Hospital - Knowledge

2079: 2264:, the number of hospitalizations grew to its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1,000 Americans and 6,933 hospitals. This trend subsequently reversed, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more than 10% and the number of US hospitals shrinking from 6,933 in 1981 to 5,534 in 2016. Occupancy rates also dropped from 77% in 1980 to 60% in 2013. Among the reasons for this are the increasing availability of more complex care elsewhere such as at home or the physicians' offices and also the less therapeutic and more life-threatening image of the hospitals in the eyes of the public. In the US, a patient may sleep in a hospital bed, but be considered outpatient and "under observation" if not formally admitted. 2573: 1736: 2272:(CMS) introduced a "two-midnight" rule for inpatient admissions, intended to reduce an increasing number of long-term "observation" stays being used for reimbursement. This rule was later dropped in 2018. In 2016 and 2017, healthcare reform and a continued decline in admissions resulted in US hospital-based healthcare systems performing poorly financially. Microhospitals, with bed capacities of between eight and fifty, are expanding in the United States. Similarly, freestanding emergency rooms, which transfer patients that require inpatient care to hospitals, were popularised in the 1970s and have since expanded rapidly across the United States. 1675: 2508: 1899: 2542: 2489: 1510: 2528: 2473: 1919: 1210: 1486: 1243: 2227: 2607: 1498: 2592: 1655: 63: 4861: 807: 2173: 984: 36: 5967: 796: 2558: 2330:, the National Health Service delivers health care to legal residents funded by the state "free at the point of delivery", and emergency care free to anyone regardless of nationality or status. Due to the need for hospitals to prioritise their limited resources, there is a tendency in countries with such systems for 'waiting lists' for non-crucial treatment, so those who can afford it may take out private health care to access treatment more quickly. 1887: 2297: 1229: 3364:

860 medical practitioners he examined, 160 failed. From that time on, licensing examinations were required and administered in various places. Licensing boards were set up under a government official called Muhtasib, or inspector general. The chief physician gave oral and practical examinations, and if the young physician was successful, the Muhtasib administered the Hippocratic Oath and issued a license to practice medicine.

1822: 4849: 3298: 1181:

distance from a local community. Twenty-eight of California's rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are district hospitals. They are formed by local municipalities, have boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs. They are a particularly important provider of healthcare to uninsured patients and patients with

2823:

inner ring served as a place where the monastic community could care for the sick, the poor and the infirm. Monks were frequently familiar with the medicine available at that time, growing medicinal plants on the monastery grounds and applying remedies as indicated. As such, many of the practicing physicians of the Middle Ages were also clergy.

1775:. It typically treated the poor, as the rich would have been treated in their own homes. Hospitals in this era were the first to require medical licenses for doctors, and compensation for negligence could be made. Hospitals were forbidden by law to turn away patients who were unable to pay. These hospitals were financially supported by 3363:

Another lasting advancement made during this time period was that of physician licensure. In 931 AD Caliph Al-Muqtadir learned that a patient had died in Baghdad as a result of a physician's error. Consequently, he ordered Sinan ibn Thabit to examine all those who practiced the art of healing. Of the

2466:

medical staff, but is considered to be more stressful for patients and detrimental to their privacy. A major constraint on providing all patients with their own rooms is however found in the higher cost of building and operating such a hospital; this causes some hospitals to charge for private rooms.

2453:

Some newer hospitals now try to re-establish design that takes the patient's psychological needs into account, such as providing more fresh air, better views and more pleasant colour schemes. These ideas harken back to the late eighteenth century, when the concept of providing fresh air and access to

2444:

However, many hospitals, even those considered "modern", are the product of continual and often badly managed growth over decades or even centuries, with utilitarian new sections added on as needs and finances dictate. As a result, Dutch architectural historian Cor Wagenaar has called many hospitals:

2440:

Modern hospital buildings are designed to minimise the effort of medical personnel and the possibility of contamination while maximising the efficiency of the whole system. Travel time for personnel within the hospital and the transportation of patients between units is facilitated and minimised. The

1180:

to address a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities. Even today, district hospitals are the sole public hospitals in 19 of California's counties, and are the sole locally accessible hospital within nine additional counties in which one or more other hospitals are present at a substantial

2118:

when she set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official nurses' training programme, the Nightingale School for Nurses, was opened in 1860, with the mission of training nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor

1455:

Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example, within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all the

2822:

innovation rooted in the monastic virtue and practise of hospitality. Arranged around the monastery were concentric rings of buildings in which the life and work of the monastic community was ordered. The outer ring of buildings served as a hostel in which travellers were received and boarded. The

2134:

By the late 19th century, the modern hospital was beginning to take shape with a proliferation of a variety of public and private hospital systems. By the 1870s, hospitals had more than trebled their original average intake of 3,000 patients. In continental Europe the new hospitals generally were

2465:

Another ongoing major development is the change from a ward-based system (where patients are accommodated in communal rooms, separated by movable partitions) to one in which they are accommodated in individual rooms. The ward-based system has been described as very efficient, especially for the

1322:

specialises in cardiac surgery and allows for a significantly greater number of patients. It has 3,000 beds and performs 3,000 paediatric cardiac operations annually, the largest number in the world for such a facility. Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead of per operation, thus when the

970:

that still focus on hospital ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals. In accordance with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were original "places of hospitality", and this meaning is still

2461:

is showing that good hospital design can reduce patient's recovery time. Exposure to daylight is effective in reducing depression. Single-sex accommodation help ensure that patients are treated in privacy and with dignity. Exposure to nature and hospital gardens is also important – looking out

1968:

and training of prospective practitioners. Some of the era's greatest surgeons and doctors worked and passed on their knowledge at the hospitals. They also changed from being mere homes of refuge to being complex institutions for the provision and advancement of medicine and care for sick. The

1647:

did exist stationed in military barracks and would serve the soldiers and slaves within the fort. Evidence exists that some civilian hospitals, while unavailable to the Roman population, were occasionally privately built in extremely wealthy Roman households located in the countryside for that

2462:

windows improves patients' moods and reduces blood pressure and stress level. Open windows in patient rooms have also demonstrated some evidence of beneficial outcomes by improving airflow and increased microbial diversity. Eliminating long corridors can reduce nurses' fatigue and stress.

2353:. Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to patients in life-threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay. Privately funded hospitals which admit uninsured patients in emergency situations incur direct financial losses, such as in the aftermath of 2100: 2057:

visited in 1785, and commented "I never saw anything of the kind so complete; every part is so convenient, and so admirably neat. But there is nothing superfluous, and nothing purely ornamented, either within or without." This revolutionary design was made more widely known by

2449:"... built catastrophes, anonymous institutional complexes run by vast bureaucracies, and totally unfit for the purpose they have been designed for ... They are hardly ever functional, and instead of making patients feel at home, they produce stress and anxiety." 2365:

As the quality of health care has increasingly become an issue around the world, hospitals have increasingly had to pay serious attention to this matter. Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess this aspect of health care, and

2423:

reported in 2011 that being admitted to a hospital was far riskier than flying. Globally, the chance of a patient being subject to a treatment error in a hospital was about 10%, and the chance of death resulting from an error was about one in 300. according to

1548:

started a COVID Oximetry@Home service in April 2020. This enables them to monitor more than 5000 patients a day in their own homes. The technology allows nurses, carers, or patients to record and monitor vital signs such as blood oxygen levels.

1145:

The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, also known as an acute-care hospital. These facilities handle many kinds of disease and injury, and normally have an emergency department (sometimes known as "accident & emergency") or

2104:(1803) that set the standard for many textbooks. In the mid-19th century, hospitals and the medical profession became more professionalised, with a reorganisation of hospital management along more bureaucratic and administrative lines. The 2267:

In the U.S., inpatient stays are covered under Medicare Part A, but a hospital might keep a patient under observation which is only covered under Medicare Part B, and subjects the patient to additional coinsurance costs. In 2013, the

1963:

These hospitals represented a turning point in the function of the institution; they began to evolve from being basic places of care for the sick to becoming centers of medical innovation and discovery and the principal place for the

1959:

Other hospitals sprang up in London and other British cities over the century, many paid for by private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's in London was rebuilt from 1730 to 1759, and the London Hospital, Whitechapel, opened in 1752.

1731:

in modern-day Turkey. By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organised hospitals, staffed by doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment procedures and specialised wards for various

2252:

Modern hospitals measure various efficiency metrics such as occupancy rates, the average length of stay, time to service, patient satisfaction, physician performance, patient readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, and

1150:

to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service.

2488: 1674: 2432:. In the U.S., 1.7 million infections are acquired in hospital each year, leading to 100,000 deaths, figures much worse than in Europe where there were 4.5 million infections and 37,000 deaths. 2283:

in the world. It has around 18,000 clinics, 16,000 homes for the elderly and those with special needs, and 5,500 hospitals, with 65 percent of them located in developing countries. In 2010, the Church's

2139:, the principal provider of health care in the United Kingdom, was founded in 1948. During the nineteenth century, the Second Viennese Medical School emerged with the contributions of physicians such as 987:

During peacetime, hospitals are often marked by symbols. A white 'H' on a blue background is often used in the United States. During military conflicts, a hospital may be marked with the emblem of the

4210: 2441:

building also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and operating rooms while space for special wiring, plumbing, and waste disposal must be allowed for in the design.

1509: 1122:"). Hospitals are usually distinguished from other types of medical facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others, which are smaller, are often described as 862:

to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for

2472: 4358: 2026:

era charitable innovation was the dispensary; these would issue the poor with medicines free of charge. The London Dispensary opened its doors in 1696 as the first such clinic in the

2701:"Although Philadelphia General Hospital (1732) and Bellevue Hospital in New York (1736) are older, the Philadelphia General was founded as an almshouse, and Bellevue as a workhouse." 2123:

standards and changing the image of the hospital from a place the sick would go to die, to an institution devoted to recuperation and healing. She also emphasised the importance of

988: 2285: 1929:). Founded in 1751, it is the earliest established public hospital in the United States. It is also home to America's first surgical amphitheatre and its first medical library. 3546: 2155:. Basic medical science expanded and specialisation advanced. Furthermore, the first dermatology, eye, as well as ear, nose, and throat clinics in the world were founded in 4593: 3105:

A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fâ-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (AD 399–414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline

1798:

in the 17th century established hospitals in large cities at government expense with records showing salaries and grants for medicine being paid for by the government.

643: 2507: 1405:, as well as a range of medical specialty departments. A well-equipped hospital may be classified as a trauma center. They may also have other services such as a 4414: 3623: 3161:

Ziegler, Tiffany A., Tiffany A. Ziegler, and Troyanos. Medieval Healthcare and the Rise of Charitable Institutions. Springer International Publishing, 2018, 33.

6003: 2375: 4284: 3773:

Dispensaries, Their Management and Development: A Book for Administrators, Public Health Workers, and All Interested in Better Medical Service for the People

2019:

opened in 1784 as the world's largest hospital, physicians acquired a new facility that gradually developed into one of the most important research centers.

3723:"Books: The Dispensaries: Healthcare for the Poor Before the NHS: Britain's Forgotten Health-care System: Dispensaries: An Alternative to General Practice?" 3081: 2572: 4632: 1544:

managed around 1200 patients at home between March and June 2020 and planned to continue the system after COVID-19, initially for respiratory patients.

5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 2606: 1246: 1654: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 4182: 677: 837: 4436: 908:

students. A health science facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments (e.g. surgery and

3415: 4155: 3794: 2183: 1540:. Patients are managed at home, monitoring their own oxygen levels using an oxygen saturation probe if necessary and supported by telephone. 2078: 5926: 2370:

is one means by which this is achieved. In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as

2070:, who had visited most of the hospitals in Europe. They were impressed and the "pavilion" design was copied in France and throughout Europe. 4105: 1844:, the church abruptly ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only by direct petition from the citizens of London, were the hospitals 3682: 897:

compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received.

5225: 4893: 4392: 2541: 5996: 4062: 3293: 2269: 1026:

came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By

858:

and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an

6552: 2591: 3001: 2917: 4054: 1926: 1805:, the state began to take on social welfare functions previously provided by Buddhist monasteries and instituted public hospitals, 1377:

services, but some may have a few inpatient beds and a limited range of services that may otherwise be found in typical hospitals.

3917: 5566: 4601: 4477: 2498: 3268: 1856:(Bedlam) endowed directly by the crown; this was the first instance of secular support being provided for medical institutions. 6557: 4337: 2612: 2371: 1706: 1541: 777: 5063: 4388: 2881: 5989: 5851: 5792: 5506: 4777: 4740: 4723: 3927: 3900: 3871: 3666: 3579: 3454: 2844: 4662: 2527: 2245:

and sterile techniques that could make surgery less risky, and the availability of more advanced diagnostic devices such as

6612: 1485: 1430: 830: 6248: 5475: 5467: 1702: 947:

companies, or charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by

5749: 4542: 2416:

linked to pre-packaged sandwiches and salads in 2019, saying "Nutrition and hydration is part of a patient's recovery."

5754: 2752: 1232: 2108:

made it compulsory for medical students to practise for at least half a year at a hospital as part of their training.

1118:") without staying overnight; while others are "admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months (" 6542: 4961: 3627: 2213: 2101:

Medical Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons

1581: 1464: 1327:

and reduce its cost per procedure. Each specialist may also become more efficient by working on one procedure like a

1139: 662: 6433: 5933: 4285:"Catholic hospitals comprise one quarter of world's healthcare, council reports :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)" 3181: 2046: 1832:

In Europe the medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the 16th and 17th centuries into a secular one. In

1545: 1201:, and pregnant women). In 2012, district hospitals provided $ 54 million in uncompensated care in California. 666: 4307: 3990: 1719:

in AD 325 construction of a hospital in every cathedral town was begun, including among the earliest hospitals by

6567: 6193: 5953: 5921: 4886: 2396: 2280: 823: 697: 254: 4814: 2943: 1903: 6283: 6198: 5662: 2031: 2005: 1837: 1176:

In California, "district hospital" refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after

339: 269: 3972: 1497: 1165:

A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for

5899: 5884: 5622: 5471: 5347: 5230: 4624: 3026: 2030:. The idea was slow to catch on until the 1770s, when many such organisations began to appear, including the 1763:

alone had 50 major hospitals, many exclusively for the military, by the end of the 15th century. The Islamic

1273: 1213: 289: 40: 2428:. 7% of hospitalised patients in developed countries, and 10% in developing countries, acquire at least one 6632: 6582: 6443: 5874: 5463: 5455: 3472:"Reacting to Epidemics: The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty" 2975: 2671: 2140: 2001: 1845: 1445: 717: 653: 613: 517: 44: 958:. In the past, however, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders or by 6597: 5904: 4966: 4597: 2660: 2578: 2458: 2429: 2063: 1937:

movement began in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded in London by the 1720s, including

712: 2454:

the 'healing powers of nature' were first employed by hospital architects in improving their buildings.

1914:, recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest hospital built in the Americas. Built between 1514 and 1541. 999:

During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions in that they were

5459: 5281: 5143: 4879: 4839: 4029: 2557: 2387: 2230: 2148: 1880: 1715:

as an accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care. Following the

1460: 936: 3185: 6637: 6562: 5948: 5894: 5677: 5617: 5499: 5297: 5220: 4508: 3649:

Reinarz, Jonathan (2007). "Corpus Curricula: Medical Education and the Voluntary Hospital Movement".

3423: 3289: 2533: 2514: 2420: 2311:

Modern hospitals derive funding from a variety of sources. They may be funded by private payment and

2300: 2234: 1608: 1569: 955: 772: 707: 20: 3791: 1735: 6592: 5943: 5807: 5546: 4956: 4359:"Battling the Chargemaster: A Simple Remedy to Balance Billing for Unavoidable Out-of-Network Care" 4211:"When the tiny hospital can't survive: Free-standing EDs with primary care seen as new rural model" 4130: 2152: 1577: 1285: 757: 742: 648: 274: 2412:. In 2020, they turned their attention to hospital food standards after seven patient deaths from 6273: 6052: 5842: 5337: 5210: 4685:

Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography",

2616: 2518: 2495: 2409: 2136: 2119:

and to teach. Nightingale was instrumental in reforming the nature of the hospital, by improving

2016: 1849: 1716: 1620: 1261: 874: 799: 682: 628: 623: 354: 324: 111: 6527: 4097: 3777: 608: 6622: 6496: 6491: 6062: 5879: 5307: 5302: 4936: 4312: 3686: 2479: 2367: 1974: 1898: 1864: 1853: 1720: 1573: 1307:

and are distinguished from multispecialty hospitals which are composed of several specialties.

1300: 1265: 1217: 1170: 972: 878: 687: 658: 575: 570: 121: 5011: 2053:, was a pioneer of hospital design in having "pavilions" to minimize the spread of infection. 1288:, certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic problems, and so forth. 6293: 6238: 6092: 6012: 5868: 5769: 3603: 2128: 2105: 1993: 1922: 1860: 1639:

functioned as centers of medical advice, prognosis, and healing. The Asclepeia spread to the

1612: 1441: 1350: 672: 374: 319: 216: 3864:

The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present

2067: 1760: 6393: 6213: 6167: 6162: 5970: 5938: 5862: 5556: 5541: 5492: 5332: 5184: 4951: 4912: 2635: 2111: 2087: 2023: 1938: 1558: 1472: 1418: 1394: 1281: 886: 859: 560: 462: 314: 299: 231: 3516:

Greenwich: an architectural history of the Royal Hospital for Seamen and the Queen's House

1643:. While public healthcare was non-existent in the Roman Empire, military hospitals called 1448:. This department is responsible for the administration of professional nursing practice, 8: 6328: 6233: 6188: 5846: 5256: 5251: 5246: 4986: 4357:

Richmond, Barak D.; Kitzman, Nick; Milstein, Arnold; Schulman, Kevin A. (28 April 2017).

4067: 4015: 3771: 2921: 2640: 2548: 2320: 2035: 1402: 1082:, which letter was eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a 967: 940: 402: 259: 1209: 6658: 6438: 6408: 6348: 6208: 6067: 5832: 5607: 5571: 5327: 5276: 5153: 5138: 5117: 5098: 4946: 4920: 4865: 4799: 4670:

The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance

4253: 4156:"How U.S. Hospitals and Health Systems Can Reverse Their Sliding Financial Performance" 3889: 3836: 3811: 3747: 3722: 3568: 3397: 3349: 3316: 3215: 2796: 2779: 2655: 2563: 2316: 1934: 1911: 1876: 1868: 1787: 1698: 1437: 1324: 992: 893:

treatment and other disease-specific categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce

811: 727: 512: 482: 422: 284: 161: 126: 106: 4682:

Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing.

4485: 4030:"As admissions have slumped and outpatient care booms, hospitals closing or shrinking" 3595: 3243: 6486: 6388: 6338: 6152: 5779: 5764: 5759: 5666: 5536: 5531: 5205: 5148: 5112: 5108: 5016: 5001: 4981: 4971: 4773: 4736: 4719: 4516: 4257: 3923: 3896: 3867: 3841: 3752: 3662: 3575: 3450: 3401: 3354: 3336: 2840: 2801: 2354: 2062:, the philanthropist. In 1787 the French government sent two scholar administrators, 1985: 1965: 1949: 1891: 1810: 1728: 1533: 1468: 1422: 1406: 1398: 1346: 1340: 1311: 1257: 1236: 1160: 1111: 1020:, signifying a stranger or foreigner, hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, 921: 905: 901: 894: 767: 702: 565: 472: 457: 221: 141: 3445:

Ikram, Sheikh Mohamad (1964). "Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals".

1918: 1680:

Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered in the historical city of

1607:, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty, written in the sixth century AD, King 1256:

A specialty hospital is primarily and exclusively dedicated to one or a few related

6627: 6607: 6501: 6353: 6343: 6253: 6203: 6117: 5856: 5797: 5703: 5526: 5266: 5189: 5103: 5054: 4916: 4745: 4245: 3831: 3823: 3742: 3734: 3654: 3483: 3389: 3344: 3328: 3239: 3146: 2885: 2818:, the institution of a hospital dedicated to the care of the sick was a distinctly 2791: 2650: 2597: 2383: 2350: 2312: 1981: 1945: 1476: 1449: 1362: 1354: 1135: 948: 944: 747: 737: 580: 417: 412: 329: 279: 201: 171: 67: 27: 2226: 2191: 1242: 954:

Hospitals are currently staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, nurses, and

6537: 6453: 6413: 6378: 6363: 6333: 6228: 6072: 5718: 5713: 5672: 5638: 5271: 5179: 4976: 4853: 4236:

Agnew, John (12 February 2010). "Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of Catholic Church".

4055:"Estimating Health Care-Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002" 3798: 3488: 3471: 2276: 2095: 1791: 1783: 1752: 1740: 1519: 1361:. It may be linked to a medical school or nursing school, and may be involved in 1328: 1315: 1190: 1087: 855: 633: 527: 522: 487: 447: 407: 309: 131: 3658: 6587: 6547: 6511: 6458: 6383: 6268: 6263: 6132: 6122: 6107: 5802: 5787: 5658: 5312: 5261: 5215: 5174: 4457: 3332: 2677: 2425: 2342: 2327: 2254: 2027: 1772: 1724: 1628: 1166: 1012: 863: 638: 590: 532: 452: 349: 344: 226: 191: 176: 54: 4654:

Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment", in

4249: 3827: 3051: 2144: 6652: 6577: 6506: 6278: 5576: 5561: 5551: 5342: 5322: 5169: 5092: 5021: 4666:'Philanthropy in Italy': English Observations on Italian Hospitals 1545–1789" 4520: 4338:

Hospitals in New Orleans see surge in uninsured patients but not public funds

3551: 3393: 3340: 3302: 3203: 3170:(Guenter Risse, Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals, 47–48). 2756: 2665: 2391: 2334: 2261: 2195: 1989: 1907: 1515: 1147: 975:, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers. 870: 585: 359: 3378:"From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue" 62: 6602: 6481: 6448: 6423: 6358: 6298: 6258: 6147: 6127: 6112: 5889: 5822: 5817: 5723: 5698: 5653: 5317: 5133: 4996: 4941: 4871: 4568: 3756: 3358: 2819: 2805: 2346: 2083: 2039: 1997: 1942: 1802: 1768: 1712: 1681: 1640: 1386: 1194: 1177: 959: 904:

combines assistance to people with teaching to health science students and

732: 555: 507: 497: 432: 379: 334: 186: 181: 3845: 3738: 1323:

number of procedures increases, the hospital is able to take advantage of

6398: 6373: 6243: 6218: 6157: 6020: 5515: 5075: 4543:"Open hospital windows to stem spread of infections, says microbiologist" 2630: 2115: 2059: 2054: 1894:

in London, one of the first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724

1616: 1198: 1115: 1050: 909: 854:

is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized

467: 442: 304: 264: 78: 5981: 4860: 3052:"The "virtual wards" supporting patients with covid-19 in the community" 2501:

in the UK, showing the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals

2288:

said that the Church manages 26% of the world's health care facilities.

2241:

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, medical advancements such as

2127:

for determining the success rate of a given intervention and pushed for

2004:, now Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City opened in 1771, and 1611:(r. 437–367 BC) had lying-in-homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala). A 1522:

intervention, showing the highly technical equipment of modern hospitals

1030:, the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an 806: 35: 6617: 6572: 6428: 6418: 6288: 6223: 6172: 6087: 5733: 5693: 5048: 5042: 4991: 4770:

American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions

3949: 3859: 3769: 2682: 2246: 2242: 2124: 2120: 2034:(1776), the Metropolitan Dispensary and Charitable Fund (1779) and the 1953: 1841: 1764: 1747:

The earliest general hospital in the Islamic world was built in 805 in

1636: 1374: 1277: 1119: 1083: 1069: 1000: 917: 913: 890: 752: 692: 502: 492: 364: 294: 151: 4694:

From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West

2979: 2249:, continued to make hospitals a more attractive option for treatment. 1970: 920:

and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a

6403: 6042: 5728: 5612: 5037: 4822: 4343: 3528: 3317:"Jundi-Shapur, bimaristans, and the rise of academic medical centres" 3117:

Arjuna Aluvihare, "Rohal Kramaya Lovata Dhayadha Kale Sri Lankikayo"

2349:; however, these prices may be lower for health care obtained within 1886: 1872: 1684: 1632: 1603: 1426: 1414: 1410: 1390: 1319: 1269: 929: 925: 882: 782: 477: 96: 26:"General hospital" redirects here. For the US daytime TV series, see 4793: 4763:

Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

4462:

Medicine by Design: The Architect and the Modern Hospital, 1893–1943

2810:

Although physicians were available in varying capacities in ancient

2722: 2296: 1134:"General hospital" redirects here. For the American soap opera, see 962:. However, there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the 6532: 6463: 6368: 5602: 5592: 4800:"Global and Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals" 4675:

Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States",

3651:

Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience

2413: 2338: 2050: 1992:

opened in 1736, first as a workhouse and then later as a hospital;

1795: 1756: 1624: 1349:

delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective

1228: 1221: 1186: 1182: 1027: 1008: 963: 618: 537: 437: 384: 206: 3596:"NPGallery Digital Asset Management System: Pennsylvania Hospital" 3377: 6308: 6032: 5812: 5708: 5597: 5069: 5006: 4415:"CQC to inspect hospitals on food standards after patient deaths" 3922:. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 3792:

http://www.histansoc.org.uk/uploads/9/5/5/2/9552670/volume_19.pdf

3301:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2645: 2582: 2405: 1833: 1821: 1806: 1748: 1591: 1358: 1292: 1123: 1056: 369: 86: 3991:"Hospital Industry's 10 Most Critical Metrics – Guiding Metrics" 1276:, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as 6142: 6037: 5643: 4815:"Directory and Ranking of more than 17.000 Hospitals worldwide" 4356: 2815: 2401: 2379: 2337:, hospitals typically operate privately and in some cases on a 2304: 2286:

Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers

2156: 2009: 1826: 1536:

stimulated the development of virtual wards across the British

1303:(thoracic surgery). In India, specialty hospitals are known as 1073: 1004: 427: 211: 91: 5484: 3570:

America's First Hospital: The Pennsylvania Hospital, 1751–1841

1755:. By the 10th century, Baghdad had five more hospitals, while 1601:, recorded examples of healing institutions. According to the 6082: 6047: 4701:

Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages

4098:"Two-Midnight and Observation Rule – Chicago Medical Society" 3812:"The Development of Medical Ethics – A Sociological Analysis" 3529:"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value" 3135:

The Gundeshapur School: Its History, Structure, and Functions

2482:

shows the growing trend for modern architecture in hospitals.

2182:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

2098:(1740–1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical conduct, 1648:

family, although this practice seems to have ended in 80 AD.

1587: 1250: 885:

hospitals, and hospitals for specific medical needs, such as

722: 146: 101: 4756:

The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System

4658:(Oxford UP, 1997), pp. 671–729; covers France 1650–1800 4625:"Health administrators go shopping for new hospital designs" 2345:. The list of procedures and their prices are billed with a 6137: 6102: 6097: 4805: 4272:

Earthly Mission - The Catholic Church and World Development

2862:, revised by J. Marchant & J. Charles, 260th. thousand. 2811: 1871:, an instance of the use of the word "hospital" to mean an 1776: 1365:. Students may also observe clinical work in the hospital. 983: 236: 196: 166: 156: 1743:

in Cairo, Egypt, which housed the notable Mansuri hospital

1011:, or hospital schools. The word "hospital" comes from the 866:

and additional beds for patients who need long-term care.

6303: 6057: 4789: 2159:, being considered as the birth of specialised medicine. 1665: 1537: 1031: 762: 116: 16:

Health care facility with specialized staff and equipment

3866:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 316–17. 2780:"Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest" 2038:(1780). Dispensaries were also opened in New York 1771, 1952:(1724) funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, 1816: 971:

preserved in the names of some institutions such as the

3565: 47:, Spain, with entrance and parking area for ambulances. 4389:"Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA)" 4264: 4131:"CMS drops two-midnight rule's inpatient payment cuts" 3919:

Florence Nightingale: Measuring Hospital Care Outcomes

2114:

pioneered the modern profession of nursing during the

4837: 3915: 3559: 3444: 3150:

Mending bodies, saving souls: a history of hospitals.

1594:, a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled across India 1421:. Some hospitals have outpatient departments such as 4749:

Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals

4183:"5 common questions about micro-hospitals, answered" 3131:

The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2

2884:. District Hospital Leadership Forum. Archived from 2090:

worked and helped to restructure the modern hospital

1068:. The latter modern word derives from Latin via the 4437:"Going into hospital far riskier than flying: WHO" 3888: 3770:Michael Marks Davis; Andrew Robert Warner (1918). 3567: 2978:. fastcompany.com. 7 February 2012. Archived from 1247:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 4689:, December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 437–60 3973:"Opinion | Are Hospitals Becoming Obsolete?" 3648: 3469: 3416:"Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals" 1767:served as a center of medical treatment, as well 1385:A hospital contains one or more wards that house 6650: 4594:"The psychological and social needs of patients" 4305: 4016:"Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals, 2018 | AHA" 3809: 3290:Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts: Hospitals 3082:"Modern technology reduces hospital admissions" 1867:as a retirement home for old soldiers known as 1668:, the best preserved instance of an Asklepieion 3966: 3964: 3962: 3182:"Christianity: Curing and caring for the sick" 1048:was dropped for convenience of pronunciation) 5997: 5500: 4887: 4716:Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 4713: 3954:The Vienna Medical School of the 19th Century 3624:"Painted window in St Bartholomew's Hospital" 3263: 3261: 3084:. Building Better Healthcare. 2 December 2020 2970: 2968: 2180:The examples and perspective in this section 1479:, dining services, and security departments. 1393:. It may also have acute services such as an 831: 4901: 4509:"Better Healing from Better Hospital Design" 4393:Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services 4047: 3505:(Norwich: Jarrold Publishing, 2002), pp. 3–4 2755:. bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010. Archived from 1314:compared to general hospitals. For example, 1097: 1091: 951:, or by charitable individuals and leaders. 4332: 4330: 4229: 3959: 3179: 1759:had six hospitals by the 15th century, and 1035: 1021: 1015: 6004: 5990: 5507: 5493: 4894: 4880: 4417:. Health Service Journal. 17 November 2020 4063:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3886: 3720: 3449:. Columbia University Press. p. 223. 3294:United States National Library of Medicine 3269:"The Islamic Roots of the Modern Hospital" 3258: 2965: 2920:. Payers &–° Providers. Archived from 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2753:"India's 'production line' heart hospital" 2279:is the largest non-government provider of 2198:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2162: 1189:program, serving low-income persons, some 838: 824: 6011: 4622: 4506: 3835: 3746: 3683:"General Acute Care Hospital in New York" 3547:"Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de Barí" 3487: 3348: 2795: 2270:Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2214:Learn how and when to remove this message 1129: 1114:, treatment, or therapy and then leave (" 4735:, with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989) 4656:The Medical World of Early Modern France 4327: 4287:. Catholic News Agency. 10 February 2010 3971:Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (25 February 2018). 3321:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 3180:Jan Pelikan, Jaroslav (13 August 2022). 2295: 2225: 2077: 1977:as a response to an outbreak of plague. 1927:University of Pennsylvania Health System 1917: 1897: 1885: 1820: 1734: 1241: 1227: 1208: 1110:Some patients go to a hospital just for 982: 34: 4714:Morelon, Régis; Rashed, Roshdi (1996), 4679:, 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp. 93–104 4648: 4566: 4308:"Surgery worries create insurance boom" 4008: 3970: 3155: 2918:"District Hospitals' Important Mission" 2900: 2865: 2837:A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today 2598:All India Institute of Medical Sciences 2499:Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital 1380: 1040:is thus the root for the English words 6651: 4635:from the original on 26 December 2008. 4623:Rosenberg, Julian (15 November 2004). 4540: 4472: 4470: 3956:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976) 3858: 3518:(Yale University Press, 2001), pp. 4–7 3375: 3369: 3314: 2834: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2372:international healthcare accreditation 1973:was founded in Berlin in 1710 by King 1707:Medicine in the medieval Islamic world 1631:, temples dedicated to the healer-god 1542:West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust 1310:Specialised hospitals can help reduce 989:red cross, red crescent or red crystal 5985: 5852:Artificial intelligence in healthcare 5488: 4875: 4569:"Closed windows 'increase infection'" 4235: 4205: 4203: 4125: 4123: 4108:from the original on 25 November 2018 4092: 4090: 4088: 3916:Nightingale, Florence (August 1999). 3891:Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing 3238: 3232: 3102: 2839:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 192. 2360: 2135:built and run from public funds. The 1817:Early modern and Enlightenment Europe 4677:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 4363:The American Journal of Managed Care 4306:Johnston, Martin (21 January 2008). 4299: 3895:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. 3600:National Register of Historic Places 3588: 3533:UNESCO World Heritage Centre website 3107:. Dev Publishers & Distributors. 2784:Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 2777: 2166: 1881:Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich 1786:existed at least since the reign of 1613:hospital and medical training center 1527: 6249:Maintenance, repair, and operations 4507:Yamaguchi, Yuhgo (5 October 2015). 4467: 3283: 3245:A Short History of the Arab Peoples 2740: 1980:Voluntary hospitals also spread to 1703:Medieval medicine of Western Europe 1619:, a major city in southwest of the 1295:, specialised hospitals are called 13: 5927:reform debate in the United States 4772:(Rutgers University Press, 2011). 4672:, 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. 4484:. July–August 2006. Archived from 4274:; TJ International Ltd; 2013; p.40 4200: 4120: 4085: 3514:J. Bold, P. Guillery, D. Kendall, 2613:Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest 1491:Hospital beds per 1000 people 2013 1233:McMaster University Medical Centre 935:Hospitals are typically funded by 14: 6670: 6553:Controlled-access highway systems 5954:(Category Health care by country) 4794:https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ 4783: 4180: 3790:Surgeon Vice Admiral A Revell in 2534:Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai 2408:, hospitals are monitored by the 1582:Medical community of ancient Rome 1563: 1465:release of information department 1140:General hospital (disambiguation) 6613:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge 6434:Sustainable urban infrastructure 5966: 5965: 4859: 4847: 4600:. 7 January 2011. Archived from 4541:Sample, Ian (20 February 2012). 3566:Williams, William Henry (1976). 3296: 3027:"Hospital beds per 1,000 people" 2976:"Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals" 2915: 2605: 2590: 2571: 2556: 2540: 2526: 2506: 2487: 2471: 2430:health care-associated infection 2171: 2047:Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse 1673: 1653: 1546:Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust 1508: 1496: 1484: 805: 795: 794: 61: 6568:Hong Kong International Airport 6194:Infrastructure asset management 5514: 4708:Encyclopedia of Medical History 4643: 4616: 4586: 4567:Bowdler, Neil (26 April 2013). 4560: 4534: 4500: 4451: 4429: 4407: 4381: 4350: 4277: 4174: 4148: 4022: 3983: 3943: 3909: 3880: 3852: 3803: 3784: 3763: 3714: 3709:Encyclopedia of Medical History 3701: 3675: 3642: 3616: 3539: 3521: 3508: 3496: 3463: 3438: 3408: 3308: 3220: 3209: 3192: 3173: 3164: 3140: 3124: 3111: 3096: 3074: 3044: 3019: 2994: 2695: 2435: 2073: 1825:A hospital ward in 6th century 1452:, and policy for the hospital. 1373:Clinics generally provide only 1274:long-term acute care facilities 1249:, a large teaching hospital in 912:) and specialist units such as 768:Spanish autovias and autopistas 5663:Academic health science centre 2936: 2853: 2828: 2778:Hall, Daniel (December 2008). 2771: 2715: 2032:Public Dispensary of Edinburgh 2006:Massachusetts General Hospital 1838:dissolution of the monasteries 1692: 1204: 869:Specialized hospitals include 1: 5900:Health information management 5885:health information technology 5623:Health information management 4187:www.beckershospitalreview.com 3002:"What's a Teaching Hospital?" 2708: 1595: 1503:Hospital beds per inhabitants 778:Power transmission in the USA 629:Brazilian energy independence 290:European green infrastructure 41:Bellvitge University Hospital 6583:Kansai International Airport 6444:Transit-oriented development 5875:Translational bioinformatics 4761:Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. 3489:10.1097/MC9.0000000000000041 3476:Chinese Medicine and Culture 3447:Muslim Civilization in India 2141:Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky 1904:Hospital San Nicolás de Bari 1459:Support units may include a 978: 518:Transit-oriented development 7: 6558:Electric power transmission 5905:Consumer health informatics 5226:Veterans medical facilities 4967:Hospital information system 4692:Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. 4629:National Review of Medicine 4598:British Medical Association 3659:10.1007/978-0-387-70967-3_4 3376:Alatas, Syed Farid (2006). 3206:(2009) Accessed April 2011. 2944:"Specialty Hospital Update" 2661:Hospital information system 2624: 2579:Tampere University Hospital 2459:British Medical Association 2194:, discuss the issue on the 1436:A hospital may also have a 1334: 1154: 1078:, which developed a silent 956:allied health practitioners 678:British offshore wind-power 10: 6675: 6638:Transcontinental railroads 6284:Public–private partnership 5144:Tertiary referral hospital 4819:hospitals.webometrics.info 4718:, vol. 3, Routledge, 4687:Social History of Medicine 3503:The Royal Hospital Chelsea 3470:Goldschmidt, Asaf (2023). 3333:10.1177/014107680609901208 3119:Vidhusara Science Magazine 2860:Cassell's Latin Dictionary 2478:The medical center at the 2388:Trent Accreditation Scheme 2291: 2231:Cabell Huntington Hospital 2149:Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra 2082:A ward of the hospital at 1779:, as well as state funds. 1696: 1567: 1556: 1552: 1461:medical records department 1368: 1338: 1214:Starship Children's Health 1158: 1133: 340:Public–private partnership 25: 18: 6543:Bus rapid transit systems 6520: 6472: 6317: 6181: 6019: 5961: 5915: 5895:Public health informatics 5831: 5808:Electronic health records 5778: 5742: 5686: 5678:Supervised injection site 5631: 5618:Allied health professions 5585: 5522: 5452: 5356: 5290: 5239: 5199:Limited class of patients 5198: 5162: 5126: 5085: 5030: 4927: 4910: 4347:, Wednesday 26 April 2006 4250:10.1080/14650040903420388 3828:10.1017/s002572730001992x 3711:(Macmillan 1985), p. 139. 3315:Miller, Andrew C (2006). 3062:(369): m2119. 5 June 2020 2727:World Health Organization 2515:Fawcett Memorial Hospital 2421:World Health Organization 2301:Clinical Hospital Dubrava 2235:Huntington, West Virginia 1883:, with the same purpose. 1790:in the 14th century. The 1729:Basil, bishop of Caesarea 1609:Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka 1570:Ancient Egyptian medicine 1475:, facilities management, 1456:nurses and nursing care. 1305:super-specialty hospitals 1235:, a teaching hospital in 773:Transcontinental Railroad 654:Curtiba rapid bus transit 45:L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 21:Hospital (disambiguation) 3810:Waddington Ivan (1975). 3394:10.1177/0011392106058837 3133:Mehmet Mahfuz Söylemez, 3006:www.brennerchildrens.org 2688: 2153:Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis 1578:Medicine in ancient Rome 1262:rehabilitation hospitals 1105: 939:, health organizations ( 875:rehabilitation hospitals 743:San Francisco Bay Bridge 6053:Critical infrastructure 5843:Medical image computing 5793:Artificial intelligence 5454:Lists of hospitals in: 5338:Rehabilitation hospital 5211:Combat support hospital 5086:Geographic service area 5072:lying in houses (India) 4962:Hospital administrators 4758:(1995); history to 1920 4733:The Hospital in History 4661:Chaney, Edward (2000), 4513:Harvard Business Review 4439:. Reuters. 21 July 2011 4160:Harvard Business Review 3797:6 November 2020 at the 3186:Encyclopædia Britannica 2617:Allentown, Pennsylvania 2551:(ICU) within a hospital 2519:Port Charlotte, Florida 2496:National Health Service 2410:Care Quality Commission 2397:Haute Autorité de santé 2163:20th century and beyond 2137:National Health Service 2125:statistical measurement 2042:1786, and Boston 1796. 2017:Vienna General Hospital 1941:(1719) promoted by the 1717:First Council of Nicaea 1621:Sassanid Persian Empire 1431:rehabilitation services 1185:(which is California's 1074: 991:in accordance with the 758:Spanish high-speed rail 698:Hong Kong Int'l Airport 683:Nuclear power in France 649:China's high-speed rail 624:Bicycle parking station 112:Critical infrastructure 6497:Mechanical engineering 6492:Electrical engineering 6199:Build–operate–transfer 6063:Electricity generation 5880:Translational medicine 5163:Unique physical traits 5127:Complexity of services 4754:Rosenberg, Charles E. 4751:(1999); world coverage 4313:The New Zealand Herald 3776:. MacMillan. pp. 2480:University of Virginia 2451: 2368:hospital accreditation 2308: 2238: 2091: 1975:Frederick I of Prussia 1930: 1915: 1895: 1865:Royal Hospital Chelsea 1854:St Mary of Bethlehem's 1829: 1744: 1574:Ancient Greek medicine 1301:Fachkrankenhaus Coswig 1253: 1239: 1225: 1173:, and long-term care. 1138:. For other uses, see 1130:General and acute care 1102:shares similar roots. 1098: 1092: 1036: 1022: 1016: 996: 973:Royal Hospital Chelsea 918:outpatient departments 916:. Some hospitals have 812:Engineering portal 688:Solar power in Germany 659:Cycling infrastructure 576:Mechanical engineering 270:Build–operate–transfer 48: 6633:Trans-Alaska pipeline 6239:Life-cycle assessment 6214:Engineering contracts 6093:Municipal solid waste 6013:Public infrastructure 5869:Computational biology 5770:Universal precautions 3739:10.3399/bjgp17X689281 3604:National Park Service 3240:Glubb, Sir John Bagot 3199:Catholic Encyclopedia 3103:Legge, James (1965). 2951:National Public Radio 2447: 2299: 2229: 2129:administrative reform 2106:Apothecaries Act 1815 2081: 1994:Pennsylvania Hospital 1923:Pennsylvania Hospital 1921: 1901: 1889: 1824: 1801:In China, during the 1738: 1623:founded in AD 271 by 1442:chief nursing officer 1438:department of nursing 1351:medical professionals 1245: 1231: 1212: 986: 887:psychiatric hospitals 614:Trans-Alaska pipeline 370:Replacement (upgrade) 320:Life-cycle assessment 300:Engineering contracts 38: 6528:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge 6394:Mobile data terminal 6168:Water supply network 6163:Wastewater treatment 5863:Behavior informatics 5348:Verterinary hospital 5333:Psychiatric hospital 5185:Underground hospital 4952:Emergency department 4913:History of hospitals 4706:McGrew, Roderick E. 4649:History of hospitals 4631:. Volume 1, no. 21. 3707:Roderick E. McGrew, 2835:Lovoll, Odd (1998). 2636:History of hospitals 2376:Accreditation Canada 2374:, by groups such as 2321:charitable donations 2192:improve this section 2112:Florence Nightingale 2088:Florence Nightingale 1939:Westminster Hospital 1559:History of hospitals 1473:clinical engineering 1419:medical laboratories 1395:emergency department 1381:Departments or wards 1282:psychiatric hospital 1266:children's hospitals 906:auxiliary healthcare 879:children's hospitals 860:emergency department 718:Kansai Int'l Airport 609:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge 561:Chemical engineering 463:Mobile data terminal 315:Green infrastructure 19:For other uses, see 6598:Offshore wind farms 6409:Renewable resources 6329:Air traffic control 6234:Infrastructure bond 5847:imaging informatics 5755:Cultural competence 5357:Century established 5303:Children's hospital 5257:Non-profit hospital 5252:For-profit hospital 5247:Charitable hospital 5060:Hôtel-Dieu (France) 4987:Intensive care unit 4804:hospitalsworldguide 4768:Wall, Barbra Mann. 4699:Horden, Peregrine. 4478:"Healing by design" 4270:Calderisi, Robert. 3887:Kathy Neeb (2006). 3721:Freeman GK (2017). 3689:on 16 February 2023 3574:. Haverford House. 3226:Husain F. Nagamia, 2641:History of medicine 2549:intensive care unit 2513:Hospital chapel at 2351:healthcare networks 2281:health careservices 2036:Finsbury Dispensary 1875:. Ten years later, 1711:The declaration of 1446:director of nursing 1403:intensive care unit 1318:'s cardiac unit in 1260:. Subtypes include 1258:medical specialties 1218:children's hospital 968:Bon Secours Sisters 708:Interstate highways 538:Wireless technology 403:Air traffic control 6439:Traffic congestion 6349:Congestion pricing 6153:Telecommunications 6068:Energy development 5833:Health informatics 5608:Healthcare science 5328:Maternity hospital 5277:Voluntary hospital 5154:Specialty hospital 5139:Secondary hospital 5118:Municipal hospital 5099:Community hospital 4947:Coronary care unit 4921:Category:Hospitals 4488:on 17 October 2007 4217:. 7 September 2011 4073:on 15 October 2011 3995:guidingmetrics.com 3977:The New York Times 3653:. pp. 43–52. 3630:on 17 October 2021 3426:on 21 January 2024 3216:Byzantine medicine 2982:on 13 October 2013 2656:Lists of hospitals 2564:Uniklinikum Aachen 2361:Quality and safety 2317:public expenditure 2309: 2239: 2094:English physician 2092: 1935:voluntary hospital 1931: 1916: 1912:Dominican Republic 1896: 1890:1820 engraving of 1869:Chelsea Pensioners 1830: 1788:Firuz Shah Tughlaq 1745: 1699:Byzantine medicine 1325:economies of scale 1254: 1240: 1226: 1096:. The German word 997: 993:Geneva Conventions 728:Offshore wind port 644:Chicago wastewater 513:Traffic congestion 423:Congestion pricing 162:Pipeline transport 142:Irrigation schemes 107:Coastal management 49: 6646: 6645: 6563:High-speed trains 6487:Civil engineering 6389:Land-use planning 6339:Bus rapid transit 5979: 5978: 5743:Skills / training 5667:Teaching hospital 5482: 5481: 5291:Condition treated 5206:Military hospital 5149:Teaching hospital 5113:District hospital 5109:Regional hospital 5002:Operating theater 4972:Hospital medicine 4778:978-0-8135-4940-8 4746:Risse, Guenter B. 4741:978-0-415-00375-9 4725:978-0-415-12410-2 4215:Modern Healthcare 4135:Modern Healthcare 4034:Modern Healthcare 3929:978-0-86688-559-1 3902:978-0-8036-2034-6 3873:978-0-393-31980-4 3668:978-0-387-70966-6 3581:978-0-910702-02-7 3456:978-0-231-02580-5 3382:Current Sociology 3271:. aramcoworld.com 3031:Our World in Data 2846:978-0-8166-2832-2 2386:in the U.S., the 2355:Hurricane Katrina 2224: 2223: 2216: 2002:New York Hospital 1986:Bellevue Hospital 1946:C. Hoare & Co 1534:COVID-19 pandemic 1528:Remote monitoring 1518:room bed after a 1469:technical support 1423:behavioral health 1407:hospital pharmacy 1399:operating theatre 1347:teaching hospital 1341:Teaching hospital 1312:health care costs 1237:Hamilton, Ontario 1161:Regional hospital 902:teaching hospital 895:health care costs 848: 847: 713:Jamnagar Refinery 703:Intercity Express 673:Danish wind-power 473:Rapid bus transit 458:Land-use planning 222:Telecommunication 6666: 6628:Three Gorges Dam 6608:Port of Shanghai 6502:Public economics 6354:Containerization 6344:Carbon footprint 6254:Natural monopoly 6123:Public utilities 6118:Public transport 6006: 5999: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5969: 5968: 5857:Neuroinformatics 5798:Connected health 5509: 5502: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5267:Private hospital 5231:Women's hospital 5190:Virtual Hospital 5104:General hospital 5055:Cottage hospital 4917:Hospital network 4896: 4889: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4864: 4863: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4843: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4825:on 21 April 2010 4821:. Archived from 4810: 4728: 4665: 4637: 4636: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4604:on 14 March 2011 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4474: 4465: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4354: 4348: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4207: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4162:. 5 October 2017 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4094: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4066:. Archived from 4059: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3968: 3957: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3894: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3839: 3807: 3801: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3750: 3718: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3685:. Archived from 3679: 3673: 3672: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3626:. Archived from 3620: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3573: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3525: 3519: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3422:. Archived from 3412: 3406: 3405: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3352: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3236: 3230: 3229:, (2003), p. 24. 3224: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3144: 3138: 3128: 3122: 3121:, November 1993. 3115: 3109: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2972: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2948: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2913: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2882:"Our Background" 2878: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2799: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2759:on 18 April 2017 2749: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2719: 2702: 2699: 2672:The Waiting Room 2651:Hospital network 2609: 2594: 2575: 2560: 2544: 2530: 2510: 2491: 2475: 2457:The research of 2384:Joint Commission 2313:health insurance 2219: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2012:opened in 1811. 2000:opened in 1752, 1982:Colonial America 1846:St Bartholomew's 1840:in 1540 by King 1784:public hospitals 1739:Entrance to the 1677: 1657: 1615:also existed at 1600: 1597: 1512: 1500: 1488: 1477:plant operations 1363:medical research 1355:medical students 1299:; an example is 1286:cancer treatment 1136:General Hospital 1101: 1095: 1077: 1039: 1025: 1019: 949:religious orders 945:health insurance 840: 833: 826: 810: 809: 798: 797: 748:Three Gorges Dam 738:Port of Shanghai 581:Public economics 418:Containerization 413:Carbon footprint 397:Issues and ideas 275:Design–bid–build 255:Asset management 202:Sewage treatment 68:Grand Coulee Dam 65: 51: 50: 39:The exterior of 28:General Hospital 6674: 6673: 6669: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6649: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6538:Brooklyn Bridge 6516: 6474: 6468: 6454:Waste-to-energy 6414:Reverse osmosis 6384:Hybrid vehicles 6379:High-speed rail 6364:Fuel efficiency 6334:Brownfield land 6321: 6319: 6313: 6229:Government debt 6177: 6073:Hazardous waste 6025: 6023: 6015: 6010: 5980: 5975: 5957: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5827: 5774: 5738: 5714:Overutilization 5682: 5673:Pharmacy school 5639:Assisted living 5627: 5581: 5518: 5513: 5483: 5478: 5448: 5352: 5286: 5272:Public hospital 5235: 5221:Prison hospital 5194: 5180:Mobile hospital 5158: 5122: 5081: 5026: 4977:Hospital museum 4957:Emergency codes 4929: 4928:Common hospital 4923: 4906: 4902:Articles about 4900: 4870: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4813: 4798: 4786: 4726: 4663: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4621: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4565: 4561: 4551: 4549: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4395:. 26 March 2012 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4355: 4351: 4335: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4269: 4265: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4102:www.cmsdocs.org 4096: 4095: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3969: 3960: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3857: 3853: 3816:Medical History 3808: 3804: 3799:Wayback Machine 3789: 3785: 3768: 3764: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3608: 3606: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3564: 3560: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3420:www.nlm.nih.gov 3414: 3413: 3409: 3374: 3370: 3327:(12): 615–617. 3313: 3309: 3297: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3267: 3266: 3259: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3210: 3197: 3193: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3145: 3141: 3129: 3125: 3116: 3112: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2924:on 14 July 2014 2914: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2888:on 14 July 2014 2880: 2879: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2833: 2829: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2627: 2620: 2610: 2601: 2600:in Delhi, India 2595: 2586: 2576: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2545: 2536: 2531: 2522: 2511: 2502: 2492: 2483: 2476: 2438: 2363: 2341:basis, such as 2294: 2277:Catholic Church 2220: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2189: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2096:Thomas Percival 2076: 1819: 1753:Harun Al-Rashid 1741:Qalawun complex 1709: 1695: 1688: 1678: 1669: 1658: 1598: 1584: 1566: 1561: 1555: 1530: 1523: 1513: 1504: 1501: 1492: 1489: 1383: 1371: 1343: 1337: 1329:production line 1316:Narayana Health 1297:Fachkrankenhaus 1207: 1193:, persons with 1191:senior citizens 1163: 1157: 1143: 1132: 1108: 981: 943:or nonprofit), 844: 804: 787: 763:French TGV rail 634:Brooklyn Bridge 605: 604: 595: 552: 551: 550:Fields of study 542: 528:Waste-to-energy 523:Fuel efficiency 488:Reverse osmosis 453:Hybrid vehicles 448:High-speed rail 399: 398: 389: 310:Government debt 251: 250: 241: 132:Hazardous waste 83: 82: 70: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6672: 6662: 6661: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6588:Millau Viaduct 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6548:Channel Tunnel 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6512:Urban planning 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6459:Weatherization 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6269:Public finance 6266: 6264:Public capital 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6133:Rail transport 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6108:Public housing 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6017: 6016: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5934:United Kingdom 5931: 5930: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5849: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5803:Digital health 5800: 5795: 5790: 5788:3D bioprinting 5784: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5750:Bedside manner 5746: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5659:Medical school 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5512: 5511: 5504: 5497: 5489: 5480: 5479: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5313:Fever hospital 5310: 5305: 5300: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5262:State hospital 5259: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5216:Field hospital 5213: 5208: 5202: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5175:Hospital train 5172: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4899: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4869: 4868: 4856: 4836: 4835: 4811: 4796: 4785: 4784:External links 4782: 4781: 4780: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4743: 4729: 4724: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4680: 4673: 4659: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4615: 4585: 4559: 4533: 4499: 4466: 4458:Annmarie Adams 4450: 4428: 4406: 4380: 4349: 4326: 4298: 4276: 4263: 4228: 4199: 4173: 4147: 4119: 4084: 4046: 4021: 4007: 3982: 3958: 3942: 3928: 3908: 3901: 3879: 3872: 3851: 3802: 3783: 3762: 3727:Br J Gen Pract 3713: 3700: 3674: 3667: 3641: 3615: 3587: 3580: 3558: 3538: 3520: 3507: 3495: 3462: 3455: 3437: 3407: 3368: 3307: 3282: 3257: 3231: 3219: 3208: 3191: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3139: 3123: 3110: 3095: 3073: 3043: 3018: 2993: 2964: 2935: 2916:Knox, Dennis. 2899: 2864: 2852: 2845: 2827: 2770: 2739: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2678:Walk-in clinic 2675: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2611: 2604: 2602: 2596: 2589: 2587: 2577: 2570: 2568: 2562: 2555: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2537: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2493: 2486: 2484: 2477: 2470: 2437: 2434: 2426:Liam Donaldson 2362: 2359: 2343:HCA Healthcare 2328:United Kingdom 2293: 2290: 2255:case mix index 2222: 2221: 2186:of the subject 2184:worldwide view 2179: 2177: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2131:at hospitals. 2075: 2072: 2028:British Empire 1950:Guy's Hospital 1892:Guy's Hospital 1818: 1815: 1773:lunatic asylum 1725:Constantinople 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1659: 1652: 1629:ancient Greece 1565: 1564:Early examples 1562: 1557:Main article: 1554: 1551: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1514: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1483: 1440:, headed by a 1382: 1379: 1370: 1367: 1339:Main article: 1336: 1333: 1280:problems (see 1206: 1203: 1197:, children in 1167:intensive care 1159:Main article: 1156: 1153: 1131: 1128: 1107: 1104: 1003:for the poor, 980: 977: 937:public funding 871:trauma centers 864:intensive care 856:health science 846: 845: 843: 842: 835: 828: 820: 817: 816: 815: 814: 802: 789: 788: 786: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 656: 651: 646: 641: 639:Channel Tunnel 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 602: 601: 600: 597: 596: 594: 593: 591:Urban planning 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 549: 548: 547: 544: 543: 541: 540: 535: 533:Weatherization 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 396: 395: 394: 391: 390: 388: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 350:Public finance 347: 345:Public capital 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 248: 247: 246: 243: 242: 240: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 177:Public housing 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 81:and facilities 77: 76: 75: 72: 71: 66: 58: 57: 55:Infrastructure 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6671: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593:Nuclear power 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6578:Humber Bridge 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6507:Public policy 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6279:Public sector 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Appropriation 6187: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6148:State schools 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6113:Public spaces 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5922:United States 5920: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871:in healthcare 5870: 5867: 5865:in healthcare 5864: 5861: 5859:in healthcare 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5505: 5503: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5477: 5476:South America 5473: 5469: 5468:North America 5465: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5343:Trauma center 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5323:Lock hospital 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5170:Hospital ship 5168: 5167: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5093:Base hospital 5091: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5078:(Middle Ages) 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5064:Valetudinaria 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031:Archaic forms 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4937:Accreditation 4935: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4855: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4731:Porter, Roy. 4730: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4438: 4432: 4416: 4410: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4286: 4280: 4273: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4056: 4050: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4017: 4011: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3931: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3898: 3893: 3892: 3883: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3629: 3625: 3619: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3562: 3554: 3553: 3552:Lonely Planet 3548: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3517: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3458: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3388:(1): 112–32. 3387: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3303:public domain 3295: 3291: 3286: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3151: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3114: 3106: 3099: 3083: 3077: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2969: 2952: 2945: 2939: 2923: 2919: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2861: 2856: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2790:(4): 193–98. 2789: 2785: 2781: 2774: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2666:Trauma center 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2392:Great Britain 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:United States 2331: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2289: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2263: 2262:United States 2258: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2215: 2207: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2185: 2178: 2169: 2168: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024:Enlightenment 2020: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:New York City 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1928: 1925:(now part of 1924: 1920: 1913: 1909: 1908:Santo Domingo 1905: 1902:Ruins of the 1900: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721:Saint Sampson 1718: 1714: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1686: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1645:valetudinaria 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1599: AD 400 1593: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1560: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1521: 1517: 1516:Resuscitation 1511: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:hospital beds 1378: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272:) hospitals, 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1224:, New Zealand 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1171:critical care 1168: 1162: 1152: 1149: 1148:trauma center 1141: 1137: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1103: 1100: 1094: 1089: 1088:modern French 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072:romance word 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 994: 990: 985: 976: 974: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 950: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 841: 836: 834: 829: 827: 822: 821: 819: 818: 813: 808: 803: 801: 793: 792: 791: 790: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 668: 664: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 599: 598: 592: 589: 587: 586:Public policy 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 553: 546: 545: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 393: 392: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 360:Public sector 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 260:Appropriation 258: 256: 253: 252: 245: 244: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 187:Public spaces 185: 183: 182:State schools 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 84: 80: 74: 73: 69: 64: 60: 59: 56: 53: 52: 46: 42: 37: 33: 29: 22: 6603:Panama Canal 6482:Architecture 6449:Urban sprawl 6424:Smart growth 6359:Ethanol fuel 6299:Supply chain 6259:Property tax 6204:Design–build 6128:Public works 6077: 5890:Telemedicine 5823:Telemedicine 5818:Nanomedicine 5654:Nursing home 5648: 5318:Leper colony 5308:Eye hospital 5134:Day hospital 4997:On-call room 4903: 4827:. Retrieved 4823:the original 4818: 4803: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4732: 4715: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4676: 4669: 4655: 4644:Bibliography 4628: 4618: 4606:. Retrieved 4602:the original 4588: 4576:. Retrieved 4572: 4562: 4550:. Retrieved 4547:The Guardian 4546: 4536: 4524:. Retrieved 4512: 4502: 4490:. Retrieved 4486:the original 4481: 4461: 4453: 4441:. Retrieved 4431: 4419:. Retrieved 4409: 4397:. Retrieved 4383: 4371:. Retrieved 4366: 4362: 4352: 4342: 4336: 4317:. Retrieved 4311: 4301: 4289:. Retrieved 4279: 4271: 4266: 4244:(1): 39–61. 4241: 4237: 4231: 4219:. Retrieved 4214: 4190:. Retrieved 4186: 4176: 4164:. Retrieved 4159: 4150: 4138:. Retrieved 4134: 4110:. Retrieved 4101: 4075:. Retrieved 4068:the original 4061: 4049: 4037:. Retrieved 4033: 4024: 4010: 3998:. Retrieved 3994: 3985: 3976: 3953: 3945: 3933:. Retrieved 3918: 3911: 3890: 3882: 3863: 3854: 3822:(1): 36–51. 3819: 3815: 3805: 3786: 3772: 3765: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3708: 3703: 3691:. Retrieved 3687:the original 3677: 3650: 3644: 3632:. Retrieved 3628:the original 3618: 3607:, retrieved 3599: 3590: 3569: 3561: 3550: 3541: 3532: 3523: 3515: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3482:(1): 68–75. 3479: 3475: 3465: 3446: 3440: 3428:. Retrieved 3424:the original 3419: 3410: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3362: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3285: 3273:. Retrieved 3249:, retrieved 3244: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3149: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3118: 3113: 3104: 3098: 3086:. Retrieved 3076: 3064:. Retrieved 3059: 3055: 3046: 3034:. Retrieved 3030: 3021: 3009:. Retrieved 3005: 2996: 2984:. Retrieved 2980:the original 2955:. Retrieved 2950: 2938: 2926:. Retrieved 2922:the original 2890:. Retrieved 2886:the original 2859: 2855: 2836: 2830: 2809: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2761:. Retrieved 2757:the original 2730:. Retrieved 2726: 2717: 2697: 2670: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2436:Architecture 2418: 2395: 2364: 2347:chargemaster 2332: 2325: 2310: 2274: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2240: 2210: 2201: 2181: 2133: 2110: 2099: 2093: 2074:19th century 2044: 2040:Philadelphia 2021: 2014: 1998:Philadelphia 1979: 1962: 1958: 1943:private bank 1932: 1879:founded the 1863:founded the 1858: 1836:, after the 1831: 1811:dispensaries 1803:Song Dynasty 1800: 1781: 1769:nursing home 1746: 1713:Christianity 1710: 1682:Anuradhapura 1661: 1660:View of the 1644: 1641:Roman Empire 1602: 1585: 1531: 1458: 1454: 1435: 1384: 1372: 1357:and student 1344: 1309: 1304: 1296: 1290: 1268:, seniors' ( 1255: 1195:disabilities 1178:World War II 1175: 1164: 1144: 1109: 1079: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1049: 1045: 1041: 998: 953: 934: 899: 868: 851: 849: 733:Panama Canal 556:Architecture 508:Urban sprawl 498:Smart growth 433:Ethanol fuel 380:Supply chain 335:Property tax 280:Design–build 232:Water supply 172:Mass transit 136: 32: 6623:Solar power 6399:Pork barrel 6374:Groundwater 6274:Public good 6244:Lindahl tax 6219:Externality 6158:Town square 6088:Lighthouses 5949:New Zealand 5704:End-of-life 5586:Professions 5516:Health care 5095:(Australia) 5076:Xenodochium 4982:Hospitalist 4866:Engineering 4492:10 February 4421:24 December 4238:Geopolitics 4192:25 November 4166:25 November 4140:25 November 4112:25 November 4077:9 September 4039:25 November 4000:25 November 3860:Porter, Roy 3733:(655): 81. 3152:1990. p. 56 3147:Risse, G.B. 3066:24 December 2723:"Hospitals" 2631:Burn center 2233:located in 2204:August 2020 2145:Josef Škoda 2116:Crimean War 2060:John Howard 2055:John Wesley 1850:St Thomas's 1693:Middle Ages 1635:, known as 1617:Gundeshapur 1278:psychiatric 1205:Specialized 1199:foster care 1116:outpatients 1051:hospitality 1044:(where the 910:urgent care 891:psychiatric 468:Pork barrel 443:Groundwater 355:Public good 325:Maintenance 305:Externality 265:Lindahl tax 217:Solid waste 152:Lighthouses 122:Electricity 6618:Suez Canal 6573:Hoover Dam 6429:Stormwater 6419:Smart grid 6289:Renovation 6224:Fixed cost 6173:Wind power 6026:facilities 5916:By country 5780:Technology 5719:Palliative 5547:Philosophy 5537:Guidelines 5049:Bimaristan 5043:Asclepeion 4992:Nocturnist 4930:components 4829:7 November 4792:Hospitals 4443:27 January 3950:Erna Lesky 3430:21 January 3251:25 January 3088:27 January 2986:13 October 2763:13 October 2732:24 January 2709:References 2683:GP Liaison 2566:in Germany 2394:, and the 2339:for-profit 2243:anesthesia 2121:sanitation 1954:Thomas Guy 1861:Charles II 1842:Henry VIII 1782:In India, 1765:bimaristan 1697:See also: 1687:Sri Lanka. 1662:Askleipion 1637:Asclepeion 1568:See also: 1425:services, 1391:inpatients 1375:outpatient 1120:inpatients 1084:circumflex 1070:Old French 1001:almshouses 960:volunteers 941:for-profit 914:cardiology 753:Shinkansen 693:Hoover Dam 571:Electrical 503:Stormwater 493:Smart grid 483:Renewables 408:Brownfield 365:Renovation 295:Fixed cost 6659:Hospitals 6404:Recycling 6294:Spillover 6078:Hospitals 6043:Broadband 5944:Australia 5765:Education 5760:Diagnosis 5613:Dentistry 5557:Providers 5532:Equipment 5527:Economics 5057:(England) 5051:(Islamic) 5038:Almshouse 4904:hospitals 4526:30 August 4521:0017-8012 4344:USA Today 4319:3 October 4291:17 August 4258:144793259 3862:(1999) . 3693:6 October 3402:144509355 3341:0141-0768 2820:Christian 2585:, Finland 2400:(HAS) in 2307:, Croatia 2196:talk page 2015:When the 1966:education 1873:almshouse 1859:In 1682, 1732:diseases. 1685:Mihintale 1633:Asclepius 1604:Mahavamsa 1586:In early 1427:dentistry 1415:pathology 1411:radiology 1320:Bangalore 1270:geriatric 1112:diagnosis 1023:hospitium 979:Etymology 930:radiology 926:pathology 883:geriatric 783:Wind farm 478:Recycling 375:Spillover 227:Utilities 137:Hospitals 97:Broadband 6653:Category 6533:Autobahn 6521:Examples 6475:of study 6464:Wireless 6369:Fuel tax 6304:Taxation 6182:Concepts 6033:Airports 5971:Category 5649:Hospital 5632:Settings 5603:Pharmacy 5593:Medicine 5542:Industry 5045:(Greece) 5017:Pharmacy 5012:Patients 4854:Medicine 4633:Archived 4608:14 March 4578:12 March 4573:BBC News 4552:12 March 4373:12 March 4106:Archived 3935:13 March 3795:Archived 3757:28126876 3359:17139063 3275:20 March 3242:(1969), 2806:19099050 2625:See also 2414:listeria 2190:You may 2086:, where 2051:Plymouth 2022:Another 1807:hospices 1796:Jahangir 1794:emperor 1757:Damascus 1625:Shapur I 1450:research 1353:such as 1335:Teaching 1222:Auckland 1187:Medicaid 1183:Medi-Cal 1155:District 1028:metonymy 1009:pilgrims 966:and the 964:Alexians 922:pharmacy 852:hospital 800:Category 619:Autobahn 603:Examples 438:Fuel tax 385:Taxation 330:Monopoly 249:Concepts 207:Sewerage 87:Airports 6309:Upgrade 6209:Earmark 6038:Bridges 5813:mHealth 5724:Primary 5709:Hospice 5699:Chronic 5598:Nursing 5567:Ranking 5472:Oceania 5282:Defunct 5240:Funding 5070:Vaishya 5066:(Roman) 5007:Orderly 4840:Portals 4181:Staff. 3846:1095851 3837:1081608 3748:5308110 3609:30 July 3350:1676324 3137:, p. 3. 3036:7 March 3011:13 June 2957:25 July 2928:10 July 2892:10 July 2797:2605310 2646:Hospice 2619:, U.S. 2583:Tampere 2406:England 2333:In the 2326:In the 2292:Funding 2260:In the 2084:Scutari 2064:Coulomb 1971:Charité 1877:Mary II 1834:England 1761:Córdoba 1749:Baghdad 1727:and by 1592:Fa Xian 1553:History 1369:Clinics 1293:Germany 1124:clinics 1086:in the 1062:hostel, 1057:hospice 1005:hostels 663:history 285:Earmark 212:Sluices 92:Bridges 6473:Fields 6318:Issues 6143:Sewage 6083:Levees 6048:Canals 6021:Assets 5939:Canada 5644:Clinic 5577:System 5572:Reform 5562:Public 5552:Policy 5464:Europe 5456:Africa 5298:Cancer 4776: 4765:(2009) 4739: 4722: 4710:(1985) 4703:(2008) 4696:(2008) 4668:, in: 4519: 4464:(2009) 4399:17 May 4256: 4221:14 May 3926: 3899: 3870: 3844: 3834: 3755: 3745: 3665: 3634:7 June 3578: 3453: 3400: 3357: 3347: 3339: 2953:. 2004 2843: 2816:Athens 2804: 2794: 2402:France 2382:, the 2380:Canada 2305:Zagreb 2247:X-rays 2237:(2014) 2157:Vienna 2151:, and 2010:Boston 1827:France 1792:Mughal 1705:, and 1580:, and 1520:trauma 1429:, and 1417:, and 1401:, and 1359:nurses 1099:Spital 1075:hostel 1037:Hospes 1017:hospes 928:, and 667:safety 428:Ecotax 147:Levees 127:Energy 102:Canals 79:Assets 6322:ideas 6138:Roads 6103:Ports 6098:Parks 5734:Total 5694:Acute 5022:Wards 4254:S2CID 4071:(PDF) 4058:(PDF) 3398:S2CID 2947:(PDF) 2689:Notes 2404:. In 2068:Tenon 1777:waqfs 1627:. In 1588:India 1251:India 1106:Types 1093:hôtel 1090:word 1066:hotel 1013:Latin 723:Levee 566:Civil 237:Weirs 197:Roads 167:Ports 157:Parks 6058:Dams 5845:and 5729:Self 5687:Care 5460:Asia 5444:21st 5439:20th 5434:19th 5429:18th 5424:17th 5419:16th 5414:15th 5409:14th 5404:13th 5399:12th 5394:11th 5389:10th 4831:2008 4806:.com 4774:ISBN 4737:ISBN 4720:ISBN 4610:2011 4580:2018 4554:2018 4528:2022 4517:ISSN 4494:2008 4445:2019 4423:2020 4401:2013 4375:2023 4321:2011 4293:2012 4223:2019 4194:2018 4168:2018 4142:2018 4114:2018 4079:2023 4041:2018 4002:2018 3937:2010 3924:ISBN 3897:ISBN 3868:ISBN 3842:PMID 3753:PMID 3695:2019 3663:ISBN 3636:2019 3611:2019 3576:ISBN 3451:ISBN 3432:2024 3355:PMID 3337:ISSN 3277:2017 3253:2008 3090:2021 3068:2020 3060:2020 3038:2020 3013:2020 2988:2013 2959:2020 2930:2014 2894:2014 2841:ISBN 2814:and 2812:Rome 2802:PMID 2765:2013 2734:2018 2494:The 2419:The 2275:The 2066:and 2045:The 1948:and 1933:The 1852:and 1809:and 1771:and 1532:The 1389:for 1216:, a 1064:and 1042:host 1007:for 889:for 192:Rail 117:Dams 6320:and 6024:and 5384:9th 5379:8th 5374:7th 5369:6th 5364:5th 5111:or 4942:Bed 4790:WHO 4482:Ode 4369:(4) 4246:doi 3832:PMC 3824:doi 3780:–3. 3743:PMC 3735:doi 3655:doi 3484:doi 3390:doi 3345:PMC 3329:doi 3056:BMJ 2792:PMC 2615:in 2581:in 2547:An 2390:in 2378:in 2315:or 2303:in 2008:in 1996:in 1988:in 1906:in 1751:by 1723:in 1666:Kos 1664:of 1538:NHS 1444:or 1291:In 1284:), 1220:in 1032:inn 669:) 43:in 6655:: 5665:, 5474:, 5470:, 5466:, 5462:, 5458:, 4919:, 4915:, 4817:. 4802:. 4627:. 4596:. 4571:. 4545:. 4515:. 4511:. 4480:. 4469:^ 4460:, 4391:. 4367:23 4365:. 4361:. 4341:– 4329:^ 4310:. 4252:. 4242:15 4240:. 4213:. 4202:^ 4185:. 4158:. 4133:. 4122:^ 4104:. 4100:. 4087:^ 4060:. 4032:. 3993:. 3975:. 3961:^ 3952:, 3840:. 3830:. 3820:19 3818:. 3814:. 3751:. 3741:. 3731:67 3729:. 3725:. 3661:. 3602:, 3598:, 3549:. 3531:. 3478:. 3474:. 3418:. 3396:. 3386:54 3384:. 3380:. 3361:. 3353:. 3343:. 3335:. 3325:99 3323:. 3319:. 3292:, 3260:^ 3201:– 3184:. 3058:. 3054:. 3029:. 3004:. 2967:^ 2949:. 2902:^ 2867:^ 2808:. 2800:. 2788:81 2786:. 2782:. 2742:^ 2725:. 2357:. 2323:. 2319:, 2257:. 2147:, 2143:, 2049:, 1984:; 1956:. 1910:, 1848:, 1813:. 1701:, 1596:c. 1590:, 1576:, 1572:, 1471:, 1467:, 1463:, 1433:. 1413:, 1409:, 1397:, 1345:A 1331:. 1264:, 1169:, 1126:. 1060:, 1054:, 1034:. 932:. 924:, 900:A 881:, 877:, 873:, 850:A 665:, 6005:e 5998:t 5991:v 5669:) 5661:( 5508:e 5501:t 5494:v 4895:e 4888:t 4881:v 4842:: 4833:. 4809:. 4664:" 4612:. 4582:. 4556:. 4530:. 4496:. 4447:. 4425:. 4403:. 4377:. 4323:. 4295:. 4260:. 4248:: 4225:. 4196:. 4170:. 4144:. 4116:. 4081:. 4043:. 4018:. 4004:. 3979:. 3939:. 3905:. 3876:. 3848:. 3826:: 3778:2 3759:. 3737:: 3697:. 3671:. 3657:: 3638:. 3584:. 3555:. 3535:. 3492:. 3486:: 3480:6 3459:. 3434:. 3404:. 3392:: 3331:: 3305:. 3279:. 3188:. 3092:. 3070:. 3040:. 3015:. 2990:. 2961:. 2932:. 2896:. 2849:. 2767:. 2736:. 2521:) 2517:( 2217:) 2211:( 2206:) 2202:( 2188:. 1142:. 1080:s 1046:p 995:. 839:e 832:t 825:v 661:( 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index