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Eduard Hanslick

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Hanslick's tastes were conservative; in his memoirs he said that for him musical history really began with Mozart and culminated in Beethoven, Schumann and Brahms. He is best remembered today for his critical advocacy of Brahms as against the school of Wagner, an episode in 19th century music history
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as inimical to the nature of music, which he thought to be expressive solely by virtue of its form, and not through any extra-musical associations. On the other hand, he referred to extra-musicality when he asked, "When you play Chopin's mazurkas, do you not feel the mournful and oppressive air of
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Hanslick is noted as one of the first widely influential music critics. While his aesthetics and his criticism are typically considered separately, they are importantly connected. Hanslick was an outspoken opponent of the music of Liszt and Wagner, which broke down traditional musical forms as a
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means of communicating something extra-musical. His opposition to "the music of the future" is congruent with his aesthetics of music: the meaning of music is the form of music. It is along these lines that Hanslick became one of Brahms's champions and often pitted him against Wagner.
387:), which started as an attack on the Wagnerian aesthetic and established itself as an influential text, subsequently going through many editions and translations in several languages. Other targets for Hanslick's heavy criticism were 302:, Wagner attacked Hanslick as 'of gracefully concealed Jewish origin', and asserted that his supposedly Jewish style of criticism was anti-German. It is sometimes claimed that Wagner caricatured Hanslick in his opera 2909: 369:
Being a close friend of Brahms from 1862, Hanslick possibly had some influence on Brahms's composing, often getting to hear new music before it was published. Hanslick saw Wagner's reliance on dramatics and
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Hanslick replied to this attack that "my father and all his ancestors were of Catholic peasant stock and came, moreover, from a region where Jews were known only as peddlers."
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Eduard Hanslick, "Censur und Kunst-Kritik," Wiener Zeitung, 24 March 1848, republished in his Sämtliche Schriften, vol 1, part 1, p. 157, Ed. Dietmar Strauß
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and obtained a degree in that field, but his amateur study of music eventually led to writing music reviews for small town newspapers, then the
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Nicole Grimes et al., ed., Rethinking Hanslick: Music, Formalism, and Expression, University of Rochester Press, 2013
569: 379:?" (Hanslick 1848, p. 157). The theoretical framework of Hanslick's criticism is expounded in his book of 1854, 304: 3310: 938: 286: 3295: 3280: 3275: 2790: 2483: 1670: 1381: 1706: 1346: 1190: 1010: 711: 703: 2468: 2393: 1992: 400: 358: 3315: 3092: 3019: 1541: 1301: 1151: 998: 677: 408: 944: 920: 132: 3127: 2618: 2448: 1831: 748: 615: 376: 298: 2325: 1874: 1837: 1715: 1685: 986: 2603: 3330: 2979: 2763: 2164: 2035: 1402: 1163: 396: 17: 2518: 736:
Ambros Wilhelmer, "Der junge Hanslick. Sein 'Intermezzo' in Klagenfurt 1850-1852". Klagenfurt 1959
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led in 1870 to a full professorship in history and aesthetic of music and later to a doctorate
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Ludvová, Jitka. Dokonalý antiwagnerián Eduard Hanslick. Paměti/Fejetony/Kritiky (Praha 1992).
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as the carping critic Beckmesser (whose name was originally to be Veit Hanslich).
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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
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Eduard Hanslick, "Geschichte des Konzertwesens in Wien", 2 vol. Vienna 1869–70
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from 1864 until the end of his life. His best known work, the 1854 treatise
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for much of his career. As such, he sided with and promoted the faction of
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Eduard Hanslick, "Suite. Aufsätze über Musik und Musiker". Vienna 1884
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and outlines much of his artistic and philosophical beliefs on music.
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and historian. Among the leading critics of his time, he was the
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Eduard Hanslick, "Die moderne Oper", 9 vol. Berlin 1875–1900
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Eduard Hanslick, "Vom Musikalisch-Schönen". Leipzig 1854 (
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Eduard Hanslick, "Aus meinem Leben", 2 vol. Berlin 1894
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The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
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Grave of Dr. Eduard Hanslick, Zentralfriedhof, Vienna
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In 1869, in a revised edition of his essay 2165: 905: 2890:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 3341:Academic staff of the University of Vienna 3301:Austrian people of German Bohemian descent 2172: 2158: 912: 898: 802: 745:Wagner's Musical Prose: Texts and Contexts 418: 259:In 1854 he published his influential book 40: 800:University of Toronto Music Library  701: 593: 545: 533: 521: 330: 250: 645:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12341 46:Portrait of Hanslick, published in 1894 14: 3336:Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery 3248: 729: 668: 609: 581: 509: 497: 2153: 893: 311:Hanslick's unpaid lectureship at the 3202: 767:. Kurze Geschichte einer Feindschaft 742: 622: 562:The Life of Richard Wagner, volume 3 485: 335:Eduard Hanslick offering incense to 3346:19th-century Austrian musicologists 885:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 876:University of Toronto Music Library 24: 3266:Musicologists from Austria-Hungary 3261:Music critics from Austria-Hungary 723: 187: 25: 3357: 3256:Scholars from the Austrian Empire 863:Works by or about Eduard Hanslick 780: 326: 27:Austrian music critic (1825–1904) 3271:Journalists from Austria-Hungary 3228: 3211: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3135: 3108: 771:Österreichische Musikzeitschrift 2179: 732:for an extensive bibliography 692:10.1093/OBO/9780199757824-0014 551: 456: 305:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg 244:; here Hanslick also met with 13: 1: 2106: 1586: 921:Chief classical music critics 444: 3020:Aestheticization of politics 1046:Arthur Johnstone (1896–1904) 1043:George Fremantle (1867–1895) 845:How to use archival material 662:UK public library membership 469: 192:Eduard Hanslick was born in 7: 10: 3362: 3286:Austrian music journalists 749:Cambridge University Press 616:Princeton University Press 603: 359:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 285:(who dedicated to him his 147:On the Musically Beautiful 3291:Charles University alumni 3088: 3012: 2861: 2634: 2341: 2253: 2187: 2091: 2060: 2018: 1974: 1925: 1888: 1851: 1814: 1777: 1733: 1716:The Sydney Morning Herald 1442: 1391: 1323: 1248: 1173: 1128: 1089: 1032: 960: 927: 827: 819: 811: 796: 702:Hanslick, Eduard (1963). 385:On the Beautiful in Music 261:On the Beautiful in Music 149:), was a landmark in the 94: 76: 51: 39: 32: 2036:Henry Sutherland Edwards 854:Works by Eduard Hanslick 623:Grey, Thomas S. (2001). 449: 3311:Classical music critics 3040:Evolutionary aesthetics 2990:The Aesthetic Dimension 2094:New York Herald Tribune 2005:Charles Lewis Gruneisen 1891:San Francisco Chronicle 1476:Frederick Grant Gleason 1185:William James Henderson 983:Robin Legge (1906–1931) 708:Music Criticism 1846-99 697:(subscription required) 684:Oxford University Press 669:Grimes, Nicole (2015). 637:Oxford University Press 610:Frisch, Walter (1990). 419:Works (German editions) 381:Vom Musikalisch-Schönen 143:Vom Musikalisch-Schönen 3296:German Bohemian people 3281:Austrian musicologists 3276:Austrian music critics 2970:Avant-Garde and Kitsch 2920:Lectures on Aesthetics 1656:William Barclay Squire 1635:San Francisco Examiner 1417:(1995–1999, 2001–2008) 344: 256: 3115:Philosophy portal 1984:The Morning Chronicle 1433:Michael Andor Brodeur 1335:James William Davison 773:67 (2012), p.. 14–21. 743:Grey, Thomas (1995). 678:Oxford Bibliographies 348:sometimes called the 334: 254: 3060:Philosophy of design 2940:In Praise of Shadows 2930:The Critic as Artist 1955:Desmond Shawe-Taylor 1869:Desmond Shawe-Taylor 1695:The Sunday Telegraph 1359:A. 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Introduction by 632:Grove Music Online 626:"Hanslick, Eduard" 345: 257: 238:to hear his opera 172:in the so-called " 162:programmatic music 133:chief music critic 3123: 3122: 3075:Psychology of art 2950:Art as Experience 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2118:(1923-late 1930s) 2087: 2086: 2063:Neue Freie Presse 2056: 2055: 2014: 2013: 1970: 1969: 1921: 1920: 1884: 1883: 1847: 1846: 1810: 1809: 1773: 1772: 1450:The Baltimore Sun 1233:Anthony Tommasini 1146:Winthrop Sargeant 1113:Martin Bernheimer 1092:Los Angeles Times 1068:Edward Greenfield 939:Michael Steinberg 858:Project Gutenberg 850: 849: 839: 838: 672:"Eduard Hanslick" 660:(subscription or 654:978-1-56159-263-0 500:, "Introduction". 223:Neue Freie Presse 214:Prague University 138:Neue Freie Presse 118: 117: 62:11 September 1825 16:(Redirected from 3353: 3241: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3224: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3204: 3188: 3187: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3131: 3113: 3112: 3111: 3005: 2995: 2985: 2975: 2965: 2955: 2945: 2935: 2925: 2915: 2905: 2895: 2885: 2875: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2151: 2150: 2111: 2110: 1880–1923 2108: 2103:Henry E Krehbiel 2089: 2088: 2058: 2057: 2021:The Morning Post 2016: 2015: 1979: 1978: 1928:The Sunday Times 1923: 1922: 1906:Robert Commanday 1886: 1885: 1849: 1848: 1812: 1811: 1775: 1774: 1752:Stephen Stratton 1738: 1737: 1591: 1590: 2009–2012 1588: 1583:Edward Seckerson 1527:Barry Millington 1515:Evening Standard 1421:Philip Kennicott 1411:(mid-1970s–1995) 1382:Richard Morrison 1221:Edward Rothstein 930:The Boston Globe 914: 907: 900: 891: 890: 867:Internet Archive 835: 807: 806: 794: 793: 785: 784: 758:Christian Jung: 752: 719: 704:Pleasants, Henry 698: 695: 674: 665: 658: 628: 619: 597: 591: 585: 579: 573: 555: 549: 543: 537: 531: 525: 519: 513: 507: 501: 495: 489: 483: 463: 460: 83: 61: 59: 44: 30: 29: 21: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3331:Wagner scholars 3246: 3245: 3244: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3203:sister projects 3200:at Knowledge's 3198:Eduard Hanslick 3194: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3166:Classical music 3160: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3084: 3008: 3003: 2993: 2983: 2980:Critical Essays 2973: 2963: 2953: 2943: 2933: 2923: 2913: 2903: 2893: 2883: 2873: 2857: 2630: 2544:Ortega y Gasset 2337: 2249: 2183: 2178: 2148: 2139: 2116:Lawrence Gilman 2109: 2083: 2078:Julius Korngold 2072:Eduard Hanslick 2052: 2010: 1966: 1917: 1880: 1843: 1806: 1769: 1743:Birmingham Post 1729: 1707:Michael Kennedy 1650:Saturday Review 1589: 1577:Bayan Northcott 1571:The Independent 1548:Ronald Crichton 1536:Financial Times 1464:Chicago Tribune 1438: 1409:Joseph McLellan 1387: 1341:Francis Hueffer 1319: 1296:Nicholas Kenyon 1244: 1227:Bernard Holland 1191:Richard Aldrich 1169: 1140:Robert A. 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1558: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542:Andrew Porter 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1521:Percy Scholes 1519: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1427:Anne Midgette 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1302:Andrew Porter 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1278:William Glock 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1266:Percy Scholes 1264: 1261: 1260:Ernest Newman 1258: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1215:Donal Henahan 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 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Cambridge: 746: 741: 738: 735: 734: 733: 731: 717: 716:Penguin Books 713: 709: 705: 700: 693: 689: 685: 681: 679: 673: 667: 663: 656: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633: 627: 621: 617: 614:. Princeton: 613: 608: 607: 595: 594:Hanslick 1963 590: 583: 578: 571: 570:0-521-29096-1 567: 563: 559: 554: 548:, p. 12. 547: 546:Hanslick 1963 542: 536:, p. 13. 535: 534:Hanslick 1963 530: 524:, p. 11. 523: 522:Hanslick 1963 518: 511: 506: 499: 494: 487: 482: 480: 475: 459: 455: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 423: 422: 416: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 372:word painting 367: 365: 361: 360: 355: 352:. The critic 351: 342: 338: 333: 324: 322: 318: 317:honoris causa 314: 309: 307: 306: 301: 300: 295: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 267: 262: 253: 249: 247: 243: 242: 237: 233: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 196:(then in the 195: 185: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 154: 152: 148: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 99: 97: 93: 89: 80:6 August 1904 79: 75: 71: 67: 54: 50: 43: 38: 31: 19: 3235: 3223:from Commons 3218: 3197: 2998: 2988: 2978: 2948: 2938: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2888: 2878: 2868: 2815: 2791:Magnificence 2773: 2623: 2589:Schopenhauer 2463: 2424:Coomaraswamy 2342:Philosophers 2330: 2261:Aestheticism 2092: 2071: 2061: 2047:Francis Toye 2019: 1982: 1975:Discontinued 1961:David Cairns 1926: 1889: 1863:W. J. Turner 1852: 1815: 1801:Noël Goodwin 1789:Francis Toye 1778: 1741: 1722:Roger Covell 1714: 1701:John Warrack 1693: 1678: 1665:The Scotsman 1663: 1648: 1633: 1612: 1597: 1569: 1555: 1534: 1513: 1506:Mosco Carner 1500:Evening News 1498: 1483: 1462: 1452:(2000–2019) 1435:(since 2020) 1405:(1946–1982.) 1392: 1384:(since 1992) 1370:William Mann 1353:H. C. Colles 1324: 1316:(since 2008) 1251:The Observer 1249: 1241:(since 2022) 1174: 1129: 1121:(since 1996) 1090: 1035:The Guardian 1033: 1025:(since 2009) 974:(1855?–1870) 961: 945:Richard Dyer 928: 884: 770: 759: 744: 727: 707: 676: 630: 611: 589: 577: 561: 553: 541: 529: 517: 505: 493: 458: 413: 384: 380: 368: 357: 354:Richard Pohl 346: 316: 310: 303: 297: 264: 260: 258: 239: 221: 217: 191: 155: 146: 142: 136: 129:aesthetician 125:music critic 120: 119: 107:aesthetician 102:Music critic 82:(1904-08-06) 3326:1904 deaths 3321:1825 births 2884:(c. 335 BC) 2874:(c. 390 BC) 2853:Work of art 2806:Picturesque 2662:Avant-garde 2619:Winckelmann 2494:Kierkegaard 2419:Collingwood 2389:Baudrillard 2316:Romanticism 2286:Historicism 2220:Mathematics 2136:(1963–1968) 2130:(1954–1963) 2124:(1940–1954) 2080:(1904–1934) 2074:(1864–1904) 2049:(1925–1937) 2043:(1892–1908) 2032:(1849–1865) 2007:(1845–1853) 2001:(1834–1844) 1995:(1816–1826) 1963:(1983–1992) 1957:(1958–1983) 1951:(1920–1959) 1945:(1881–1901) 1939:(1865–1870) 1914:(1993–2024) 1908:(1964–1993) 1902:(1934–1964) 1877:(1959–1967) 1871:(1945–1958) 1865:(1915–1940) 1840:(1945–1948) 1834:(1933–1945) 1832:Edwin Evans 1828:(1911–1933) 1803:(1965–1978) 1797:(1947–1952) 1791:(1922–1925) 1766:(1931–1946) 1760:(1906–1919) 1754:(1877–1906) 1709:(1989–2005) 1703:(1961–1972) 1673:(1992–1998) 1671:Mary Miller 1658:(1888–1894) 1643:(1977–1981) 1628:(1926–1928) 1622:(1881–1924) 1607:(1976–1993) 1579:(1986–2009) 1563:Paul Bekker 1550:(1972–1978) 1544:(1953–1972) 1523:(1913–1920) 1508:(1957–1961) 1493:(1846–1866) 1478:(1884–1889) 1472:(1861–1881) 1429:(2008–2019) 1423:(1999–2001) 1378:(1982–1992) 1372:(1960–1982) 1366:(1943–1960) 1364:Frank Howes 1355:(1911–1943) 1349:(1889–1911) 1343:(1879–1889) 1337:(1846–1879) 1310:(2000–2008) 1304:(1992–1996) 1298:(1986–1992) 1292:(1955–1987) 1286:(1949–1953) 1280:(1939–1945) 1274:(1925–1939) 1268:(1920–1925) 1235:(2000–2021) 1229:(1995–2000) 1223:(1991–1995) 1217:(1980–1991) 1211:(1960–1980) 1205:(1955–1960) 1199:(1924–1955) 1197:Olin Downes 1193:(1902–1923) 1187:(1887–1902) 1160:(1992–1996) 1154:(1972–1992) 1148:(1949–1972) 1142:(1925–1948) 1115:(1965–1996) 1109:(1947–1965) 1103:(1925–1947) 1076:(1999–2003) 1074:Tom Service 1070:(1977–1993) 1064:(1927–1940) 1058:(1906–1927) 1052:(1905–1906) 1023:Ivan Hewett 1019:(1995–2009) 1013:(1986–2005) 1007:(1976–1985) 1001:(1954–1976) 995:(1933–1954) 989:(1911–1932) 980:(1870–1906) 953:(2006–2024) 947:(1976–2006) 941:(1964–1976) 815:CA OTUFM 32 812:Identifiers 788:Archives at 730:Grimes 2015 582:Frisch 1990 510:Grimes 2015 498:Grimes 2015 397:Tchaikovsky 271:Franz Liszt 178:Franz Liszt 95:Occupations 3306:Czech Jews 3250:Categories 3237:Quotations 2823:Recreation 2801:Perception 2694:Creativity 2394:Baumgarten 2384:Baudelaire 2266:Classicism 2181:Aesthetics 1875:David Drew 1838:Ralph Hill 1817:Daily Mail 1686:Ralph Hill 1485:Daily News 714:. London: 682:. Oxford: 635:. Oxford: 445:References 294:piano duet 241:Tannhäuser 58:1825-09-11 3154:Biography 2828:Reverence 2734:Eroticism 2704:Depiction 2677:Masculine 2579:Santayana 2539:Nietzsche 2484:Hutcheson 2474:Heidegger 2459:Greenberg 2414:Coleridge 2379:Balthasar 2364:Aristotle 2326:Theosophy 2321:Symbolism 2296:Modernism 2281:Formalism 2134:Alan Rich 2128:Paul Lang 1764:Eric Blom 1456:Tim Smith 1403:Paul Hume 1326:The Times 1284:Eric Blom 1164:Alex Ross 1119:Mark Swed 823:1981-2001 664:required) 486:Grey 2001 470:Citations 393:Hugo Wolf 356:, of the 279:Beethoven 266:Lohengrin 232:Marienbad 111:historian 3103:Category 3035:Axiology 2904:(c. 500) 2894:(c. 100) 2769:Judgment 2724:Emotions 2719:Elegance 2699:Cuteness 2672:Feminine 2635:Concepts 2604:Tanizaki 2584:Schiller 2569:Richards 2559:Rancière 2529:Maritain 2464:Hanslick 2404:Benjamin 2276:Feminism 2245:Theology 2225:Medieval 2215:Japanese 2210:Internet 1415:Tim Page 797:Location 765:Hanslick 18:Hanslick 3142:Austria 3128:Portals 3098:Outline 3013:Related 2880:Poetics 2848:Tragedy 2838:Sublime 2811:Quality 2796:Mimesis 2754:Harmony 2739:Fashion 2714:Ecstasy 2709:Disgust 2625:more... 2594:Scruton 2519:Lyotard 2454:Goodman 2434:Deleuze 2369:Aquinas 2359:Alberti 2332:more... 2311:Realism 2291:Marxism 2271:Fascism 2254:Schools 2240:Science 2195:Ancient 1688:(1940s) 1529:(2000s) 865:at the 706:(ed.). 680:: Music 604:Sources 572:, p.199 292:39 for 236:Dresden 135:of the 3004:(2009) 2994:(1977) 2984:(1946) 2974:(1939) 2964:(1935) 2954:(1934) 2944:(1933) 2934:(1891) 2924:(1835) 2914:(1757) 2781:Kitsch 2759:Humour 2689:Comedy 2667:Beauty 2609:Vasari 2599:Tagore 2574:Ruskin 2514:Lukács 2504:Langer 2449:Goethe 2374:Balázs 2354:Adorno 2235:Nature 2200:Africa 1443:Others 1262:(1919) 828:Source 769:. In: 761:Wagner 651:  568:  343:, 1890 341:Figaro 337:Brahms 275:Mozart 206:Vienna 202:Jewish 194:Prague 66:Prague 3220:Media 3190:Opera 3178:Music 3093:Index 2862:Works 2843:Taste 2833:Style 2614:Wilde 2554:Plato 2549:Pater 2509:Lipps 2469:Hegel 2439:Dewey 2429:Danto 2409:Burke 2230:Music 2205:India 2188:Areas 820:Dates 450:Notes 395:. Of 321:Baden 160:over 2817:Rasa 2775:Kama 2749:Gaze 2684:Camp 2564:Rand 2499:Klee 2489:Kant 2479:Hume 2399:Bell 763:und 728:See 649:ISBN 566:ISBN 391:and 375:the 290:opus 180:and 168:and 77:Died 52:Born 2744:Fun 2524:Man 2444:Fry 874:at 856:at 688:doi 641:doi 399:'s 366:". 230:in 184:. 3252:: 2972:" 2962:" 2932:" 2107:c. 1587:c. 883:, 686:. 675:. 647:. 639:. 629:. 560:. 478:^ 411:. 323:. 277:, 248:. 127:, 68:, 3206:: 3130:: 2968:" 2958:" 2928:" 2173:e 2166:t 2159:v 2112:) 2105:( 1592:) 1585:( 913:e 906:t 899:v 751:. 718:. 694:. 690:: 657:. 643:: 618:. 488:. 428:) 383:( 145:( 60:) 56:( 20:)

Index

Hanslick

Prague
Austrian Empire
Baden, Austria
Music critic
aesthetician
music critic
aesthetician
chief music critic
Neue Freie Presse
aesthetics of music
absolute music
programmatic music
Robert Schumann
Johannes Brahms
War of the Romantics
Franz Liszt
Richard Wagner
Prague
Austrian Empire
Jewish
Vienna
Václav Tomášek
Prague University
Neue Freie Presse
Richard Wagner
Marienbad
Dresden
Tannhäuser

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