Human rights in Bahrain

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meetings, in accordance with the customs observed in the country; however, the Government placed some limitations on the exercise of this right. The Government continued to exert a level of control and to monitor both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, and there continued to be government discrimination against Shi'a Muslims in certain fields. Members of other religious groups who practice their faith privately do so without interference from the Government. There were occasional reports of incidents between the Government and elements of the Shi'a majority population, who were often critical of the Sunni-controlled Government's rule. Problems continued to exist, stemming primarily from the Government's perceived unequal treatment of Shi'a in the country.

1176: 1262:"stand on one leg for prolonged periods", tortured by pushing his crutch "into his genitals" and was "threatened him with rape and made sexually explicit comments about his wife and his daughter". In July 2021, al-Singace went on a hunger strike in protest, after the prison authorities confiscated his research work of four years. He refused to take solid food and survived on liquids and vitamins. In July 2022, al-Singace announced to further abstain from taking salts that helped in stabilizing his health condition. Amnesty International called on the Bahraini authorities to "immediately and unconditionally release” him, hand over his work to his family and to “ensure he receives the medication" required. 928:

against the government or protests during the Arab Spring movement. The conditions at the prison are reportedly dirty and unhygienic. However, the economical and geopolitical relations shared by Ottawa and Washington with Bahrain are apparently overshadowing the violation of human rights in the Gulf nation. When the relatives of the prisoners discovered that 3 Covid-positive cases had been detected at the prison, they took to the streets to protest against the continued imprisonment of the political prisoners. The event was followed by prisoners being beaten in their cells by authorities, as per Bahrain's National Institution for Human Rights.

2335:'s 96th session, where he used the opportunity of addressing the conference to announce that the first regional dialogue on workers' issues would be held in Bahrain. "This will offer countries that recruit manpower and those that provide it an opportunity to engage in an open and honest discussion on the impact of globalisation." The ILO Director General Juan Somavia has described the Crown Prince as an innovator with a modern vision of commitment to change and a belief in dialogue. Somavia has noted that Bahrain had been one of the pioneers of Decent Work Country Programmes, beginning with a pilot programme in 2002. 2133:. Hotel representatives have criticized these measures, highlighting the negative economic impact on tourism and their infringement on individual freedoms. Critics argue that imposing such religious norms on the broader population and non-observant communities contradicts the principle of "no compulsion in religion" and harms Bahrain’s reputation as a tolerant and inclusive country. While these regulations are intended to respect Islamic traditions, they are seen as limiting personal freedoms, alienating non-Muslim residents and visitors, and economically damaging key sectors like hospitality and tourism. 43: 1845:

Cabinet Affairs and head of the Civil Informatics Organization and member of the Al Khalifa royal family. The allegations were revealed in September 2006, in a 240-page document produced by the Gulf Centre for Democratic Development, and authored by Dr Salah Al Bandar, an adviser to the Cabinet Affairs Ministry. Following the distribution of the report, Bahraini police forcibly deported Dr Al Bandar to the United Kingdom, where he holds citizenship. According to Dr al-Bandar, the Minister paid five main operatives a total of more than $ 2.7 million to run:

1254:, as a result of the injuries he sustained due to torture in 2011, including a broken jaw. After spending over a decade in wrongful imprisonment and being subjected to physical, psychological and sexual torture, Al-Khawaja suffered from chronic pain and required an additional surgery. However, his medical treatment was stopped due to his activism inside the prison in February 2022. His daughter also reported that during January, Al-Khawaja had to wait outside the hospital for three hours, before he was brought back to the prison without seeing the doctor. 1760:

beliefs. Their charges stemmed from YouTube videos where Al-Qassab questioned certain Quranic verses. Bahraini authorities accused them of violating the penal code by offending religious sects and symbols. The court's decision highlights tensions between Bahrain's penal code and its commitments to international human rights law, particularly the right to freedom of belief and expression. Prominent Shia clerics have been the most openly hostile to the organisation, denouncing its work as blasphemy and calling for Al-Tajdeed members to be ostracised.

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military escorts", to demolish the mosques, and in many cases, have hauled away the buildings' rubble before townspeople awake so as to leave no trace. Sheikh Khalid bin Ali bin Abdulla al Khalifa, the minister of justice and Islamic affairs for Bahrain, defended the demolitions stating: "These are not mosques. These are illegal buildings." However the McClatchy reporter found that photos taken of several mosques before their destruction by the government "showed they were well maintained, decades-old structures."

5712: 2253:(BIRD) said that the Bahrain authorities detained six children, aged 14 and 15, without any written justification. They were being held in a child welfare facility. The authorities denied the parents’ requests to visit their children and to be present during their interrogations. The children's alleged offences occurred in December 2020 or January 2021, when they were 13 and 14. The Office of the Public Prosecution alleged that the boys damaged a car near a police station by throwing Molotov cocktails. 1200: 59: 2037:

legal foundation can be assessed. Normally neither the government nor the security forces interfere with demonstrations – unless feeling threatened. This lack of legal certainty is obviously wanted: ‘You have to see what we practice, not what is written in laws. Our practise is very liberal. One also has to see in which part of the world we’re living’ says the then head of the central informatics organisation and now minister of the royal court, Sheikh Mohammed bin Atiyatallah Al Khalifa.

2057:. In response to the problem presented by violent protestors, the Serbia-based human rights group, the Centre for Applied Non-Violent Action and Strategies, has been invited to Bahrain to teach demonstrators how to demonstrate peacefully. Under the scheme begun in 2007, peace camps will be set up in various trouble spots where specialists will advise on using protest strategies that do not involve violence. It is expected that a thousand youths will go through the training scheme. 6114: 1798:

procure and install a website blocking software solution chosen by the Ministry. The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority ("TRA") assisted the Ministry of Culture and Information in the execution of the said Resolution by coordinating the procurement of the unified website blocking software solution. This software solution is operated solely by the Ministry of Information and Culture and neither the TRA nor ISPs have any control over sites that are blocked or unblocked.

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Union president, Mariam Al Ruwaie, expressed surprised at the MP's suggestions, "This does not agree with His Majesty the King's reforms, which give women and men the same rights for education and work. In Bahrain's society women make up 26 per cent of the labour force, there are more girls in schools and universities than men and their results are better...I am worried because the parliament has not started and he has said something like this. It is a bad start."

10502: 8378: 287: 1638:, urging the Bahraini government to reform its parliament if they wanted to showcase it internationally. Shortly after, he and three others were arrested for their social media activity. On March 9, Bahrain’s Public Prosecutor’s Office released a statement on Instagram, explaining that the arrests were for "misusing social media platforms." Al-Mannai has since been released, but the current situation of the other three individuals remains uncertain. 2238:. The groups claimed that the children were beaten and threatened with rape and electric shocks by the Bahraini security forces. A 13-year-old child was hit on his head, while the police continued with the threats to rape him, give him electric shocks from a car battery, and beat his genitals. Prosecutors and police barred the parents and lawyers of children from being present during the interrogations as children were terrorized into confessing. 8388: 1074:

condemned for continuing their business-as-usual with Bahrain and for ignoring the torture, unfair trials, and killing of protesters and critics of the government. ADHRB stated that the futile political reforms enacted by the Bahraini government to improve the country's human rights situation have covered for both the US and the UK to continue their political relations with the Arab nation, while neglecting the country's human rights violations.

647:” (a term usually used to refer to non-Arabs and especially people of Iranian ancestry in GCC countries and especially Achomis), and argue that this term only refers to people who migrated from Iran with a Shia background. The researcher pointed out that the linguistic and religious situation of the Sunni Persians in Bahrain is thorny, and that there is sometimes deliberate confusion between the “Huwala Arabs” and the “Sunni Persians/Achomis.” 428: 5964: 2105:, Bahrain enforces strict laws prohibiting the public consumption of food, drink, or smoking during daylight hours, with violators—Muslim or non-Muslim—facing jail terms of up to one year and fines up to 100 Bahraini dinars, in accordance with Articles 309 and 310 of the Penal Code. These regulations aim to preserve respect for the fasting period, one of Islam’s five pillars, but raise significant concerns regarding 10514: 2410:

may include donating funds, paying regular visits, engaging in spreading misinformation or teaching courses despite awareness of the countries’ human rights abuses. According to the report, Bahrain was using this strategy of academic whitewashing to conceal its record of systematic discrimination against Shia Muslims, religious intolerance, and suppression of free speech. Bahrain's ambassador to the

920:, an international non-profit organization, Al-Khawaja has spent 10 years of unreasonable incarceration along with abuse and mistreatment at the hands of the prison authorities. He was arrested in 2011 for a critical stance against the government and for organizing protests that demanded political reforms during the 2011 Arab uprisings. Rights organizations are now calling for his prompt release. 1288:, was denied entry to Bahrain, where he had travelled to monitor the appellate court trial of the 20 previously sentenced medics. Bahrain had promised greater transparency in the wake of an international investigation into the human rights violations that occurred during the uprising, yet refused to allow Sollom, who carried a valid entry visa, to view the trial or even enter the country. 1070:

that were critical of the regime. HRW said independent media and foreign journalists rarely have access to the country. With abusive restrictions on freedom of expression, Bahrain arbitrarily imprisons human rights defenders and those who took part in protests. The repressive Kingdom was asked to permit an access for foreign journalists and human rights organizations into the country.

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law or legislation on moral matters, by declaring Islam as the state religion and Islamic law as the source of legislation, the constitution implies that Muslims are forbidden to change their religion. Societal pressure reinforces the Islamic principle, which forbids the conversion from Islam. therefore Bahraini citizens born to Muslim parents cannot change their religion legally.

1775: 1410:, said Bahrain's ratification could have a significant impact among the neighbouring Persian Gulf countries: "We believe that Bahrain could serve as a real catalyst by ratifying as soon as possible," she said. "It would provide a serious boost to the growing world movement to ensure accountability for the worst violations of international human rights and humanitarian law." 2352:"massive" labour inspection campaign by the Ministry of Labour to ensure that companies obeyed the decision. The ban was criticized by construction companies saying that the government's decision would delay their projects, but according to the Ministry of Labour, migrant workers' protection representatives and human rights activities have welcomed the move. 6027: 3781:"after the dismantling of the apartheid regime in South Africa, Bahrain remained the only country where a minority dictated terms to a majority. More than 70 percent of the Bahrainis are Shiite Muslims, but they have little or no say in the government." Ameen Izzadeen "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," 18 March, 32011, Daily Mirror 708:, Bahrain is practicing "a form of sectarian apartheid by not allowing Shiites to hold key government posts or serve in the police or military. In fact, the security forces are staffed by Sunnis from Syria and Pakistan who also get fast-tracked to Bahraini citizenship, much to the displeasure of the indigenous Shiite population." 758:

prostitutes and make the neighbourhood dirty... these are poor people who often live in groups of 50 or more, crammed into one house or apartment," said Mr Rahma. "The rules also state that there must be at least one bathroom for every five people... there have also been cases in which young children have been sexually molested.

1434:, while hundreds of political prisoners had been piled up and tortured in prisons of Bahrain. In 2012, Salah Abbas was murdered by the Bahraini police and his body was found a day before the Grand Prix. Similarly, in 2017, Najah Yusuf was arrested, tortured and sexually assaulted by the Bahraini authorities for criticizing the 2203:. The government used women's rights as a decorative tool on the international level. While the High Council for Women was used to hinder non-governmental women societies and to block the registration of the Women Union for many years. Even when the union was recently registered, it was restricted by the law on societies. 1525:. It was possible for the King to ratify the sentences or grant pardons to those sentenced. The report claimed that the Bahraini courts failed on multiple levels to investigate reports of torture or abuse used as a means to coerce confessions as evidence for death sentencing, prohibited under Article 7 of the 2160:

that dominate parliament has ever fielded a female candidate. One woman won a seat in parliament in 2006, although her victory in the sparsely populated constituency in the south of the country was seen by some as engineered by the government which wanted to see a woman represented in Council of Deputies.

576:, between 2007 and 2009, the government regularly practiced torture and ill-treatment in interrogating security suspects. Although government spokesmen have issued denials, there is no evidence of criminal investigations and the government has not imposed disciplinary measures on the alleged perpetrators. 618:

by the criminal court at Bahrain's request. No reason was given by the foreign ministry, but the decision was made under Section 21 of the Prosecution Act, which allows for cases to be dropped if not in the public interest, and he would be released and allowed to return to Australia as soon as possible.

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The government is using the family law issue as a bargaining tool with opposition Islamic groups. This is evident through the fact that the authorities raise this issue whenever they want to distract attention from other controversial political issues. While no serious steps are taken to help approve

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MP, Sayed Abdulla Al A'ali, called for legislation to restrict women's employment rights by banning women from "male-orientated jobs", Ms Rabea said, "With this type of thinking I am sure we are facing a very big challenge with parliament. I am worried about this, it is very serious." Bahrain Women's

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Municipal Council vice-chairman Abbas Mahfoodh for closer cooperation between politicians and the Interior Ministry to stamp out rioting, after residents of the town of Tubli confronted and chased away three masked men who allegedly planned to commit acts of sabotage using Molotov cocktail firebombs.

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In 2023, Jalal al-Qassab, 60, and Redha Rajab, 67, were imprisoned after their final appeals were rejected. Both men, members of the Bahraini cultural association Al-Tajdeed (lit: reformation; referring to the reformation of Islam), were sentenced to one year in prison and fined for "mocking" Islamic

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The press and publications law prohibits anti-Islamic media, and mandates imprisonment for “exposing the state’s official religion for offense and criticism.” The law states that “any publication that prejudices the ruling system of the country and its official religion, public morals or any faith in

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An estimated 1000 Bahrainis have been detained since the uprising and Bahraini and international human rights groups have documented hundreds of cases of torture and abuse of Shia detainees. According to csmonitor.org, the government has gone beyond the crushing of political dissent to what "appears"

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Authorities have held secret trials where protesters have been sentenced to death, arrested prominent mainstream opposition politicians, jailed nurses and doctors who treated injured protesters, seized the health care system that had been run primarily by Shiites, fired 1,000 Shiite professionals and

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On 1 November 2017, Bahrain imposed charges against Sheikh Ali Salman, Hassan Sultan, and Ali al-Aswad because of their efforts for reform through peaceful means. In March 2018, Bahrain refused to grant Bahraini citizenship to the daughter of Sheikh Ali Salman, a prominent Shia and opposition leader

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claimed that Bahrain failed to fulfil an undertaking it pledged at the Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review in 2008. The Kingdom had pledged that it "is fully committed to supporting non-governmental organizations through legal and other instruments". Instead, it shut down almost all NGOs

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In July 2021, non-governmental organisation IFEX called upon the Bahraini government to immediately release prominent Bahraini human rights defender and academic Dr.Abduljalil AlSingace, who went on a hunger strike to protest against the degrading and punitive treatment he had been receiving from Jau

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In November 2021, the European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR) reported that Bahrain is using institutional collaborations to hide abysmal human rights records. Such partnerships between an academic institution and an abusive regime are based on the concept of academic whitewashing. It

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There are a large number of foreign workers and, while in theory they are allowed to join unions and run for union office, they mainly prefer to stay out of union activities as they have no protection against dismissal. According to the proposed legislation, if expatriate workers overstay their work

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According to Human Rights Watch, in as of 2011 there were more than 458,000 guest workers in Bahrain, many of whom experience prolonged periods of withheld wages, passport confiscation, unsafe housing, excessive work hours and physical abuse. Government protective measures are "largely ineffective."

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to grant women the right to vote and equal political rights with men was opposed by a majority of Bahraini women, with 60% of women surveyed saying they disagreed with the move. Salafists have publicly restated their opposition to women's participation in parliament, and none of the Islamist parties

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The Constitution states that Islam is the official religion and that Shari'a (Islamic law) is a principal source for legislation. Article 22 of the Constitution provides for freedom of conscience, the inviolability of worship, and the freedom to perform religious rites and hold religious parades and

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In September 2022, Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Khalifa, Chairman of the Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs in Bahrain, said during his participation in Bashkortostan's celebrations of the 11th anniversary of the introduction of Islam: "There is no doubt that you have followed and

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released a joint report stating that Bahraini courts routinely violated defendants’ rights to fair trials, and sentenced defendants to death following manifestly unfair trials, based primarily on confessions allegedly coerced through torture. Since 2011, courts in Bahrain have sentenced 51 people to

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The COVID-19 outbreak in Bahrain's main prison, Jau has left prisoners with poor living conditions asprison authorities continue to deliberately neglect medical needs. According to Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), a second outbreak at Jau began in mid-May’21, infecting at

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spoke against the discrimination of Shias in Bahrain, saying, "Members of the Shia community there continue to report ongoing discrimination in government employment, education, and the justice system," and that "Bahrain must stop discriminating against the Shia communities." He also stated that "In

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uprising and crackdown against Shia protest in Bahrain, "dozens" of Shia mosques have been leveled by the government according to a report in McClatchy newspapers. According to Shiite leaders interviewed by the reporter, work crews have often arrived "in the dead of night, accompanied by police and

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The Bandargate scandal refers to an alleged political conspiracy by the certain government officials in Bahrain to foment sectarian strife and marginalize the majority Shia community in the country. The conspiracy was allegedly led and financed by Sheikh Ahmed bin Ateyatalla Al Khalifa, Minister of

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demanded that on the occasion of Bahrain National Day, December 16, 2021, authorities use the customary pardon to free everyone imprisoned for exercising freedom of expression and association. The most prominent opposition leaders, including human rights defenders, and journalists, have been behind

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documented violations of medical neutrality including the beating, abuse, and threatening of Shi'a physicians at Salmaniya Hospital; government security forces stealing ambulances and posing as medics; the militarization of hospitals and clinics, thus obstructing medical care; and rampant fear that

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On 20 June 2016, Ayatullah Sheikh Isa Qassim was stripped of his nationality. As a result, some people protested the Bahraini government's act of doing this by holding a sit-in outside the home of the Ayatullah. On 23 May 2017, however, Bahraini security forces attack the sit-in. As a result of the

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In April 2021, the death of a Bahraini prisoner at the Jau prison due to COVID-19 led to protests from angry inmates who feared their lives following the lack of medical facilities and treatment. The sit-in lasted for 10 days at building 13. The data provided by the Bahrain Institute for Rights and

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published a collection of threats sent to naturalized citizens warning that they would have to 'choose between the suitcase and the coffin', promising 'Death and fire are your destiny' and another warned that the author hated all naturalized Bahrainis, "You are detested. You have taken from us, the

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He was kept in detention in Thailand while the Australian government and many international organisations and individuals lobbied for his release, until it was announced on 11 February 2019 by the Thai Office of the Attorney-General (OAG) that the extradition case against al-Araibi had been dropped

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to assess the incidents that occurred in the Kingdom during the period of unrest in February and March 2011 and the consequences of these events. The report was released on 23 November of that year and confirmed that there were some incidents of physical and psychological abuse on detainees. It has

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In 2007, government passed legislation to ban construction and other outdoor work between noon and 4 pm during the summer – the hottest times of the day. The vast majority of those involved in this type of work being expatriate labourers from the Indian sub-continent. The move was backed by a

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at a seminar in Bahrain on trade unionism, held under the patronage of the Labour Ministry, described some of Bahrain's labour laws as out of line with international standards. According to the ILO international labour standards department deputy director, Karen Curtis, the current rules governing

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in Islam, and since Bahrain's constitution states that Islam is the official religion and that Shari'a (Islamic law) is a principal source for legislation, as such, there is an established state religion where Islamic studies are mandatory in state schools, there is a religious control over family

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Demonstrations of all sorts occur on a regular bases – less than common in the region. The laws regulating rallies and demonstrations predate the reforms; a bill for a new one has not yet been passed by parliament. As is the case with press freedom, a general liberal practise without the necessary

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According to the MOI, during the year, the ministry investigated 26 individuals for defamation of religions, a charge usually stemming from statements made during sermons, and the government prosecuted six of them for inciting religious hatred and sectarianism. Courts convicted two of the six, but

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Bahraini’s showed up to the November 2022 elections to vote for a meaningful change, only to find out that the opposition was banned, as per rights groups. Despite 330+ candidates, which included a record 73 women competing in the elections, the elections ended up being an unfair event with all of

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In late April 2018, after the Bahraini monarch commuted the death sentences of four men who had been tried by Bahrain's military court, four Shia sheikhs released a statement saying that they hoped that such steps would be "extended to the rest of those sentenced ." The statement also called for a

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Human rights groups reported on 9 April 2021 the detention of the family members of prominent political prisoners following their peaceful protests against their imprisonment, which included Mohammed Al-Daqqaq and his inmate on death row, Mohammed Ramadhan. The arrests were made during an event of

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was arrested by the Bahraini authorities and sentenced to prison for life for his role in the 2011 uprisings. Following his arrest, he was subjected to beatings at night for two months and was kept in solitary confinement. He has been subjected to torture and ill-treatment, where he was forced to

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government has been using British taxpayers’ money to secretly fund a Bahraini government institution, known as the National Intelligence Agency Ombudsman. The institution was accused of “whitewashing” the torture and rape of women's rights activists. The British government was condemned by Najah

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It is appalling that Bahrain is willing to rest on the benefits of these people’s hard work, and often their suffering, but that they refuse to live with them in equality and dignity. The solution is not to force migrant workers into ghettos, but to urge companies to improve living conditions for

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In Bahrain, stateless people are denied the right to hold legal residency, are not allowed the right to travel abroad, buy houses, and to hold government jobs. They are also not allowed to own land, start a business and borrow loans. Recently, the Bahraini government issued regulations preventing

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The Interior Ministry had to resist pressure in May 2007 from business leaders to 'crack down' on the rioters, as well as deal with concerns that local residents would take matters into their own hands and deal with the rioters themselves. Concerns about vigilantism resulted in a call by Central

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Various Bahraini liberal intellectuals in Bahrain strongly criticized the Bahraini government for "favoring extremist Islamic religious groups and hastening to respond to their demands at the expense of the interests of many social groups and various sectors of production," and expressed concern

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The Press Law 47 of 2002 has been strongly criticised as restrictive as it specifies criminal charges against those who criticise the head of state or Islam, or "threaten national security". However, discussion in the newspapers is often robust with journalists frequently criticising government

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On 5 January 2009 the Ministry of Culture and Information issued an order (Resolution No 1 of 2009) pursuant to the Telecommunications Law and Press and Publications Law of Bahrain that regulates the blocking and unblocking of websites. This resolution requires all ISPs – among other things – to

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said Bahraini authorities are apparently targeting the family members of a prominent Bahraini activist, Sayed al-Wadaei, in retaliation for his human rights work. They have detained both his brother-in-law and his mother-in-law. Sayed has accused Bahraini authorities of serious human rights

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A typical male Bahraini with political interests has multiple affiliations: he is a member of a political society, has joined two or three NGOS in the first reform euphoria (related to human rights, women, environment), has been (since he entered his professional life) a member of a professional

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A 22-year-old Bahraini, Mustafa Abdul-Karim Khatam, was reported to be in a bad health condition, following torture inside Jau Prison. He was allegedly interrogated and tortured to submit to charges. Despite the worsened conditions, Khatam was denied any medical assistance or care, criticized by

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On 25 April 2010, Royal Order No. 16/2010 appointed 17 men and five women as the first members of the NHRI, including prominent human rights activists Salman al-Sayyid 'Ali Kamal al-Din, the former deputy secretary-general of the independent Bahrain Human Rights Society, as president. While the

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The Workers' Trade Union Law of September 2002 introduced the right to belong to trade unions in Bahrain. It established the General Federation of Bahrain Trade Unions (GFBTU) but not full freedom of association, as all trade unions have to belong to the GFBTU. Workers in the private and public

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report on the human rights situation in Bahrain during 2016, Authorities continued imposing restrictions on the rights to freedom of expression and association and continued to curtail the right to peaceful assembly. The international organization said authorities detained several activists and

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In August 2023, Bahrain's government used political isolation laws to curb activists and former opposition members from public participation, resulting in rights abuses and stifled democracy, as per a report by Human Rights Watch. The laws, enacted in 2018, restricted running for parliament and

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According to Ricochet, independent journalism and crowdfunded media outlet, the largest prison of Bahrain, Jau, an average cell measuring 3 by 3.4 meters house approximately 12 prisoners at a time, despite coronavirus pandemic. Many of the inmates are political prisoners arrested for opposition

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cleric Ahmed Abdulaziz Al Madhiwas accused of ‘insulting the companions of the Prophet Muhammed’ during a sermon and was prosecuted under Article 310 of the penal code. Al Madhi is one of dozens of Jaafari religious figures to be harassed and jailed by Bahraini authorities for similar charges.

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Civil society has been prominent in supporting specific legislation promoting human rights through parliament. One recent campaign is the call for Bahrain's government to ratify the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It is being led by the Bahrain-branch of the Coalition for the

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to assess the incidents that occurred in the Kingdom during the period of unrest in February and March 2011 and the consequences of these events. The report was released on 23 November and confirmed the Bahraini government's use of torture and other forms of physical and psychological abuse on

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revealed that 20 loyalists close to Bahrain's government, including two members of the royal family, were also listed in the leaked database of numbers targeted or hacked by NSO. The mobile phone of a US state department official, who was stationed in Bahrain at the time of her selection, also

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Technically, consensual sex between same sex couples is legal. However, the government has in recent years adopted restrictive measures towards what it identifies as “moral” issues. By including homosexual sexual acts and behaviour under the category of “immoral” behaviour, the government has

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Generally, civil society has thriven, at least numerically. Bahrain's NGOs are fragmented – many NGOs are really a spin-off of a political organisation and/or can draw only a narrow ethnic-sectarian segment to their activities. Generally the more elitist the NGO, the less narrowly defined its

2524:, other NGOs including the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights questioned the credibility and independence of the new institution. The Center alleged that several of the 22 nominees held government appointments or were linked to bodies accused by the Society of operating as government fronts or 1073:

On 12 April 2022, Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) criticized relations of the UK and US with Bahrain, stating that the two nations turned a blind-eye towards the Arab nation's legalization of systematic repression and human rights violations. The US and UK were

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The rules we are drawing up are designed to protect the rights of both the families and the Asian bachelors... these labourers often have habits which are difficult for families living nearby to tolerate... they come out of their homes half dressed, brew alcohol illegally in their homes, use

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Other venues for political and social interactions are obviously the headquarters of political societies. Several of these also have regular weekly or monthly lecture days. Many headquarters of NGOs and trade unions are located very close to each other, since the king had donated a block of

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On 19 August 2015, Bahraini authorities arrested Shia cleric and former MP Sheikh Hassan Isa. His arrest on false charges was said to be a reprisal of the Bahraini government against him, and it was reported that the measures taken against Sheikh Isa, who was innocent, violated national and

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December 2016, Euro Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor condemned Bahrain's policies which restrict the freedom of press and media. The violations include arresting, and torturing journalists who have a contrary political view to the government. According to the International Monitor, these

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A bill prompted by women's rights activists in 2005 to introduce a unified personal status law to protect women's rights in marriage, divorce and other family matters was opposed in a series of large-scale demonstrations organised by an alliance of salafists and Shia Islamists including

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A new law, soon to be passed, looks set to restrict unions' freedom to carry out a legal strike. There was much concern about the lack of proper protection foreseen for foreign workers who make up 60 per cent of the workforce. The head of Gulf Air's union was sacked shortly after his

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published in October 2022 claimed that despite a de facto moratorium on executions put in place in 2017, executions have continued to take place in Bahrain. Approximately, 51 people were sentenced to death who had exhausted their appeals, even though the Bahraini law is controlled by

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Only one trade union may be formed at each establishment, but no prior authorisation is required to form a union. The only requirement is that the union's constitution must be communicated to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, together with the names of the founding members.

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In 2017, Bahrain ended its moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and by 2020 had executed six people. As of 2021, there are 27 individuals on death row in the country, with 25 deemed at "imminent risk" of execution according to the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy.

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this law, although the government and its puppet National Assembly had no trouble in the last four years when it came to approving restrictive laws related to basic freedoms. All of this is why no one in Bahrain believes in Government clichés and government institution like the

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In February 2011, the tensions between the Sunni ruling minority and the Shi'a majority spilled over into street protests which was violently suppressed by police forces, resulting in multiple civilian deaths. McClatchy Newspapers/csmonitor.com reported that as of mid-May 2011,

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Bahrain is considered a Tier 2 country on the US State Department Trafficking in Persons report, the second highest tier, and indicated that Bahrain "does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking," but is "making significant efforts to do so."

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permits, they suffer heavy fines, are imprisoned for unspecified lengths of time and then deported. The government admitted that the new law would not give domestic servants any employment rights, but contained measures that would protect them against abuse from employers.

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Bahrain has a complex civil society, which pre-dates the reforms introduced by King Hamad, and has its roots in the emergence of the labour movement and the development of an educated middle class in the 1930s. According to a 2006 study on civil society in Bahrain by the

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On July 11, 2020, the UK foreign office was urged to intervene to stop the execution of Mohammed Ramadan and Husain Moosa, two Bahraini pro-democracy activists who were given death sentence by a Bahrain court, despite claims of confessions extracted through torture.

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As such, many political websites and blogs are blocked by the government, and as of November 2005 the government requires all Bahraini websites to register with the Ministry of Information. In August 2006, Bahraini government authorities blocked internet access to

6141:, Research section at the OpenNet Initiative web site, a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa 3634:

UNHCR resolution (Ref: E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/L.8) "Questions of the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including policies of racial discrimination and segregation and of apartheid, in all countries," is a "resolution condemning the government of

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association. If Shiite, he attends ma’atim at least for holidays, and is involved in some charity, religious or through a local fund. It’s quite likely he is a regular to a majlis, the likelihood even increasing in case he is Sunni with tribal affiliations.

911:

In April 2021, rights defender Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja not only turned 60 years old but also completed 10 years of unconditional imprisonment. The family members of Abdulhadi are concerned about his well-being due to his declining health condition during the

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describes the demonstrators as "protesting an apartheid system that denies them opportunities equal to those of their Sunni neighbors.", "From colonial policing to community policing in Bahrain: The historical persistence of sectarianism", Staci Strobl,

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stated that when it came to right and wrong, the Government’s position on Bahrain shows it has “clearly picked which side they are on”, citing the case of Dr. Al-Singace, who has suffered torture and sexual abuse at the hands of Bahraini security forces.

1664:“a punishment for a period not exceeding one year or a fine not exceeding BD 100 shall be inflicted upon any person who commits an offence by any method of expression against one of the recognized religious communities or ridicules the rituals thereof”. 3700:"the language of the ruling party sounds a lot to me like the language of white South Africans – or even like the language of white southerners in Jim Crow America... There's a fear of the rabble, a distrust of full democracy, a sense of entitlement." 1504:. In January, the minister of interior revoked the citizenship of 72, including former parliamentarians and politicians, claiming that they had been involved in "illegal acts," including "inciting and advocating regime change through illegal means". 1480:

On the weekend of 31 January/1 February 2015, 72 Bahraini citizens, including "about 50 journalists, bloggers, religious figures, doctors, political and human rights activists" and about 20 people "suspected of or known to have left Bahrain to join

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a manner likely to disturb the peace, can be banned from publication by a ministerial order.” The law allows the production and distribution of religious media and publications of minority groups, under condition that they do not criticize Islam.

1351:

Contrary to views commonly held on Gulf states’ societies, Bahrain’s society offers a complex matrix of interlinking social institutions, understood in a broader anthropological sense. These can in varying degrees be mobilised for political ends.

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In the wake of the 2011 uprising, Physicians for Human Rights has become internationally recognized for its work exposing human rights violations in Bahrain, particularly regarding medical neutrality. The organization released a report titled

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prevented patients from seeking urgent medical treatment. Other key findings in the report included the use of excessive force against unarmed civilians and violent assaults on civilian detainees by government authorities and security forces.

2183:'s head of campaigns, Fawzia Rabea, described the threat to women's rights as 'very serious' and called on women to do everything in their power to fight laws proposed by the new parliament that could limit their freedom. After newly elected 1755:

According to media, on December 9, the MOI announced it had arrested a male citizen for blasphemy and for inciting immoral activities on social media. The MOI referred the case to the public prosecutor, and it remained pending at year’s end.

1382:

was blocked in February 2006 on the grounds that leading MPs said contradicted Islamic laws. Al Menbar Bloc president Dr Salah Abdulrahman complained that the covenant would allow citizens to change religions without any restrictions, noting

996:, violation of due process, and unfair trials in Bahrain”. They also pointed out at the intolerance towards free expression and suppression of peaceful dissent. The committee's legislation stated that Government of Bahrain should release the 7979: 1394:

International Criminal Court and wants the government to transfer the draft bill on ratification to parliament at the earliest. The Bahraini Coalition for the ICC is headed by Nasser Burdestani (who is also the head of the Bahrain-branch of

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King Hamad's moves to promote women's rights have been described by Amnesty International as representing a "New Dawn for Bahraini Women". In 2002, women voted for the first time in national elections and were given equal political rights.

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Bahrain is the only country in the Middle East to have sacked a senior government minister as a direct result of a human rights issue. In 2004, when the security forces fired rubber bullets at a demonstration led by Shia religious leaders,

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in 2004 stated the Code can be used "as a justification to restrict freedom of expression. The organization reiterates its call for the Code to be reviewed as soon a possible to ensure compliance with international human rights standards."

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An amended trade union law that would allow government employees to form trade unions but would remove some workers rights' protection was submitted to Parliament in October 2004. However it had still not been approved by the end of 2005.

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The government claims that the press is free. However, the Penal Code of 1976, still active today, has been widely criticized by local and international human rights bodies for granting the regime widespread powers to suppress dissent.

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says "Bahrain is virtually an apartheid state." Shibil Siddiqi From the Centre for the Study of Global Power and Politics at Trent University, "Democracy and the Middle East," 21 March 2011, Espress Tribune of the International Herald

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According to Human Rights Watch 2011 country report and the international press, freedom of the press both in print and on web sites is severely restricted, with websites blocked, journalists allegedly tortured and editors fired.

594:, death sentences in Bahrain have increased by over 600% in the last ten years. The report also called the use of torture in Bahrain "endemic", revealing cases of forced confessions, electric shocks, beatings and attempted rape. 3201: 2008:

New political freedoms mean that public political activity and demonstrations are a common occurrence: according to the Ministry of Interior's figures there were 498 street demonstrations in 2006, up from 259 the previous year.

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Catering to the urban elites of both sects, the first clubs were opened in Manama earlier than in the rest of the Gulf region. Namely, the Uruba Club to which most prominent liberals are a member was founded in the early 1930s.

1011:, expressing grave concerns about the human rights violations in Bahrain. The letter, under the initiative of the European Center for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR), raised many questions regarding the measures taken by the 777:

There was a flurry of racially motivated hate messages sent to naturalized Bahrainis from developing countries after opposition political leaders alleged that immigration was tantamount to ‘cultural genocide’. In November 2006,

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them from sending their children to public schools and to receive free medical care. The stateless can also get deported at any time. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Bahraini government has deported hundreds of Bedoon to

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authorities did not announce their sentences. The other four cases remained ongoing at year’s end. The government also prosecuted 11 of the 26 individuals for “despising other religions” and convicted one person of blasphemy.

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reported that during the 2011 uprising the Bahraini government initiated systematic and targeted attacks against medical personnel who had witnessed government atrocities while treating civilian protesters. In a report titled

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journalists are accused of being involved in acts of sabotage or even in supporting terrorism. The decline of the level of press freedom has put Bahrain in the 142 out of 180 on the global press freedom rankings for 2016.

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Bahraini human rights groups say "hundreds of women have been detained" in recent weeks prior to 30 May 2011, "the first time in the wave of protests sweeping the Arab world that large groups of women have been targeted".

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and the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, which have frequently been highly critical of one another, the Center accusing the Society of having been unduly close to government. Other NGOs active around 2008–10 included the

8343: 4518: 6589: 1952:: "The vicious and unprovoked attack on a respected and distinguished colleague is an example of the intolerant and undemocratic character of extremist politics that is increasingly being used against the free press." 715:, while the Shiites exceeds 70% of the population, "they occupy less than 18% of total top jobs in government establishments. In several government ministries and corporations no Shiite is appointed in leading jobs." 3842:, has formally expressed his government's concern over the "apartheid-like" discrimination practiced against the Shiite majority by the government of Bahrain in a letter addressed to United Nations Secretary-General 792:, Bahrain's personal status law (Law 19/2009), adopted in 2009 and marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance cases, applies only to Sunnis although women's groups believe that it should treat all citizens equally. 683:

at the end of the eighteenth century. Shiites alleged that the Al Khalifa failed to gain legitimacy in Bahrain and established a system of "political apartheid based on racial, sectarian, and tribal discrimination."

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Jobs in the police and armed forced are reserved for Sunni. Sunni Saudis are admitted to Bahrain as citizens to fill these jobs. Shiites and "some Sunnis of Persian origins", are banned from residing in the city of

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A 15-year-old boy, Hussein Sayed Taher, was arbitrarily arrested at the age of 12 and sentenced to 8 years in prison. He went on a hunger strike in August 2021 as he was being ill-treated by Bahraini authorities.

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stated that, "if Bahrain is to preserve its reputation as a financial and service center in the Gulf, then the government must begin to forge a new national consensus and end the apartheid against the Shi'ites".

3348:"Sectarian discrimination in the kingdom of Bahrain: The Unwritten Law, A paper Presented to: WANGO ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2003 (Toward an Ethical and Caring Global Community) September 25–28, 2003 Bangkok, Thailand" 2347:

In August 2009 Bahrain adopted Decision 79/2009 permitting guest workers, except for domestics, more freedom to change jobs. According to Human Rights Watch, as of 2011 many workers were unaware of this right.

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has been besieged by the Bahraini government. The siege included the Bahraini government from forcibly preventing Shias to perform the congregational Juma (Friday) prayer in the Imam Al-Sadiq Mosque in Diraz.

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passed a law banning unmarried migrant workers from living in residential areas. To justify the law MP Nasser Fadhala, a close ally of the government said "bachelors also use these houses to make alcohol, run

4731: 2020:

Bahrain has been a poster child for political reform in the Middle East, but police attacks like this one are a worrisome trend. Bahrain is growing more repressive in response to peaceful political activism.

1943:

Liberal intellectuals in the press have faced concerted campaigns against them by Islamists. In 2005, hundreds of Shia Islamists protested outside the Al Ayam's offices after it published a cartoon on Iran's

1713:

In November 2016, a Bahraini court sentenced journalist and blogger Faisal Hayyat under Article 309 of the penal code to 3 months in prison for a tweet deemed to have insulted a “religious symbol and group.”

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claimed that children aged between 11 and 17 were being held by Bahrain police over protest-related cases since mid-February 2020. The children were unnecessarily detained during the 10th anniversary of the

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Mansoor Al-Jamri says of the political system in Bahrain, "It's apartheid... They've made a decision that half the population is not wanted, and they want to instill fear in this population and dehumanize

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There are several generic human rights NGOs in Bahrain, and other NGOs working in related fields such as women's rights, child rights and migrant labour. The two most prominent organisations have been the

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The government's moves to join international treaties protecting human rights have often been opposed by parliament. The initial attempt to get parliamentary ratification of the Optional Protocol to the

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According to the Human Right Watch 2011 country report, freedom of association is severely curtailed by an association law, "which prohibits organizations from involvement in political activities." The

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to hack into the phones of three individuals involved in political opposition. The targets included a prominent lawyer, an exiled Bahraini psychiatrist and a journalist. A separate investigation by the

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On 6 September 2010, Salman Kamal al-Din resigned as president, in protest at the institution's failure to criticise the arrests of pro-democracy activists. The current president of the institution is

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There are also concerns of the Bahraini government's systematic efforts to diminish the Shia majority by promotion of immigration of Sunni Muslims and granting them citizenship. According to Dr.

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attempted to indirectly ban homosexuality. The punishments for some of these crimes can include five months of hard labour and, although it is seldom sentenced, imprisonment of up to ten years.

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Also in August 2017, around the three-month anniversary of Ayatullah Sheikh Isa Qassim's house arrest, it was reported that Bahraini authorities were placing concrete barriers around his house.

1027:

and Sheikh Mohammad Habib Al-Miqdad. The MEPs also requested in their letter to impose sanctions against members of the government of Bahrain responsible for the said violation of human rights.

5041: 2977: 2393:, six British politicians and Members of Parliament stated that Bahrain's continued participation in the Saudi-led bombing campaigns destroyed ecosystems and contaminated the soil and water in 1390:

It was not until June 2006 that a second attempt was made to ratify the country's accession to the Covenant, meaning that Bahrain did not formally accede to the treaty until 20 September 2006.

1239:

detainees. It has been criticized for not disclosing the names of individual perpetrators of abuses and extending accountability only to those who actively carried out human rights violations.

4619: 2172:. The demonstrations (and the implicit threat of escalation by those who organised them) forced the government to withdraw the law and was seen as a major defeat for women's rights activists. 3574: 4671: 3936: 2426:

is also directly involved with Bahrain's Royal Academy of Policing (RAP), an organisation that has repeatedly been accused of engaging in torture. Another example is the Italian University

1684:

In August, 2012, a Bahraini court sentenced a man (name unknown) to two years in prison for making insulting comments about one of the Prophet Mohammad’s wives. The man reportedly insulted

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Parliamentary and municipal elections take place every four years, since the restoration of elections in 2002, when women were also given the vote for the first time as part of reforms by

908:

urged the government to release the human rights defenders, political activists, opposition leaders, and journalists who were unjustly imprisoned for peacefully expressing their opinions.

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bars for more than a decade for their role in the 2011 pro-democracy protests. According to the reports, Bahrain has one of the highest incarceration rates per capita in the Middle East.

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In 2017, a British mum got jailed in Bahrain after her 'violent husband accused her of adultery.’ Hannah James was thrown behind bars after her husband claimed she had cheated on him.

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noted in 2004 that the Penal Code gives the government "wide latitude to suppress public criticism" and that it "has provisions that contradict international human rights standards".

785:

sons of Bahrain, our homes, jobs and education opportunities. You will face the same destiny as the Egyptians in Iraq . It will be nails, hammers and a coffin. Your destiny is near."

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champion to highlight the reality of their dilemma to the world. In a letter to Hamilton, they also praised his commitment to pursuing equality, anti-racism and human rights causes.

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death, and the state has executed six since the end of a de facto moratorium on executions in 2017. As of June 2022, 26 men were on death row, and all have exhausted their appeals.

4709: 9913: 1402:"The fact that we in Bahrain do not suffer from such grave crimes that are within the court's jurisdiction should facilitate the process of ratification without any reservations." 1126:

In August 2017, Bahraini authorities arrested Shia cleric Sayed Mohieldin Al-Mashaal. Sayed Al-Mashaal had previously been harassed by the Bahraini authorities for about 5 years.

904:

was released from prison on 9 June 2020. He was detained in 2016 and then sentenced for five years in prison on peacefully expressing his views on the Bahraini government online.

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and government ministers are not elected. They are appointed directly by the King, but ministers can be removed by parliamentary no-confidence votes. The current Prime Minister,

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as "dismal", and having "deteriorated sharply in the latter half of 2010". Their subsequent report in 2020 noted that the human rights situation in the country had not improved.

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been criticized for not disclosing the names of individual perpetrators of abuses and extending accountability only to those who actively carried out human rights violations.

1406:

Citing the role that Bahrain plays in the region and the domino effect, the Coalition for the International Criminal Court Co-ordinator for the Middle East and North Africa,

1171:

canceled their pensions, detained students and teachers who took part in the protests, beat and arrested journalists, and forced the closure of the only opposition newspaper.

10313: 202: 9015: 9908: 9333: 1956:"about the course that Bahraini politics is taking in light of the fear of The decline of freedoms and the issuance of Taliban-ish laws that tighten the screws on them." 9903: 6299: 3373: 1559:

abuses. Since having forced Sayed into exile in Britain, authorities have resorted to threatening and harassing his wife, infant son, and relatives with torture.

10475: 9667: 7495: 7194: 5929: 4739: 4109: 9898: 9551: 8952: 6537: 5374: 5135: 4858: 762:

Bahrain Centre for Human Rights issued a press release condemning this decision as discriminatory and promoting negative racist attitudes towards migrant workers.

9727: 5545: 7467: 2397:, while contributing to the humanitarian disaster in the country. The signatories said that Bahrain's involvement in the war undermines its commitment to tackle 2194:, the most prominent women's rights activist in Bahrain has called the government's reforms "artificial and marginal". In a statement in December 2006 she said: 190: 9105: 6811: 7969: 7591: 5849: 2049:

While public demonstrations about various issues regularly take place, they have sometimes resulted in clashes between the police and youths. Fifteen Bahraini

9055: 4963: 4912: 992:

addressed the extensive human rights violations by the Bahraini government. The Committee expressed concerns over the “widespread use of arbitrary detention,

10303: 7672: 6729: 4388: 1327:, is the King's paternal uncle and has been in office since 1970. Twelve of the twenty-three cabinet ministers appointed in November 2006 are members of the 924:

suppression of protesters during a demonstration against the severe outbreak of coronavirus at the Jau Prison, where the political prisoners have been held.

9142: 8990: 5790: 5755: 5273: 5189: 4649: 2473:, an NGO based in Washington, DC, has also stepped up to expose the violations against Shia Muslims in Bahrain. The organization published a report titled 1526: 1379: 9343: 9268: 9208: 9060: 6635: 5320: 9856: 8542: 7643: 4999: 4556: 2544: 2000:

On 31 August 2014, photographer Ahmed Humaidan was condemned to 10 years in prison after covering the 2011 uprising, allegedly for attacking the police.

160: 9717: 9491: 9451: 9248: 9112: 9085: 9040: 2290:

annual report of 2006 unions are allowed to play an "effective role" with workers having the right to unionise. According to the ICTFU's annual report:

1387:," he said. "Under the convention, women have the right to marry without their father's consent, while in Islam they should do so if she was a virgin". 10385: 7922: 6995: 6741: 6468: 2072:) documented two cases of human rights activists being harassed by government authorities, through physical and sexual assaults, and fabricated cases. 9308: 9278: 9162: 7085: 7054: 7023: 7011: 6553: 5696: 5346: 5038: 10328: 5117: 4095: 3417: 9757: 9632: 9328: 9293: 9213: 9167: 9000: 3648: 3582: 2053:

activists were arrested between 16 and 20 May May 2007 following clashes the police. Thirteen remain in custody, (as of June 2007) according to the

10098: 6983: 6964: 6948: 5155: 4440: 2752: 2501: 2287: 989: 856: 852: 9677: 9592: 9582: 9350: 9298: 9263: 9223: 9137: 9127: 9117: 9070: 7124: 4845: 4679: 3944: 1940:

ministers: for instance one newspaper recently criticised the Minister of Housing, Fahmi Al Jowder, for lavishing "ludicrous praise" on the King.

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attack, five people died, dozens of people were injured, and hundreds of people were arrested. The Ayatullah was also placed under house arrest.

9702: 9627: 9313: 9283: 9218: 9182: 9132: 9050: 7365: 5651: 4829: 4285:"Senate Bill Calls for Unconditional Release of Bahraini Political Prisoners, Report on U.S. State Department's Efforts to Secure their Release" 3790:

Ben Cohen, says "Bahrain is a society where inequality is ethnically rooted, and then buttressed by the denial of civic and political freedoms."

3278: 3029: 9687: 3876: 3857: 3490: 2536: 2516:

to meet a wide range of Bahraini civil society. The NHRI was duly established by the King on 11 November 2009 through Royal Order No. 46/2009.

2455:

As of 2011, several human rights NGOs, including at least the first three named above, had been closed or ordered to close, as was the Bahrain

1974:

In October 2006, the Criminal Court issued a ban on the publication of any news, information or commentary on the series of allegations in the

1464:’s foreign minister to speak out over the deteriorating human rights situation in Bahrain, especially the imprisonment of political opponents. 860: 17: 9288: 9157: 9122: 9065: 9045: 4336: 2920: 1752:. She appeared before the criminal court on May 27. At year’s end, there was no further information available on the disposition of her case. 7488: 6117:[Our Bahrain: Urgent - "Interior": Contact and arrest of two individuals who broadcast publications containing religious blasphemy]. 2382: 2310:

The ICFTU's main concern in its 2006 report was that a new labour law would be far more restrictive of worker's rights. The ICFTU commented:

1786:

is classified as pervasive in the political and social areas, as substantial in Internet tools, and as selective in conflict/security by the

1137:"homeland of love, tolerance, justice, and prosperity." In response, Bahrain's interior ministry threatened the sheikhs with "legal action." 465: 9813: 9461: 9426: 9391: 9323: 9172: 9010: 4135: 3494: 3311: 1830:. Lynn Maalouf of Amnesty International stated that "the suspension of Waad is a flagrant attack on freedom of expression and association". 932:

Democracy and reviewed by the Guardian stated that at least 138 inmates at the prison had been infected with COVID-19 since March 22, 2021.

8945: 7903: 7893: 7552: 7035: 6670: 6155: 5821: 2069: 9147: 9075: 8995: 4362:

Marczak, Bill; Abdulemam, Ali; Scott-Railton, John; Razzak, Bahr Abdul; Anstis, Siena; Al-Jizawi, Noura; Deibert, Ron (18 February 2022).

3728: 3533: 2738: 8483: 7954: 7824: 7069: 5393: 4205: 1733:, was reported which got her subsequently arrested on claims of "blasphemy and defamation of Islam and other religions on social media". 7098: 6092: 4069: 2046:

immediately fired the country's longstanding Interior Minister (and member of the royal family) Sheikh Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa.

807:. This is not the first time that Bahraini authorities havd attacked the commemoration of Ashura; rather, they do so on a yearly basis. 7547: 6757: 6226: 5891: 5063: 4981: 3233: 2585: 2250: 2230: 1932:

has traditionally been close to Bahrain's Left and Arab nationalist strands, featuring controversial columnists such as Sameera Rajab.

1827: 1082: 614:

in 2014, urged the Thailand authorities not to deport him to Bahrain as he was previously tortured in Bahrain for his political views.

591: 4256: 1385:

This means that Muslims could convert to another religion, something against the Islamic law, since those who do so should be beheaded

10396: 10308: 9792: 7964: 7310: 6576: 5237: 2065: 1987: 1948:'s election victory; while a Sunni Islamist campaign against the paper's editor, Isa Al Shaygi, was condemned at a conference of the 1661:

of the penal code criminalize “any method of expression” against a religious community (309), or ridiculing religious beliefs (310):

1231: 606:, who had been sentenced in absentia by Bahrain to 10 years in prison for vandalising a police station, was arrested upon arrival in 509: 9381: 4785: 1959:

All broadcast media is owned and managed by the government. In 2005, three website administrators were arrested by security forces.

10416: 9338: 8424: 8267: 7984: 7655: 7481: 7408: 6702: 543:) who have lived in Bahrain for many decades. Most of Bahrain's stateless are Muslims, some of Bahrain's stateless are Christians. 9823: 9273: 5520: 3557: 1145:

Since 20 June 2016, Bahrain has prevented the leader of Friday prayers of Diraz, a village of about 30,000 people, from entering.

799:

banners and slogans. Ashura, the tenth day of the Islamic year, is an event commemorated by Shias annually, marking the date that

10518: 9849: 8938: 8292: 7850: 6233: 6005: 1949: 1710:

speech. After his release, in March 2019 Sharif was sentenced to 6 months in prison for tweeting criticism of Sudan’s president.

360: 9923: 9762: 9737: 9617: 8985: 6721: 6255: 6171:

Resolution No 1 of 2009, Ministry of Culture and Information, published in Official Gazette, Issue No.2877, dated 8 January 2009

5000:"Physicians for Human Rights - PHR Condemns Bahraini Authorities Denial of Entry to PHR Deputy Director on Eve of Doctors Trial" 3088:[UN rapporteurs question Bahraini authorities about widespread violations against Shia Baharna and Ajam at all levels]. 9893: 9722: 9531: 8312: 7720: 7710: 7618: 3617: 2445: 2142: 2054: 1039: 342: 338: 9787: 9622: 9030: 3649:""UN Human Right Sub-Commission Passes a Historic Resolution on Bahrain on 21 August 1997." August 21, 1997, Voice of Bahrain" 965:

On 24 September 2021, the Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) reported that a bipartisan group of the

771:

workers – and not to accommodate large numbers of workers in inadequate space, and to improve the standard of living for them.

438: 9661: 9642: 7799: 7700: 5498: 4183: 3377: 2176: 1305: 897:

Bahrain, the government continue to question, detain and arrest Shia clerics, community members and opposition politicians."

734: 322: 145: 9772: 9752: 9732: 9707: 9672: 8980: 6893: 10058: 8660: 8017: 7737: 7403: 6485: 4798: 3991: 3822: 3257: 3093: 1482: 1154: 280: 197: 9536: 9436: 9187: 7419: 5921: 5212:"Amidst Rising Pressure From French MPs, Four Additional MPs Raise Their Concerns for Bahrain's Violation of Human Rights" 1990:. The block order was accompanied by press statements from the Ministry threatening the website owners with legal action. 688:, a leading expert on Middle East and Islamic world said "For Shi'ites, Sunni rule has been like living under apartheid". 10276: 9506: 9152: 8975: 8537: 7732: 7690: 7463: 7398: 6832: 5850:"بالنيابة عن جلالة الملك المعظم.. الشيخ عبدالرحمن بن محمد يشارك في احتفالات باشكورتوستان بمرور 11 قرنًا على دخول الإسلام" 4466: 2493: 2480:

Bahrain also cancelled the visas of Human Rights Watch personnel. They were supposed to be in Bahrain for a conference.

2386: 1277:

After the sentences were condemned by United Nations secretary Ban Ki-moon and international human rights groups such as

1107: 9587: 9095: 6534: 5371: 5132: 5022: 4311:"PRESS RELEASE : MEPs sign a letter expressing their grave concern over serious human rights violations in Bahrain" 3465:"Parliament's law to ban migrant workers who are unmarried from living in residential areas is discriminatory attitudes" 1852:

GONGOs – government operated bogus NGOs like the ‘Bahraini Jurists Society’ and the ‘Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society’

1613:. They called for the Irish authorities to put efforts into the release of Bahrain's opposition political party leader, 10506: 10404: 10053: 9842: 9818: 9777: 9516: 9476: 8473: 7898: 7574: 4884: 2849:

Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States

2575: 2529: 2497: 2422:, while he has a history of overseeing human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini government. Besides, the UK based 2328: 1819: 1703: 1212: 267: 9496: 6568: 6452: 6433: 6388: 6337: 4492: 3179: 1419:

reported that three political prisoners, who claimed to have been victims of human rights abuses in Bahrain, appealed

9953: 9597: 9556: 8102: 7933: 7569: 6803: 6296: 4231:"Bi-partisan Group of US Senators Send Letter to Secretary Blinken Decrying Bahrain's "Violent, Systemic Repression"" 3966: 3923: 3902: 2890: 2857: 2580: 2332: 2320: 1567:

banned others from travelling abroad. Authorities also continued its policy in removing opponents their citizenship.

1485:

in Iraq and Syria", had their citizenships revoked. The citizenship revocations were discussed on the newly launched

1441:

On 4 October 2021, according to a report by Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), four French

1038:’s relationship with Bahrain and accused the government of prioritizing trade deals over human rights abuses. In the 458: 9712: 9501: 9203: 7430: 6773: 3800: 3464: 1133:

in Bahrain. This was Bahrain's retribution for the imprisoned Shiekh's peaceful attempts for reform in the country.

10540: 10351: 9972: 9808: 9511: 9441: 9406: 7865: 7855: 7829: 7579: 7230:"The King of Bahrain recently formed a governmental body under the name of "the National Human Rights Institution"" 5571:"Three Irish Deputies ask the Minister for Foreign Affairs about Bahrain's human rights abuses and Hassan Mushaima" 4414: 3399: 3347: 2448:, the Women's Petition Committee, the Committee for Martyrs and Victims of Torture, the Human Rights Office of the 1175: 1012: 890: 9767: 9080: 6919: 5960: 4157: 1672:

are following with pride the pioneering role of Muslim peoples and major Islamic institutions around the world in

643:

background face systematic racism whereas Sunni Achomis do not. Some Sunni Achomis object to being classified as “

10336: 9541: 9486: 9456: 9318: 8307: 8212: 7564: 7530: 7504: 7449: 7036:

Crown Prince of Bahrain calls for increased social dialogue, fair globalization, announces regional labour summit

6087:["Electronic Crimes": Summoning and arresting two people who posted posts containing religious insults]. 5780: 5747: 5263: 2565: 1324: 1056: 712: 137: 9446: 7445: 7377: 5621: 3897:, as cited in Joe Stork, Routine abuse, routine denial : civil rights and the political crisis in Bahrain, 2151:

However, these top-down reforms have proven contentious, with calls for reform opposed by conservatives and the

815:

Among the journalists, authors and human rights activists who have criticized Bahrain's system as apartheid are

10366: 10063: 9742: 9682: 9657: 9647: 9637: 9602: 9561: 9466: 9177: 9100: 8877: 8862: 8645: 8557: 8478: 8468: 7762: 7747: 7695: 6431:

Bahraini Higher Criminal Court: Banning Publication of News or Information Related to the “Bandar-Gate” Scandal

2955: 2812: 1871: 1103: 974: 672: 253: 248: 243: 238: 185: 150: 9238: 5020:

Voices in Parliament, Debates in Majalis, Banners on the Street: Avenues of Political Participation in Bahrain

3683: 3127: 3086:"مقررو الأمم المتحدة يسائلون السلطات البحرينية عن انتهاكات واسعة ضد البحارنة والعجم الشيعة على كافة المستويات" 2030:

Voices in Parliament, Debates in Majalis, Banners on the Street: Avenues of Political Participation in Bahrain

1617:. In response to the deputies, Coveney expressed serious concerns over the violations of freedom of speech in 1341:

Voices in Parliament, Debates in Majalis, Banners on the Street: Avenues of Political Participation in Bahrain

10486: 10270: 9782: 9747: 9652: 9607: 9386: 9233: 9090: 8820: 8317: 7809: 7725: 6307: 5877: 5104: 3316: 2713: 2025: 1994: 1899: 1522: 1442: 1365: 1336: 704: 290: 165: 155: 6845: 2905: 2452:, the Committee for Citizenship-less and the Coordinating Committee for the Defence of Political Detainees. 2088:

The Bahraini Penal Code does not enlist a penalty for Apostasy or Atheism explicitly, but since Apostasy is

1110:

on the grounds that participation would be "tantamount to accepting the unjust sectarian apartheid system."

985:, interference with peaceful assembly, and restrictions on political participation and religious practice”. 505:

brought further human rights complaints, including the destruction of dozens of long-standing Shia mosques.

10361: 9963: 9692: 9546: 9526: 9481: 9431: 9411: 9396: 9303: 9025: 8714: 8628: 8613: 8417: 8262: 8227: 8182: 7845: 7715: 7628: 7208: 6979: 6960: 6944: 5688: 2906:

Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture : Bahrain., Committee Against Torture

2570: 2440: 1904: 1808: 1571: 1271: 821: 738: 451: 315: 9401: 8463: 6405: 5321:"Bahrain: Joint Letter to Member and Observer States of the United Nations Human Rights Council Delegates" 4939:"Bahrain: Human rights defender Dr. Abduljalil Al-Singace on hunger strike to protest degrading treatment" 4761: 3421: 10346: 10282: 10084: 10079: 9948: 9421: 9253: 8152: 8147: 8042: 6566:

Sexual assaults and fabrication of cases against journalists and activists: "Tunisia, Egypt, and Bahrain"

4830:"Physicians for Human Rights - Richard Sollom Testifies on Bahrain to Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission" 4612:"Ayatullah Qassim's House Arrest Enters Fourth Month, Authorities Set Concrete Barriers around his House" 3652: 2427: 2390: 1285: 1278: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1192: 1183: 328: 178: 9416: 5472: 4363: 2306:

Trade unions are not subject to administrative dissolution. They may not engage in political activities.

1316:. Those represented in the Shura Council include members of Bahrain's Christian and Jewish communities. 1007:

On 20 December 2021, 12 members of the European Parliament signed a joint letter to High Representative

10341: 8272: 8247: 8162: 8142: 8092: 8062: 8052: 7883: 6183:"The Middle Eastern kingdom of Bahrain is quietly heading towards a 'total suppression of human rights" 2423: 2295:

sector may join trade unions, including non-citizens, who make up the majority of Bahrain's workforce.

2089: 1983: 1227:

to be an attempt to "psychologically humiliating the island's Shiite majority into silent submission."

580: 9243: 9035: 1695:

was banned from taking part in a cultural event in Bahrain, due to accusations that she would promote

10424: 9958: 8709: 8665: 8552: 8505: 8358: 8237: 8232: 8112: 7757: 7362: 7279: 7151:"Academic whitewashing: How Bahrain uses academic partnerships to hide its gross human rights abuses" 6369: 6357: 6322: 6115:"موقع بحريننا | بحريننا| عاجل - «الداخلية»: استدعاء وتوقيف شخصين قاما ببث منشورات تتضمن اساءات دينية" 6059: 5647: 3288: 2629: 2489: 2235: 2200: 1979: 1791: 1674:

confronting campaigns to spread atheism and moral decay and threaten families, communities and values

1594: 1320: 131: 7265: 5082: 2699: 2651: 1978:, which has continued to date. In the following weeks, the Ministry of Information ordered Bahraini 1763:

On October 2023, an Asian was reportedly arrested for posting tweets considered insulting to Islam.

1364:

For the average politically active Bahraini, there are usually a number of outlets according to the

10264: 10028: 8493: 8302: 8252: 8207: 8187: 8177: 8077: 8034: 8010: 7389: 5347:""The Court is Satisfied with the Confession": Bahrain Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham Trials" 5029:, Katja Niethammar, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, 2006 3443: 2917: 1921: 1235: 1099: 834: 826: 513: 350: 108: 8930: 7243: 4206:"UK government using taxpayer money to fund Bahraini body accused of covering up torture and rape" 2937: 1744:

woman and charged her with inciting sectarian hatred. According to the government, the woman said

1281:, Bahraini judicial authorities nullified the convictions and ordered retrials in civilian court. 10318: 9968: 9943: 9521: 9371: 9355: 8854: 8734: 8635: 8603: 8562: 8488: 8410: 8277: 8192: 8172: 8047: 7784: 7705: 7608: 6619: 5296: 4018:"Bahraini human rights defender Abdul-Hadi al-Khawaja turns 60 on his 10th anniversary in prison" 3618:"Bahrain protests: After crushed protests, Bahrain is accused of increased oppression of Shiites" 3502: 2669: 1997:(IAA). The new filtering has had a noticeable impact in internet access speeds for all traffic. 1449: 1309: 1090:

serving on civic boards, prompting criticism and calls for their repeal to restore civil rights.

1031: 587: 394: 301: 75: 8780: 6846:"Bahrain: Police Beat, Threaten Children, Parents, Lawyers Barred from Interrogations, Hearings" 6150: 5716: 5711: 5459:"Bahrain News Agency – Al-Wasat Board of Directors Sacks Al-Jamri And Appoints Abidli Al-Abidli" 1348:

constituency in sectarian terms: Sectarianism does not play a role in many of the ‘arty’ clubs.

10033: 9865: 9697: 8696: 8670: 8623: 8515: 8458: 8322: 8257: 8222: 8157: 8137: 8127: 8087: 8072: 8067: 7650: 7638: 7603: 7598: 7586: 7525: 3120:"لجنة القضاء على التمييز العنصري في مراجعتها تنتقد قصور البحرين في قضايا حقوق الإنسان الرئيسية" 2504:

and the Foreign Ministry jointly organised a workshop in Manama, bringing in NHRI experts from

2262: 1223:

and called upon Congress to take a stronger stance against human rights violations in Bahrain.

1001: 365: 7424: 7066: 6283: 6212: 5390: 4702:"Shiite clerics threatened with 'legal action' over appeal for commutation of death sentences" 1500:

of any person who involved in helping a hostile state or causing harm to the interests of the

962:, the two activists who were alleged of being sexually assaulted by the Bahraini authorities. 10434: 9938: 8844: 8363: 8282: 8242: 8217: 8197: 8132: 8107: 8097: 8082: 7949: 7769: 7667: 7660: 7633: 7623: 7537: 7413: 6084: 5445: 4579:"Detention of Sheikh Hasan Isa Renewed for 15 more Days Despite Conclusion of Investigations" 3374:"Bethany Breeze "A silent apartheid in Bahrain," April 1, 2011, University of Idaho Argonaut" 2880: 2847: 2521: 2180: 1993:

In January 2009, Bahrain has started blocking a vastly increased number of sites through the

1823: 1563: 1543: 1469: 1430:

Since the 2011 uprising, many Bahrainis have repeatedly protested against the hosting of the

1395: 1258: 1243: 1020: 498: 409: 7209:"Bahrain: National human rights institution bolstered by appointment of prominent activists" 6223: 5060: 3729:"Deep division in Bahrain raises echoes of apartheid | Editorial | Eugene, Oregon" 2121:

who do not observe Ramadan. Additionally, the Ministry of Information orders the closure of

886:

said the apartheid practiced against the Shia by the government appeared to be "worsening."

10118: 9228: 8867: 8765: 8724: 8608: 8525: 8202: 8167: 8122: 8117: 8026: 7974: 7959: 7774: 7613: 7559: 7542: 2477:, which documents the systematic oppressions of Shia Muslims by the government of Bahrain. 1247: 1024: 982: 224: 215: 5441: 4364:"Bahraini Activists Hacked with Pegasus Just Days after a Report Confirming Other Victims" 8: 10163: 10003: 9988: 8872: 8815: 8790: 8775: 8655: 8650: 8586: 8572: 8332: 8003: 7459: 6518: 6032: 5854: 5785: 5425: 4519:"Sheikh Hasan Isa is innocent, measures taken against him violate national and int'l law" 2122: 1945: 1917: 1486: 997: 659:), who are Shias, also face similar prejudices simply due to their religious background. 42: 33: 6699: 5997: 5715: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the 5409: 2774:"Bahrain News Agency – HM King Hamad Sets up Royal Independent Investigation commission" 2385:

while causing 'irreparable damage' to the environment by participating in the Saudi-led

1766:

On 20 July 2024, two people were arrested and stopped on claims of religious blasphemy.

631:

According to reports from 2013 and 2016 Bahrainis of an Iranian descent (Like Bushehri

10454: 10439: 10213: 8905: 8898: 8810: 8760: 8748: 8719: 8684: 8598: 8567: 8547: 8445: 8437: 7870: 7253: 6590:"Bahrain Prevents Shia from Performing Largest Friday Prayer for 57th Consecutive Week" 6522: 6506: 5429: 5413: 4096:"Political prisoners in Bahrain face COVID outbreak, violence, while Canada looks away" 3758:

Irshad Manji says "Sunni Muslim minorities control the Shia majorities", Irshad Manji,

3554: 2687: 2639: 2419: 2277: 2246: 2226: 2013: 1975: 1839: 1787: 1626: 1555: 1539: 1517: 1493: 1435: 1078: 1065: 905: 883: 789: 697: 573: 566: 560: 487: 414: 124: 3030:"'We won': Hakeem Al-Araibi set to walk free after Thai court drops extradition order" 2467:, in April 2011 which detailed the government's persecution of medical professionals. 10371: 10193: 10173: 10168: 10158: 10153: 9978: 9566: 9471: 8805: 8387: 7357: 6718: 6271: 6247: 5871: 5098: 4441:"US-UK-Bahrain relations – when political calculations matter more than human rights" 3919: 3916:

Routine abuse, routine denial : civil rights and the political crisis in Bahrain

3898: 3227: 2886: 2853: 2540: 2470: 2415: 1933: 1929: 1718: 1702:

In 2016, a Bahraini court sentenced Ibrahim Sharif, a founding member of the secular

1586: 1051: 1043: 804: 779: 676: 355: 4799:"Physicians for Human Rights - Emergency Report Decries Bahrain Human Rights Abuses" 3122:[CERD Review Criticizes Bahrain’s Shortcomings on Key Human Rights Issues]. 1986:(liberal opposition political society), the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights and the 1706:(Waed) party, to one year in prison on the charge of “inciting hatred” for making a 565:

Despite repeated government claims of improvement over the course of several years,

10480: 10429: 10248: 10238: 10198: 8914: 8839: 8827: 8795: 8785: 8510: 6353: 6318: 5783:[One year imprisonment for a defendant who posted tweets insulting Islam]. 4859:"Bahrain: Human rights defender at risk of blindness due to denial of medical care" 3839: 2560: 2513: 1909: 1457: 959: 864: 844: 816: 610:

with his wife for their honeymoon. The footballer, who was given refugee status by

603: 502: 95: 7473: 6224:

Journalists’ Leaders Condemn Attack on Independent Newspaper and Editor in Bahrain

5182:"SPORTSWASHING: THE GULF COUNTRIES' STRATEGY TO MASK ABYSMAL HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS" 3709:

Nicholas Kristof, "Is This Apartheid in Bahrain?" New York Times, 22 February 2011

3673:

Saeed Shahabihas called for an end to the "sectarian apartheid" system in Bahrain.

1445: 10449: 10138: 10133: 9993: 8770: 8640: 7779: 7393: 7381: 7369: 7073: 7042: 6999: 6897: 6777: 6745: 6725: 6706: 6572: 6541: 6472: 6456: 6437: 6392: 6373: 6341: 6303: 6230: 6187: 6159: 6085:"«الجرائم الإلكترونية»: استدعاء وتوقيف شخصين قاما ببث منشورات تتضمن إساءات دينية" 5397: 5378: 5142: 5139: 5120: 5067: 5048: 5045: 5026: 4815: 3561: 3498: 3283: 2924: 1924:. The paper is broadly sympathetic to the Shia Islamist opposition, particularly 1614: 1313: 1160: 949: 536: 389: 102: 7125:"Bahrain accused of Cop26 'greenwashing' as it continues Saudi-led war in Yemen" 6354:

Reporters Without Borders denounces press freedom threat in website registration

3248: 3085: 3054:[Sunni Ajams in Khaleej/Gulf (GCC) did not face ethnic discrimination]. 2465:

Do No Harm: A Call for Bahrain to End Systematic Attacks on Doctors and Patients

1472:

claimed that the election was held in an "environment of political repression".

1189:

Do No Harm: A Call for Bahrain to End Systematic Attacks on Doctors and Patients

579:

In 2011, Human Rights Watch claimed to have found evidence that protections for

10356: 10233: 10223: 8919: 8729: 8701: 8498: 7453: 6894:"A child goes on hunger strike in Bahrain prisons against his arbitrary arrest" 6804:"British mum jailed in Bahrain after 'violent husband accused her of adultery'" 6486:"Bahreïn: un photojournaliste condamné à 10 ans de prison – Moyen-Orient – RFI" 3745:"Bahrain: Assault on girls' school in Hamad by security forces, April 23, 201, 3404: 3003: 2532:, the Jurists Society and the Association of Public Freedoms and Human Rights. 2398: 2374: 2281: 2191: 1936:

is seen as solidly pro-government, with its proprietor an advisor to the King.

1692: 1453: 1420: 1199: 1035: 1016: 970: 954: 839: 800: 727: 540: 432: 7431:"Freeing the Arab Media from State Control: The state of the Press in Bahrain" 6868:"Rights groups say Bahrain police beat children and threatened them with rape" 5546:"Foreign Secretary urged to intervene to stop execution of Bahraini activists" 4913:"Bahrain: Release unjustly jailed ailing prisoner after year of hunger strike" 3418:""Bahraini Despot Wages Demographic War", February 17, 2009, Voice of Bahrain" 1015:(EEAS). The MEPs mentioned the situation of the imprisoned opposition leader, 10534: 10228: 10178: 10143: 10128: 10123: 9983: 8381: 7742: 7344:

This, however, falls more into the category of Article 309 of the penal code.

6761: 5019: 4732:"Bahrain al-Wefaq marks 100 weeks since start of Friday Prayers ban in Diraz" 4184:"Spyware, hunger strikes, and alleged coups: A summer of suppression in MENA" 2411: 1707: 1649: 1602: 1598: 1590: 1008: 966: 893: 830: 636: 532: 7229: 7099:"US State Department Releases 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report on Bahrain" 6213:

Minister criticised for lavishing 'undue praise', Gulf News, January 3, 2006

5922:"Bahraini journalist Faisal Hayyat detained over tweet about religion | RSF" 5442:

Bahrain: Amnesty International welcomes the release of Abdul Hadi al-Khawaja

10188: 10148: 10048: 8800: 6945:

Bahrain, Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights Worldwide Report

6565: 6449: 6430: 6385: 6334: 5268: 3894: 3529: 3460: 3174:[To Ismail Akbari... Be proud of your Persianness and don't care]. 3171: 2449: 2378: 1968: 1964: 1606: 1415: 901: 871: 848: 763: 743: 6450:

Ahead of elections: Bahrain govt threatens website owners with prosecution

5458: 2355:

An ICFTU Annual Report 2006 found that "Foreign workers harshly treated":

10183: 9877: 9834: 8391: 7860: 7512: 4110:"Bahraini prisoners allege brutal crackdown in response to Covid protest" 3843: 3468: 3274: 2130: 1982:

to block several websites that violated the ban, include the websites of

1886: 1822:

party (Wa'ad) was banned on terrorism charges. The ban was criticised by

1497: 1431: 1424: 569:

claims that "torture is a regular part of the legal process in Bahrain."

494: 63: 58: 6319:

Authorities block access to influential blog covering Bandargate scandal

5892:"Bahrain opposition figure sentenced for tweet insulting Sudan's Bashir" 5264:"Saudi prince's Al-Arab news channel goes off air hours after launching" 4389:"'Most harmful thing' – how spyware is stifling human rights in Bahrain" 4284: 4070:"Bahrain Arrests Families of Political Prisoners Over Peaceful Protests" 4043: 3351: 2327:

In response to the government's labour reforms, Bahrain's Crown Prince,

1858:

subsidisation of ‘new converts’ from Shia Islamic sect to the Sunni sect

675:

of the citizen population of Bahrain are Shia Muslims. The ruling Sunni

10243: 10218: 8832: 7995: 6636:"Bahrain: Jail for those eating in public during Ramadan fasting hours" 6138: 5061:

Signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4938: 4337:"Government tolerates human rights abuses for trade with Bahrain – SNP" 2156: 2152: 2118: 2114: 2043: 1925: 1745: 1407: 1328: 1297: 973:

to press the Bahraini government to end human right abuses including, “

795:

On 27 September 2017, Bahraini authorities attacked and took down many

640: 399: 2773: 7875: 1301: 879: 685: 611: 5156:"Bahraini political prisoners appeal to Lewis Hamilton for his help" 4964:"Bahrain Court Hands Down Harsh Sentences to Doctors and Protesters" 2956:"Bahrain: Use of death penalty and torture on the rise, says report" 1725:

In October 2020, an unidentified female Bahraini citizen who mocked

10023: 8960: 8402: 7452:, the vice-chairman of the Parliamentary Human Rights Group in the 7067:

Campaign to ensure implementation of break rule in Bahrain launched

5961:"Bahrain: Quash Religious Freedom Convictions | Human Rights Watch" 4642:"Al Khalifa regime arrest Shiite cleric Sayed Mohieldin Al-Mashaal" 4361: 4136:"Bahrain continues policy of deliberate medical neglect at prisons" 3718:

Euronews, "Bahrain: A Country Divided", 21 February 2011, Euronews.

3119: 2184: 2165: 1913: 1749: 1251: 913: 750: 607: 6961:

Brutal Suppression of Workers’ Rights Detailed in Worldwide Report

6789: 6386:

Bahraini Authorities Block Access to Google Earth and Google Video

5858:. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 4549:"Al Wefaq: Sheikh Hasan Isa is facing reprisal not a real lawsuit" 2882:

World Migration 2005 Costs and Benefits of International Migration

2717: 1774: 8433: 7789: 3828:

International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice

3819:

International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice

2509: 2430:, which inaugurated a new professorship to honor Bahrain's King. 2102: 1783: 1730: 1696: 1635: 1610: 1501: 1179:

Protesters at the Pearl Roundabout just before it was demolished.

993: 978: 917: 656: 479: 7195:"Bahrain revokes Human Rights Watch parliament conference visas" 7150: 4310: 2096: 1219:, at a hearing on Bahrain. He reported the abuses documented by 10470: 8453: 7752: 6409: 6192: 5666: 5071:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

3858:"Bahrain Tells UN About Hezbollah's Efforts to Topple Monarchy" 3534:"Bahraini parliament moves to segregate migrants from citizens" 2505: 2169: 1726: 1618: 1461: 796: 655:

Similarly, it is reported (in 2016) that the native Bahrainis (

526: 3830:, 2157–6475, Volume 35, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 19 – 37. 2885:. International Organization for Migration. 2005. p. 53. 2753:"Bahrain stages trials of opponents, despite new US criticism" 2739:

Human rights organizations criticize rampant abuses in Bahrain

1308:), elected by universal suffrage, and the upper chamber, the ( 981:, cruel and degrading treatment of prisoners, restrictions on 501:

are common in Bahrain. The crackdown on protesters during the

7908: 6030:[Asian arrested for posting tweets insulting Islam]. 5842: 3760:

The trouble with Islam: a wake-up call for honesty and change

2750: 2525: 2394: 2126: 2076: 1741: 1685: 1578:. Violators will face a fine and jail term up to five years. 1575: 720: 680: 7442:, Arab Press Freedom Watch Third Annual Conference, May 2004 6790:

Women in Bahrain and the Struggle Against Artificial Reforms

3992:"Bahrain: Prominent Activist Nabeel Rajab Freed from Prison" 3877:"Bahrain Accuses Hizbullah of Provoking Its Domestic Unrest" 3575:"Bahraini Security Authorities Attack Ashura Manifestations" 1971:. Recently they have blocked the popular site anonymous.com 1050:

It was revealed in February 2022 that Bahrain used Israel's

7374: 3967:"Bahrain must stop discriminating against Shias: Tillerson" 3937:"Bahrain must stop discriminating against Shias: Tillerson" 2806: 2804: 2324:

where strikes can be held in Bahrain were too restrictive.

2050: 1740:

On May 23, the MOI Anti-Cyber Crime Directorate arrested a

644: 632: 548: 7311:"Bahrain acts once again to suppress freedom of the press" 7287: 6507:

Bahraini rallyists 'often do not know' purpose of protests

5256: 4846:

Bahrain campaign to humiliate Shiites goes beyond politics

4672:"Bahraini opposition leader's daughter denied citizenship" 3893:"Crackdown on Shi'ites hurts Bahrain trade" 20 June 1996, 3124:منظمة أمريكيون من أجل الديمقراطية وحقوق الانسان في البحرين 2908:, United Nations Commission for Human Rights, 21 June 2005 2790: 1270:

A security court handed down what have been described as "

749:

Sadiq Rahma, technical committee head, who is a member of

7420:

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions: Bahrain

6671:"Closure of bars for flouting Ramadan rule sparks debate" 5410:

Bahrain: Activist Jailed After Criticizing Prime Minister

4044:"Bahrain: Torture is the Policy and Impunity is the Norm" 2978:"Bahraini footballer pleads in court against deportation" 2810: 1855:

internet forums and websites that foment sectarian hatred

2801: 1691:

In March 2015 the Lebanese feminist poet and journalist

1496:

annual report 2016, Bahraini authorities can revoke the

679:, who were supported by the US, arrived in Bahrain from 7386: 6980:

Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights, 2006

6335:

Onslaught on freedom of expression in Bahrain continues

2791:"BICI | Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry" 2175:

In response to sweeping poll victories by Islamists in

1304:

legislature with the lower chamber of parliament, the (

1098:

In 2010 the Al-Wafa Islamic Movement, Haq Movement and

7970:

Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel

6612: 5648:"Bahrain: 4 Arrested Over Tweets | Human Rights Watch" 5238:"Bahrain holds election without opposition candidates" 4467:"Bahrain: Death Sentences Follow Torture, Sham Trials" 3312:"Bahrain emerging as flashpoint in Middle East unrest" 3250:

Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World

2475:

Shia Target of Inhumane Treatment: Bahrain Report 2011

1880: 723:, where only the Sunni Muslims are permitted to live. 493:

The government of Bahrain has marginalized the native

7448:, Proceeding of a seminar held under the auspices of 7404:

International Freedom of Expression Exchange: Bahrain

7103:

Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain

5822:"BAHRAIN 2021 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT" 4907: 4905: 4885:"BAHRAIN: HUNGER-STRIKING ACADEMIC DENIED MEDICATION" 4289:

Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain

3004:"Hakeem al-Araibi: Thailand frees refugee footballer" 6248:"ليبراليو البحرين يتهمون الحكومة بمحاباة الاسلاميين" 5998:"Bahrain jails men over YouTube discussion of Islam" 5781:"الحبس سنة لمتهمة نشرت تغريدات مسيئة للدين الإسلامي" 5426:

Bahrain: King Should Reject Law on Public Gatherings

4762:"Security Forces in Bahrain Open Fire on Protesters" 3442:

commentator and political analyst and member of the

2483: 2028:, in its study of civil society in Bahrain in 2006, 1574:, Bahrain banned any expression of sympathy towards 1527:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1380:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1284:

In January 2012, Richard Sollom, deputy director of

597: 7503: 7176: 6132: 5575:

Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain

4158:"Profile in Persecution: Mustafa AbdulKarim Khatam" 4074:

Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain

2381:", as the regime promoted its green credentials at 1634:On 6th of March 2023, Ebrahim Al-Mannai posted on 1148: 810: 6459:, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, 2 November 2006 6344:, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, 30 October 2006 6162:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2012 5521:"Qatar sympathisers in Bahrain to face fine, jail" 4902: 4788:, By Roy Gutman, McClatchy Newspapers, 11 May 2011 4493:"Bahrain: Political Isolation Laws Ban Opposition" 3524: 3522: 3520: 3455: 3453: 3451: 1902:representing a broad section of opinion. In 2002, 7045:, International Labour Organization, 11 June 2007 6920:"Bahrain: Boys Arbitrarily Detained in Orphanage" 6440:, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, 5 October 2006 5775: 5773: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 4606: 4604: 4415:"Universal Periodic Review Submission on Bahrain" 3467:. Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. Archived from 3350:. Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. Archived from 2083: 1250:was being denied medical treatment for suspected 626: 10532: 7414:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2005 6984:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 6965:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 6949:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 6395:, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, 8 August 2006 4848:, By Caryle Murphy / csmonitor.com / 7 June 2011 3155:History of South Fars/Persia Laristan and Bastak 3052:"العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا" 2502:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 2288:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions 1265: 1207:In May 2011, Richard Sollom, deputy director of 1093: 535:people, known as Bedoon, who are descendants of 8962:Internet censorship and surveillance by country 6801: 6719:In the Gulf, women are not women’s best friends 3684:"Arabian Spring: The Hidden Tragedy of Bahrain" 3517: 3448: 3309: 3172:"إلى إسماعيل أكبري... افتخر بعجميّتك ولا تبالي" 1004:and independent journalists without condition. 486:s record on human rights has been described by 6833:Women The Latest Target Of Bahrain's Crackdown 6802:Campbell, By Scott; Updated (6 January 2017). 6028:"حبس آسيوي لنشره تغريدات مسيئة للدين الإسلامي" 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5770: 5723: 4764:. The New York Times Company. 18 February 2011 4601: 3058:(in Arabic). 15 September 2013. Archived from 2811:Kristian Coates Ulrichsen (23 November 2011). 2751:The Christian Science Monitor (20 June 2011). 2211: 1246:reported that Bahraini human rights defender, 803:, the grandson of Muhammad, was killed in the 9850: 8946: 8418: 8011: 7489: 6975: 6973: 6246:Limited, Elaph Publishing (29 October 2005). 6239: 5085:. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015 4982:"Bahrain Orders Retrials for Medical Workers" 4841: 4839: 4257:"Letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken" 3483: 3303: 3267: 2785: 2783: 2496:, the Government announced plans to create a 2389:. In a joint letter sent to the crown prince 2097:Public Restrictions During Religious Holidays 1291: 459: 5622:"Bahrain: Free Leading Opposition Activists" 4786:Bahrain's Sunni rulers target Shiite mosques 3905:, New York, Human Rights Watch, 1997, p. 40. 3612: 3610: 3528: 3489: 3459: 2070:International Freedom of Expression Exchange 1654:Blasphemy is considered a crime in Bahrain. 1621:, and urged the regime to release Mushaima. 1113: 916:pandemic. According to the report issued by 7825:Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 6732:, 20 June 2005 (republished by Yale Global) 6709:The Wire, Amnesty International, March 2002 6144: 5805: 3855: 3273: 2852:. Eric Andrew McCoy. 2008. pp. 47–48. 2671:World Report 2021: Rights Trends in Bahrain 1849:a secret intelligence cell spying on Shi’as 1042:, SNP’s Westminster human rights spokesman 691: 9864: 9857: 9843: 8953: 8939: 8425: 8411: 8018: 8004: 7496: 7482: 6970: 6370:Google Earth spurs Bahraini equality drive 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4836: 4816:"Physicians for Human Rights - Do No Harm" 3256:. Princeton University Press. p. 24. 2780: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2251:Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy 2231:Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy 1828:Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy 1203:Bahraini protesters shot by military, 2011 1083:Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy 969:senators called on the Secretary of State 819:, former editor of the Bahraini newspaper 592:Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy 466: 452: 10400:(International figures appointed by King) 10397:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry 10327: 7965:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries 7446:Bahrain: Five years of lost opportunities 6577:Arab Network for Human Rights Information 4781: 4779: 3607: 2918:Bahrain ended issue of systematic torture 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2377:politicians accused Bahrain of "textbook 2125:during the month, particularly targeting 2066:Arab Network for Human Rights Information 1988:Arab Network for Human Rights Information 1801: 1232:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry 936:least 60%of the 255 political prisoners. 510:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry 8025: 7985:Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine 6297:World Press Freedom Review 2005: Bahrain 6180: 5244:. Agence France-Presse. 12 November 2022 3874: 3868: 3555:Naturalised Bahrainis face death threats 3117: 2768: 2766: 2520:appointments were initially welcomed by 2404: 2331:, was invited as guest of honour to the 1893: 1773: 1234:was established on 29 June 2011 by King 1198: 1174: 1140: 1019:, and prominent opposition activist Dr. 602:In November 2018, a Bahraini footballer 512:was established on 29 June 2011 by King 7851:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 7817: 6245: 6234:International Federation of Journalists 5006: 3703: 3643: 3641: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 1950:International Federation of Journalists 1585:In January 2021, three deputies of the 14: 10533: 7711:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 7409:National Democratic Institute: Bahrain 7177:"Through evidence, change is possible" 6665: 6663: 6661: 6630: 6628: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5838:from the original on 6 September 2024. 4810: 4808: 4776: 3849: 3676: 3366: 3246: 3240: 3232:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2597: 2450:Haq Movement for Liberty and Democracy 2446:Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights 2055:Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights 1865: 1815:have been closed or ordered to close. 1811:, Bahrain Centre for Human Rights and 1790:in August 2009. Bahrain was placed on 1769: 1601:questioned the Irish Foreign Minister 9838: 8934: 8406: 7999: 7477: 6814:from the original on 7 September 2024 6681:from the original on 7 September 2024 6646:from the original on 7 September 2024 6258:from the original on 12 December 2022 6040:from the original on 6 September 2024 6008:from the original on 6 September 2024 5967:from the original on 6 September 2024 5902:from the original on 6 September 2024 5758:from the original on 6 September 2024 5473:"Bahrain: Activist's Family Targeted" 3908: 3762:, Random House Digital, 2003, p. 221. 3495:"'No go' rule for bachelor labourers" 3182:from the original on 2 September 2019 3166: 3164: 3113: 3111: 3083: 3079: 3077: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2763: 2136: 2129:that fail to comply with the alcohol 1475: 1306:Council of Representatives of Bahrain 746:or to rape children and housemaids". 10513: 10059:Nationalist Democratic Rally Society 8432: 6519:Bahrain: Investigate Police Beatings 5276:from the original on 3 February 2015 5133:Bahrain urged to ratify Rome Statute 5118:Bahrain urged to ratify Rome Statute 3926:, New York, Human Rights Watch, 1997 3823:John Jay College of Criminal Justice 3638: 3331: 3310:Raymond Barrett (15 February 2011). 3263:from the original on 3 January 2007. 3148: 3130:from the original on 27 January 2023 3118:الإعلامي, الطاقم (2 December 2022). 2927:, Arabic News.com, 29 September 2005 2663: 2661: 2433: 2003: 1794:' list of Internet Enemies in 2012. 1532: 1360:apartments for that purpose in 2001. 1023:, along with two European citizens, 8484:Administrative reforms of the 1920s 7733:Human right to water and sanitation 7464:United Nations Human Rights Council 7308: 7057:, Gulf Daily News, 27 February 2007 6848:. Human Rights Watch. 10 March 2021 6658: 6625: 5979: 5944: 5793:from the original on 11 August 2022 4805: 4754: 3875:Queenann, Gavriel (27 April 2011). 3410: 3096:from the original on 10 August 2024 2823: 2457:Migrant Workers' Protection Society 2143:Women's political rights in Bahrain 1881:Destruction of religious facilities 1748:were responsible for the spread of 1108:Bahraini Council of Representatives 586:According to a report published by 520: 24: 10405:Human Price of Freedom and Justice 10054:National Democratic Action Society 7387:Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society 7086:New union for construction workers 7024:Voice for workers, Gulf Daily News 6792:, Ghada Jamsheer, 18 December 2006 5932:from the original on 14 April 2024 5699:from the original on 28 April 2019 4555:. 9 September 2015. Archived from 3161: 3108: 3074: 2866: 2576:Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society 2530:Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society 2492:of its human rights record at the 2338: 2329:Sheikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa 1820:National Democratic Action Society 1813:Bahrain Youth Human Rights Society 1704:National Democratic Action Society 1468:them being banned from competing. 1213:Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission 990:US Senate Appropriations Committee 766:, then BCHR vice president, said: 650: 25: 10552: 7351: 7055:Wage row workers in protest march 6095:from the original on 26 July 2024 4585:. 28 October 2015. Archived from 3279:"Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide" 2658: 2581:Human rights in Islamic countries 2498:national human rights institution 2484:National human rights institution 2333:International Labour Organization 2321:International Labour Organization 2064:In a report issued in 2006, the " 1912:, the son of Bahrain's spiritual 1643: 598:Hakeem al-Araibi held in Thailand 10512: 10501: 10500: 10352:Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri 9922: 8386: 8377: 8376: 7866:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights 7856:Defenders of Human Rights Center 7830:Arab Commission for Human Rights 7425:Arab Human Rights Index: Bahrain 7338: 7302: 7272: 7236: 7222: 7201: 7187: 7169: 7143: 7117: 7091: 7079: 7060: 7048: 7029: 7017: 7005: 6989: 6954: 6938: 6912: 6896:. 10 August 2021. Archived from 6886: 6860: 6838: 6826: 6795: 6783: 6767: 6751: 6735: 6712: 6693: 6582: 6559: 6547: 6528: 6512: 6500: 6478: 6469:Banned 'blogs' face legal action 6462: 6443: 6424: 6398: 6379: 6363: 6347: 6328: 6312: 6290: 6217: 6206: 6181:McKernan, Bethan (3 June 2017). 6174: 6165: 6107: 6077: 6052: 6020: 5914: 5884: 5710: 5654:from the original on 24 May 2024 5640: 5614: 5589: 5563: 5538: 5512: 5491: 5465: 5451: 5435: 5419: 5403: 5384: 5365: 5339: 5313: 5288: 5230: 5204: 5174: 5148: 5126: 5111: 5075: 5054: 5032: 4992: 4974: 4956: 4708:. Shiitenews.com. Archived from 4678:. Shiitenews.com. Archived from 4648:. 17 August 2017. Archived from 4618:. 22 August 2017. Archived from 4525:. 24 August 2015. Archived from 3821:, Professor Staci Strobl of the 3400:Arabia Through the Looking Glass 2113:, particularly for non-Muslims, 2075:Since June 2016, the village of 1507: 1155:Bahraini uprising (2011–present) 1149:Bahraini uprising (2011–present) 1060:appears on the leaked database. 1013:European External Action Service 891:United States Secretary of State 867:, the Foreign Minister of Iran. 811:Criticism of Bahraini government 426: 286: 285: 57: 41: 7505:Human rights in the Middle East 7375:Bahrain Centre for Human Rights 7088:, Gulf Daily News, 28 July 2007 7014:, Gulf Daily News, 11 June 2007 5518: 5381:, Gulf Daily News, 8 April 2007 5039:MPs refuse to ratify rights law 4931: 4877: 4851: 4822: 4791: 4724: 4694: 4664: 4634: 4571: 4541: 4511: 4485: 4459: 4433: 4407: 4381: 4355: 4329: 4303: 4277: 4249: 4223: 4198: 4176: 4150: 4128: 4102: 4088: 4062: 4036: 4010: 3984: 3959: 3929: 3887: 3833: 3811: 3801:"Bahrain: The Missing 'A' Word" 3793: 3784: 3775: 3765: 3752: 3739: 3721: 3712: 3694: 3667: 3628: 3597: 3567: 3548: 3436: 3392: 3194: 3142: 3044: 3022: 2996: 2970: 2948: 2930: 2911: 2899: 2566:Bahrain Centre for Human Rights 2368: 2220: 1325:Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah 900:Bahraini human rights defender 713:Bahrain Centre for Human Rights 662: 64:Member State of the Arab League 10064:Progressive Democratic Tribune 8474:History of Bahrain (1783–1971) 8344:British Indian Ocean Territory 7980:Sahrawi Association of Victims 7696:Arbitrary arrest and detention 7363:Amnesty International: Bahrain 6996:Union law 'out of global step' 6556:, Gulf Daily News, 14 May 2007 5391:Bahrain's media under scrutiny 3157:] (1 ed.). p. 7. 3151:تاریخ جنوب فارس لارستان و بستک 2744: 2732: 2706: 2586:List of Bahrain-related topics 2414:maintains a relationship with 2256: 2084:Apostasy and changing religion 1872:Freedom of religion in Bahrain 1861:payments for election rigging. 1679: 627:Racism against ethnic Iranians 572:According to a 2011 report by 531:There is a growing problem of 18:Internet censorship in Bahrain 13: 1: 10487:Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark 10271:Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa 9376: 6835:by Kelly McEvers, 31 May 2011 6544:Gulf Daily News, 28 July 2007 6488:(in French). 1 September 2014 6308:International Press Institute 5597:"Departmental Correspondence" 3856:Bill Varner (26 April 2011). 3317:The Christian Science Monitor 3056:مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث 2757:The Christian Science Monitor 2591: 2401:and protect the environment. 2319:A visiting delegate from the 2181:Amnesty International Bahrain 2026:European University Institute 2024:Despite this prediction, the 1995:Information Affairs Authority 1833: 1523:King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 1366:European University Institute 1337:European University Institute 1312:), appointed directly by the 1266:Conviction of medical workers 1215:, a bipartisan caucus of the 1094:Calls for an election boycott 1063:On 5 April 2022, a report by 730:, a London-based journalist, 705:The Christian Science Monitor 7846:Kurdish Human Rights Project 6618:Article 2, Section 1 of the 6554:Action against rioting urged 6535:Peace camp a hit in villages 3032:. SBS News. 11 February 2019 2813:"Bahrain's uncertain future" 2571:Bahrain Human Rights Society 2441:Bahrain Human Rights Society 1809:Bahrain Human Rights Society 1572:2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis 1102:called for a boycott of the 940:human rights organizations. 7: 10314:Destruction of Shia mosques 10283:Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa 10277:Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa 10085:Shabeeba Society of Bahrain 10080:February 14 Youth Coalition 9949:March of loyalty to martyrs 7955:Humanitarian crisis in Gaza 7358:Human Rights Watch: Bahrain 7181:Physicians for Human Rights 7012:ILO honour for Crown Prince 6742:Women fight to keep freedom 6700:New Dawn for Bahraini Women 5372:Bahrain Press one of freest 5295:"Bahrain: Events of 2015". 3564:, Gulf News, 11 August 2006 2938:"Bahrain's torture problem" 2668:"Bahrain: Events of 2020". 2554: 2391:Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa 2236:2011 pro-democracy uprising 2212:Women in the 2011 crackdown 1699:and target Islamic values. 1286:Physicians for Human Rights 1279:Physicians for Human Rights 1221:Physicians for Human Rights 1217:US House of Representatives 1209:Physicians for Human Rights 1193:Physicians for Human Rights 1184:Physicians for Human Rights 329:Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa 323:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 146:Minister of Foreign Affairs 138:Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa 10: 10557: 7795:Women's suffrage, timeline 7245:World Report 2011: Bahrain 5400:, Gulf News, 29 March 2007 3090:مركز البحرين لحقوق الإنسان 2631:World Report 2011: Bahrain 2424:University of Huddersfield 2275: 2260: 2155:. In 2002 the decision by 2140: 1984:National Democratic Action 1869: 1837: 1778:A Bahraini website blocked 1647: 1292:Civil and political rights 1191:, released in April 2011, 1158: 1152: 695: 558: 554: 524: 198:Council of Representatives 10496: 10463: 10425:1990s uprising in Bahrain 10415: 10384: 10296: 10257: 10206: 10112: 10097: 10072: 10041: 10017: 10002: 9959:Bahrain national dialogue 9931: 9920: 9886: 9872: 9801: 9575: 9364: 9196: 8968: 8892: 8853: 8756: 8747: 8692: 8683: 8594: 8585: 8533: 8524: 8444: 8372: 8331: 8291: 8033: 7942: 7921: 7838: 7808: 7683: 7511: 7468:Universal Periodic Review 7076:, Gulf News, 17 July 2007 7072:29 September 2007 at the 7041:30 September 2007 at the 6358:Reporters Without Borders 6340:27 September 2007 at the 6323:Reporters Without Borders 6302:26 September 2007 at the 6229:30 September 2007 at the 5876:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5831:: 1, 3, 5, 11, 12. 2021. 5693:Freedom of Thought Report 5103:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5066:26 September 2007 at the 5025:27 September 2007 at the 3733:special.registerguard.com 2923:27 September 2007 at the 2741:, jurist.org 8 April 2011 2490:Universal Periodic Review 1920:and the spokesman of the 1792:Reporters Without Borders 1624:On 13 December 2021, the 1114:Silencing of Shia clerics 870:In 1996 the UK newspaper 667: 621: 302:Administrative divisions 270:(National Action Charter) 10476:Bahrain American Council 10265:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 10029:Bahrain Freedom Movement 9006:Central African Republic 8538:Administrative divisions 8494:National Union Committee 8093:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 7416:, US Department of State 7331: 6622: (2002 (rev. 2017)) 5829:U.S. Department of State 5601:Houses of the Oireachtas 5396:26 November 2007 at the 3444:Bahrain Freedom Movement 3247:Nakash, Yitzhak (2006). 2373:On 4 November 2021, the 2271: 2245:On 7 February 2022, the 1922:Bahrain Freedom Movement 1885:In the wake of the 2011 1236:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 1100:Bahrain Freedom Movement 1077:On 10 October 2022, the 1030:On 14 January 2022, the 835:Bahrain Freedom Movement 692:Sectarian discrimination 514:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 497:population. Torture and 109:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 10541:Human rights in Bahrain 10445:Human rights in Bahrain 10319:2011 Bahrain Grand Prix 10304:International reactions 9492:Palestinian territories 8354:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7706:Crimes against humanity 6774:Activist on Forbes list 6620:Constitution of Bahrain 6571:29 October 2018 at the 6540:26 October 2007 at the 5377:29 October 2007 at the 5138:28 October 2007 at the 3560:8 November 2006 at the 2494:UN Human Rights Council 1782:Internet censorship in 1423:to use his position as 1211:, testified before the 1032:Scottish National Party 859:, Ben Cohen, Professor 10337:Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima 10034:Islamic Action Society 9866:2011 Bahraini uprising 9662:YouTube video blocking 9613:Bosnia and Herzegovina 7399:Redress Trust: Bahrain 6455:8 January 2009 at the 6139:"ONI Country Profiles" 4186:. IFEX. 10 August 2021 3084:abbas (9 April 2016). 2362: 2317: 2308: 2263:LGBT rights in Bahrain 2205: 2201:High Council for Women 2039: 2022: 1900:eight daily newspapers 1802:Freedom of Association 1779: 1450:Jean-Chistophe Lagarde 1404: 1375: 1362: 1204: 1180: 1173: 1002:human rights activists 775: 760: 733:On 28 April 2007, the 339:Diplomatic missions of 10435:Corruption in Bahrain 10367:Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan 8027:Human rights in Asia 7950:Collective punishment 7770:Right to a fair trial 7392:14 April 2021 at the 7368:29 April 2011 at the 7216:Amnesty International 6705:18 March 2007 at the 6436:10 March 2007 at the 6158:23 March 2012 at the 5446:Amnesty International 4917:Amnesty International 4889:Amnesty International 4863:Amnesty International 3407:Picador, 1987, p. 47. 2522:Amnesty International 2405:Academic whitewashing 2357: 2312: 2292: 2276:Further information: 2196: 2034: 2018: 1894:Media and publication 1824:Amnesty International 1777: 1564:Amnesty international 1544:Amnesty International 1470:Amnesty International 1413:On 25 November 2020, 1400: 1396:Amnesty International 1370: 1345: 1259:Abduljalil al-Singace 1244:Amnesty International 1242:On 1 April 2022, the 1202: 1178: 1168: 1141:Ban on Friday prayers 1021:Abduljalil Al-Singace 988:In October 2021, the 768: 755: 499:forced disappearances 10119:Abdulhadi al-Khawaja 9964:Health worker trials 9552:United Arab Emirates 8268:United Arab Emirates 7975:Israel and apartheid 7960:Human rights in Asia 7775:Right to development 7656:United Arab Emirates 7380:14 June 2012 at the 6724:9 March 2007 at the 5525:www.khaleejtimes.com 4970:. 30 September 2011. 4264:United States Senate 3881:Israel National News 3655:on 28 September 2011 3585:on 28 September 2017 3424:on 28 September 2011 2488:In 2008, during the 1688:in comments online. 1487:al-Arab News Channel 1432:Formula 1 Grand Prix 1248:Abdulhadi al-Khawaja 1025:Abdulhadi al-Khawaja 983:freedom of the press 944:Prison authorities. 186:Consultative Council 151:Minister of Interior 10362:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh 10164:Mohammed al-Maskati 9989:Arrest of Ali Hasan 9334:Trinidad and Tobago 8878:Freedom of religion 8479:Bani Utbah invasion 8469:1717 Omani invasion 8459:Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami 8295:limited recognition 7884:HRFS (founded 2002) 7721:Freedom of religion 7309:Monitor, Euro-Med. 6677:. 7 November 2005. 6391:18 May 2007 at the 6036:. 21 October 2023. 6033:Bahrain News Agency 5928:. 13 October 2016. 5855:Bahrain News Agency 5786:Bahrain News Agency 5499:"BAHRAIN 2016/2017" 5416:, 29 September 2004 5327:. 15 September 2020 5272:. 2 February 2015. 5192:on 27 November 2021 5044:24 May 2006 at the 4237:. 24 September 2021 3807:. 17 February 2011. 3805:The Huffington Post 3688:The Huffington Post 3493:(23 January 2006). 3354:on 25 December 2018 3291:on 26 February 2007 2107:freedom of religion 2090:punishable by death 2068:" (a member of the 1946:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 1918:Abdul-Amir Al-Jamri 1866:Freedom of religion 1770:Internet censorship 1717:In June 2019, Shia 1119:international law. 1104:23 October election 998:political prisoners 975:arbitrary detention 947:On 22 August 2021, 739:Bahraini Parliament 539:(especially ethnic 166:Minister of Housing 161:Minister of Finance 156:Minister of Justice 34:Politics of Bahrain 10455:Torture in Bahrain 10440:History of Bahrain 10347:Abdulredha Buhmaid 10285:(Foreign minister) 10214:Abdulwahab Hussain 9954:Saudi Intervention 9259:Dominican Republic 7871:Association Najdeh 7701:Capital punishment 7456:, 15 December 2005 7315:Euro-Mediterranean 7290:on 23 October 2019 7280:"Official Website" 7248:. 24 January 2011. 7157:. 11 November 2021 7002:, 21 December 2006 6924:Human Rights Watch 6748:, 30 November 2006 6523:Human Rights Watch 6376:, 24 November 2006 6282:has generic name ( 5752:End Blasphemy Laws 5628:. 13 December 2021 5626:Human Rights Watch 5577:. 22 February 2021 5477:Human Rights Watch 5448:, 22 November 2004 5430:Human Rights Watch 5414:Human Rights Watch 5351:Human Rights Watch 5325:Human Rights Watch 5301:. 22 December 2015 5162:. 25 November 2020 4986:The New York Times 4968:The New York Times 4471:Human Rights Watch 4419:Human Rights Watch 4395:. 18 February 2022 4317:. 20 December 2021 3996:Human Rights Watch 3505:on 19 January 2012 3149:Kokherdi, Mehran. 3010:. 11 February 2019 2942:Human Rights Watch 2674:. 15 December 2020 2634:. 24 January 2011. 2420:Suffolk University 2278:Slavery in Bahrain 2247:Human Rights Watch 2227:Human Rights Watch 2137:Women and children 2014:Human Rights Watch 1976:Bandargate scandal 1840:Bandargate scandal 1818:In June 2017, the 1788:OpenNet Initiative 1780: 1627:Human Rights Watch 1556:Human Rights Watch 1540:Human Rights Watch 1518:Human Rights Watch 1494:Human Rights Watch 1476:Citizenship rights 1436:Bahrain Grand Prix 1398:), who commented: 1205: 1181: 1079:Human Rights Watch 1066:Human Rights Watch 953:revealed that the 906:Human Rights Watch 884:Human Rights Watch 790:Human Rights Watch 698:Bandargate scandal 574:Human Rights Watch 567:Human Rights Watch 561:Torture in Bahrain 488:Human Rights Watch 433:Bahrain portal 10528: 10527: 10380: 10379: 10372:Mohammed Mushaima 10342:Fadhel Al-Matrook 10292: 10291: 10244:Sheikh Isa Qassim 10194:Zainab al-Khawaja 10174:Mahmood Al-Yousif 10169:Mohammed al-Tajer 10159:Mohamed Albuflasa 10154:Maryam al-Khawaja 10093: 10092: 9979:2012 Eker bombing 9832: 9831: 8928: 8927: 8888: 8887: 8743: 8742: 8679: 8678: 8661:Political parties 8614:Foreign relations 8581: 8580: 8400: 8399: 8337:other territories 7993: 7992: 7917: 7916: 7800:Male guardianship 7738:Human trafficking 7460:Review of Bahrain 7131:. 4 November 2021 6926:. 7 February 2022 6900:on 2 January 2020 6642:. 19 April 2021. 6600:on 19 August 2017 6475:, 31 October 2006 6325:, 30 October 2006 6089:Al-Ayam Newspaper 6064:www.instagram.com 6004:. 30 March 2023. 5695:. 28 April 2019. 5650:. 14 March 2023. 5353:. 10 October 2022 5123:, January 7, 2007 5002:. 8 January 2012. 4988:. 6 October 2011. 4652:on 19 August 2017 4622:on 22 August 2017 4589:on 19 August 2017 4559:on 19 August 2017 4529:on 19 August 2017 4499:. 31 October 2022 4473:. 10 October 2022 4343:. 13 January 2022 4291:. 21 October 2021 3947:on 19 August 2017 3622:Los Angeles Times 3532:(28 April 2007). 3463:(28 April 2007). 2984:. 4 February 2019 2958:. Middle East Eye 2545:Khalifa Al-Fadhel 2541:Secretary General 2500:for Bahrain. The 2471:Shia rights watch 2434:Human rights NGOs 2416:Boston University 2286:According to the 2117:individuals, and 2004:Public gatherings 1930:Akhbar Al Khaleej 1727:Islamic scripture 1656:Articles 309 and 1533:Freedom of speech 1438:on social media. 805:Battle of Karbala 711:According to the 677:Al Khalifa family 476: 475: 383:National symbols 361:Visa requirements 316:Foreign relations 281:Political parties 231:Recent elections 179:National Assembly 16:(Redirected from 10548: 10516: 10515: 10504: 10503: 10481:Pearl Roundabout 10430:Al Bandar report 10325: 10324: 10273:(Prime Minister) 10249:Bahrain Thirteen 10239:Saeed al-Shehabi 10199:Bahrain Thirteen 10110: 10109: 10015: 10014: 9926: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9836: 9835: 9824:Papua New Guinea 9108: 8955: 8948: 8941: 8932: 8931: 8908: 8901: 8754: 8753: 8705: 8690: 8689: 8592: 8591: 8531: 8530: 8427: 8420: 8413: 8404: 8403: 8390: 8380: 8379: 8349:Christmas Island 8035:Sovereign states 8020: 8013: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7815: 7814: 7691:Academic freedom 7673:Yemeni civil war 7644:Syrian civil war 7498: 7491: 7484: 7475: 7474: 7441: 7437: 7435: 7345: 7342: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7286:. Archived from 7276: 7270: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7213: 7205: 7199: 7198: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7077: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6993: 6987: 6977: 6968: 6958: 6952: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6771: 6765: 6755: 6749: 6739: 6733: 6716: 6710: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6667: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6632: 6623: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6596:. Archived from 6586: 6580: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6532: 6526: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6482: 6476: 6466: 6460: 6447: 6441: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6408:. Archived from 6402: 6396: 6383: 6377: 6367: 6361: 6351: 6345: 6332: 6326: 6316: 6310: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6243: 6237: 6221: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6178: 6172: 6169: 6163: 6152:Internet Enemies 6148: 6142: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6091:. 20 July 2024. 6081: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5994: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5875: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5826: 5818: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5777: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5721: 5714: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5685: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5593: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5455: 5449: 5439: 5433: 5423: 5417: 5407: 5401: 5388: 5382: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5218:. 4 October 2021 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5188:. Archived from 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5152: 5146: 5145:, 7 January 2007 5130: 5124: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5079: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5051:22 February 2006 5036: 5030: 5017: 5004: 5003: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4803: 4802: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4738:. Archived from 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4608: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4341:Evening Standard 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4261: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3943:. Archived from 3933: 3927: 3912: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3853: 3847: 3840:Ali Akbar Salehi 3837: 3831: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3756: 3750: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3690:. 27 April 2011. 3680: 3674: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3651:. Archived from 3645: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3614: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3581:. Archived from 3571: 3565: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3536:. Migrant rights 3526: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3501:. Archived from 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3457: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3420:. Archived from 3414: 3408: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3380:on 12 March 2012 3376:. Archived from 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3344: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3287:. Archived from 3277:(5 March 2007). 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3255: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3231: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3213: 3207:. Archived from 3206: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3168: 3159: 3158: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2944:. 31 March 2010. 2934: 2928: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2877: 2864: 2863: 2844: 2821: 2820: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2787: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2720:on 6 August 2016 2716:. Archived from 2710: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2665: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2626: 2561:Al Bandar report 2514:Northern Ireland 1910:Mansoor Al-Jamri 1516:A report by the 1458:Dominique Potier 1300:. Bahrain has a 1040:House of Commons 960:Ebtisam Al-Saegh 889:In August 2017, 865:Ali Akbar Salehi 845:Nicholas Kristof 827:Voice of Bahrain 817:Mansoor Al-Jamri 744:prostitute rings 604:Hakeem al-Araibi 521:Stateless people 503:2011 Arab Spring 485: 468: 461: 454: 431: 430: 429: 307: 306: 289: 288: 271: 66: 62: 61: 45: 29: 28: 21: 10556: 10555: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10524: 10492: 10459: 10450:Manama incident 10411: 10387: 10376: 10323: 10288: 10253: 10202: 10139:Fadhila Mubarak 10134:Ayat Al-Qurmezi 10108: 10089: 10068: 10037: 10013: 9998: 9994:Bahrain Tamarod 9969:2012 Grand Prix 9944:Bloody Thursday 9927: 9918: 9882: 9868: 9863: 9833: 9828: 9797: 9728:North Macedonia 9571: 9360: 9192: 9104: 8964: 8959: 8929: 8924: 8911: 8904: 8897: 8884: 8849: 8833:National Anthem 8781:Public holidays 8739: 8703: 8702:Bahraini dinar 8675: 8646:Law enforcement 8577: 8520: 8464:Antonio Correia 8440: 8431: 8401: 8396: 8368: 8336: 8327: 8308:Northern Cyprus 8294: 8287: 8029: 8024: 7994: 7989: 7938: 7913: 7834: 7804: 7785:Status of women 7780:Right to health 7679: 7580:Iraqi Kurdistan 7531:Northern Cyprus 7507: 7502: 7439: 7433: 7429: 7394:Wayback Machine 7382:Wayback Machine 7370:Wayback Machine 7354: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7261: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7211: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7084: 7080: 7074:Wayback Machine 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7043:Wayback Machine 7034: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7010: 7006: 7000:Gulf Daily News 6994: 6990: 6978: 6971: 6959: 6955: 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6874:. 10 March 2021 6866: 6865: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6844: 6843: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6800: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6778:Gulf Daily News 6772: 6768: 6756: 6752: 6746:Gulf Daily News 6740: 6736: 6726:Wayback Machine 6717: 6713: 6707:Wayback Machine 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6669: 6668: 6659: 6649: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6573:Wayback Machine 6564: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6542:Wayback Machine 6533: 6529: 6525:, July 22, 2005 6517: 6513: 6509:, 26 March 2007 6505: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6473:Gulf Daily News 6467: 6463: 6457:Wayback Machine 6448: 6444: 6438:Wayback Machine 6429: 6425: 6415: 6413: 6406:"anonymous.com" 6404: 6403: 6399: 6393:Wayback Machine 6384: 6380: 6374:Financial Times 6368: 6364: 6360:, 26 April 2005 6352: 6348: 6342:Wayback Machine 6333: 6329: 6317: 6313: 6304:Wayback Machine 6295: 6291: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6244: 6240: 6231:Wayback Machine 6222: 6218: 6211: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6188:The Independent 6179: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6160:Wayback Machine 6149: 6145: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5996: 5995: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5963:. 3 July 2023. 5959: 5958: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5896:Middle East Eye 5890: 5889: 5885: 5869: 5868: 5861: 5859: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5835: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5779: 5778: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5746: 5745: 5724: 5702: 5700: 5687: 5686: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5580: 5578: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5440: 5436: 5424: 5420: 5408: 5404: 5398:Wayback Machine 5389: 5385: 5379:Wayback Machine 5370: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5221: 5219: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5143:Gulf Daily News 5140:Wayback Machine 5131: 5127: 5121:Gulf Daily News 5116: 5112: 5096: 5095: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5068:Wayback Machine 5059: 5055: 5049:Gulf Daily News 5046:Wayback Machine 5037: 5033: 5027:Wayback Machine 5018: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4742:on 12 June 2018 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4682:on 8 March 2018 4670: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4625: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4497:Financial Times 4491: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4447:. 12 April 2022 4439: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4422: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4368:The Citizen Lab 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4294: 4292: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4210:The Independent 4204: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4164:. 5 August 2021 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4079: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3913: 3909: 3892: 3888: 3873: 3869: 3854: 3850: 3838: 3834: 3817:Writing in the 3816: 3812: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3757: 3753: 3747:The Muslim News 3744: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3616: 3615: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3562:Wayback Machine 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3527: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3499:Gulf Daily News 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3471:on 31 July 2011 3458: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3346: 3345: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3225: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3202:"Archived copy" 3200: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3162: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3116: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3062:on 10 June 2023 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3013: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2925:Wayback Machine 2916: 2912: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2879: 2878: 2867: 2860: 2846: 2845: 2824: 2809: 2802: 2795:www.bici.org.bh 2789: 2788: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2695: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2647: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2598: 2594: 2557: 2486: 2436: 2407: 2371: 2341: 2339:Migrant workers 2284: 2274: 2265: 2259: 2225:In March 2021, 2223: 2214: 2207: 2177:2006's election 2145: 2139: 2099: 2086: 2006: 1916:leader, Sheikh 1896: 1883: 1874: 1868: 1842: 1836: 1804: 1772: 1682: 1652: 1646: 1615:Hassan Mushaima 1535: 1510: 1489:on 1 February. 1478: 1294: 1272:harsh sentences 1268: 1163: 1161:Bahrain Tamarod 1157: 1151: 1143: 1116: 1096: 1057:Pegasus Project 1052:Pegasus spyware 1034:criticised the 950:The Independent 813: 700: 694: 670: 665: 653: 651:Against Baharna 629: 624: 600: 583:have improved. 581:migrant workers 563: 557: 529: 523: 483: 472: 443: 439:Other countries 427: 425: 420: 419: 404: 379: 371: 370: 351:Nationality law 347: 335: 318: 304: 303: 296: 295: 275: 269: 260: 227: 210: 209: 181: 171: 170: 140: 127: 117: 116: 111: 98: 88: 87: 78: 68: 56: 55: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10554: 10544: 10543: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10510: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10421: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10409: 10401: 10392: 10390: 10382: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10357:Karim Fakhrawi 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10333: 10331: 10322: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10300: 10298: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10286: 10280: 10279:(Crown Prince) 10274: 10268: 10261: 10259: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10234:Ibrahim Sharif 10231: 10226: 10224:Hasan Mushaima 10221: 10216: 10210: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10114: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10095: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10082: 10076: 10074: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10045: 10043: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10012: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9862: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9839: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9793:United Kingdom 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9633:Czech Republic 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9368: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9106:Western Sahara 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8965: 8958: 8957: 8950: 8943: 8935: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8910: 8909: 8902: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8882: 8881: 8880: 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8825: 8824: 8823: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8730:Stock exchange 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8710:Communications 8707: 8699: 8693: 8687: 8681: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8666:Prime Minister 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8558:Extreme points 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8506:1990s uprising 8503: 8502: 8501: 8499:March Intifada 8496: 8491: 8489:First Oil Well 8486: 8481: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8450: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8430: 8429: 8422: 8415: 8407: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8394: 8384: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8340: 8338: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8023: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8000: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7889:APDWRSA (2007) 7886: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7819: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7653: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7540: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7523: 7517: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7501: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7470:, 7 April 2008 7457: 7454:House of Lords 7443: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7384: 7372: 7360: 7353: 7352:External links 7350: 7347: 7346: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7301: 7271: 7235: 7221: 7200: 7186: 7168: 7142: 7116: 7105:. 30 June 2017 7090: 7078: 7059: 7047: 7028: 7026:, 12 July 2007 7016: 7004: 6988: 6969: 6953: 6937: 6911: 6885: 6859: 6837: 6825: 6794: 6782: 6766: 6758:Ghada Jamsheer 6750: 6734: 6711: 6692: 6657: 6624: 6611: 6581: 6558: 6546: 6527: 6511: 6499: 6477: 6461: 6442: 6423: 6412:on 4 June 2009 6397: 6378: 6362: 6346: 6327: 6311: 6289: 6238: 6216: 6205: 6173: 6164: 6143: 6131: 6106: 6076: 6051: 6019: 5978: 5943: 5913: 5883: 5841: 5804: 5769: 5722: 5665: 5639: 5613: 5588: 5562: 5537: 5511: 5490: 5479:. 6 March 2017 5464: 5450: 5434: 5418: 5402: 5383: 5364: 5338: 5312: 5287: 5255: 5229: 5203: 5173: 5147: 5125: 5110: 5074: 5053: 5031: 5005: 4991: 4973: 4955: 4930: 4901: 4876: 4850: 4835: 4821: 4804: 4790: 4775: 4753: 4736:Shiitenews.com 4723: 4693: 4663: 4633: 4600: 4570: 4540: 4510: 4484: 4458: 4432: 4421:. 5 April 2022 4406: 4380: 4354: 4328: 4302: 4276: 4248: 4222: 4197: 4175: 4149: 4138:. 29 June 2021 4127: 4116:. 22 June 2021 4101: 4087: 4076:. 9 April 2021 4061: 4050:. 9 March 2021 4035: 4024:. 5 April 2021 4009: 3998:. 10 June 2020 3983: 3958: 3928: 3907: 3886: 3867: 3848: 3832: 3810: 3792: 3783: 3774: 3764: 3751: 3738: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3675: 3666: 3637: 3627: 3624:. 11 May 2011. 3606: 3596: 3566: 3547: 3516: 3482: 3447: 3435: 3409: 3405:Jonathan Raban 3391: 3365: 3330: 3302: 3266: 3239: 3193: 3160: 3141: 3107: 3073: 3043: 3021: 2995: 2969: 2947: 2929: 2910: 2898: 2891: 2865: 2858: 2822: 2817:Foreign Policy 2800: 2779: 2762: 2743: 2731: 2705: 2696:|website= 2657: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2528:, such as the 2485: 2482: 2435: 2432: 2406: 2403: 2399:climate change 2370: 2367: 2340: 2337: 2282:Modern slavery 2273: 2270: 2261:Main article: 2258: 2255: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2192:Ghada Jamsheer 2138: 2135: 2098: 2095: 2085: 2082: 2032:, found that: 2012:In July 2005, 2005: 2002: 1908:was set up by 1895: 1892: 1882: 1879: 1870:Main article: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1838:Main article: 1835: 1832: 1803: 1800: 1771: 1768: 1693:Joumana Haddad 1681: 1678: 1648:Main article: 1645: 1644:Blasphemy Laws 1642: 1609:violations in 1534: 1531: 1509: 1506: 1477: 1474: 1454:Isabelle Rauch 1421:Lewis Hamilton 1331:royal family. 1321:Prime Minister 1293: 1290: 1267: 1264: 1159:Main article: 1153:Main article: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1139: 1115: 1112: 1095: 1092: 1044:Brendan O'Hara 1017:Hasan Mushaima 971:Antony Blinken 857:Ameen Izzadeen 853:Shibil Siddiqi 840:New York Times 812: 809: 801:Husayn ibn Ali 728:Saeeid Shahabi 693: 690: 669: 666: 664: 661: 652: 649: 639:) that have a 628: 625: 623: 620: 599: 596: 559:Main article: 556: 553: 525:Main article: 522: 519: 474: 473: 471: 470: 463: 456: 448: 445: 444: 442: 441: 435: 422: 421: 418: 417: 412: 407: 406: 405: 403: 402: 397: 392: 386: 380: 378:Related topics 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 346: 345: 334: 333: 332: 331: 319: 314: 313: 310: 309: 305:(governorates) 298: 297: 294: 293: 283: 278: 277: 276: 274: 273: 263: 261: 259: 258: 251: 246: 241: 234: 228: 223: 222: 219: 218: 212: 211: 208: 207: 206: 205: 195: 194: 193: 182: 177: 176: 173: 172: 169: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 142: 141: 136: 132:Prime Minister 128: 123: 122: 119: 118: 115: 114: 113: 112: 107: 99: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 79: 74: 73: 70: 69: 51: 50: 47: 46: 38: 37: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10553: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10521: 10520: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10499: 10498: 10495: 10489: 10488: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10418: 10414: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10383: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10326: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10284: 10281: 10278: 10275: 10272: 10269: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10256: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10229:Munira Fakhro 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10205: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10179:Naser al-Raas 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10144:Hussain Jawad 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10129:Ali al-Ghanmi 10127: 10125: 10124:Ali Abdulemam 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10071: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10040: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9984:Siege of Eker 9982: 9980: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9930: 9925: 9915: 9914:Sept–Dec 2012 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9875: 9874: 9871: 9867: 9860: 9855: 9853: 9848: 9846: 9841: 9840: 9837: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9339:United States 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9107: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9056:Guinea-Bissau 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8956: 8951: 8949: 8944: 8942: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8895: 8891: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8863:Ethnic groups 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8516:2011 uprising 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8423: 8421: 8416: 8414: 8409: 8408: 8405: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8383: 8375: 8374: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8318:South Ossetia 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8014: 8009: 8007: 8002: 8001: 7998: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7931:Saudi Arabia: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7881:Saudi Arabia: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Kafala system 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7558: 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6762:Time magazine 6759: 6754: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6715: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6662: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6629: 6621: 6615: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6585: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6531: 6524: 6520: 6515: 6508: 6503: 6487: 6481: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6427: 6411: 6407: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6387: 6382: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6331: 6324: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6293: 6285: 6273: 6257: 6254:(in Arabic). 6253: 6252:Elaph - إيلاف 6249: 6242: 6236:, 15 May 2005 6235: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6209: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6177: 6168: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6147: 6140: 6135: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5887: 5879: 5873: 5857: 5856: 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