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514:, cousin and brother-in-law of Red Hugh. A charge often levelled against Docwra by his enemies was of his gullibility in believing in the promises of loyalty made by the Gaelic chieftains, and differences over this policy of conciliation later led to a quarrel between Docwra and Mountjoy. In fact, Docwra, who was a sensible man, had no expectation of any of the chieftains remaining loyal "if the Spaniards should approach these shores", or if the English suffered any decisive military defeat at the hands of the Irish. His attitude was simply that, so long as it lasted, the support of men like Niall Garve was a political asset which the English should exploit to its fullest extent.
585:. Also, he lacked powerful friends at court, where he was regarded as something of a nuisance. It was said that there was nothing which the Queen and her Council dreaded more than yet another verbose letter from Docwra, angrily replying to any criticism of his conduct; and despite his later military success, a certain reputation for timidity and indecision remained with him. The old closeness to Essex was held against him, quite unfairly since it was universally agreed that he had played no part in the rebellion.
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418:, which was attacked by Essex's enemies as a total English capitulation to the Irish. The Queen's reaction was to tell Essex sharply that if she had wanted to abandon Ireland altogether, it would hardly have been necessary to send him there. Docwra had returned to England with Essex in the autumn of 1599. In 1600 he was sent back to Ireland as commander of an army of 4000 men and captured the ruined site of Derry in May 1600. Fighting continued until 1603.
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enemies of excessive "leniency" towards the Irish would have astonished the Irish themselves, thousands of whom are said to have died, directly or indirectly, as a result of his actions. As
Treasurer of War, he had his critics, but he also enjoyed an enviable reputation for being diligent, conscientious and upright, if rather slow in conducting business.
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commended him to the Lord Deputy of
Ireland for his care and diligence in carrying out his duties. His one serious fault as Treasurer, it was generally agreed, was his exceptional slowness in compiling his accounts. In his last years, he admitted to finding the burden of office almost unbearable, and
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of wisdom and prudence, a pillar of battle and conflict". He showed considerable skill in negotiating with the Irish clans of Ulster, and was known for fomenting quarrels among them to strengthen the Crown's position. Historians have remarked that the accusations made against Docwra by his political
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eventually decided not to trouble the Queen with his letters, and so far as possible, he was simply ignored. He took the appointment of a Muster Master for Derry without his approval or advice being asked as a personal insult, quarrelling bitterly with
Humphrey Covet, the first Master, and even more
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Throughout his career in Ulster, he showed remarkable skill in fostering divisions in the leading Irish clans, and he gained the support of several prominent Irish chieftains, including members of the dominant O'Neill and O'Donnell clans. His most notable diplomatic coup was to win for the Crown, at
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Despite his title, he was a comparatively poor man, partly because he had not been given the office of Vice-Treasurer of
Ireland, which had previously been associated with the office of Treasurer of War, and thus Docrwa's income was half what he might have expected. Assurances of a grant of lands
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but died without issue. Little is known of him except that he was obliged to sell his
Ranelagh estate and was living in poverty when he died in England in 1647: since his brother Henry had predeceased him, the title became extinct. The 1st Baron also had three daughters, Anne, Frances, who died
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The
Docwras seem to have lacked influential relatives, and this was to be a considerable difficulty to Henry throughout his career, in an age when family connections were of great importance. Henry did inherit some lands in Berkshire, which he sold around 1615 to finance his hoped-for return to
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His decade-long campaign to return to government employment, preferably in
Ireland, finally bore fruit. In 1616, following the recall of Lord Deputy Chichester, with whom he had been on bad terms, he was made Treasurer of War for Ireland and returned to live there. In 1621 he was raised to the
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In his private life, he had a reputation for being honest, public-spirited, and a man of independent judgment. In religious matters he is said, by the standards of the time, to have been tolerant enough. While there is no doubt that
English troops who were under his command killed a number of
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Docwra had hoped that his services to the Crown in the Nine Years' War would produce rich rewards, and he seems to have set his heart on being created Lord
President of Ulster; but he had never been popular, even it seems with his own soldiers. His career was further damaged by a quarrel with
655:, and the O'Doherty rebellion, the English Crown no longer saw any advantage in conciliating the chieftains of Ulster: Docwra's Irish allies were ruined, and many of them, including Donnell O'Cahan, Niall Garve O'Donnell, and his son Neachtain, died as prisoners in the
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forts, each with a strong earthen rampart, surrounded by a ditch, at the three sites of
Culmore, Derry and Dunnalong. He engaged in several skirmishes with the Irish, reportedly winning their admiration for his courage and cunning, and was severely wounded by
552:. Niall was, in the short term, persuaded to trust in the promise of further rewards from the Crown. Clearly, his loyalty could not be depended on for much longer, but then Docwra had never had any trust in the permanent loyalty of the Gaelic chiefs.
651:. Docwra's policy of seeking to conciliate the leading Gaelic nobles of Ulster was now utterly discredited. He was accused of neglect of duty and undue leniency towards the native Irish, and retired to England in temporary disgrace. Following the
719:. After his death all his colleagues praised him as "an honest man who died poor". As Treasurer he avoided the temptation, to which so many of his contemporaries succumbed, of using his office to enrich himself; in 1618 the
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Docwra's reputation as "the founder of Derry" rests on his early attempts to develop Derry as a city, although in the short term his efforts came to nothing, as the nascent settlement was burnt to the ground in 1608.
441:, although they were later to quarrel over Docwra's policy in Ulster. His biographer remarks that if he was not highly regarded as a politician, Docwra did at least have the true politician's instinct for survival.
754:. His fellow Irish councillors sent a petition to their English colleagues, praising him as "an excellent civil servant", who died (relatively) poor, and recommended his widow and surviving children to their care.
502:. However, in his early months in Ulster, he showed a certain timidity, which damaged his reputation with the English government. In particular, he was criticised for concentrating his men at Derry, where an
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Lady Docwra of Culmore outlived her husband and both of her sons, and survived till 1648: like her elder son, she was living in a state of some poverty in her later years, despite receiving a legacy from
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in February 1601. Docwra, who had prudently remained in Ireland throughout the crisis, was not suspected of any part in Essex's plotting, and he quickly gained the confidence of Essex's successor as
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414:. He took no part in Essex's controversial negotiations with Hugh O'Neill, who was the overall Irish leader during the Nine Years' War. These negotiations produced a set of terms called the
410:, acting as his chief adviser on Irish military affairs. During Essex's disastrous attempts to pacify Ireland, Docwra was mainly occupied with attempting to subdue the O'Byrne clan in
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that he had been unfairly accused of incompetence, and of his meagre rewards for his services to the Crown: in particular, he complained of the failure to make him Lord President of
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in that of 1572. He was later obliged by financial difficulties to sell Chamberhouse. The family's money troubles may be the reason why his son pursued a military career.
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Docwra was beginning to tire of life in Ireland, although he did not return to England until 1608. In 1606 he was bought out of his public offices by
242:, into a minor gentry family, the Docwras (there are several variant spellings of the name, including Dockwra and Dowkra), who came originally from
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and France, Docwra, who was still only in his early twenties, was sent by the English Crown to Ireland in about 1584. He was made the constable of
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218:(1564 โ 18 April 1631), was a leading English-born soldier and statesman in early seventeenth-century Ireland. He is often called "the founder of
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in March 1603. The military campaign is said to have been one of exceptional savagery, resulting in the death of thousands of Irish civilians.
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in the east of County Donegal, but seems to have had no surviving issue, and secondly, as his third wife, Sir Henry Brooke of
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Lord Docwra of Culmore died on 18 April 1631 in Dublin, shortly after retiring from his public offices, and was buried in
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The winter of 1600/1601 was spent in further military expeditions, and in negotiations with the Irish. In 1602 he secured
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324:. He was unable to subdue the Burke clan, the dominant political force in Mayo, and the campaign ended inconclusively.
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This window is the only memorial in the city to a man who might well claim credit for founding the modern city.
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As a soldier Docwra was brave, skilful and ruthless; even the Irish reportedly admired him as "an illustrious
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Docwra left Ireland around 1590. Like many ambitious young courtiers of the time, he entered the service of
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747:. Docwra was the only one to vote "guilty", and Dunboyne was duly acquitted by 14 votes to 1.
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by Essex in person for his "acts of valour". The following year he saw military service under
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after Butler had killed his cousin, James Prendergast, in a quarrel over the right of
787:. Elizabeth married firstly in 1640 Andrew Wilson of Wilson's Fort, Killynure, near
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In 1599, to his "unspeakable contentment", he was sent back to Ireland to serve with
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824:, his biographer argues that Docwra neither ordered nor approved of these killings.
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worth ยฃ5000 came to nothing, although he did later receive some further lands in
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was raging: so many fell sick that his effective force was reduced to 800 men.
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During his retirement in England, Sir Henry Docwra protested bitterly to King
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The Cessation led quickly to Essex's disgrace, and this, in turn, caused his
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empowered him to hold markets and a fair. It was his duty to appoint the
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Kelly, Billy (2009). "THE GUILDHALL: Derry's Museum in Glass".
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After serving for some years as a professional soldier in the
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In April 1600 Docwra was given an army of 4200 men to subdue
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MP and his wife Dorothy Golding, daughter of John Golding of
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He married Anne Vaughan, daughter of Sir Francis Vaughan of
915:. Vol. 15. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 140.
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Some sources refer to his mother as Marjorie Puttenham.
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c. 1607 is one of the earliest known images of the city
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He was (as far as is known) the only surviving son of
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1084:, vol.3 eds. Moody, Martin and Byrne (OUP 1991) p.196
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young, and Elizabeth. Anne married Captain Shore of
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is a valuable source of information for the period.
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He had to be content with being appointed the first
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English people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585โ1604)
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English military personnel of the Eighty Years' War
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Sir Henry Docwra 1564โ1631 โ Derry's Second Founder
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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316:, in 1586. Bingham besieged Annis Castle near
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222:", due to his role in establishing the city.
27:Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman (1564โ1631)
372:. He did not take part in Essex's ill-fated
71:"Henry Docwra, 1st Baron Docwra of Culmore"
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533:, who made his submission to Mountjoy at
216:Henry Docwra, 1st Baron Docwra of Culmore
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
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150:Detail of a stained glass window in the
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1195:Peers of Ireland created by James I
1012:edited by William P. Kelly 2003 p.2
643:in 1608, O'Doherty's foster-father
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284:in the Parliament of 1571, and for
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601:and Culmore'. The city's first
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1142:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
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961:Royal Berkshire History
599:Governor of Londonderry
523:Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan
1082:New History of Ireland
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645:Phelim Reagh MacDavitt
583:Lord Deputy of Ireland
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540:On the death of Queen
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435:Lord Deputy of Ireland
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348:in 1591-2, and in the
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1138:McGurk, John (2007).
906:"Docwra, Henry"
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615:justices of the peace
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512:Niall Garve O'Donnell
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352:in 1596 where he was
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1200:People from Thatcham
801:the 1st Earl of Cork
581:, the strong-minded
492:Black Hugh O'Donnell
163:The founder of Derry
56:improve this article
993:Elizabeth the Queen
745:Irish feudal barony
653:Flight of the Earls
457:, and proceeded to
174:Crookham, Berkshire
1151:Peerage of Ireland
1101:, p. 242-248.
1010:Docwra's Narrative
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546:Earl of Tyrconnell
527:County Londonderry
496:Red Hugh O'Donnell
445:Conquest of Ulster
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376:expedition to the
370:Battle of Turnhout
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152:Guildhall in Derry
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392:Return to Ireland
362:Maurice of Nassau
342:war against Spain
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54:Please help
49:verification
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18:Henry Docwra
1220:1631 deaths
1215:1564 births
1123:McGurk 2007
1111:McGurk 2007
1099:McGurk 2007
1070:McGurk 2007
1058:McGurk 2007
1046:McGurk 2007
1034:McGurk 2007
1022:McGurk 2007
980:McGurk 2007
939:McGurk 2007
741:inheritance
697:Dublin city
542:Elizabeth I
475:River Foyle
427:Elizabeth I
406:during the
322:County Mayo
302:Netherlands
286:New Windsor
160:Nickname(s)
1184:Categories
1168:1621โ1631
828:References
701:Donnybrook
318:Ballinrobe
280:as MP for
271:translator
226:Background
82:newspapers
833:Citations
807:Character
785:Fermanagh
768:Yorkshire
681:Narrative
677:Narrative
630:Inishowen
535:Mellifont
463:Inishowen
423:rebellion
416:Cessation
380:in 1597.
314:Connaught
306:Dungarvan
282:Aylesbury
244:Yorkshire
240:Berkshire
206:Spouse(s)
189:, Ireland
176:, England
859:40588462
772:Barmston
693:Ranelagh
613:and the
611:recorder
607:sheriffs
519:Dungiven
504:epidemic
439:Mountjoy
354:knighted
263:Halstead
236:Thatcham
232:Crookham
1132:Sources
963:, 2003.
822:priests
689:peerage
669:James I
639:During
603:charter
595:provost
487:bastion
459:Culmore
431:traitor
366:Brabant
234:, near
96:scholar
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378:Azores
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729:peers
597:and '
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220:Derry
103:JSTOR
89:books
735:for
181:Died
171:1564
168:Born
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