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hyphomycetes, with their dark-coloured mycelia, produce particularly attractive black zone lines when they colonise the areas occupied by two antagonistic basidiomycete individuals. Spalted wood can be difficult to work, since different individual wood-rotting fungi have different decay efficiencies,
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is applied by woodworkers to wood showing strongly-figured zone lines, particularly those cases where the area of "no-man's land" between two antagonistic conspecific mycelia is colonised by another species of fungus.
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Although the attribution of individual status to the mycelia confined by intraspecific zone lines is a comparatively new idea, zone lines themselves have been known since time immemorial. The term
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wood rotting fungi grew and met within the substratum, they fused, cooperated, and shared nuclei freely. Rayner and Todd's insight was that basidiomycete fungi individuals do, in most "adult" or
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Instraspecific antagonism can also sometimes be of assistance in quickly recognising the membership of clones in those fungi, particularly root-rots such as
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tree trunk or branch were incubated in plastic bags appeared to be due to a reaction between different individuals of the same species of
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A small stable of postgraduate and postdoctoral students helped elucidate the mechanisms underlying these intermycelial interactions, at
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encroachment, and inter-specific interactions, but the lines observed by Rayner and Todd when transversely-cut sections of
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community was that of the "unit mycelium". This was the theory that when two different individuals of the same species of
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61:. Intraspecific antagonism is one of the expressions of a phenomenon known as vegetative or somatic incompatibility.
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Rayner, A D M; Todd, N K (1979). "Population and community structure and dynamics of fungi in decaying wood".
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and thus produce zones of different softness, and the zone lines themselves are usually unrotted and hard.
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This was a startling inference at a time when the prevailing orthodoxy within the
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where individual mycelia may colonise large areas, or more than one tree.
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means a disharmonious or antagonistic interaction between two
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in the late 1970s, to characterise a particular kind of
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73:for many reasons, including host reactions against
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149:It is even the subject of a recent patent.
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115:Applications of intraspecific antagonism
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111:(Rayner), over the next few years.
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254:Rayner, A D M; Todd, N K (1977).
38:term, but was actually coined by
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298:Fungal morphology and anatomy
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243:. London: Arnold Publishers.
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273:10.1099/00221287-103-1-85
34:. As such, it could be a
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24:Intraspecific antagonism
124:Zone lines in driftwood
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239:Burnett J.H. (1976).
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65:Fungal individualism
16:For other uses, see
69:Zone lines form in
56:wood-rotting fungal
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109:University of Bath
79:brown-rotted birch
260:J. Gen. Microbiol
105:Exeter University
48:Exeter University
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175:(1): 24–36.
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36:sociological
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210:: 333–420.
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46:working at
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40:Alan Rayner
28:individuals
287:Categories
155:References
144:Armillarea
98:dikaryotic
18:Antagonism
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169:Mycologia
75:parasitic
52:zone line
293:Mycology
131:spalting
189:3761169
59:mycelia
32:species
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83:fungus
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