32:
1917:
814:
1196:: ТСПУ, технические средства противодействия угрозам, English: technical measures for threat protection), has been introduced in 2019 legislation that also proposed isolation of Russian segment of the Internet. The change, passed under the rationale of protecting Russian network from external attacks, has been described by activists as actually introduced with intention of strengthening the content censorship that has proven ineffective in many cases in the past.
6470:
6480:
1730:
1340:" (passed July 2016) is a package of several legislative amendments which include extensions to data retention. Among other changes, it requires telecom operators to store recordings of phone conversations, text messages and users' internet traffic for up to 6 months, as well as metadata for up to 3 years. This data as well as "all other information necessary" is available to authorities on request and without a court order.
609:
855:, can block certain classes of content without a court order: Calls for unsanctioned public actions, content deemed extremist, materials that violate copyright, information about juvenile victims of crime, child abuse imagery, information encouraging the use of drugs, and descriptions of suicide. Other content can be blocked with a court order.
998:, a public transport safety video, was blocked as "suicide propaganda"; websites discussing federalization of Siberia—as "attack on the foundations of the constitution"; an article on a gay activist being fired from job as well as LGBT support communities—as "propaganda of non-traditional sex relations"; publishing
1029:
proposed a number of further
Internet controls to prevent hostile "influence on the population of the country, especially young people, intended to weaken cultural and spiritual values". Prevention of this "influence" also includes active countermeasures such as actions targeted at the population and
1743:
criticized the procedure by which entries are added to the blacklist as "extremely opaque", and viewed it as part of an attack on the freedom of information in Russia. In 2012, when the banned content only included child pornography, drugs and suicide, the human rights activists have expressed fear
1709:
offers a website where users can check to see whether a given URL or IP address is in the blacklist, and can also report websites which contain prohibited materials to the authorities. After a submission is verified, Roskomnadzor will inform the website's owner and hosting provider. If the material
943:
noted, that while "the absence of overt state-mandated
Internet filtering in Russia has led some observers to conclude that the Russian Internet represents an open and uncontested space", the government had a consistent, strategic approach to taking control over the information in electronic media.
931:
acknowledged that Russia was ranked only as the world's 63rd country based on estimates of the level of communications infrastructure development. He stressed the necessity to provide broadband
Internet access to the whole Russian territory in five years, and to manage the transition to digital TV,
781:
began installing equipment to isolate Russia, including mobile phones, from the rest of the
Internet in the event the government directs such action, as required by a law taking effect in November 2019. The government's justification was to counteract potential cyber attacks from the United States,
1580:
At the time of introduction the list was described as a means for the protection of children from harmful content; particularly content which glorifies drug usage, advocates suicide or describes suicide methods, or contains child pornography. In 2013 legislative amendments allowed the blocking of
1142:
on their
Facebook pages, because the video was authored by "Open Russia", who is considered an "undesirable organization" by Russian authorities. The watchdog also noted an increasing trend of law enforcement using article 20.33 of the administrative violations code ("undesirable organizations"),
720:
A law prohibiting "abuse of mass media freedom" implements a process for the shutting down of online media outlets. In March 2019 the bill which introduced fines for those who are deemed (by the government) to be spreading "fake news" and show "blatant disrespect" toward the state authorities was
1328:
provisions. Among other changes, it requires all web services to store the user data of
Russian citizens on servers within the country. Sites which did not comply with this requirement by September 2016 may be added to the internet blacklist. Since August 2014, the law requires operators of free
874:
In 2004 only a minority of
Russians (8% of the population) had Internet access. In May 2008, some 32.7 million users in Russia had access to the Internet (almost 30% of the population). In 2012, 75.9 million Russians (53% of the population) had access. In December 2015, most of the country, 92.8
918:
Even discounting the chaotic nature of the web, there is plenty of
Russian-language material on political and social issues that is well-written and represents a wide range of views. This does not mean, though, that most Russians are well-informed of the important political and social issues of
1771:
has criticized the blacklist, stating: "EFF is profoundly opposed to government censorship of the
Internet, which violates its citizens right to freedom of expression... We are especially concerned about the censorship of independent news and opposing political views, which are essential to a
1002:
logo—as "insult of the feelings of believers"; criticism of overspending of local governor—"insult of the authorities"; publishing a poem in support of
Ukraine—"inciting hatred" etc. A separate class of materials blocked due to "extremism" are several religious publications, mostly
919:
today. But this is largely a matter of personal choice, not government restrictions. If somebody is too lazy to make just a few clicks to read and become aware of various issues and points of view, maybe he deserves to be fed bland, one-sided government propaganda.
984:
The law allowed for flexible interpretation and inclusion of a wide array of content which was frequently abused by the law enforcement and administration for blanket blocking of publications criticizing state policy or describing daily problems of life in Russia.
829:
2574:, Research section at the OpenNet Initiative web site, a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa
1119:
The FSB has also started lobbying against any "external" satellite Internet access initiatives, including proposals to introduce stricter controls against satellite Internet receivers, as well as opposition against Roskosmos taking orders to bring
1094:, instances of censorship increased by a factor of 1.5 from 2013 to 2014. The incidents documented include not only instances of Internet blocking but also the use of force to shut down Internet users, such as beatings of bloggers or police raids.
890:, noted the high quality of news and reaction speed of Russia's Internet media. Virtually all the main newspapers were available online, some even opting for Web as a sole information outlet. Russia's press agencies (including the most important
752:
in 2009 (score 49), 2011 (score 52), 2012 (score 52), 2013 (score 54), and 2014 (score 60) and as "not free" in 2015 (score 62), 2016 (score 65), 2017 (score 66), and 2018 (score 67) where scores range from 0 (most free) to 100 (least free).
1936:
and "knowingly false" information regarding the Russian military—which includes any materials and reporting that does not align with official government information and statements. These orders have applied primarily to foreign (such as
6435:
1408:
can issue warnings to the editorial board of mass media and websites registered as mass media concerning "abuse of mass media freedom." According to the "Law on Mass Media", such abuse can include "extremist" content, information on
1581:
content "suspected in extremism", "calling for illegal meetings", "inciting hatred" and any other actions "violating the established order". This content can be blocked without a court order by the office of the Prosecutor General.
1512:
667:
3879:Единый реестр доменных имён, указателей страниц сайтов в сети «Интернет» и сетевых адресов, позволяющих идентифицировать сайты в сети «Интернет», содержащие информацию, распространение которой в Российской Федерации запрещено
6445:
1217:
services in Russia to establish identity of users creating accounts in these services by means of verification of their mobile number. SIM card registration using passport is mandatory since 2010's. Using a public
6404:
1687:(Vladimir Kharitonov v. Russia, OOO Flavus and Others v. Russia, Engels v. Russia) and in 2020 ruled that actions of Russian law enforcement in these cases was in clear violation of articles 10 and 13 of the
3884:
Common register of domain names, Internet website page locators, and network addresses that allow identifying Internet websites which contain information that is prohibited for distribution in the Russian
6842:
1807:
in 2015, after which all suspected 'undesirable organizations' websites could also be arbitrarily blocked by the Prosecutor General's Office. After that, the 'undesirable' websites of philanthropist
6440:
1714:
must block it. The full content of the blacklist initially was not available to the general public, although soon after it was implemented, a leaked list of blacklisted websites was published by a
1294:
and content, including phone calls, email traffic and web browsing activity. Metadata can be obtained without a warrant. In 2014, the system was expanded to include social media platforms, and the
6857:
6809:
6399:
4153:
1873:
Roskomnadzor intensified use of TSPUs in what was interpreted as an attempt to suppress use of the website, including attempts to throttle IP addresses associated with Google services such as
6814:
6666:
6409:
1870:
on "Smart Voting" was secured by an agricultural company, Woolintertrade, which successfully received an injunction against Google and Yandex requiring them to censor queries for the string.
1991:
In April–July 2022, the Russian authorities put several Knowledge articles on their list of forbidden sites, and then ordered search engines to mark Knowledge as a violator of Russian laws.
6819:
6274:
1047:
837:
5258:
2925:
1343:
As of January 2018, companies registered in Russia as "organizers of information dissemination", such as online messaging applications, will not be permitted to allow unidentified users.
848:
4513:
1988:, a Minsk-based Russian Knowledge editor who was editing the article about the invasion, accusing him of the "spread of anti-Russian materials" and of violating Russian "fake news" law.
763:
Russia was found to engage in selective Internet filtering in the political and social areas and evidence of filtering was found in the conflict/security and Internet tools areas by the
666:
is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms. Since 2012, Russia maintains a centralized internet blacklist (known as the "single register") maintained by the
6736:
6676:
6184:
1836:
6847:
5273:
6867:
6852:
6799:
6751:
6746:
6394:
4768:
6837:
6604:
6544:
4827:
Normative acts. The website of the Russian Department of Monitoring of Communications, Information technologies, and mass Communications (ROSKOMNADZOR) accessed September 30, 2020
6862:
6804:
6691:
6661:
6164:
5865:
5511:
6681:
6455:
3435:
4479:
789:
As of late February 2022, two of the world's leading social media platforms Facebook and Twitter have been restricted in Russia by Roskomnadzor as a wartime measure amid the
5268:
4251:
5586:
981:. In 2013, the blacklist law was amended with content "suspected in extremism", "calling for illegal meetings", "inciting hatred" and "violating the established order".
905:
noted that, "The Internet is the freest area of the media in Russia, where almost all television and many newspapers are under formal or unofficial government control".
3180:
5920:
1450:
On Amending Federal Law "On the Protection of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development and Other Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
4406:"Under pressure How the Russian authorities have expanded their fight against Alexey Navalny's 'Smart Vote' initiative ahead of September's parliamentary elections"
5804:
5205:
456:
5980:
3614:
3230:
1091:
5358:
1030:
young people of the states attempting to weaken Russia's cultural values. Another initiative proposes giving Roskomnadzor right to block any domain within the
5308:
4088:
1908:
tied to Smart Voting from its platform, stating that it was required to comply in order to comply with the terms of service of Apple and Google's app stores.
4378:
4308:[List of foreign and international non-governmental organizations which actions are recognized unwanted on the territory of the Russian Federation].
5395:
5243:
4360:
4794:
5596:
5521:
5461:
5313:
2237:
1877:, and added Smart Voting's URLs to its blacklist as "extremist" materials, as they were classified as a continuation of the operations of the "extremist"
5124:
4454:
5970:
5744:
5704:
5501:
5365:
5338:
5293:
1672:
signed a bill, which took effect 1 November 2017, which bans all software and websites related to circumventing internet filtering in Russia, including
189:
5561:
5531:
5415:
4306:"Перечень иностранных и международных неправительственных организаций, деятельность которых признана нежелательной на территории российской федерации"
1823:, was to be blocked on March 11, 2018, without any explanation. In total, 22 undesirable organizations were blocked between 2015 and 2020, including
4871:
6010:
5885:
5581:
5546:
5466:
5420:
5253:
3717:
2215:
1333:
hotspots (e.g. in restaurants, libraries, cafes etc.) to collect personal details of all users, identify them using passports, and store the data.
5930:
5845:
5835:
5603:
5551:
5516:
5476:
5390:
5380:
5370:
5323:
6359:
5214:
4542:
3069:
3030:
1184:
In July 2021 GlobalCheck project, which monitors the actual scale and efficiency of the censorship, for the first time noticed widespread use of
5955:
5880:
5566:
5536:
5471:
5435:
5385:
5303:
3349:
6644:
5940:
5151:
4505:
5541:
5410:
5375:
5318:
5298:
2681:
2585:
1888:
Roskomnadzor ordered Apple and Google to remove Smart Voting-related materials from their platforms, threatening the companies with fines for
6574:
2261:
215:
6066:
5714:
5679:
5644:
5576:
5425:
5263:
4815:
Official website of the Russian Department of Monitoring of Communications, Information technologies, and mass Communications (ROSKOMNADZOR)
3324:
5198:
4429:
3861:
2539:
1134:, and materials that show "clear disrespect" for the Russian Federation or "bodies exercising state power". Russian media freedom watchdog
649:
5400:
5328:
5248:
4929:
4919:
4597:
2190:
1969:) media outlets. Facebook and Twitter were also ordered blocked in retaliation for their censorship of state-owned media outlets such as
969:. This included the Internet blacklist law, implemented in November 2012. The criteria for inclusion in the blacklist initially included
357:
195:
1752:
party could in theory be blacklisted. However, the idea was at that time generally supported by the Russian public: in a September 2012
5095:
1138:
reported that a number of people were charged with administrative fines for simply sharing a video about insufficient school places in
949:
4673:
2889:
2072:
6781:
6594:
6045:
5141:
3255:
2940:
2724:
2505:
2475:
2445:
2415:
2385:
2364:
2341:
2318:
2295:
2106:
952:(2008) may have been "an indication of the government’s active interest in mobilizing and shaping activities in Russian cyberspace".
5634:
4688:"Роскомнадзор обязал поисковики маркировать "Википедию" как нарушителя российских законов из‑за неудаления статей о войне в Украине"
2705:
1721:
The searchable blacklist interface was made available as a full list by activists. As of July 2017 it includes over 70,000 entries.
6619:
6194:
5591:
5160:
4005:
2028:
6076:
5526:
1234:, while Roskomnadzor published an announcement on introduction of centralized blocking of "means of circumvention" of censorship.
6384:
5191:
3515:
592:
572:
6015:
5990:
5870:
5238:
1994:
Russian authorities have blocked or removed about 138,000 websites since Russia began its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
6898:
6888:
6706:
6701:
6516:
6304:
5975:
5784:
4958:
4648:
1516:
844:
428:
6040:
5875:
5283:
3693:
3643:
622:
5914:
5895:
5170:
4985:
4864:
4335:
4279:
3982:[Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation no. 1101 of 26 October 2012 in the city of Moscow] (in Russian).
1804:
410:
406:
291:
156:
143:
104:
6025:
6005:
5985:
5960:
5925:
5233:
1803:
and Prosecutor General's Office to decide which websites may be blocked arbitrarily. Then the Russian Government passed the
6893:
6109:
4168:
2666:
1143:
which seems to be gradually replacing article 282 of the criminal code ("extremism") as the primary censorship instrument.
393:
387:
319:
5789:
5689:
5440:
4185:
1772:
thriving civil society. Russians who wish to circumvent government censorship can continue to read these websites via the
6354:
6319:
5759:
5405:
5228:
4564:
4305:
3737:
3205:
1688:
710:
534:
5840:
5348:
3837:
1791:
A number of websites maintain lists of websites currently blocked in Russia, based on different sources of information.
861:(ISPs) are held legally responsible for any illegal content that is accessible to their users (intermediary liability).
6766:
6244:
6239:
6134:
6071:
6030:
5769:
5729:
5146:
5119:
5112:
3622:
3540:
1785:
1015:
717:, these regulations have been frequently abused to block criticism of the federal government or local administrations.
562:
509:
476:
5749:
1179:
6696:
6656:
6559:
6364:
6339:
6254:
6234:
6154:
6144:
5850:
5809:
1852:
1325:
1071:
491:
481:
5965:
5754:
5456:
6671:
6450:
6329:
6324:
6204:
6061:
5764:
5694:
5659:
5165:
5050:
5028:
4857:
4096:
3809:
2555:
1929:
1925:
1828:
1163:
part of TLS handshake. The latter resulted in throttling of all domains that contained "t.co" substring, including
790:
642:
6020:
5333:
1744:
that the blacklist may be used to censor democracy-oriented websites (which indeed happened the next year). And a
6721:
6579:
6344:
6299:
6279:
6269:
6169:
5794:
5739:
5709:
5571:
4973:
3046:"Forum 18 Archive: RUSSIA: More literature, website and video bans, but one partially overturned – 20 March 2015"
1946:
1101:
reported that instances of Internet censorship increased ninefold from 2014 to 2015, rising from 1,019 to 9,022.
451:
5699:
4145:
1896:
when Navalny published Smart Voting materials on the platform, and removal of videos containing the material on
1175:.) TLS extensions that would prevent censorship using SNI, such as Encrypted SNI, were already blocked in 2020.
728:
ruled against Russia in a case involving the blocking of websites critical of the government (including that of
6776:
6726:
6686:
6639:
6634:
6624:
6609:
6599:
6584:
6569:
6564:
6554:
6549:
6539:
6369:
6284:
6264:
6149:
6139:
5995:
5935:
5910:
5900:
5890:
5855:
5814:
5719:
5430:
5353:
4914:
2140:
2003:
1889:
1768:
1684:
1121:
798:
725:
362:
314:
299:
251:
5491:
4379:"UAWire - Russian Central Bank communication system fails after Kremlin attempts to shut down Google services"
3938:
1127:
In December 2018, Google was fined 500,000 rubles for not removing blacklisted sites from its search results.
6771:
6761:
6741:
6716:
6711:
6629:
6614:
6589:
6525:
6414:
6349:
6249:
6229:
6219:
6179:
6159:
6035:
5905:
5860:
5639:
5486:
5343:
5136:
4941:
4904:
3483:
2857:
883:
446:
327:
304:
266:
45:
3667:
2165:
6756:
6651:
6374:
6334:
6309:
6289:
6224:
6199:
6189:
6174:
5945:
5799:
5779:
5734:
5684:
5664:
5649:
5556:
5278:
5131:
5102:
5090:
5055:
4968:
4963:
3887:. Russian sources generally refer to it under the shortened name "Common register of prohibited websites" (
2761:
1800:
1135:
966:
945:
852:
760:
list of countries under surveillance from 2010 to 2013 and was moved to the Internet Enemies list in 2014.
529:
514:
261:
96:
5654:
5629:
5003:
1839:, Germany's European Platform for Democratic Elections, Lithuania's International Elections Study Center,
1748:
editorial noted that the criteria for prohibited content are so broad that even the website of the ruling
830:
Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Telecom, Information Technologies and Mass Communications
169:
6294:
6259:
6214:
6209:
6118:
5674:
5506:
5085:
5067:
4206:
2018:
1985:
1650:
1266:
1205:
and other games, that was described as a side effect of the devices blocking a broad range of UDP ports.
924:
635:
380:
332:
183:
5669:
4622:"В Беларуси задержали Марка Бернштейна — активиста и популяризатора интернет-энциклопедии Knowledge.org"
3589:
127:
6509:
2800:
1878:
1295:
1026:
577:
524:
519:
367:
352:
226:
175:
109:
5496:
5288:
5062:
4534:
3565:"Закон о "Суверенном Рунете" стал применяться для политического давления и сокрытия начала блокировок"
3436:"Russia's Digital Development Ministry wants to ban the latest encryption technologies from the RuNet"
2801:"Networked Authoritarianism and the Geopolitics of Information: Understanding Russian Internet Policy"
4946:
4894:
4817:
4092:
3903:). English-language sources for the most part simply refer to it as the country's Internet blacklist.
2742:
1740:
1711:
858:
757:
539:
271:
67:
4880:
3159:
2967:
6126:
6102:
5043:
4252:"Russian lawmakers want to expand the government's power to block websites without court oversight"
3966:"Judgment Kharitonov v. Russia and three other applications - official decisions to block websites"
3718:"Opinion | How Western tech companies are helping Russia censor the Internet - The Washington Post"
3564:
2617:
1832:
1287:
1109:
682:
134:
5183:
2642:
1199:
The introduction of TSPU devices was associated by a number of problems experienced by players of
5774:
5624:
5608:
4953:
2902:
2266:
2023:
1885:
led to severe connectivity problems with various services, including the Central Bank of Russia.
1680:(VPN) services which do not implement the blacklist, and instructional material on how to do so.
1677:
1113:
1075:
544:
471:
345:
256:
80:
3788:
2534:
1192:
being efficiently blocked across around 50% of Russian networks. The DPI solution, called TSPU (
1090:
According to data published by the Russian Society for Internet Users founded by members of the
6903:
5950:
5018:
4899:
4715:"Роскомнадзор потребовал от "Википедии" удалить пять статей про военные преступления в Украине"
2008:
1761:
1299:
1185:
1160:
1008:
965:
First countrywide judicial censorship measures were taken by the government in the wake of the
587:
437:
114:
52:
4480:"Russia Starts Blocking Google Docs After Navalny Shares Anti-Kremlin Vote Strategy – Monitor"
2361:
2338:
2315:
2292:
1710:
is not removed within three days, the website will be added to the blacklist, and all Russian
1058:
under government control and would make installation of the Russian state surveillance system
6502:
4980:
4936:
1974:
1602:
On Amending Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection"
1540:
On Amending Federal Law "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection"
1508:
1410:
1246:
989:
433:
418:
57:
4186:"Russia Blocks Access to Major Independent News Sites | Electronic Frontier Foundation"
3965:
1188:(DPI) across large mobile providers which resulted in domains related to political activist
5481:
5038:
5023:
4924:
4909:
2271:
1820:
1700:
1098:
978:
902:
805:
on 26 February and 27 February respectively, with the bans becoming near-total by 4 March.
567:
200:
151:
31:
2937:
2513:
2483:
2453:
2423:
2393:
2116:
1464:
879:
8:
6424:
6095:
5033:
5008:
4405:
3980:"Постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 26 октября 2012 г. N 1101 г. Москва"
3722:
1901:
1757:
1105:
1082:, and instructions on how to circumvent government website blocking, was passed in 2017.
974:
678:
663:
284:
244:
87:
4832:
4038:[The list of prohibited websites has been leaked on the Internet] (in Russian).
3615:"Правительство РФ обязало мессенджеры регистрировать пользователей по паспортным данным"
3007:"Forum 18 Archive: RUSSIA: Bans on more literature, website and video – 3 December 2014"
1513:
Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media
1388:
705:. It was subsequently amended to allow the blocking of materials that are classified as
668:
Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media
3983:
3063:
2013:
1172:
940:
764:
698:
582:
231:
62:
22:
6479:
5819:
5724:
4572:
3491:
3045:
3024:
3006:
2853:
2822:
2593:
2562:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 11 March 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
1954:
1882:
1874:
1733:
1683:
A number of individual instances of censorship were taken by Russian citizens to the
1321:
1214:
1201:
970:
887:
802:
733:
702:
309:
139:
4089:"Internet access barred as wave of new legislation threatens freedom of information"
1662:
Bans all software and websites related to circumventing internet filtering in Russia
1011:. Bans can be challenged in courts, and in some cases these appeals are successful.
774:
security officials in implementing its data retention and filtering infrastructure.
3873:
2892:, International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
2812:
1950:
1938:
1924:
Internet censorship in Russia intensified in late-February 2022 amid the country's
1840:
1193:
1034:
994:
910:
496:
423:
4118:
2560:
Enemies of the Internet 2014: Entities at the heart of censorship and surveillance
2238:"Russia Criminalizes The Spread Of Online News Which 'Disrespects' The Government"
1050:
titled "On an Autonomous Internet System". The bill calls for placing the domains
5013:
4821:
4172:
4148:("Russians support censorship of the Internet"), Levada Center, 10 October 2012.
4033:
3916:
3763:
2944:
2646:
2543:
2368:
2345:
2322:
2299:
1970:
1958:
1238:
928:
6494:
4165:
3107:
3083:
1819:
The Russian government announced that the website of a US-based think tank, The
1511:. The law took effect on 1 November 2012. The blacklist Is administered by the
1104:
In April 2018, a Moscow court ordered the ban and blockage of the messaging app
693:. It was originally introduced to block sites that contain materials advocating
4742:"РКН потребовал от "Википедии" удалить из статьи про Путина разделы об Украине"
4687:
3134:
2046:
Individuals may face fines as much as $ 23,000 and (or) up to 15 days in jails.
1942:
1916:
1856:
1669:
1616:
1554:
1317:
1189:
1139:
771:
729:
219:
92:
6087:
4313:
3979:
1892:. The companies complied with the order, which also included a brief block of
1863:
website and mobile app, which promoted opposition candidates in the election.
988:
Popular opposition websites encouraging protests against the court rulings in
6882:
6473:
4576:
4361:"Russia Blacklists Navalny's Political and Activist Movements as 'Extremist'"
3495:
2877:
2826:
2597:
2111:
1799:
President Vladimir Putin signed the law in late 2013 about procedure for the
1753:
1749:
1242:
1231:
749:
714:
613:
398:
4826:
4455:"Apple and Google accused of 'political censorship' over Alexei Navalny app"
2849:
1155:
traffic in Russia. The throttling was implemented with detection of domains
4010:
1860:
1808:
1574:
Allows additional categories of content to be blocked without a court order
1337:
1311:
818:
783:
778:
4849:
4795:"Russia Has Blocked 138K Websites Since Ukraine Invasion, Prosecutor Says"
4741:
4714:
4621:
2817:
1286:
requires telecommunications operators to install hardware provided by the
1159:
wrapped in wildcards. Target website domains are being detected mostly in
6483:
3516:"Academics: Russia deployed new technology to throttle Twitter's traffic"
3084:"Совбез РФ будет бороться с "размыванием духовных ценностей" в интернете"
2985:
2850:"Report by Mr. Alvaro Gil-Robles on his Visits to the Russian Federation"
2073:"FSB Increasingly Involved in Misuse of 'Anti-Extremism' Laws, SOVA Says"
1920:
ISP page users are redirected to after trying to visit the BBC's website.
1893:
1824:
1773:
1715:
1230:
In November 2021 users in Russia started reporting issues with accessing
891:
824:
Media in the Russian Federation, including the internet, is regulated by
813:
686:
466:
3459:
3421:
2166:"Russia's Putin signs law banning fake news, insulting the state online"
4626:
3374:""Нежелательный" видеоролик о нехватке школ продолжает собирать штрафы"
2961:"Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" (full text)
2571:
1933:
1673:
1591:
1529:
1504:
1439:
1363:
1250:
1079:
999:
694:
690:
209:
2682:"Twitter and Facebook restricted in Russia amid conflict with Ukraine"
4769:"Russia to punish Wikimedia Foundation over Ukraine conflict 'fakes'"
4746:
4719:
4692:
4649:"Wiki-активист Марк Бернштейн задержан за "антироссийские материалы""
2960:
2686:
2586:"Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact"
1867:
1414:
1131:
1042:
895:
794:
706:
3943:[Duma approves law on extra-judicial blocking of websites].
3300:"Спутниковый интернет vs ФСБ: развитие технологий или самоизоляция?"
2144:
5213:
4124:
4039:
3275:
2621:
1962:
1837:
U.S. Russia Foundation for Economic Advancement and the Rule of Law
1745:
1729:
1424:
can request a court order shutting down the media outlet entirely.
1291:
1213:
In 2021 a new regulation was passed that requires all operators of
1055:
4061:
3397:
3373:
3299:
2216:"Insulting Putin May Now Land You in Jail Under a New Russian Law"
1316:
The "Bloggers law" (passed July 2014) is an amendment to existing
4773:
4674:"Prominent editor of Russian Knowledge pages detained in Belarus"
3738:"Facebook, Gmail, Skype face Russia ban under 'anti-terror' plan"
1981:
1905:
1897:
1254:
1152:
797:
reported that Twitter and Facebook platforms were restricted, or
4565:"Russia Takes Censorship to New Extremes, Stifling War Coverage"
1130:
In March 2019, legislation was passed to ban the publication of
770:
Since at least 2015, Russia has been collaborating with Chinese
4598:"YouTube blocks Russian news channels RT and Sputnik in Europe"
4336:"Russia: Google told to clamp down on Navalny's 'Smart Voting'"
4256:
2883:
1966:
960:
3590:"Проблемы с авторизацией и выбросы из боя | World of Warships"
3256:"VPN Sales Soar After Russia Bans Telegram App, Media Reports"
3160:"Russia Update: Government Further Restricts Internet Freedom"
2667:
Tests scheduled: Law on Runet autonomy to come into force soon
1108:
under anti-terrorism laws, for refusing to cooperate with the
875:
million Russians (70% of the population) had Internet access.
4506:"Telegram messenger blocks Russia opposition bot during vote"
3181:"Russia's internet censorship grew nine-fold in 2015: Report"
1330:
1219:
1004:
486:
4231:
2191:"Putin Signs 'Fake News,' 'Internet Insults' Bills Into Law"
1085:
843:
Roskomnadzor, along with several other agencies such as the
4298:
4232:"ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ СПИСОК ЭКСТРЕМИСТСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ – БИБЛИОТЕКА"
4210:
2262:"European Rights Court Faults Russia Over Website Blocking"
1492:
Implements a central Internet blacklist ("single register")
1290:(FSB). It allows the agency to unilaterally monitor users'
1283:
1277:
1151:
In April 2021 Roskomnadzor started enforcing throttling of
1059:
992:
were for example blocked for "calling for illegal action";
4814:
2706:"Russia restricts Twitter, Facebook during Ukraine attack"
1208:
4430:"Google Blocks Russian Opposition Voting Recommendations"
4280:"Russia Declares U.S. German Marshall Fund "Undesirable""
3350:"Vladimir Putin signs sweeping Internet-censorship bills"
3231:"Russian Court Bans Telegram App After 18-Minute Hearing"
2643:"Russia's chief internet censor enlists China's know-how"
1116:
services increased significantly in the wake of the ban.
1112:
and provide access to encrypted communications. Sales of
1051:
1031:
501:
2986:"Путин подписал закон о блокировке сайтов за экстремизм"
2890:"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012"
1507:
passed a law requiring the establishment of an Internet
3895:
Common register of websites with prohibited information
2546:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2012
1420:
If a media outlet receives two warnings within a year,
933:
4166:"Over 60% of Russians want Internet censorship – poll"
3541:"Deciphering Russia's "Sovereign Internet Law" | DGAP"
3276:"Спутниковый интернет отдают под контроль государства"
1756:
survey, 63% of respondents had expressed support for "
1413:, the propagation of cruelty and violence, as well as
1065:
4535:"Telegram Messenger Blocks Navalny's Bot During Vote"
4244:
3832:
3830:
3789:"Passport now required to use public Wi-Fi in Russia"
2725:"Russia blocks Twitter as Ukraine invasion escalates"
2107:"Russia | Country report | Freedom on the Net | 2016"
1760:", though any kind of censorship is banned under the
1699:
The implementation of the blacklist is outlined in a
3838:"Russia: New Legislation Attacks Internet Anonymity"
3668:"Did Russia just ban anonymous use of public Wi-Fi?"
3325:"Google fined in Russia over search results: report"
3108:"ДНИ.РУ / Эксперты оценили полномочия Роскомнадзора"
1180:
Server Name Indication § Encrypted Client Hello
3940:Дума одобрила закон о внесудебной блокировке сайтов
3484:"Russia Takes a Big Step Toward Internet Isolation"
1953:, and the Ukraine Ministry of Internal Affairs-run
1284:
System of Operational-Investigatory Measures (SORM)
4527:
4026:
3827:
3810:"Russia: 'Big Brother' Law Harms Security, Rights"
3756:
2565:
701:, descriptions of suicide methods, and containing
6524:
4272:
2375:, Freedom House, 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
2352:, Freedom House, 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
2329:, Freedom House, 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
2306:, Freedom House, 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
1020:
908:As reported by Kirill Pankratov in April 2009 in
6880:
2498:
2468:
2438:
2408:
2378:
2355:
2332:
2309:
2286:
1298:ordered companies to install new equipment with
1222:also requires registration using mobile number.
6117:
5215:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
3764:"Russian MPs back law on internet data storage"
2584:Soldatov, Andrei; Borogan, Irina (2016-11-29).
2583:
3911:
3909:
3900:Единый реестр сайтов с запрещённой информацией
3398:"Административная форма презумпции виновности"
2549:
2528:
1980:On 11 March 2022, Belarusian political police
1911:
1811:and a number of other were blocked in Russia.
1070:A ban on all software and websites related to
6510:
6103:
5199:
4865:
4310:Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation
3898:
3888:
3877:
2926:"Russian prosecutors eye Internet censorship"
2760:Allyn, Bobby; Selyukh, Alina (4 March 2022).
1736:during its 2012 protest against the blacklist
1132:"unreliable socially significant information"
643:
4353:
3917:"Russia internet blacklist law takes effect"
3730:
3694:"Why the Kremlin Blocking TOR Is a Big Deal"
3644:"Russia tightening up SIM user registration"
2928:, Agence France-Presse (AFP), 23 April 2008.
2759:
1257:of helping authorities in Moscow block Tor.
961:Establishment and expansion of the blacklist
782:but some worried it might create an online "
4879:
4562:
4146:"Россияне поддерживают цензуру в Интернете"
3906:
3228:
3135:"Putin bans VPNs in web browsing crackdown"
3068:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3029:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1814:
1048:Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications
838:Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications
6517:
6503:
6110:
6096:
5206:
5192:
4872:
4858:
3206:"Moscow court bans Telegram messaging app"
2618:"China: The architect of Putin's firewall"
2135:
2133:
2070:
1779:
1245:accused western technology companies like
955:
950:cyberattacks during the Russo-Georgian War
650:
636:
4035:Список запрещенных сайтов утек в интернет
3876:, the blacklist is officially called the
2954:
2844:
2842:
2816:
1855:, several actions were taken to suppress
1404:The federal telecommunications regulator
1146:
1086:Increase in Internet censorship from 2014
898:) were also well represented in the Web.
4614:
3691:
2798:
2029:Political repression of cyber-dissidents
1915:
1728:
869:
812:
4595:
3322:
2722:
2703:
2130:
1794:
1374:Federal Law No. 2121-1, "On Mass Media"
1209:Registration of instant messenger users
878:Following his visit to Russia in 2004,
6881:
4545:from the original on 18 September 2021
4516:from the original on 18 September 2021
3162:. The Interpreter Magazine. 2015-02-04
2839:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
1517:Federal Drug Control Service of Russia
6498:
6091:
5187:
4853:
4400:
4398:
3129:
3127:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2699:
2697:
2676:
2674:
2143:. Zapretno.info. 2014. Archived from
1427:
1092:Presidential Council for Human Rights
1040:In February 2016, the business daily
4066:[Registry of banned sites].
4003:
3203:
2938:Russia "Is No Enemy of the Internet"
2235:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1237:In December 2021, dissident authors
4178:
3802:
3347:
3229:MacFarquhar, Neil (13 April 2018).
3043:
3004:
2779:
2236:Sant, Shannon Van (18 March 2019).
1805:law about undesirable organizations
1784:For a more comprehensive list, see
1689:European Convention on Human Rights
1305:
1066:Ban on VPN and anonymizer providers
849:Federal Consumer Protection Service
711:Federal List of Extremist Materials
13:
4833:"Timeline – Russia Digital Rights"
4395:
3124:
2973:
2762:"Russia blocks access to Facebook"
2694:
2671:
2660:
1786:List of websites blocked in Russia
1016:List of websites blocked in Russia
744:Russia was rated "partly free" in
14:
6915:
4808:
4563:Troianovski, Anton (2022-03-04).
4095:. 1 November 2012. Archived from
4006:"Russia's New Internet Blacklist"
3422:"Throttling of Twitter in Russia"
2799:Maréchal, Nathalie (2017-03-22).
2086:
1932:prohibiting the dissemination of
1928:, due to Roskomnadzor orders and
1694:
6478:
6469:
6468:
4787:
4761:
4734:
4707:
4680:
4666:
4641:
4589:
4556:
4498:
4472:
4175:, Interfax News, 11 October 2012
4004:Bigg, Claire (2 November 2012).
3890:Единый реестр запрещённых сайтов
2743:"Russia Is Now Blocking Twitter"
1851:In September 2021, ahead of the
1829:National Endowment for Democracy
1157:t.co, twimg.com, and twitter.com
1072:circumventing internet filtering
936:of cellular wireless standards.
607:
30:
4447:
4422:
4371:
4328:
4284:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
4224:
4199:
4159:
4139:
4111:
4081:
4054:
3997:
3972:
3958:
3931:
3866:
3855:
3781:
3710:
3692:Soldatov, Andrei (2021-12-07).
3685:
3660:
3636:
3607:
3582:
3557:
3533:
3508:
3476:
3452:
3428:
3414:
3390:
3366:
3341:
3316:
3292:
3268:
3248:
3222:
3197:
3173:
3152:
3100:
3076:
3037:
2998:
2931:
2919:
2895:
2871:
2753:
2735:
2723:Brandom, Russell (2022-02-26).
2716:
2635:
2610:
2577:
2512:. Freedom House. Archived from
2482:. Freedom House. Archived from
2452:. Freedom House. Archived from
2422:. Freedom House. Archived from
2392:. Freedom House. Archived from
2141:"Examples of forbidden content"
2049:
1846:
1703:decree issued in October 2012.
1225:
1046:reported on a draft law by the
925:address to the Federal Assembly
452:United Nations Security Council
6526:Internet censorship in Europe
6436:British Indian Ocean Territory
3947:(in Russian). 20 December 2013
3348:Lee, Timothy B. (2019-03-18).
2254:
2229:
2208:
2183:
2158:
2064:
2040:
2004:Censorship of GitHub in Russia
1769:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1685:European Court of Human Rights
1498:
1271:
1021:Proposals for further controls
726:European Court of Human Rights
1:
6899:Internet censorship in Europe
6889:Internet censorship in Russia
4596:Vincent, James (2022-03-01).
3520:The Record by Recorded Future
2880:, IT & Telecoms in Russia
2858:Commissioner for Human Rights
2058:
1346:
1260:
884:Commissioner for Human Rights
593:Political abuse of psychiatry
447:Russia and the United Nations
6119:Internet censorship in Asia
4312:(in Russian). Archived from
4014:. The Atlantic Monthly Group
2878:33m internet users in Russia
2704:Fischer, Sara (2022-02-26).
1801:Prosecutor General of Russia
1300:Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
946:2007 cyberattacks on Estonia
845:Federal Drug Control Service
7:
6894:Internet censorship in Asia
3323:Axelrod, Tal (2018-12-11).
3204:Roth, Andrew (2018-04-13).
2019:Mass surveillance in Russia
1997:
1957:) and independent (such as
1912:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1724:
1320:legislation which includes
1267:Mass surveillance in Russia
927:, then President of Russia
808:
388:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
292:Central Election Commission
105:Presidential Administration
10:
6920:
2075:. The Interpreter Magazine
1879:Anti-Corruption Foundation
1783:
1718:user on 12 November 2012.
1309:
1296:Ministry of Communications
1275:
1264:
1177:
1013:
864:
859:Internet service providers
793:. Internet rights monitor
6828:
6790:
6532:
6464:
6423:
6383:
6125:
6054:
5828:
5617:
5449:
5221:
5078:
4996:
4895:Chinese censorship abroad
4887:
4093:Reporters Without Borders
4063:Реестр запрещенных сайтов
3899:
3889:
3878:
2071:Paul Goble (2015-03-29).
1741:Reporters Without Borders
1661:
1656:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1612:
1586:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1550:
1524:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1460:
1434:
1394:
1384:
1358:
1353:
1027:Russia's Security Council
758:Reporters Without Borders
739:
709:by including them to the
677:The list is used for the
358:Heads of federal subjects
6185:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5259:Central African Republic
4655:(in Russian). 2022-03-11
4630:(in Russian). 2022-03-11
4119:
4062:
4034:
3939:
3044:Service, Forum 18 News.
3005:Service, Forum 18 News.
2034:
1833:Open Society Foundations
1815:The German Marshall Fund
1288:Federal Security Service
1171:etc. (An example of the
967:2011–13 Russian protests
851:, and the office of the
563:Administrative divisions
6446:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5745:Palestinian territories
4881:Censorship and websites
4837:russiadigitalrights.org
2805:Media and Communication
2510:Freedom on the Net 2018
2480:Freedom on the Net 2017
2450:Freedom on the Net 2016
2420:Freedom on the Net 2015
2390:Freedom on the Net 2014
2373:Freedom on the Net 2013
2350:Freedom on the Net 2012
2327:Freedom on the Net 2011
2304:Freedom on the Net 2009
2024:Media freedom in Russia
1780:Instances of censorship
1678:Virtual private network
1515:(Roskomnadzor) and the
1503:In July 2012, Russia's
1292:communications metadata
1114:virtual private network
1037:without a court order.
956:Developments since 2012
310:Gubernatorial elections
6575:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5915:YouTube video blocking
5866:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4068:reestr.ruBlacklist.net
3919:. BBC. 31 October 2012
3882:, which translates to
2572:"ONI Country Profiles"
2009:Sovereign Internet Law
1984:arrested and detained
1921:
1762:Constitution of Russia
1737:
1186:deep packet inspection
1161:Server Name Indication
1147:Deep packet inspection
921:
821:
732:), as the plaintiffs'
407:Diplomatic missions of
300:Presidential elections
5125:North Korean websites
4188:. Eff.org. 2014-03-13
2818:10.17645/mac.v5i1.808
1919:
1890:election interference
1732:
1411:recreational drug use
1247:Keysight Technologies
1124:satellites to space.
1074:in Russia, including
990:Bolotnaya Square case
916:
870:Internet in 2004–2012
816:
305:Legislative elections
58:Russian Criminal Code
6360:United Arab Emirates
5805:United Arab Emirates
4930:in the United States
4486:. September 16, 2021
2947:, Kirill Pankratov,
2272:Agence France Presse
1900:. Messaging service
1853:State Duma elections
1821:German Marshall Fund
1795:George Soros blocked
903:Agence France-Presse
363:Regional parliaments
252:Constitutional Court
201:Valentina Matviyenko
6791:States with limited
6387:limited recognition
5587:Trinidad and Tobago
5079:Websites blocked in
4154:English translation
3945:BBC Russian Service
3791:. RAPSI. 2014-08-08
3723:The Washington Post
3648:www.commsupdate.com
2516:on 21 November 2018
1926:invasion of Ukraine
1881:. The targeting of
1758:Internet censorship
1009:Jehovah's Witnesses
923:In a November 2009
791:invasion of Ukraine
777:In September 2019,
736:had been violated.
664:internet censorship
328:Electoral geography
5512:Dominican Republic
5051:Microsoft in China
4905:File sharing sites
4820:2015-03-24 at the
4569:The New York Times
4171:2014-03-17 at the
4099:on 5 November 2012
4042:. 12 November 2012
3984:Rossiyskaya Gazeta
3842:Human Rights Watch
3814:Human Rights Watch
3594:worldofwarships.ru
3235:The New York Times
3185:The Times of India
2943:2009-06-25 at the
2556:"Internet Enemies"
2542:2012-03-23 at the
2456:on 24 January 2020
2367:2018-07-22 at the
2344:2018-07-22 at the
2321:2018-07-22 at the
2298:2018-07-22 at the
2014:Internet in Russia
1922:
1738:
1428:Internet blacklist
1173:Scunthorpe problem
975:advocating suicide
941:OpenNet Initiative
853:Prosecutor General
822:
801:, across multiple
767:in December 2010.
765:OpenNet Initiative
746:Freedom on the Net
724:In June 2020, the
315:Regional elections
262:Prosecutor General
232:Vyacheslav Volodin
184:Federation Council
23:Politics of Russia
6876:
6875:
6492:
6491:
6429:other territories
6085:
6084:
5181:
5180:
4316:on April 14, 2020
4260:. October 2, 2017
4207:"Antizapret.info"
4127:. 1 November 2012
3569:roskomsvoboda.org
3402:roskomsvoboda.org
3378:roskomsvoboda.org
3304:roskomsvoboda.org
3280:roskomsvoboda.org
2854:Council of Europe
1955:Look for Your Own
1883:Google Public DNS
1875:Google App Engine
1734:Russian Knowledge
1666:
1665:
1603:
1578:
1577:
1541:
1496:
1495:
1451:
1402:
1401:
1375:
1322:data localization
1215:instant messaging
1202:World of Warships
1097:Human rights NGO
971:child pornography
888:Council of Europe
880:Álvaro Gil-Robles
734:freedom of speech
721:signed into law.
703:child pornography
660:
659:
614:Russia portal
429:Visa requirements
381:Foreign relations
333:Political parties
140:Mikhail Mishustin
68:Mental Health Law
6911:
6829:Dependencies and
6533:Sovereign states
6519:
6512:
6505:
6496:
6495:
6482:
6472:
6471:
6441:Christmas Island
6127:Sovereign states
6112:
6105:
6098:
6089:
6088:
6077:Papua New Guinea
5361:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5185:
5184:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4803:
4802:
4801:. 8 August 2022.
4799:The Moscow Times
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4484:The Moscow Times
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4434:The Moscow Times
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4365:The Moscow Times
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4286:. March 21, 2020
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4209:. Archived from
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3913:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3892:
3891:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3698:The Moscow Times
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3621:. Archived from
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2971:
2970:), November 2009
2965:
2958:
2952:
2949:The Moscow Times
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2820:
2796:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2678:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2553:
2547:
2536:Internet Enemies
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2486:on 24 April 2019
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2396:on 24 April 2019
2382:
2376:
2359:
2353:
2336:
2330:
2313:
2307:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2195:The Moscow Times
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2115:. Archived from
2103:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2044:
1951:Voice of America
1841:Atlantic Council
1601:
1584:
1583:
1564:20 December 2013
1539:
1522:
1521:
1449:
1432:
1431:
1415:obscene language
1398:27 December 1991
1373:
1351:
1350:
1306:Data sovereignty
1170:
1158:
995:Dumb Ways to Die
911:The Moscow Times
836:a branch of the
652:
645:
638:
612:
611:
610:
578:Accounts Chamber
368:Local government
353:Federal subjects
176:Federal Assembly
110:Security Council
34:
18:
17:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6872:
6830:
6824:
6810:Northern Cyprus
6792:
6786:
6707:North Macedonia
6528:
6523:
6493:
6488:
6460:
6428:
6419:
6400:Northern Cyprus
6386:
6379:
6121:
6116:
6086:
6081:
6050:
5981:North Macedonia
5824:
5613:
5445:
5357:
5217:
5212:
5182:
5177:
5074:
4992:
4883:
4878:
4841:
4839:
4831:
4822:Wayback Machine
4811:
4806:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4779:
4777:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4753:
4751:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4726:
4724:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4699:
4697:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4631:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4594:
4590:
4581:
4579:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4539:RadioFreeEurope
4533:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4517:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4464:
4462:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4439:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4385:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4289:
4287:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4173:Wayback Machine
4164:
4160:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4015:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3950:
3948:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3871:
3867:
3862:Consultant Plus
3860:
3856:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3628:
3626:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3466:
3464:globalcheck.net
3458:
3457:
3453:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3331:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3227:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3202:
3198:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3050:www.forum18.org
3042:
3038:
3022:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3011:www.forum18.org
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2974:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2945:Wayback Machine
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2829:
2797:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2754:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2721:
2717:
2702:
2695:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2650:
2647:Financial Times
2641:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2600:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2554:
2550:
2544:Wayback Machine
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:Wayback Machine
2360:
2356:
2346:Wayback Machine
2337:
2333:
2323:Wayback Machine
2314:
2310:
2300:Wayback Machine
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2000:
1959:Current Time TV
1914:
1849:
1817:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1727:
1697:
1642:1 November 2017
1608:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1501:
1482:1 November 2012
1456:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1430:
1380:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1314:
1308:
1280:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1239:Andrei Soldatov
1228:
1211:
1182:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1088:
1068:
1023:
1018:
963:
958:
932:as well as the
929:Dmitry Medvedev
872:
867:
811:
742:
713:. According to
699:drug production
656:
627:
623:Other countries
618:
608:
606:
598:
597:
558:
550:
549:
506:
463:
443:
419:Nationality law
415:
403:
383:
373:
372:
348:
338:
337:
324:
320:Local elections
296:
287:
277:
276:
272:Law enforcement
247:
237:
236:
220:8th convocation
205:
179:
172:
162:
161:
148:
147:
138:
130:
120:
119:
101:
100:
91:
83:
73:
72:
48:
25:
12:
11:
5:
6917:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6834:
6832:
6831:other entities
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6796:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6784:
6782:United Kingdom
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6595:Czech Republic
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6499:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6476:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6389:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6115:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6046:United Kingdom
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5886:Czech Republic
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5359:Western Sahara
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5219:
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5056:Skype in China
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5014:Cisco in China
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4920:The Pirate Bay
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4809:External links
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4541:. 2021-09-18.
4526:
4512:. 2021-09-18.
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4383:www.uawire.org
4370:
4367:. 9 June 2021.
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4123:(in Russian).
4120:Подсудный день
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3744:. 23 July 2014
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2274:. 23 June 2020
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2016:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1986:Mark Bernstein
1943:Deutsche Welle
1913:
1910:
1857:Alexei Navalny
1848:
1845:
1843:and the like.
1816:
1813:
1796:
1793:
1781:
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1696:
1695:Implementation
1693:
1670:Vladimir Putin
1668:In July 2017,
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1276:Main article:
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1265:Main article:
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1190:Alexei Navalny
1148:
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1140:Krasnodar Krai
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1014:Main article:
962:
959:
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901:In April 2008
871:
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772:Great Firewall
756:Russia was on
741:
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730:Garry Kasparov
681:of individual
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5592:United States
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5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:Guinea-Bissau
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
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5161:United States
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5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:Censorship by
4995:
4987:
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4983:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
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4962:
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4908:
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4898:
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4890:
4888:Censorship of
4886:
4882:
4875:
4870:
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4861:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4838:
4834:
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4695:
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4644:
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4603:
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4570:
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4559:
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4536:
4530:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4490:September 21,
4485:
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4456:
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4407:
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4307:
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4285:
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4275:
4259:
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4247:
4233:
4227:
4213:on 2014-07-10
4212:
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3719:
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3699:
3695:
3688:
3673:
3672:The Daily Dot
3669:
3663:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3625:on 2021-10-25
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3460:"GlobalCheck"
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2749:. 2022-02-26.
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2690:. 2022-02-26.
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2426:on 6 May 2019
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2147:on 2014-10-30
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2119:on 2020-01-24
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2112:Freedom House
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979:illegal drugs
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750:Freedom House
747:
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715:Freedom House
712:
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573:Civic Chamber
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545:Arctic policy
543:
541:
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510:United States
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399:Sergey Lavrov
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257:Supreme Court
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115:State Council
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33:
29:
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24:
20:
19:
16:
6820:Transnistria
6731:
6425:Dependencies
6355:Turkmenistan
6320:Saudi Arabia
6314:
6000:
5800:Turkmenistan
5760:Saudi Arabia
5406:South Africa
5396:Sierra Leone
5244:Burkina Faso
5147:Web blocking
5107:
4974:in Venezuela
4915:iTunes Store
4840:. Retrieved
4836:
4798:
4789:
4778:. Retrieved
4772:
4763:
4752:. Retrieved
4750:(in Russian)
4745:
4736:
4725:. Retrieved
4723:(in Russian)
4718:
4709:
4698:. Retrieved
4696:(in Russian)
4691:
4682:
4668:
4657:. Retrieved
4652:
4643:
4632:. Retrieved
4625:
4616:
4605:. Retrieved
4601:
4591:
4580:. Retrieved
4568:
4558:
4547:. Retrieved
4538:
4529:
4518:. Retrieved
4509:
4500:
4488:. Retrieved
4483:
4474:
4463:. Retrieved
4461:. 2021-09-17
4459:the Guardian
4458:
4449:
4438:. Retrieved
4436:. 2021-09-19
4433:
4424:
4413:. Retrieved
4409:
4386:. Retrieved
4382:
4373:
4364:
4355:
4343:. Retrieved
4339:
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4314:the original
4309:
4300:
4288:. Retrieved
4283:
4274:
4264:December 13,
4262:. Retrieved
4255:
4246:
4235:. Retrieved
4226:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:the original
4201:
4190:. Retrieved
4180:
4161:
4150:(in Russian)
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4113:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:the original
4083:
4072:. Retrieved
4070:(in Russian)
4067:
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4011:The Atlantic
4009:
3999:
3987:. Retrieved
3974:
3960:
3949:. Retrieved
3944:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3894:
3883:
3868:
3857:
3846:. Retrieved
3844:. 2017-08-01
3841:
3818:. Retrieved
3816:. 2016-07-12
3813:
3804:
3793:. Retrieved
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3767:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3741:
3732:
3721:
3712:
3701:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3676:. Retrieved
3674:. 2014-08-08
3671:
3662:
3651:. Retrieved
3647:
3638:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:the original
3619:www.znak.com
3618:
3609:
3598:. Retrieved
3596:(in Russian)
3593:
3584:
3573:. Retrieved
3571:(in Russian)
3568:
3559:
3548:. Retrieved
3544:
3535:
3524:. Retrieved
3522:. 2021-04-06
3519:
3510:
3499:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:
3454:
3443:. Retrieved
3439:
3430:
3416:
3405:. Retrieved
3401:
3392:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3357:. Retrieved
3354:Ars Technica
3353:
3343:
3332:. Retrieved
3328:
3318:
3307:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3270:
3259:. Retrieved
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:
3213:. Retrieved
3210:The Guardian
3209:
3199:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:
3175:
3164:. Retrieved
3154:
3143:. Retrieved
3141:. 2017-07-31
3138:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3091:. Retrieved
3088:Новая Газета
3087:
3078:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:
3039:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2964:(in Russian)
2956:
2948:
2933:
2921:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2903:"Statistics"
2897:
2885:
2873:
2862:. Retrieved
2860:. 2005-04-20
2830:. Retrieved
2811:(1): 29–41.
2808:
2804:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2718:
2709:
2685:
2662:
2651:. Retrieved
2649:. 2016-04-29
2637:
2626:. Retrieved
2624:. 2017-02-21
2612:
2601:. Retrieved
2590:The Guardian
2589:
2579:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2535:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:the original
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2484:the original
2479:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2449:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2419:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:the original
2389:
2380:
2372:
2357:
2349:
2334:
2326:
2311:
2303:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2241:
2231:
2220:. Retrieved
2218:. 2019-03-18
2210:
2199:. Retrieved
2197:. 2019-03-18
2194:
2185:
2174:. Retrieved
2172:. 2019-03-18
2169:
2160:
2149:. Retrieved
2145:the original
2121:. Retrieved
2117:the original
2110:
2077:. Retrieved
2066:
2051:
2042:
1993:
1990:
1979:
1930:federal laws
1923:
1887:
1872:
1865:
1861:Smart Voting
1850:
1847:Smart Voting
1818:
1809:George Soros
1798:
1790:
1766:
1739:
1720:
1707:Roskomnadzor
1706:
1705:
1698:
1682:
1667:
1634:29 July 2017
1626:21 July 2017
1600:
1590:
1579:
1538:
1528:
1502:
1474:11 July 2012
1448:
1438:
1422:Roskomnadzor
1421:
1419:
1406:Roskomnadzor
1405:
1403:
1372:
1362:
1342:
1338:Yarovaya law
1335:
1315:
1312:Yarovaya law
1302:capability.
1281:
1236:
1229:
1226:Blocking Tor
1212:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1166:
1150:
1129:
1126:
1118:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1076:VPN software
1069:
1041:
1039:
1024:
993:
987:
983:
964:
938:
922:
917:
909:
907:
900:
877:
873:
857:
842:
833:
826:Roskomnadzor
825:
823:
819:Roskomnadzor
788:
784:Iron Curtain
779:Roskomnadzor
776:
769:
762:
755:
745:
743:
723:
719:
691:IP addresses
687:domain names
676:
672:Roskomnadzor
671:
661:
588:Human rights
568:Armed forces
392:
267:Legal system
225:
208:
194:
182:
174:
133:
86:
53:Constitution
15:
6858:Isle of Man
6793:recognition
6767:Switzerland
6702:Netherlands
6484:Asia portal
6385:States with
6305:Philippines
6245:South Korea
6240:North Korea
6135:Afghanistan
6072:New Zealand
6031:Switzerland
5976:Netherlands
5770:South Korea
5750:Philippines
5730:North Korea
5625:Afghanistan
5597:Puerto Rico
5522:El Salvador
5314:Ivory Coast
5120:South Korea
5029:Twitter (X)
4937:Twitter (X)
4345:7 September
4046:12 November
2771:14 February
2278:6 September
1904:censored a
1894:Google Docs
1825:Open Russia
1774:Tor Browser
1716:LiveJournal
1674:anonymizers
1499:Legislation
1272:SORM system
1080:anonymizers
1062:mandatory.
892:Ria-Novosti
662:In Russia,
467:Union State
434:Visa policy
170:Legislature
6883:Categories
6737:San Marino
6697:Montenegro
6677:Luxembourg
6657:Kazakhstan
6560:Azerbaijan
6365:Uzbekistan
6340:Tajikistan
6255:Kyrgyzstan
6235:Kazakhstan
6155:Bangladesh
6145:Azerbaijan
5971:Montenegro
5951:Kazakhstan
5851:Azerbaijan
5810:Uzbekistan
5790:Tajikistan
5705:Kyrgyzstan
5655:East Timor
5635:Bangladesh
5502:Costa Rica
5366:Mozambique
5349:Mauritania
5339:Madagascar
4986:in Germany
4947:in Nigeria
4842:2017-07-05
4780:2022-07-20
4754:2022-04-13
4727:2022-04-04
4700:2022-07-20
4659:2022-03-11
4634:2022-03-11
4627:Zerkalo.io
4607:2022-04-29
4582:2022-05-05
4549:2021-09-19
4520:2021-09-18
4465:2021-09-19
4440:2021-09-19
4415:2021-09-15
4388:2021-09-15
4237:2014-08-02
4217:2014-08-02
4192:2014-03-17
4131:3 November
4103:3 November
4074:2017-07-05
4018:3 November
3989:3 November
3951:2017-07-13
3923:3 November
3885:Federation
3848:2017-08-01
3820:2017-07-02
3795:2014-09-22
3703:2021-12-07
3678:2021-10-25
3653:2021-10-25
3629:2021-10-25
3600:2021-09-09
3575:2021-07-30
3550:2021-07-28
3526:2021-07-28
3501:2021-07-28
3469:2021-07-28
3445:2021-07-28
3407:2019-05-11
3383:2019-05-11
3359:2019-03-19
3334:2019-02-11
3309:2018-11-15
3285:2018-11-15
3261:2018-05-21
3215:2018-04-13
3190:2016-03-02
3166:2015-02-04
3145:2017-07-31
3117:2015-11-15
3093:2015-10-19
3055:2015-08-23
3016:2015-08-23
2991:2015-08-23
2912:2017-07-04
2864:2008-03-16
2832:2017-07-03
2653:2019-12-10
2628:2019-12-10
2603:2017-07-04
2400:26 October
2247:2019-07-06
2222:2019-07-06
2201:2019-07-06
2176:2019-07-06
2151:2014-10-29
2123:2017-07-04
2079:2015-04-01
2059:References
1701:government
1592:Long title
1530:Long title
1505:State Duma
1440:Long title
1364:Long title
1347:Mass media
1310:See also:
1261:Monitoring
1251:Supermicro
1178:See also:
1000:Pussy Riot
817:Emblem of
695:drug abuse
679:censorship
583:Opposition
346:Federalism
210:State Duma
196:Chairwoman
152:Government
81:Presidency
6848:Gibraltar
6672:Lithuania
6451:Hong Kong
6405:Palestine
6330:Sri Lanka
6325:Singapore
6205:Indonesia
6062:Australia
5961:Lithuania
5775:Sri Lanka
5765:Singapore
5670:Indonesia
5660:Hong Kong
5609:Venezuela
5562:Nicaragua
5532:Guatemala
5527:Greenland
5457:Argentina
5416:Swaziland
5166:Singapore
4969:in Turkey
4964:in Russia
4954:Knowledge
4942:in Brazil
4747:Mediazona
4720:Mediazona
4693:Mediazona
4653:reform.by
4602:The Verge
4577:0362-4331
3496:1059-1028
3064:cite news
2827:2183-2439
2747:VICE News
2729:The Verge
2687:NetBlocks
2598:0261-3077
2430:3 January
1868:trademark
1639:Commenced
1509:blacklist
1479:Commenced
1282:Russia's
1043:Vedomosti
1025:In 2015,
896:Itar-Tass
803:providers
799:throttled
795:NetBlocks
707:extremist
424:Passports
411:in Russia
285:Elections
245:Judiciary
128:Executive
88:President
6868:Svalbard
6853:Guernsey
6800:Abkhazia
6752:Slovenia
6747:Slovakia
6722:Portugal
6580:Bulgaria
6474:Category
6395:Abkhazia
6345:Thailand
6300:Pakistan
6280:Mongolia
6275:Maldives
6270:Malaysia
6170:Cambodia
6016:Slovenia
6011:Slovakia
5991:Portugal
5871:Bulgaria
5795:Thailand
5740:Pakistan
5715:Mongolia
5710:Malaysia
5645:Cambodia
5582:Suriname
5572:Paraguay
5547:Honduras
5497:Colombia
5467:Barbados
5450:Americas
5441:Zimbabwe
5421:Tanzania
5289:Ethiopia
5274:Congo RO
5269:Congo DR
5254:Cameroon
5239:Botswana
5068:in China
5019:Facebook
4959:in China
4900:Facebook
4818:Archived
4543:Archived
4514:Archived
4169:Archived
4125:Lenta.Ru
4040:Lenta.Ru
3768:BBC News
3545:dgap.org
3240:13 April
3139:BBC News
3025:cite web
2941:Archived
2622:Eurozine
2540:Archived
2506:"Russia"
2490:26 March
2476:"Russia"
2460:26 March
2446:"Russia"
2416:"Russia"
2386:"Russia"
2365:Archived
2362:"Russia"
2342:Archived
2339:"Russia"
2319:Archived
2316:"Russia"
2296:Archived
2293:"Russia"
2267:Barron's
1998:See also
1963:Interfax
1939:BBC News
1902:Telegram
1746:Lenta.ru
1725:Reaction
1651:195446-7
1613:Citation
1551:Citation
1461:Citation
1385:Citation
1165:microsof
1106:Telegram
939:In 2010
809:Agencies
394:Minister
227:Chairman
63:Tax Code
6777:Ukraine
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