7166:
List of candidates by number of primary votes received
5957:
5955:
5047:"Tech Is Finally Disrupting the Archaic Iowa Caucuses"
4454:
5961:
5237:"Iowa GOP's tricky task: Set convention voting rules"
4429:. Newspaperarchive.com. November 5, 2008. p. 1.
6036:. thecaucuses.org. February 10, 2020. Archived from
5823:. Associated Press. February 4, 2020. Archived from
5479:
5477:
4463:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 48.
4326:
3336:
Yellow for Hillary Clinton, Green for Bernie Sanders
2794:
For Republicans, the Iowa caucus used to follow the
2786:
1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity
8806:
elections in which the winner lost the popular vote
5952:
5517:. Fox News Network. January 4, 2012. Archived from
4641:
3173:for president at that party's national convention.
5624:"The Date of the 2016 Iowa Caucus Is Set. For Now"
4642:Scanlan, Quinn; Karson, Kendall; Cunningham, Meg.
3478:allocated on a proportional basis. The winner was
2866:Many political figures have also echoed concerns.
6301:United States presidential primaries and caucuses
5872:"Iowa Republican Presidential Nominating Process"
5474:
5289:"Iowa's bad track record for picking GOP winners"
4983:"Iowa Democrats propose changes to caucus system"
8999:
3462:2024 United States presidential election in Iowa
3388:2020 United States presidential election in Iowa
3310:2016 United States presidential election in Iowa
3283:2012 United States presidential election in Iowa
3225:2008 United States presidential election in Iowa
3183:2004 United States presidential election in Iowa
2748:to be held first on February 3, and pushing the
5203:
5170:
4644:"Iowa caucus: What we know and what went wrong"
2829:The Iowa caucuses operate differently from the
5399:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4492:Larimer, Christopher W. (Christopher Wesley).
3505:will be allocated to presidential candidates.
8112:
6285:
5934:"Election Center 2008 Primaries and Caucuses"
5536:"Iowa GOP declares caucuses 'split decision'"
4801:"The Evolution of the Iowa Precinct Caucuses"
4702:
4527:"Ann Selzer Is The Best Pollster In Politics"
2643:
30:For the most recent Republican caucuses, see
8066:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System
6224:. 2nd ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
5837:
4735:"When are the Iowa caucuses? Great question"
3211:won the Iowa caucuses with 38% of the vote,
2762:2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
2742:2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
5992:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5590:
5530:
5528:
4798:
4787:
3014:Learn how and when to remove these messages
34:. For the ongoing Democratic caucuses, see
8119:
8105:
6292:
6278:
5785:Stein, Lachlan Markay (February 4, 2020).
5621:
4450:
4448:
3470:2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses
3466:2024 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
2806:, candidates have often pursued the "full
2650:
2636:
36:2024 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
32:2024 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses
6265:Website for the Iowa Caucuses (Democrats)
6255:Learn how to caucus: Farm bureau tutorial
5593:"Ron Paul Wins The Iowa Caucuses At Last"
5466:. MyDD. December 27, 2007. Archived from
5286:
4816:
3125:Learn how and when to remove this message
3067:Learn how and when to remove this message
2928:Learn how and when to remove this message
8821:electoral vote changes between elections
6614:Conservative Political Action Conference
6085:"Live Results: Iowa Republican Caucuses"
5964:"2016 Iowa Caucus Results – Open Thread"
5525:
5044:
5013:
3399:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3246:
3236:
2817:
5962:2016 Election Central (February 2016).
5139:
5075:
4831:
4445:
3942:(1%), uncommitted (1%), and others (0%)
809:U.S. House of Representatives elections
14:
9000:
6210:. McFarland Publishing, Jefferson, NC.
6148:
6115:
5974:from the original on February 13, 2016
5766:from the original on February 27, 2020
5694:from the original on February 10, 2019
5538:. Fox News Network. January 19, 2012.
5152:from the original on December 28, 2019
5108:
5090:from the original on November 17, 2022
5057:from the original on November 17, 2022
5026:from the original on November 17, 2022
4980:
4799:Winebrenner, Hugh (January 23, 2015).
4524:
3374:, with 24% and 23% respectively; 3 to
8100:
6273:
6161:from the original on January 16, 2024
6130:from the original on February 4, 2020
6097:from the original on February 3, 2020
6014:from the original on February 5, 2020
5882:from the original on February 8, 2023
5797:from the original on February 8, 2020
5784:
5720:from the original on December 8, 2018
5714:"Iowa Caucus Results – 2016 Election"
5664:from the original on February 2, 2016
5622:Schultheis, Emily (August 25, 2014).
5572:from the original on February 3, 2020
5542:from the original on January 19, 2012
5444:from the original on January 16, 2024
5414:from the original on January 16, 2018
5287:McDermott, Monika (January 5, 2012).
5268:from the original on October 20, 2021
5204:George, Cameron (February 24, 2012).
4917:
4899:from the original on February 6, 2020
4868:Lynch, James Q. (November 19, 2007).
4867:
4844:from the original on January 16, 2024
4775:from the original on October 20, 2023
4715:from the original on February 4, 2023
4654:from the original on January 12, 2021
4563:from the original on January 18, 2021
4433:from the original on February 2, 2016
4407:from the original on January 15, 2024
3954:
3508:
8128:United States presidential elections
8060:California Democratic Party v. Jones
5634:from the original on August 27, 2014
5554:
5400:Healy, Patrick (December 28, 2007).
5045:Lapowsky, Issie (January 11, 2016).
4995:from the original on October 2, 2015
4930:from the original on August 24, 2023
4623:from the original on January 9, 2018
3078:
3049:adding citations to reliable sources
3020:
2979:
2910:adding citations to reliable sources
2881:
2822:A 2008 Democratic caucus meeting in
8740:South Carolina presidential primary
6149:Romano, Andrew (January 16, 2024).
5914:from the original on April 29, 2023
5654:"Microsoft on the hot seat in Iowa"
5603:from the original on March 19, 2016
5381:from the original on August 8, 2008
5351:. November 28, 2007. Archived from
5173:"GOP, be careful what you wish for"
5140:Johnson, John (December 16, 2019).
4962:from the original on March 16, 2020
4886:
4834:"Why Does Iowa Vote First, Anyway?"
4757:
4684:from the original on April 23, 2021
4593:from the original on April 24, 2020
4373:United States presidential election
3476:2024 Republican National Convention
2975:
2877:
24:
8816:Electoral College results by state
8730:New Hampshire presidential primary
6176:
6116:Forgey, Quint (February 3, 2019).
5464:"Where the Iowa Field Offices Are"
5264:. Green Papers. February 1, 2016.
5217:from the original on March 4, 2016
5121:from the original on March 1, 2019
5076:Stevens, Matt (February 6, 2020).
4918:Lopez, German (February 4, 2020).
4745:from the original on June 10, 2023
4703:Will Weissert (February 4, 2023).
4525:Malone, Clare (January 29, 2016).
3366:, with 28% of the vote; 7 each to
2756:still announced plans to hold the
2715:United States presidential primary
2376:House of Representatives elections
25:
9019:
8953:Vice presidential confirmations:
6245:CNN's 2004 Iowa Primaries results
6228:
5902:"Iowa Democratic Delegation 2024"
5852:from the original on July 8, 2023
5684:"Iowa Democratic Delegation 2016"
5402:"Iowa Saturated by Political Ads"
5301:from the original on July 1, 2017
5171:Goldberg, Jonah (March 5, 2012).
5109:Rynard, Pat (February 12, 2019).
5014:Tompkins, Al (February 1, 2016).
4832:Sanders, Sam (January 30, 2016).
3150:convention are required to vote.
2995:This section has multiple issues.
2746:South Carolina Democratic primary
8076:Rotating Regional Primary System
6260:Why do the Iowa caucuses matter?
6250:Iowa Caucus 2016 via The Gazette
5940:from the original on May 7, 2008
5206:"Long, damaging presidential..."
5185:from the original on May 4, 2012
4872:. iowacaucus.com. Archived from
4533:from the original on May 2, 2021
4357:
4343:
4329:
3083:
3025:
2984:
2886:
2740:approved a new calendar for the
53:
6142:
6109:
6077:
6052:
6026:
6000:
5926:
5894:
5864:
5831:
5809:
5778:
5752:
5732:
5706:
5676:
5646:
5615:
5584:
5562:"Santorum declared Iowa winner"
5507:
5456:
5426:
5393:
5367:
5337:
5313:
5280:
5254:
5229:
5197:
5164:
5133:
5102:
5069:
5038:
5007:
4981:Wilson, Reid (August 1, 2014).
4974:
4942:
4911:
4880:
4825:
4727:
4696:
4666:
4583:"DemDaily: First in the Nation"
3963:won the primary. Candidates in
3714:(98%), "Uncommitted" (1%), and
3517:won the primary. Candidates in
3273:(R) were the eventual winners.
3036:needs additional citations for
3003:or discuss these issues on the
2897:needs additional citations for
2833:used by most other states (see
8763:List of nominating conventions
6217:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
6118:"Trump wins Iowa GOP caucuses"
4635:
4605:
4575:
4559:. The Week. February 3, 2020.
4545:
4518:
4485:
4419:
4389:
3503:Democratic National Convention
3201:Democratic National Convention
13:
1:
5838:Cohen, Ethan (July 8, 2023).
5591:Grace Wyler (June 16, 2012).
5332:The Christian Science Monitor
3804:(98%), and "Uncommitted" (2%)
3396:2020 Iowa Republican caucuses
3392:2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses
3318:2016 Iowa Republican caucuses
3314:2016 Iowa Democratic caucuses
3291:2012 Iowa Republican caucuses
3287:2012 Iowa Democratic caucuses
3263:2008 Iowa Republican caucuses
3259:2008 Iowa Democratic caucuses
3233:2008 Iowa Republican caucuses
3229:2008 Iowa Democratic caucuses
3187:2004 Iowa Democratic caucuses
2853:
2781:costs and low participation.
2775:
2754:Republican National Committee
2738:Democratic National Committee
2727:2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses
2723:2020 Iowa Republican caucuses
2434:Territorial Council elections
27:United States electoral event
8848:Certificate of ascertainment
8735:Nevada presidential caucuses
6213:Squire, Peverill, ed. 1989.
3833:State Delegate Equivalents:
3684:(76%), "Uncommitted" (12%),
3346:Democratic precinct 61, 2016
1865:Secretary of State elections
7:
8894:Historical election polling
6198:University of Chicago Press
6182:Hull, Christopher C. 2007.
5749:Retrieved February 8, 2020.
4870:"What happens at a caucus?"
4322:
3967:were incumbent presidents.
3916:Second Round Popular Vote:
3521:were incumbent presidents.
3191:Since Republican President
2860:2020 Iowa Democratic caucus
74:U.S. Presidential elections
10:
9024:
8924:Red states and blue states
8081:Interregional Primary Plan
6240:2012 Iowa Caucuses website
6064:February 23, 2016, at the
3883:First Round Popular Vote:
3459:
3385:
3354:In the Democratic caucus,
3307:
3280:
3222:
3180:
3164:
3155:2012 presidential election
2939:
2813:
1883:Attorney General elections
29:
8972:
8881:
8826:electoral vote recipients
8811:Electoral College margins
8786:
8753:
8715:
8447:
8134:
8051:
7988:
7952:
7909:
7859:
7850:
7800:
7722:
7494:
7234:
7225:
7158:
7133:
7087:
7049:
7008:
6850:
6692:
6678:
6642:
6604:
6510:
6479:
6412:
6350:
6307:
6220:Winebrenner, Hugh. 1998.
6188:Stanford University Press
6034:"IDP Caucus 2020 Results"
6010:. VOX. February 4, 2020.
5745:February 8, 2020, at the
5326:February 1, 2016, at the
2835:U.S. presidential primary
2736:On February 4, 2023, the
6351:National opinion polling
6206:Skipper, John C., 2009.
5936:. CNN. January 4, 2008.
5485:"Caucus Night Reporting"
5377:. CNN. January 3, 2008.
4459:; Donovan, Todd (2011).
4383:
3447:corporation in 2017 and
2758:Iowa Republican caucuses
2750:Iowa Democratic caucuses
8987:Gubernatorial elections
4818:10.17077/0003-4827.8941
4529:. FiveThirtyEight.com.
3455:
3381:
3303:
3276:
3218:
3176:
1477:Gubernatorial elections
8831:popular votes received
8755:Nominating conventions
8717:Primaries and caucuses
6665:South Carolina primary
4427:"Cedar Rapids Gazette"
3855:(12%), and others (2%)
3497:from January 12 until
3405:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3252:
3242:
3094:is missing information
2826:
2698:on election day, Iowa
6655:New Hampshire primary
6413:State opinion polling
5968:2016 Election Central
5440:. December 26, 2007.
4876:on December 22, 2007.
4680:. February 12, 2020.
4318:(8%), and others (1%)
4294:(1%), and others (1%)
4272:(2%), and others (7%)
3913:(2%), and others (1%)
3403:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3250:
3240:
2940:Further information:
2821:
436:U.S. Senate elections
312:Presidential caucuses
8914:Presidential debates
8836:popular-vote margins
8497:District of Columbia
6093:. February 3, 2019.
6040:on February 28, 2020
5827:on February 6, 2020.
5762:. February 5, 2020.
5660:. January 31, 2016.
5568:. January 21, 2012.
5515:"2012 Iowa Caucuses"
4619:. January 31, 2016.
4457:Tolbert, Caroline J.
4337:United States portal
3045:improve this article
2906:improve this article
2802:With an emphasis on
2752:later to March. The
8934:Tipping-point state
8904:Major party tickets
8858:Contingent election
8853:Certificate of vote
8843:Electoral Count Act
8768:Brokered convention
6074:. February 2, 2016.
6059:Iowa Caucus Results
5521:on January 8, 2012.
5241:Des Moines Register
4988:The Washington Post
4771:. October 6, 2023.
4403:. January 4, 2024.
3880:(1), and others (0)
3443:, also founded the
3153:Beginning with the
3096:about caucus rules.
8909:Major party losers
8449:Elections by state
7979:1900 • 1904 • 1908
7134:Constitution Party
6511:Debates and forums
6308:Election timelines
6090:The New York Times
6071:The New York Times
5876:thegreenpapers.com
5821:The New York Times
5407:The New York Times
5115:Iowa Starting Line
5083:The New York Times
4805:The Annals of Iowa
3955:Republican results
3509:Democratic results
3420:The New York Times
3406:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3253:
3243:
2827:
65:Federal government
8995:
8994:
8868:Unpledged elector
8863:Faithless elector
8788:Electoral College
8773:Convention bounce
8135:Elections by year
8094:
8093:
8047:
8046:
8043:
8042:
7990:Progressive Party
7724:Libertarian Party
7159:Results breakdown
7154:
7153:
7009:Libertarian Party
6584:Libertarian Party
5878:. March 5, 2023.
5470:on March 6, 2009.
4769:Iowa Public Radio
4741:. June 10, 2023.
4589:. July 11, 2019.
4503:978-1-137-52814-8
4455:Redlawsk, David;
4074:George H. W. Bush
4054:George H. W. Bush
3995:George H. W. Bush
3135:
3134:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3018:
2942:Walking subcaucus
2938:
2937:
2930:
2708:midterm elections
2692:registered voters
2688:primary elections
2660:
2659:
2625:
2624:
2575:Mayoral elections
2557:
2556:
2542:Mayoral elections
2524:
2523:
2485:
2484:
1434:General elections
1415:
1414:
47:Elections in Iowa
16:(Redirected from
9015:
8982:Senate elections
8939:Election recount
8919:October surprise
8889:Campaign slogans
8791:and popular vote
8121:
8114:
8107:
8098:
8097:
8086:National Primary
7857:
7856:
7496:Republican Party
7236:Democratic Party
7232:
7231:
7193:Republican Party
7170:Democratic Party
6852:Republican Party
6694:Democratic Party
6690:
6689:
6555:Republican Party
6518:Democratic Party
6447:Republican Party
6419:Democratic Party
6380:Republican Party
6357:Democratic Party
6294:
6287:
6280:
6271:
6270:
6186:. Stanford, CA:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6081:
6075:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5991:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5907:The Green Papers
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5756:
5750:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5688:The Green Papers
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5628:National Journal
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5597:Business Insider
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5491:. Archived from
5481:
5472:
5471:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5341:
5335:
5334:January 26, 2016
5319:Story Hinckley,
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5258:
5252:
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5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5201:
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5168:
5162:
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5159:
5157:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5106:
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5095:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4893:Films For Action
4884:
4878:
4877:
4865:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4796:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4639:
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4630:
4628:
4609:
4603:
4602:
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4522:
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4482:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4393:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4230:Michele Bachmann
4016:John B. Anderson
3928:Elizabeth Warren
3895:Elizabeth Warren
3870:Elizabeth Warren
3845:Elizabeth Warren
3588:Henry M. Jackson
3554:Henry M. Jackson
3550:Shirley Chisholm
3449:Courier Newsroom
3130:
3123:
3112:
3109:
3103:
3087:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3029:
3021:
3010:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2976:Republican Party
2933:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2890:
2882:
2878:Democratic Party
2868:Sen. Dick Durbin
2844:midterm election
2831:primary election
2694:cast ballots at
2668:electoral events
2666:are quadrennial
2652:
2645:
2638:
2572:
2571:
2539:
2538:
2498:
2497:
1911:Senate elections
1430:
1429:
1425:State government
388:
324:
70:
69:
57:
56:
43:
42:
21:
9023:
9022:
9018:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9012:
8998:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8977:House elections
8968:
8949:Guam straw poll
8877:
8790:
8782:
8749:
8711:
8443:
8130:
8125:
8095:
8090:
8039:
7984:
7948:
7912:Greenback Party
7905:
7846:
7796:
7718:
7490:
7227:
7221:
7150:
7129:
7083:
7045:
7004:
6846:
6682:
6674:
6660:Nevada caucuses
6638:
6619:Iowa State Fair
6600:
6506:
6475:
6408:
6346:
6303:
6298:
6231:
6202:www.whyiowa.org
6179:
6177:Further reading
6174:
6164:
6162:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6114:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6066:Wayback Machine
6057:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5975:
5960:
5953:
5943:
5941:
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5917:
5915:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5836:
5832:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5791:The Daily Beast
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5747:Wayback Machine
5737:
5733:
5723:
5721:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5697:
5695:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5667:
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5637:
5635:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5534:
5533:
5526:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5495:on June 4, 2012
5483:
5482:
5475:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5398:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5355:on May 13, 2013
5343:
5342:
5338:
5328:Wayback Machine
5318:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5285:
5281:
5271:
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5012:
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4998:
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4959:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4916:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4887:Bilaval, Saib.
4885:
4881:
4866:
4857:
4847:
4845:
4830:
4826:
4797:
4788:
4778:
4776:
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4436:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4378:Iowa Straw Poll
4363:
4358:
4356:
4351:Politics portal
4349:
4342:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4316:Vivek Ramaswamy
4096:Lamar Alexander
4084:(February 12):
4070:(February 10):
4028:(February 20):
3957:
3822:Martin O'Malley
3813:Hillary Clinton
3784:Bill Richardson
3780:Hillary Clinton
3760:Dennis Kucinich
3706:(February 12):
3678:(February 10):
3662:Michael Dukakis
3626:George McGovern
3614:(February 20):
3584:Sargent Shriver
3546:Eugene McCarthy
3542:Hubert Humphrey
3538:George McGovern
3511:
3495:mail-in ballots
3472:
3460:Main articles:
3458:
3398:
3386:Main articles:
3384:
3356:Hillary Clinton
3340:
3339:
3320:
3308:Main articles:
3306:
3293:
3281:Main articles:
3279:
3255:
3254:
3235:
3223:Main articles:
3221:
3215:coming second.
3189:
3181:Main articles:
3179:
3171:political party
3167:
3131:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3097:
3088:
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2989:
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2978:
2944:
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2917:
2914:
2903:
2891:
2880:
2856:
2824:Iowa City, Iowa
2816:
2804:retail politics
2796:Iowa Straw Poll
2778:
2766:mail-in ballots
2678:parties in the
2656:
2627:
2626:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2495:
2494:Ballot measures
2487:
2486:
1427:
1417:
1416:
384:
320:
67:
54:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9021:
9011:
9010:
8993:
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8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8657:South Carolina
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8622:North Carolina
8619:
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8609:
8604:
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8002:
7994:
7992:
7986:
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7982:
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7968:
7960:
7958:
7955:Populist Party
7950:
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7925:
7917:
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7907:
7906:
7904:
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6229:External links
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5731:
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5524:
5506:
5489:Iowa Democrats
5473:
5455:
5425:
5392:
5366:
5336:
5312:
5279:
5253:
5228:
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5163:
5132:
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4811:(8): 618–635.
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4320:
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4300:(January 15):
4295:
4278:(February 3):
4273:
4242:(February 1):
4237:
4201:
4165:
4160:George W. Bush
4156:(January 19):
4151:
4127:George W. Bush
4124:(January 24):
4119:
4079:
4065:
4042:(February 8):
4037:
4023:
3992:(January 21):
3987:
3974:(January 19):
3956:
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3952:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3924:Pete Buttigieg
3919:Bernie Sanders
3914:
3891:Pete Buttigieg
3886:Bernie Sanders
3881:
3866:Bernie Sanders
3861:Pete Buttigieg
3856:
3841:Bernie Sanders
3836:Pete Buttigieg
3830:(February 3):
3825:
3818:Bernie Sanders
3810:(February 1):
3805:
3791:
3763:
3740:(January 19):
3735:
3724:(January 24):
3719:
3701:
3673:
3650:(February 8):
3645:
3617:Walter Mondale
3609:
3596:(January 21):
3591:
3576:Fred R. Harris
3562:(January 19):
3557:
3528:(January 24):
3510:
3507:
3482:, followed by
3457:
3454:
3383:
3380:
3360:Bernie Sanders
3330:
3329:
3305:
3302:
3278:
3275:
3245:
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3220:
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3193:George W. Bush
3178:
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2774:
2696:polling places
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
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1982:
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1962:
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1023:
1013:
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1003:
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992:
991:
981:
976:
971:
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969:
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958:
957:
949:
944:
939:
938:
937:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
908:
907:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
841:
840:
830:
825:
820:
812:
811:
805:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
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737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
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687:
682:
677:
672:
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657:
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637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
439:
438:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
315:
314:
308:
307:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
77:
76:
68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9020:
9009:
9008:Iowa caucuses
9006:
9005:
9003:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8963:
8960:
8958:
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8952:
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8944:
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8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
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8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8873:Voter turnout
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8779:
8778:Superdelegate
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8745:Super Tuesday
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8725:Iowa caucuses
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8714:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8697:West Virginia
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8602:New Hampshire
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8562:Massachusetts
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8122:
8117:
8115:
8110:
8108:
8103:
8102:
8099:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8071:Delaware Plan
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8061:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8036:
8035:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8024:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8010:
8008:
8007:
8003:
8001:
8000:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7991:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7933:
7931:
7930:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7897:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7843:
7842:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7799:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
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7547:
7545:
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7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7167:
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7161:
7157:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
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7098:
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7090:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
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6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
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4206:(January 3):
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2872:Julián Castro
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8899:Election Day
8724:
8662:South Dakota
8652:Rhode Island
8647:Pennsylvania
8627:North Dakota
8436:
8058:
8032:
8025:
8018:
8011:
8004:
7997:
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7898:
7891:
7884:
7877:
7870:
7860:
7851:
7840:
7484:
7088:Reform Party
7076:
6649:
6643:Major events
6624:
6340:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6193:
6183:
6163:. Retrieved
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6121:
6111:
6099:. Retrieved
6088:
6079:
6069:
6054:
6044:February 12,
6042:. Retrieved
6038:the original
6028:
6016:. Retrieved
6002:
5976:. Retrieved
5967:
5942:. Retrieved
5928:
5916:. Retrieved
5905:
5896:
5884:. Retrieved
5875:
5866:
5854:. Retrieved
5843:
5833:
5825:the original
5820:
5811:
5799:. Retrieved
5790:
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5754:
5734:
5724:February 20,
5722:. Retrieved
5708:
5698:February 20,
5696:. Retrieved
5687:
5678:
5666:. Retrieved
5657:
5648:
5636:. Retrieved
5627:
5617:
5605:. Retrieved
5596:
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5565:
5556:
5544:. Retrieved
5519:the original
5509:
5497:. Retrieved
5493:the original
5488:
5468:the original
5458:
5446:. Retrieved
5428:
5418:February 22,
5416:. Retrieved
5405:
5395:
5383:. Retrieved
5369:
5357:. Retrieved
5353:the original
5339:
5331:
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5292:
5282:
5270:. Retrieved
5256:
5246:November 30,
5244:. Retrieved
5240:
5231:
5219:. Retrieved
5208:
5199:
5189:September 1,
5187:. Retrieved
5176:
5166:
5156:December 28,
5154:. Retrieved
5145:
5135:
5125:February 28,
5123:. Retrieved
5114:
5104:
5094:November 17,
5092:. Retrieved
5081:
5071:
5061:November 17,
5059:. Retrieved
5050:
5040:
5030:November 17,
5028:. Retrieved
5019:
5009:
4997:. Retrieved
4986:
4976:
4966:February 11,
4964:. Retrieved
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4923:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4892:
4882:
4874:the original
4846:. Retrieved
4827:
4808:
4804:
4777:. Retrieved
4768:
4759:
4747:. Retrieved
4738:
4729:
4717:. Retrieved
4708:
4698:
4688:February 13,
4686:. Retrieved
4677:
4668:
4656:. Retrieved
4647:
4637:
4627:December 30,
4625:. Retrieved
4616:
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4586:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4556:
4547:
4535:. Retrieved
4520:
4493:
4487:
4460:
4435:. Retrieved
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4400:
4391:
4308:Ron DeSantis
4303:Donald Trump
4301:
4282:Donald Trump
4280:
4279:
4250:Donald Trump
4243:
4234:Jon Huntsman
4207:
4171:
4158:
4157:
4132:Steve Forbes
4125:
4116:Morry Taylor
4100:Steve Forbes
4092:Pat Buchanan
4085:
4072:
4071:
4043:
4030:
4029:
4004:Howard Baker
3993:
3976:
3975:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3917:
3884:
3859:
3834:
3811:
3800:Barack Obama
3798:
3797:
3776:John Edwards
3771:Barack Obama
3769:
3748:John Edwards
3741:
3732:Bill Bradley
3725:
3710:Bill Clinton
3708:
3707:
3690:Bill Clinton
3686:Paul Tsongas
3679:
3651:
3638:Reubin Askew
3615:
3600:Jimmy Carter
3598:
3597:
3580:Morris Udall
3568:Jimmy Carter
3563:
3529:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3492:
3484:Ron DeSantis
3480:Donald Trump
3473:
3441:Tara McGowan
3434:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3368:Donald Trump
3353:
3349:
3297:Barack Obama
3294:
3267:Barack Obama
3256:
3213:John Edwards
3205:
3198:
3190:
3168:
3159:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3121:
3108:January 2016
3105:
3093:
3063:
3057:January 2016
3054:
3043:Please help
3038:verification
3035:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2997:Please help
2994:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2924:
2918:January 2024
2915:
2904:Please help
2899:verification
2896:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2828:
2801:
2793:
2790:
2783:
2779:
2735:
2720:
2712:
2704:presidential
2663:
2661:
2534:Cedar Rapids
311:
40:
8929:Swing state
8577:Mississippi
8487:Connecticut
7802:Green Party
7228:conventions
7050:Green Party
6606:Straw polls
6592:Green Party
6480:Fundraising
6165:January 16,
6155:Yahoo! News
6134:February 4,
6101:February 4,
6018:February 7,
5978:February 4,
5886:February 6,
5801:February 7,
5770:February 7,
5668:February 2,
5607:January 21,
5576:February 3,
5546:January 19,
5359:October 27,
5272:February 2,
5221:February 1,
5020:Poynter.org
4903:February 9,
4848:February 2,
4779:October 19,
4719:February 4,
4658:February 4,
4597:January 26,
4587:demlist.com
4567:February 4,
4557:theweek.com
4537:February 5,
4437:January 20,
4411:January 16,
4365:Iowa portal
4312:Nikki Haley
4254:Marco Rubio
4214:Mitt Romney
4186:John McCain
4178:Mitt Romney
4164:(unopposed)
4148:Orrin Hatch
4144:John McCain
4078:(unopposed)
4062:Pete DuPont
4060:(11%), and
4036:(unopposed)
3978:Gerald Ford
3940:Andrew Yang
3907:Andrew Yang
3858:Delegates:
3820:(49%), and
3758:(11%), and
3752:Howard Dean
3716:Ralph Nader
3698:Jerry Brown
3606:Ted Kennedy
3488:Nikki Haley
3437:Shadow Inc.
3372:Marco Rubio
2772:, March 5.
2517:Amendment 1
18:Iowa caucus
8692:Washington
8612:New Mexico
8607:New Jersey
8477:California
7862:Whig Party
6628:Ames, Iowa
5944:January 4,
5638:August 30,
5499:January 4,
4934:August 23,
4258:Ben Carson
4232:(5%), and
4226:Rick Perry
4196:(4%), and
4146:(5%), and
4140:Gary Bauer
4136:Alan Keyes
4114:(4%), and
4108:Alan Keyes
4104:Phil Gramm
4018:(4%), and
4012:Phil Crane
3982:(45%) and
3950:(March 5):
3911:Tom Steyer
3786:(2%), and
3743:John Kerry
3730:(63%) and
3696:(2%), and
3694:Bob Kerrey
3681:Tom Harkin
3668:(9%), and
3658:Paul Simon
3640:(3%), and
3634:John Glenn
3604:(59%) and
3586:(3%), and
3572:Birch Bayh
3552:(1%), and
3376:Ben Carson
3209:John Kerry
3000:improve it
2854:Criticisms
2784:After the
2776:Background
2731:Troy Price
2680:U.S. state
2676:Republican
2672:Democratic
2567:Des Moines
2507:Question 1
386:Republican
322:Democratic
8702:Wisconsin
8667:Tennessee
8572:Minnesota
8547:Louisiana
7226:National
6685:primaries
6196:Chicago:
5918:April 29,
5438:Bloomberg
5178:USA Today
4999:August 2,
4512:934936718
4479:606053997
4292:Joe Walsh
4288:Bill Weld
4262:Rand Paul
4058:Jack Kemp
3932:Joe Biden
3899:Joe Biden
3874:Joe Biden
3849:Joe Biden
3788:Joe Biden
3622:Gary Hart
3430:Tom Perez
3100:talk page
3006:talk page
2686:. Unlike
9002:Category
8797:Results
8687:Virginia
8637:Oklahoma
8617:New York
8592:Nebraska
8582:Missouri
8567:Michigan
8557:Maryland
8542:Kentucky
8522:Illinois
8492:Delaware
8482:Colorado
8472:Arkansas
6680:Caucuses
6625:defunct:
6159:Archived
6128:Archived
6123:Politico
6095:Archived
6062:Archived
6012:Archived
5988:cite web
5972:Archived
5938:Archived
5912:Archived
5880:Archived
5850:Archived
5795:Archived
5764:Archived
5743:Archived
5718:Archived
5692:Archived
5662:Archived
5658:The Hill
5632:Archived
5601:Archived
5570:Archived
5566:Politico
5540:Archived
5448:March 7,
5442:Archived
5412:Archived
5379:Archived
5349:CBS News
5324:Archived
5299:Archived
5294:CBS News
5266:Archived
5215:Archived
5210:The Hill
5183:Archived
5150:Archived
5119:Archived
5088:Archived
5055:Archived
5024:Archived
4993:Archived
4957:Archived
4928:Archived
4897:Archived
4842:Archived
4773:Archived
4749:June 10,
4743:Archived
4739:Politico
4713:Archived
4682:Archived
4678:NBC News
4652:Archived
4648:ABC News
4621:Archived
4591:Archived
4561:Archived
4531:Archived
4431:Archived
4405:Archived
4323:See also
4266:Jeb Bush
4245:Ted Cruz
4218:Ron Paul
4190:Ron Paul
4087:Bob Dole
4045:Bob Dole
4020:Bob Dole
3425:NBC News
3364:Ted Cruz
3269:(D) and
2808:Grassley
2725:and the
2700:caucuses
2690:, where
2670:for the
2367:Specials
8882:Related
8801:summary
8707:Wyoming
8682:Vermont
8587:Montana
8527:Indiana
8507:Georgia
8502:Florida
8467:Arizona
8457:Alabama
8052:Reforms
7852:Defunct
6541:debates
5856:July 8,
5716:. CNN.
5305:June 9,
4709:AP NEWS
4401:AP News
4314:(19%),
4310:(21%),
4306:(51%),
4286:(97%),
4256:(23%),
4252:(24%),
4248:(28%),
4228:(10%),
4224:(13%),
4220:(21%),
4216:(25%),
4212:(25%),
4192:(10%),
4188:(13%),
4184:(13%),
4180:(25%),
4176:(34%),
4138:(14%),
4134:(31%),
4130:(41%),
4102:(10%),
4098:(18%),
4094:(23%),
4090:(26%),
4056:(19%),
4052:(25%),
4048:(37%),
4006:(15%),
4002:(30%),
3998:(32%),
3965:italics
3938:(12%),
3934:(14%),
3930:(20%),
3926:(25%),
3922:(27%),
3905:(13%),
3901:(15%),
3897:(18%),
3893:(21%),
3889:(25%),
3851:(16%),
3847:(18%),
3843:(26%),
3839:(26%),
3816:(50%),
3782:(29%),
3778:(30%),
3774:(38%),
3754:(18%),
3750:(32%),
3746:(38%),
3727:Al Gore
3664:(22%),
3660:(27%),
3656:(31%),
3628:(10%),
3624:(17%),
3620:(49%),
3578:(10%),
3574:(13%),
3570:(28%),
3566:(37%),
3540:(23%),
3536:(36%),
3532:(36%),
3519:italics
3445:ACRONYM
3165:History
2814:Process
2583:1997 sp
1068:11th sp
1021:10th sp
645:1936 sp
625:1926 sp
610:1922 sp
585:1911 sp
575:1908 sp
560:1902 sp
520:1882 sp
500:1870 sp
490:1866 sp
465:1857 sp
8642:Oregon
8597:Nevada
8537:Kansas
8512:Hawaii
8462:Alaska
6546:forums
5385:May 5,
5146:Newser
4510:
4500:
4477:
4467:
4290:(1%),
4268:(3%),
4264:(5%),
4260:(9%),
4142:(9%),
4110:(7%),
4106:(9%),
4014:(7%),
4010:(9%),
3909:(5%),
3868:(12),
3864:(14),
3692:(3%),
3688:(4%),
3636:(4%),
3632:(7%),
3582:(6%),
3548:(1%),
3544:(2%),
3468:, and
3394:, and
3316:, and
3289:, and
3231:, and
2768:until
1241:4th sp
1191:9th sp
1179:6th sp
1142:9th sp
1120:8th sp
1105:5th sp
1080:2nd sp
1056:9th sp
989:7th sp
967:7th sp
955:6th sp
935:5th sp
905:2nd sp
873:1st sp
838:1st sp
8672:Texas
8552:Maine
8517:Idaho
6633:Texas
6537:2020
5051:Wired
4960:(PDF)
4953:(PDF)
4384:Notes
3986:(43%)
3876:(6),
3872:(8),
3824:(1%)`
3734:(37%)
3608:(31%)
2839:polls
1237:1959
1116:1923
1101:1921
1052:1911
951:1883
931:1879
869:1861
8962:1974
8957:1973
8943:2000
8677:Utah
8632:Ohio
8532:Iowa
8438:2024
8432:2020
8427:2016
8422:2012
8417:2008
8412:2004
8407:2000
8402:1996
8397:1992
8392:1988
8387:1984
8382:1980
8377:1976
8372:1972
8367:1968
8362:1964
8357:1960
8352:1956
8347:1952
8342:1948
8337:1944
8332:1940
8327:1936
8322:1932
8317:1928
8312:1924
8307:1920
8302:1916
8297:1912
8292:1908
8287:1904
8282:1900
8277:1896
8272:1892
8267:1888
8262:1884
8257:1880
8252:1876
8247:1872
8242:1868
8237:1864
8232:1860
8227:1856
8222:1852
8217:1848
8212:1844
8207:1840
8202:1836
8197:1832
8192:1828
8187:1824
8182:1820
8177:1816
8172:1812
8167:1808
8162:1804
8157:1800
8152:1796
8147:1792
8142:1788
8034:1952
8027:1948
8020:1924
8013:1920
8006:1916
7999:1912
7972:1896
7965:1892
7943:1888
7936:1884
7929:1880
7922:1876
7900:1856
7893:1852
7886:1848
7879:1844
7872:1839
7841:2024
7835:2020
7830:2016
7825:2012
7820:2008
7815:2004
7810:2000
7792:2024
7787:2020
7782:2016
7777:2014
7772:2012
7767:2010
7762:2008
7757:2004
7752:2000
7747:1996
7742:1991
7737:1987
7732:1983
7714:2024
7709:2020
7704:2016
7699:2012
7694:2008
7689:2004
7684:2000
7679:1996
7674:1992
7669:1988
7664:1984
7659:1980
7654:1976
7649:1972
7644:1968
7639:1964
7634:1960
7629:1956
7624:1952
7619:1948
7614:1944
7609:1940
7604:1936
7599:1932
7594:1928
7589:1924
7584:1920
7579:1916
7574:1912
7569:1908
7564:1904
7559:1900
7554:1896
7549:1892
7544:1888
7539:1884
7534:1880
7529:1876
7524:1872
7519:1868
7514:1864
7509:1860
7504:1856
7485:2024
7479:2020
7474:2016
7469:2012
7464:2008
7459:2004
7454:2000
7449:1996
7444:1992
7439:1988
7434:1984
7429:1980
7424:1976
7419:1972
7414:1968
7409:1964
7404:1960
7399:1956
7394:1952
7389:1948
7384:1944
7379:1940
7374:1936
7369:1932
7364:1928
7359:1924
7354:1920
7349:1916
7344:1912
7339:1908
7334:1904
7329:1900
7324:1896
7319:1892
7314:1888
7309:1884
7304:1880
7299:1876
7294:1872
7289:1868
7284:1864
7279:1860
7274:1856
7269:1852
7264:1848
7259:1844
7254:1840
7249:1835
7244:1832
7217:2024
7212:2020
7207:2016
7202:2012
7197:2008
7189:2024
7184:2020
7179:2016
7174:2008
7146:2020
7141:2016
7125:2020
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