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307:. Lupo kept his base of operations in Little Italy, but shared the overall leadership of the crime family with Giuseppe Morello, who operated from his base in East Harlem, while various members of their group, including Morello's half brothers, led the affiliated groups and ran the rackets with soldiers such as
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of the
Attorney General for 1922 mentioned Lupo's desire to return to Italy but also noted that his codefendant, Giuseppe Morello, had received a commutation after just eight years of imprisonment. The former Chief of the Selective Service considered the relative guilt of the two men to be, roughly,
261:
with his cousin Saitta, but moved his business to
Brooklyn after a disagreement. In 1901, he moved his business back to Manhattan and opened a small import store at 9 Prince Street, while also running a saloon across the street at 8 Prince Street. Lupo's father, Rocco, joined him in New York City in
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Harding did, however, attach a condition to the commutation, requiring Lupo to remain "law-abiding" and "not connected with any unlawful undertaking during the period of the sentence". The
President himself would be the sole judge of whether the "condition" was ever violated and, if it ever was, he
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Lupo was suspected of at least 60 murders, and may have committed many more. He was a suspect in the killing on July 22, 1902, of
Giuseppe "Joe the Grocer" Catania. Catania was suspected of openly talking about a counterfeit operation which he was involved in with Lupo to his neighbors and friends;
240:
store in
Palermo. In October 1898, he shot and killed a business rival named Salvatore Morello, by Lupo's account in self-defense after Morello attacked him with a dagger during an argument in Lupo's store. Lupo went into hiding after the killing and, on the advice of his parents, eventually fled
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acquired a saloon at 8 Prince Street, at the rear of the premises where Lupo was running his saloon. Morello had immigrated to the United States from Sicily in the 1890s and had been joined by his three half brothers
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Lupo demanded absolute obedience from the members of his crew, killing one of his relatives because he suspected he might be a traitor. His reputation became so fearsome that it was common for
Italian immigrants to
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He maintained his leadership over his Little Italy-based interests, but in the early 1900s Lupo merged his Mafia faction with the
Morello-Terranova faction, which basically formed what became known as the
262:
1902 and together they opened a retail grocery store on 39th Street between 9th and 10th avenues. Around this time, Lupo began preying on his fellow
Italian immigrants, using the extortion tactics of the
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of 'willful and deliberate murder', reportedly due to the testimony of the clerks who worked in his store. Lupo would never serve out the
Sicilian sentence, though he would one day return to Sicily.
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Catania also testified against several men in
Palermo, which resulted in their 20-year prison terms. Catania was stabbed to death and left inside a potato sack on the shore of Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.
186:, where he ran large extortion operations and committed other crimes including robberies, loan-sharking, and murder. By the start of the 20th century, Lupo merged his crew with others in the
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291:. Lupo became closely associated with the Morello-Terranova faction and eventually married into their immediate family when he wed Salvatrice Terranova on December 23, 1903.
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could declare the commutation null and void. In such circumstance, the President would order Lupo arrested and returned to prison to serve out the remainder of the sentence.
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233:, to parents Rocco Lupo and Onofria Saietta. He has sometimes been referred to, using his mother's maiden name, as Ignazio Saietta, but his actual surname was Lupo.
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in Brooklyn. Lupo relied almost entirely on violence and terror. The Syndicate preferred to use bribery first, and felt Lupo's tactics generated too much heat.
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While serving out the conditions of parole, Lupo wanted to take a trip to Italy, but the Parole Act forbade him from leaving the country. In 1922, President
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After his release, he returned to Brooklyn, where he died more or less unnoticed in 1947. Lupo and the four Morello-Terranova brothers are interred in
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Lupo was also suspected of the April 14, 1903, barrel murder of Madonia Benedetto. However, he was not charged with any crimes until 1910, when the
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After stops in Liverpool, Montreal, and Buffalo, he arrived in New York in 1898. On March 14, 1899, Lupo was convicted
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release their new album called "Lekkerboy", which contains a song called "Lupo the wolf", they tell the story of a
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called Lupo in for a meeting and forced him to give up nearly all of his rackets, except for a small
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freed Lupo from the constraints of his parole by granting a conditional commutation of sentence. The
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848:"Damon Runyon Omnibus" (1944) - Book Three, "Take It Easy." Story #12, "Too Much Pep."
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Suspected of at least 60 murders, he was not caught by authorities until 1910, when the
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Wrongly Executed? - The Long-forgotten Context of Charles Sberna's 1939 Electrocution
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463:“sicilian gangster famous for becoming a kingpin and chopping people into taters.”
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to have Lupo returned to prison for massive racketeering. He was returned to
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The origin of organized crime in America: the New York City Mafia, 1891–1931
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The First Family: Terror, Extortion and the Birth of the American Mafia
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Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia
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Warner, Richard; Santino, Angelo; Van't Reit, Lennert (May 2014).
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The Origin of Organized Crime: The New York City Mafia, 1891–1931
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to serve a few years on his original counterfeiting sentence.
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at the US National Archive index of inmates of Atlanta prison
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Upon settling in New York City, Lupo opened a store at East
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891:
Mafia Files: Case Studies of the World's Most Evil Mobsters
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Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement
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542:(3. ed.). New York: Facts on File. pp. 281–282.
198:, which became the leading Mafia family in New York City.
163:; March 21, 1877 – January 13, 1947), also known as
763:
Annual Report of the U.S. Attorney General, 1922, p. 400.
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Sometime in the early 1930s, the leaders of the emerging
437:
There is a character called "Ignaz the Wolf" in author
709:. Thomas Hunt. November 11, 2016. p. 3. Mafioso.
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the same and thus recommended a commutation for Lupo.
323:, a top enforcer and killer within the crime family.
792:"The Mafia, the Murder Stable and Presidential Mercy"
182:
during the early 1900s. His business was centered in
1031:
The Mafia, the Murder Stable and Presidential Mercy
2356:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization
1012:Article on the Grocery Conspiracy at Gangrule.com
355:. He was sentenced to 30 years and imprisoned in
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850:http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks11/1100651h.html
1890:
1101:
634:
483:"Early New York Mafia: An Alternative Theory"
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867:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 18.
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777:The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia
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347:arrested him for running a large scale
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205:arrested him for running a large scale
3003:Italian emigrants to the United States
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1017:Ignazio Lupo biography at Gangrule.com
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2968:American gangsters of Italian descent
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780:"The Mafia's Commission" (pp. 31–46)
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418:Calvary Cemetery in Queens, New York
894:. Arcturus Publishing. p. 17.
424:, who investigated them, and other
13:
925:
647:. New York: Random House. p.
229:Ignazio Lupo was born in Palermo,
14:
3014:
2351:List of Italian-American mobsters
1005:
576:. London: Routledge. p. 47.
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960:. London: Simon & Schuster.
2733:Italian-American National Union
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241:Sicily to escape prosecution.
2873:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
590:
502:"Preserving a Unique Heritage"
493:
474:
441:'s short story "Too Much Pep".
335:Crimes committed and jail time
1:
1022:Ignatius "Lupo the Wolf" Lupo
864:Terrorism in the 20th Century
468:
224:
1917:List of Mafia crime families
801:, May 6, 2013, Pardon Power.
331:at the mention of his name.
236:From age 10, he worked in a
7:
2602:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
2184:(Northeastern Pennsylvania)
984:Black, Jon (October 2020).
596:Critchley, p. 254., note 77
393:involving bakers. In 1936,
10:
3019:
2973:People of Sicilian descent
389:On his own, Lupo formed a
313:Giuseppe "Joe" Catania Sr.
160:[iɲˈɲattsjoˈluːpo]
2993:Prohibition-era gangsters
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932:Critchley, David (2008).
861:Nash, Jay Robert (1998).
814:. "Epilogue". p. 27.
797:February 2, 2014, at the
570:Critchley, David (2008).
454:is based on Ignazio Lupo.
145:
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122:
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94:Ignazio Saietta, The Wolf
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2822:Operation Family Secrets
2753:National Crime Syndicate
2463:Atlantic City Conference
1800:Relation to other groups
411:
380:National Crime Syndicate
215:National Crime Syndicate
2978:American counterfeiters
2718:East Harlem Purple Gang
2587:Colacurcio Organization
936:. New York: Routledge.
184:Little Italy, Manhattan
2988:Gangsters from Palermo
2667:Velentzas Organization
2637:Philadelphia Greek Mob
2550:Mafia Commission Trial
2544:Pizza Connection Trial
2134:10th & Oregon Crew
2049:Greenwich Village Crew
1906:Italian-American Mafia
1757:Mafia Commission Trial
1659:Greenwich Village Crew
977:The Mafia Encyclopedia
975:Sifakis, Carl (2005).
539:The Mafia encyclopedia
536:Sifakis, Carl (2005).
321:Tommaso "The Ox" Petto
141:30 years' imprisonment
2983:Genovese crime family
2963:American crime bosses
2622:Musitano crime family
2394:Black Hand in Chicago
2124:Angiulo's Boston crew
2116:(Northern New Jersey)
1117:Genovese crime family
683:Critchley, pp. 51-54.
671:Critchley, pp. 37-40.
451:The Godfather Part II
402:Franklin D. Roosevelt
400:petitioned President
2837:Operation Underworld
2827:Operation Old Bridge
2758:New Springville Boys
2642:Rizzuto crime family
2632:Papalia crime family
2617:Luppino crime family
2607:Inzerillo Mafia clan
2597:Cotroni crime family
2481:Palermo Mafia summit
1973:New Springville Boys
1066:Morello crime family
426:Morello crime family
297:Morello crime family
270:Morello crime family
196:Morello crime family
37:1909 mugshot of Lupo
2899:Buster from Chicago
2863:Hired Truck Program
2842:Operation Wasteland
2768:South Brooklyn Boys
2743:Marat Balagula gang
2527:Castellammarese War
2059:Springfield faction
1839:The Bugs-Meyer gang
1834:Philadelphia family
1786:Castellammarese War
1669:Springfield faction
1385:Federico Giovanelli
888:Cimino, Al (2014).
790:P.S. Ruckman, Jr.,
739:"The Barrel Murder"
641:Dash, Mike (2009).
299:, then the leading
2878:Rochester bombings
2763:Rudaj Organization
2738:Maceo Organization
2693:Bumpy Johnson gang
2688:Bugs and Meyer Mob
2647:Sacra Corona Unita
2498:Kefauver Committee
2144:Midwestern/Western
2084:New Jersey faction
2054:New Jersey faction
1968:Motion Lounge crew
1922:Mafia bibliography
1717:Kefauver Committee
1664:New Jersey faction
1640:Factions and crews
1490:Rudolph Santobello
1455:Anthony Provenzano
1435:Joseph Luco Pagano
1415:Carlo Mastrototaro
1305:Dominick Canterino
1237:Alphonse Malangone
1141:Vincenzo Terranova
1078:Vincenzo Terranova
432:In popular culture
281:Vincenzo Terranova
113:Salvatore D'Aquila
16:Italian crime boss
2958:Mafia–Camorra War
2935:
2934:
2917:
2916:
2858:French Connection
2796:
2795:
2713:Dutch Schultz Mob
2559:
2558:
2521:Mafia–Camorra War
2475:Apalachin meeting
2469:Havana Conference
2444:
2443:
2374:Initiation ritual
2276:
2275:
2097:
2096:
2039:116th Street Crew
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1795:
1794:
1780:Mafia-Camorra War
1740:French Connection
1698:
1697:
1654:116th Street Crew
1635:
1634:
1460:Nunzio Provenzano
1390:Matthew Ianniello
1146:Giuseppe Masseria
1084:
1083:
1075:Succeeded by
967:978-1-4000-6722-0
943:978-0-415-99030-1
827:Missing or empty
658:978-1-4000-6722-0
583:978-0-415-99030-1
549:978-0-8160-5694-1
500:Milliner, Imani.
444:The character of
395:New York Governor
391:protection racket
173:Sicilian American
149:
148:
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2927:
2926:
2887:Related articles
2832:Operation Solare
2805:
2804:
2788:Winter Hill Gang
2723:Five Points Gang
2698:New York Camorra
2592:Commisso 'ndrina
2572:
2571:
2504:Valachi hearings
2453:
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2410:(boss of bosses)
2288:Chain of command
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2217:(Italian Harlem)
2079:Brooklyn faction
1949:
1948:
1937:
1936:
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1892:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1804:
1803:
1723:Valachi hearings
1707:
1706:
1644:
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1365:Anthony Federici
1360:Albert Facchiano
1350:Vincent DiNapoli
1325:Michael Clemente
1320:Dominick Cirillo
1265:
1264:
1252:Ernest Varacalli
1202:Lawrence Dentico
1136:Nicholas Morello
1131:Giuseppe Morello
1110:
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1058:Preceded by
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987:Secret Societies
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979:. Facts on File.
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504:. The Cooperator
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457:Australian band
329:cross themselves
289:Nicholas Morello
276:Giuseppe Morello
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138:Criminal penalty
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91:Other names
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75:January 13, 1947
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2773:Tanglewood Boys
2703:The Corporation
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2564:Closely related
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2139:
2122:(New England) (
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2089:Tanglewood Boys
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2019:Ozone Park Boys
1998:
1982:
1963:Calabrian group
1944:
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1814:Lucchese family
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1546:Attilio Bitondo
1541:Thomas Andretta
1524:
1500:Anthony Strollo
1495:Saverio Santora
1485:Anthony Salerno
1420:Michele Miranda
1330:Michael Coppola
1310:Anthony Carfano
1295:Richard Boiardo
1256:
1185:Current members
1180:
1176:Liborio Bellomo
1171:Vincent Gigante
1166:Philip Lombardo
1119:
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1080:
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1038:Wayback Machine
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926:Further reading
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799:Wayback Machine
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741:. GangRule.com.
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420:, not far from
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384:Italian lottery
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317:Charles Ubriaco
309:Giuseppe Fanaro
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165:Ignazio Saietta
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2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
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2735:
2730:
2728:Forty-Two Gang
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Sicilian Mafia
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
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2569:
2566:and affiliated
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2297:
2295:The Commission
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2270:
2264:
2259:
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2239:
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2229:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2211:(Philadelphia)
2206:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2175:Mostly defunct
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
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2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
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2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2014:Baltimore Crew
2010:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1978:Sicilian group
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1934:
1928:
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1829:Colombo family
1826:
1824:Bonanno family
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1819:Gambino family
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1629:
1627:Joseph Valachi
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Vincent Cafaro
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
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1571:Phillip Kastel
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
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1526:
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1507:
1505:Ciro Terranova
1502:
1497:
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1475:Carmine Romano
1472:
1470:Lawrence Ricci
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
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1437:
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1427:
1425:Willie Moretti
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Venero Mangano
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Joseph Galizia
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:Angelo DeCarlo
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1315:Gerardo Catena
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1285:Anthony Antico
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Louis DiNapoli
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Frank Costello
1153:
1148:
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1105:
1098:
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1076:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:American Mafia
1046:
1045:
1040:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1006:External links
1004:
1003:
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981:
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622:. GangRule.com
620:"Ignazio Lupo"
598:
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492:
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467:
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459:Sticky fingers
455:
442:
433:
430:
413:
410:
406:Atlanta Prison
398:Herbert Lehman
364:Warren Harding
357:Atlanta Prison
349:counterfeiting
345:Secret Service
336:
333:
285:Ciro Terranova
271:
268:
226:
223:
207:counterfeiting
203:Secret Service
147:
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139:
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131:Counterfeiting
128:
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96:
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92:
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81:
79:(aged 69)
73:
69:
68:
55:
53:March 21, 1877
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
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2894:Barrel murder
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2657:Siderno Group
2655:
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2568:organizations
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2414:Mustache Pete
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:Capo dei capi
2404:
2402:
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2252:San Francisco
2250:
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2031:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
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2001:
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1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1945:New York City
1942:
1941:Five Families
1938:
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1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
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1900:
1895:
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1778:
1777:
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1748:
1742:(1960s–1970s)
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:Family events
1701:
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1622:Ernest Rupolo
1620:
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1581:Peter LaTempa
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Bumpy Johnson
1564:
1562:
1561:Louis Gigante
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:James Galante
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
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1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Charles Tuzzo
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
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1481:
1480:Anthony Russo
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Angelo Prisco
1448:
1446:
1445:Tomasso Petto
1443:
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1431:
1428:
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1423:
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1398:
1396:
1395:Frank Illiano
1393:
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1380:Mario Gigante
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1228:
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1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Rosario Gangi
1215:
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1197:Mikey Coppola
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1172:
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1161:Vito Genovese
1159:
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1151:Lucky Luciano
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997:9781527268074
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901:9781784043698
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893:
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884:
876:
874:9781461747697
870:
866:
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857:
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842:
834:
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813:
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781:
778:
774:
773:Capeci, Jerry
769:
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753:
748:
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733:
718:
716:9781365521317
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429:
427:
423:
422:Joe Petrosino
419:
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
376:
372:
369:
368:Annual Report
365:
360:
358:
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350:
346:
341:
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330:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:New York City
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286:
282:
277:
267:
265:
260:
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249:
248:
242:
239:
234:
232:
222:
220:
219:Lucky Luciano
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:New York City
177:
174:
170:
169:Lupo the Wolf
166:
161:
153:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
126:
125:Conviction(s)
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:New York City
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2904:Cement shoes
2801:Other topics
2778:Unione Corse
2748:Murder, Inc.
2683:Broadway Mob
2612:Jewish Mafia
2431:Sixth Family
2426:One-way ride
2418:
2405:
2339:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2130:Philadelphia
2114:DeCavalcante
2068:
2044:Broadway Mob
2028:
2003:
1987:
1952:
1844:Murder, Inc.
1685:Broadway Mob
1596:Bugsy Siegel
1591:Angelo Ponte
1586:Jack Molinas
1576:Meyer Lansky
1520:Frankie Yale
1440:Gerard Pappa
1430:James Napoli
1405:Ignazio Lupo
1404:
1400:Joseph Lanza
1370:Tino Fiumara
1355:Thomas Eboli
1345:John DiGilio
1300:Adolfo Bruno
1261:Past members
1212:Albert Gallo
1192:John Barbato
1064:
1026:Find A Grave
990:. Same old.
986:
976:
956:
933:
910:
890:
883:
863:
856:
846:Damon Runyon
841:
829:|title=
806:
786:
776:
768:
759:
747:
732:
722:December 28,
720:. Retrieved
705:
699:
688:
667:
643:
636:
624:. Retrieved
592:
572:
538:
506:. Retrieved
495:
486:
476:
462:
449:
439:Damon Runyon
415:
388:
377:
373:
367:
361:
351:ring in the
342:
338:
325:
293:
273:
252:
245:
243:
235:
228:
209:ring in the
200:
194:to form the
168:
164:
152:Ignazio Lupo
151:
150:
77:(1947-01-13)
25:Ignazio Lupo
18:
2953:1947 deaths
2948:1877 births
2909:Shotgun Man
2708:The Council
2627:'Ndrangheta
2552:(1985–1986)
2546:(1985–1987)
2529:(1929–1931)
2523:(1914–1917)
2500:(1950–1951)
2311:Consigliere
2267:Trafficante
2227:New Orleans
2166:Los Angeles
2161:Kansas City
1788:(1929–1931)
1782:(1914–1917)
1763:Window Case
1719:(1950–1951)
1690:Purple Gang
1617:Frank Lucas
1556:Fotios Geas
1536:Evsei Agron
1510:Frank Tieri
1340:Peter DeFeo
1290:John Ardito
1280:Vincent Alo
1242:Louis Manna
752:Inmate 2883
737:Jon Black.
446:Don Fanucci
255:72nd Street
247:in absentia
192:East Harlem
188:South Bronx
2942:Categories
2810:operations
2808:Government
2389:Black Hand
2318:Caporegime
2237:Pittsburgh
2102:East Coast
1605:Informants
1529:Associates
1465:Joseph Rao
1275:Joe Adonis
1232:Alan Longo
1227:Daniel Leo
1072:1903-1910
1069:Underboss
952:Dash, Mike
812:Dash, Mike
626:August 26,
508:August 24,
469:References
303:family in
264:Black Hand
225:Early life
178:leader in
176:Black Hand
99:Occupation
49:1877-03-21
2338:Members (
2330:Associate
2305:Underboss
2281:Structure
2262:St. Louis
2242:Rochester
2232:Milwaukee
2205:(Chicago)
2188:Cleveland
2120:Patriarca
1222:James Ida
1060:New title
820:cite book
693:gang Rule
428:members.
353:Catskills
274:In 1902,
259:Manhattan
238:dry goods
211:Catskills
109:Successor
2929:Category
2491:Hearings
2456:Meetings
2401:Vendetta
2379:Made man
2341:made men
2257:San Jose
2247:Rockford
2221:D'Aquila
2209:Lanzetta
2193:Colorado
2182:Bufalino
2070:Lucchese
2030:Genovese
1932:Families
1710:Hearings
1268:Made men
1034:Archived
954:(2009).
795:Archived
171:, was a
156:Italian:
103:Gangster
2783:Westies
2676:Defunct
2582:Camorra
2325:Soldato
2269:(Tampa)
2215:Morello
2156:Detroit
2151:Chicago
2109:Buffalo
2005:Gambino
1996:Colombo
1989:Colombo
1954:Bonanno
1860:Westies
1678:Defunct
217:led by
57:Palermo
2851:Crimes
2662:Stidda
2575:Active
2537:Trials
2506:(1963)
2483:(1957)
2477:(1957)
2471:(1946)
2465:(1929)
2449:Events
2420:Omertà
2384:Bagman
2198:Dallas
1853:Rivals
1807:Allies
1765:(1991)
1759:(1986)
1750:Trials
1733:Scheme
1725:(1963)
1647:Active
1124:Bosses
994:
964:
940:
898:
871:
713:
655:
580:
546:
231:Sicily
133:(1910)
85:, U.S.
61:Sicily
2366:Terms
2203:Genna
916:"BIO"
489:: 35.
412:Death
301:Mafia
65:Italy
2514:Wars
2436:Zips
2300:Boss
1773:Wars
992:ISBN
962:ISBN
938:ISBN
896:ISBN
869:ISBN
833:help
724:2017
711:ISBN
653:ISBN
628:2011
578:ISBN
544:ISBN
510:2011
319:and
287:and
190:and
167:and
72:Died
43:Born
1043:Bio
1024:at
649:265
448:in
257:in
2944::
1943:of
824::
822:}}
818:{{
775:.
676:^
651:.
601:^
558:^
518:^
485:.
315:,
311:,
283:,
266:.
221:.
63:,
59:,
2344:)
2136:)
2132:(
2126:)
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1891:t
1884:v
1109:e
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835:)
831:(
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154:(
51:)
47:(
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