1010:
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320:
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83:
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93:
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63:
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1705:. The propellant mixture above is one of the most predictable and stable, with a flat pressure profile during firing. Misfires are usually caused by inadequate ignition. The movement of the shell after a mis-ignition causes a large bubble with a larger ignition surface area, and the greater rate of gas production causes very high pressure, sometimes including catastrophic tube failures (i.e. explosions). From January–June 1991, the
2248:(PPE). Guidelines for hydrazine PPE include non-permeable gloves and clothing, indirect-vent splash resistant goggles, face shield and in some cases a respirator. The use of respirators for the handling of hydrazine should be the last resort as a method of controlling worker exposure. In cases where respirators are needed, proper respirator selection and a complete respiratory protection program consistent with
1296:
2260:
process for decontaminating protective clothing. The guidance also assigns responsibilities and requirements for proper PPE, employee training, medical surveillance and emergency response. USAF bases requiring the use of hydrazine generally have specific base regulations governing local requirements for safe hydrazine use and emergency response.
2135:
organ damage to the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. Hydrazine is documented as a strong skin sensitizer with potential for cross-sensitization to hydrazine derivatives following initial exposure. In addition to occupational uses reviewed above, exposure to hydrazine is also possible in small amounts from tobacco smoke.
2259:
personnel, Air Force
Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Standard 48-8, Attachment 8 reviews the considerations for occupational exposure to hydrazine in missile, aircraft and spacecraft systems. Specific guidance for exposure response includes mandatory emergency shower and eyewash stations and a
1724:
reconnaissance aircraft. The single jet engine F-16 utilizes hydrazine to power its
Emergency Power Unit (EPU), which provides emergency electrical and hydraulic power in the event of an engine flame out. The EPU activates automatically, or manually by pilot control, in the event of loss of hydraulic
2240:
recommends surveillance summaries and education be provided for supervisors and workers. Pre-placement and periodic medical screening should be conducted with specific focus on potential effects of hydrazine upon functioning of the eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, hematopoietic, nervous and respiratory
2134:
Hydrazine exposure can cause skin irritation/contact dermatitis and burning, irritation to the eyes/nose/throat, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, headache, dizziness, central nervous system depression, lethargy, temporary blindness, seizures and coma. Exposure can also cause
2227:
Committee on
Toxicology, which is utilized for non-routine exposures of the general public and is called the Short-Term Public Emergency Exposure Guideline (SPEGL). The SPEGL, which does not apply to occupational exposures, is defined as the acceptable peak concentration for unpredicted, single,
2150:
The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) rates hydrazine as "2A—probably carcinogenic to humans" with a positive association observed between hydrazine exposure and lung cancer. Based on cohort and cross-sectional studies of occupational hydrazine exposure, a committee from the
1033:
1008:
2174:
also recommends anyone with potential hydrazine exposure to seek medical attention as soon as possible. There are no specific post-exposure laboratory or medical imaging recommendations, and the medical work-up may depend on the type and severity of symptoms. The
1725:
pressure or electrical power in order to provide emergency flight controls. The single jet engine U-2 utilizes hydrazine to power its
Emergency Starting System (ESS), which provides a highly reliable method to restart the engine in flight in the event of a stall.
2215:
The odor threshold for hydrazine is 3.7 ppm, thus if a worker is able to smell an ammonia-like odor then they are likely over the exposure limit. However, this odor threshold varies greatly and should not be used to determine potentially hazardous exposures.
1432:
to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion. As of 2000, approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year.
2860:
in water boilers and heating systems. It also directly reduces salts of less active metals (e.g., bismuth, arsenic, copper, mercury, silver, lead, platinum, and palladium) to the element. That property has commercial application in
2580:
is the predecessor to the peroxide process. It employs sodium hypochlorite as oxidant instead of hydrogen peroxide. Like all hypochlorite-based routes, this method produces an equivalent of salt for each equivalent of hydrazine.
3253:
had produced hydrazine sulfate by treating organic diazides with dilute sulfuric acid; however, he was unable to obtain pure hydrazine, despite repeated efforts. Pure anhydrous hydrazine was first prepared by the Dutch chemist
1026:
2163:(SCOEL) places hydrazine in carcinogen "group B—a genotoxic carcinogen". The genotoxic mechanism the committee cited references hydrazine's reaction with endogenous formaldehyde and formation of a DNA-methylating agent.
1978:(the catalyst chamber can reach 800 °C in a matter of milliseconds,) and they produce large volumes of hot gas from a small volume of liquid, making hydrazine a fairly efficient thruster propellant with a vacuum
2146:
grades hydrazine as "A3—confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans". The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) grades it as "B2—a probable human carcinogen based on animal study evidence".
2155:, Engineering and Medicine concluded that there is suggestive evidence of an association between hydrazine exposure and lung cancer, with insufficient evidence of association with cancer at other sites. The
902:
2179:(WHO) recommends potential exposures be treated symptomatically with special attention given to potential lung and liver damage. Past cases of hydrazine exposure have documented success with pyridoxine (
4854:
Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, Kohlhaas KA, Kleinhammes A, Jia Y, Wu Y, Nguyen ST, Ruoff RS (2007). "Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide".
3916:
Chen X, Zhang T, Xia L, Li T, Zheng M, Wu Z, Wang X, Wei Z, Xin Q, Li C (Apr 2002). "Catalytic
Decomposition of Hydrazine over Supported Molybdenum Nitride Catalysts in a Monopropellant Thruster".
1993:
that is dissociated in reaction 3; a higher temperature is desirable for rocket thrusters, while more molecules are desirable when the reactions are intended to produce greater quantities of gas.
3823:
854:
2170:
recommends removing contaminated clothing immediately, washing skin with soap and water, and for eye exposure removing contact lenses and flushing eyes with water for at least 15 minutes.
1986:
and reverts the effect of reaction 2 back to the same effect as reaction 1 alone (lower temperature, greater number of molecules). The catalyst structure affects the proportion of the
2228:
short-term emergency exposures of the general public and represents rare exposures in a worker's lifetime. For hydrazine the 1-hour SPEGL is 2 ppm, with a 24-hour SPEGL of 0.08 ppm.
1810:'s auxiliary power units (APUs). In addition, mono-propellant hydrazine-fueled rocket engines are often used in terminal descent of spacecraft. Such engines were used on the
1659:
catalysts. Because the fuel is liquid at room temperature, it can be handled and stored more easily than hydrogen. By storing the hydrazine in a tank full of a double-bonded
2094:
There are ongoing efforts in the aerospace industry to find a replacement for hydrazine, given its potential ban across the
European Union. Promising alternatives include
3582:
3167:
in the presence of base yields alkyl-substituted hydrazines, but the reaction is typically inefficient due to poor control on level of substitution (same as in ordinary
984:
3880:
Vieira R, Pham-Huu C, Kellera N, Ledouxa MJ (2002). "New carbon nanofiber/graphite felt composite for use as a catalyst support for hydrazine catalytic decomposition".
3013:
Being bifunctional, with two amines, hydrazine is a key building block for the preparation of many heterocyclic compounds via condensation with a range of difunctional
2160:
2236:
A complete surveillance programme for hydrazine should include systematic analysis of biologic monitoring, medical screening and morbidity/mortality information. The
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lists it as a "potential occupational carcinogen". The
National Toxicology Program (NTP) finds it is "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". The
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mission to Ceres and Vesta, and to both reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen in and control pH of water used in large industrial boilers. The
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conducted a review of early bulk-loaded liquid propellant gun programs for possible relevance to the electrothermal chemical propulsion program.
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Mitchell MC, Rakoff RW, Jobe TO, Sanchez DL, Wilson B (2007). "Thermodynamic analysis of equations of state for the monopropellant hydrazine".
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6367:
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The official U.S. guidance on hydrazine as a carcinogen is mixed but generally there is recognition of potential cancer-causing effects. The
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1982:
of about 220 seconds. Reaction 2 is the most exothermic, but produces a smaller number of molecules than that of reaction 1. Reaction 3 is
534:
2748:
Exposure to extremely strong bases or alkali metals generates deprotonated hydrazide salts. Most explode on exposure to air or moisture.
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Since hydrazine is a solid below 2 °C, it is not suitable as a general purpose rocket propellant for military applications. Other
2848:
Hydrazine is a convenient reductant because the by-products are typically nitrogen gas and water. This property makes it useful as an
2317:
with a torsion angle of 91(2)° (dihedral angle between the planes containing the N-N bond and the bisectors of the H-N-H angles). The
7261:
4084:
3702:"A Review of the Bulk-Loaded Liquid Propellant Gun Program for Possible Relevance to the Electrothermal Chemical Propulsion Program"
4628:
3712:
3369:
52:
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2356:–N single bond. The many routes can be divided into those that use chlorine oxidants (and generate salt) and those that do not.
2034:, also known as UDMH (melting point −57 °C). These derivatives are used in two-component rocket fuels, often together with
1564:
Hydrazine is a precursor to several pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Often these applications involve conversion of hydrazine to
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Kohata K, Fukuyama T, Kuchitsu K (March 1982). "Molecular structure of hydrazine as studied by gas electron diffraction".
2418:, which process creates the nitrogen-nitrogen single bond. This hydrazone condenses with one more equivalent of ketone.
3058:-alkylated phthalimide derivatives. This scission reaction allows phthalimide anion to be used as amine precursor in the
9295:
2061:
2368:(sometimes called Pechiney-Ugine-Kuhlmann process, the Atofina–PCUK cycle, or ketazine process). The net reaction is:
2336:
The structure of solid hydrazine was determined by X-ray diffraction. In this phase the N-N bond has a length of 1.46
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3544:
2050:
1304:
499:
3178:
In a related reaction, 2-cyanopyridines react with hydrazine to form amide hydrazides, which can be converted using
1439:
are a class of organic substances derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrazine by an organic group.
5752:
4699:
4059:
2876:. Some colour photographic processes also use a weak solution of hydrazine as a stabilising wash, as it scavenges
2364:
Hydrazine can be synthesized from ammonia and hydrogen peroxide with a ketone catalyst, in a procedure called the
1316:
6463:
5726:
4183:
2049:. A 50:50 mixture by weight of hydrazine and UDMH was used in the engine of the service propulsion system of the
2016:
2536:
can be oxidized instead of ammonia. Again sodium hypochlorite serves as the oxidant. The net reaction is shown:
1702:
92:
5448:
3070:
Illustrative of the condensation of hydrazine with a simple carbonyl is its reaction with acetone to give the
1674:. By then flushing the tank with warm water, the liquid hydrazine hydrate is released. Hydrazine has a higher
9275:
5107:
4272:
2352:
Diverse synthetic pathways for hydrazine production have been developed. The key step is the creation of the
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1706:
1019:
135:
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in 1875; he was trying to produce organic compounds that consisted of mono-substituted hydrazine. By 1887,
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315:
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893:
277:
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and unreacted silver halides. Hydrazine is the most common and effective reducing agent used to convert
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62:
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22:
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for the maneuvering (RCS/Reaction control system) thrusters of spacecraft, and was used to power the
327:
5299:[Diazo- and azo- compounds of alkanes. Fourth treatise. On hydrazine]. In Erdmann OL (ed.).
4924:
Gagnon B, Bruera E (May 1998). "A review of the drug treatment of cachexia associated with cancer".
1779:
9285:
9270:
5484:
5358:
Lobry de Bruyn CA (1894). "Sur l'hydrazine (diamide) libre" [On free hydrazine (diamide)].
3267:
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480:
377:
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2410:, a three-membered ring containing carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Next, the oxaziridine gives the
2256:
2220:
1713:
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873:
225:
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6254:
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3767:
3483:
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spy plane use hydrazine to fuel their
Emergency Start System in the event of an engine stall.
878:
9265:
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8568:
8015:
7998:
6551:
6546:
6330:
6233:
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5387:
Lobry de Bruyn CA (1895). "Sur l'hydrate d'hydrazine" [On the hydrate of hydrazine].
5296:
3403:
3200:
2853:
2115:
2069:
1565:
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866:
651:
125:
4449:"Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits for Hydrazine"
2244:
Common controls used for hydrazine include process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation and
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9112:
8644:
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8297:
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6265:
6246:
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3022:
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2313:, the N-N-H angles are 106(2)° and 112(2)°, the H-N-H angle is 107°. The molecule adopts a
2035:
1855:
1828:
1816:
1716:(USAF) regularly uses H-70, a 70% hydrazine 30% water mixture, in operations employing the
1690:
which bonds with oxygen, releasing water. Hydrazine was used in fuel cells manufactured by
1208:
883:
441:
5153:
2486:) and ammonia without the use of a ketone catalyst. This method relies on the reaction of
297:
8:
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2131:
Potential routes of hydrazine exposure include dermal, ocular, inhalation and ingestion.
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2001:
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183:
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5455:
Hydrazine – chemical product info: properties, production, applications.
4951:
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1783:
1750:). The technician is wearing a safety suit in overpressure with an external air supply.
1643:
manufacturer Acta (chemical company) has proposed using hydrazine as an alternative to
1627:
Hydrazine compounds can be effective as active ingredients in insecticides, miticides,
1621:
1361:-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example,
1332:
770:
484:
319:
237:
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4420:
4306:"International Programme on Chemical Safety—Health and Safety Guide No. 56—Hydrazine"
4305:
4085:"International research projects | Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment"
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gas from surplus hydrazine fuel, which he then burns to generate water for survival.
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1631:, fungicides, antiviral agents, attractants, herbicides, or plant growth regulators.
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207:
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Unlike most other processes, this approach does not produce a salt as a by-product.
2211:
Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.01 ppm (0.013 mg/m) 8-hour Time Weighted Average
2205:
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m) 8-hour Time Weighted Average
8929:
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4412:
4239:"Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Hydrazine—Potential Human Carcinogen"
4041:
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3862:
3763:
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2098:-based propellant combinations, with development being led by commercial companies
1979:
1859:
1747:
1485:
1429:
1336:
735:
640:
557:
8814:
8761:
8348:
5416:
Lobry de Bruyn CA (1896). "L'hydrazine libre I" [Free hydrazine, Part 1].
3652:
2845:
The heat of combustion of hydrazine in oxygen (air) is 19.41 MJ/kg (8345 BTU/lb).
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950:
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by the Germans, a designation also used later for the ethanol/water fuel for the
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782:
405:
346:
8473:
6527:
6487:
5050:
Weinshenker NM, Shen CM, Wong JY (1977). "Polymeric Carbodiimide. Preparation".
4969:
3669:
2932:. Hydrazinium hydrogensulfate was investigated as a treatment of cancer-induced
1733:
1694:, including some that provided electric power in space satellites in the 1960s.
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4670:(10th ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 192.
4135:"Two companies join SpaceX in the race to Mars, with a launch possible in 2024"
4001:
3984:
3198:) process. It is produced by some yeasts and the open ocean bacterium anammox (
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2573:
The process generates significant by-products and is mainly practised in Asia.
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5297:"Diazo- und Azoverbindungen der Fettreihe. IV. Abhandlung. über das Hydrazin"
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3536:
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3367:
Hall HK, et al. (1957). "Correlation of the Base Strengths of Amines1".
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3014:
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308:
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Ideally, the combustion of hydrazine in oxygen produces nitrogen and water:
2293:
subunit is pyramidal. The structure of the free molecules was determined by
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8772:
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5105:
Strous M, Jetten MS (2004). "Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane and Ammonium".
4110:"Dawn Aerospace granted €1.4 million by EU for green propulsion technology"
3902:
3561:"A Summary of NASA and USAF Hypergolic Propellant Related Spills and Fires"
3309:
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2999:
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compared to 1.23 V for hydrogen. Hydrazine breaks down in the cell to form
1538:
1497:
1405:
5191:
4947:
4411:. Vol. 3. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. 347.
3795:
Technical Report 32-7227 The Status of Monopropellant Hydrazine Technology
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3800:(Report). National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). p. 1
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to hydrazines present a clean way to produce 1,1-dialkylated hydrazines.
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1983:
1865:
In all hydrazine mono-propellant engines, the hydrazine is passed over a
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33:
29:
5343:[On hydrazine hydrate and the halogen compounds of diammonium].
5022:
Friedman L, Litle RL, Reichle WR (1960). "p-Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazide".
4556:
3983:
Valera-Medina A, Xiao H, Owen-Jones M, David WI, Bowen PJ (2018-11-01).
3655:(US patent). Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd (original assignee). US5304657A.
3482:
Tsubakizaki S, Takada M, Gotou H, Mawatari K, Ishihara N, Kai R (2009).
3381:
1651:. The chief benefit of using hydrazine is that it can produce over 200 m
1018:
8134:
8056:
7930:
7158:
6763:
5929:
5686:
5661:
5631:
5616:
5581:
5561:
5500:
5454:
4707:
4633:(2nd ed.). Burlington: Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 148.
3234:
3230:
3219:
by metabolic processes. Even the most popular edible "button" mushroom
3212:
3160:
3007:
2893:
2180:
1997:
1975:
1628:
1597:
1577:
1573:
1557:
1436:
1235:
1025:
578:
328:
288:
86:
Stereo, skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
5178:
Hashida C, Hayashi K, Jie L, Haga S, Sakurai M, Shimizu H (1990). "".
5129:
3484:"Alternatives to Hydrazine in Water Treatment at Thermal Power Plants"
2359:
108:
7989:
7681:
7652:
7368:
7311:
7122:
7038:
6845:
6132:
6075:
5915:
5701:
5651:
5646:
5626:
5606:
5596:
5551:
5546:
5531:
3894:
3226:
3194:
Hydrazine is the intermediate in the anaerobic oxidation of ammonia (
3172:
3003:
2869:
2622:
2411:
2306:
1771:
1742:
1737:
1671:
1648:
1581:
1274:
964:
934:
754:
452:
4045:
3866:
3845:
Haws JL, Harden DG (1965). "Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrazine".
2068:. These reactions are extremely exothermic, and the burning is also
1655:/cm more than a similar hydrogen cell without requiring (expensive)
1424:. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical
1286:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
8405:
7984:
7880:
7640:
7510:
7411:
7376:
7269:
7240:
7110:
6907:
6667:
6410:
6096:
5907:
5791:
5768:
5737:
5536:
4663:
4416:
4407:
Institute of Medicine (2005). "Ch. 9: Hydrazines and Nitric Acid".
3183:
3179:
3030:
2995:
2983:
2940:
2933:
2495:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2310:
2302:
2088:
2058:
1866:
1763:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1656:
1644:
1640:
1569:
1501:
1464:
1452:
1421:
1346:
1340:
1270:
1254:
991:
366:
4184:"Dawn Aerospace validates B20 Thrusters in space – Bits&Chips"
3347:
2110:. The first nitrous oxide-based system ever flown in space was by
1416:
spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various
206:
8244:
7907:
7628:
7490:
7303:
7232:
7218:
7094:
6837:
6810:
6646:
6432:
6420:
6396:
6063:
6008:
5951:
5924:
5902:
5892:
5807:
5783:
5526:
4776:
Eugene F. Rothgery (2004), "Hydrazine and its derivatives",
3273:
3215:
which is an organic derivative of hydrazine that is converted to
3195:
2884:(GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via hydrothermal treatment.
2645:
2491:
2402:
In this route, the ketone and ammonia first condense to give the
2144:
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
2111:
2084:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1787:
1775:
1613:
1358:
1266:
1250:
938:
609:
601:
392:
5449:
The Late Show with Rob! Tonight's Special Guest: Hydrazine (PDF)
5339:Über Hydrazinehydrat und die Halogenverbindungen des Diammoniums
4840:
4513:"Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Standard 48-8"
4409:
Gulf War and Health: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants
3982:
2333:
conformation, and also experiences a strong rotational barrier.
2286:
connected by a single bond between the two nitrogen atoms. Each
7872:
7864:
7102:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6654:
2987:
2865:
2641:
2483:
2322:
1664:
1660:
972:
268:
56:
Skeletal formula of hydrazine with all explicit hydrogens added
3481:
1791:
was used as an oxidizer. Unmixed hydrazine was referred to as
1544:
7606:
7482:
5884:
5879:
5871:
5841:
5469:
3465:
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
3168:
3048:
2403:
2340:
and the nearest non-bonded distances are 3.19, 3.25 and 3.30
2171:
2140:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
1244:
416:
248:
196:
4853:
3879:
3651:
Toki T, Koyanagi T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto K, Morita M (1994).
468:
6438:
5465:
CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
4060:"Hydrazine ban could cost Europe's space industry billions"
3769:
Ignition!: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants
3730:"Ground Servicing of Aircraft and Static Grounding/Bonding"
3650:
3010:
from the hydrazine derivative helps to drive the reaction.
2533:
2434:
is hydrolyzed to give hydrazine and regenerate the ketone,
1679:
1652:
1170:
1119:
596:
357:
3583:"Exhaust Gas Composition of the F-16 Emergency Power Unit"
1746:
space probe (orbital reconnaissance mission of the planet
4031:
2972:
1229:
1202:
1064:
24 to 270 °C (75 to 518 °F; 297 to 543 K)
922:
2786:
An excess of oxygen gives oxides of nitrogen, including
2325:. These structural properties resemble those of gaseous
2166:
In the event of a hydrazine exposure-related emergency,
1740:(pure, not in solution) hydrazine being loaded into the
1496:
of gas per gram of precursor. In a related application,
930:
2223:
uses an emergency exposure guideline, developed by the
1701:
and 5% water is a standard propellant for experimental
4542:
3580:
3155:
The propanone azine is an intermediate in the Atofina-
7427:
5177:
4406:
3469:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3354:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3326:. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
3051:
also forms hydrazones upon treatment with carbonyls.
2015:, also known as MMH (melting point −52 °C), and
1877:(aluminium oxide), which causes it to decompose into
6935:
5021:
4994:
Wiley RH, Hexner PE (1951). "3,5-Dimethylpyrazole".
4742:
3524:
3074:. The latter reacts further with hydrazine to yield
2912:, by treatment with mineral acids. A common salt is
2231:
2161:
Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits
16:
Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor
5303:. Vol. 147. Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth.
5049:
3699:
2478:, first announced in 1907, produces hydrazine from
2360:
Oxidation of ammonia via oxaziridines from peroxide
2072:(it starts burning without any external ignition).
1634:
4775:
3792:
3225:produces organic hydrazine derivatives, including
3047:can attack sulfonyl halides and acyl halides. The
3006:intermediate. The production of the highly stable
2971:(see applications section), as well as in textile
1902:) gas according to the three following reactions:
1782:rocket-powered fighter plane, in which the German
1778:by the Germans. The mixture was used to power the
1480:The largest use of hydrazine is as a precursor to
1447:The nomenclature is a bi-valent form, with prefix
4828:
3581:Suggs HJ, Luskus LJ, Kilian HJ, Mokry JW (1979).
3525:Schirmann JP, Bourdauducq P (2001). "Hydrazine".
3431:. Amsterdam: Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 361.
3394:
2118:in 2021, using six Dawn Aerospace B20 thrusters.
1814:landers in the 1970s as well as the Mars landers
224:
9242:
6478:
5154:"Bacteria Eat Human Sewage, Produce Rocket Fuel"
5078:Day AC, Whiting MC (1970). "Acetone Hydrazone".
4835:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 133.
4747:(1st Eng. ed.). San Diego: Academic Press.
2406:, which is oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to the
1670:, the fuel reacts and forms a safe solid called
1475:
926:
404:
5211:Bulletin of the Puget Sound Mycological Society
4778:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
3615:Adams R, Brown BK (1922). "Hydrazine Sulfate".
2186:
1357:, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an
1007:
182:
5415:
5386:
5357:
4577:
4159:"Launcher to develop orbital transfer vehicle"
3915:
3528:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1504:, is produced from hydrazine by reaction with
1396:, but applications also include its uses as a
946:
942:
6464:
5753:
5485:
5334:
3741:(technical manual). 13 Mar 2017. TO 00-25-172
3426:
3388:
2644:) chemical properties comparable to those of
2053:, both the ascent and descent engines of the
5306:
5104:
4923:
4809:"Hydrazine—Chemical Hazard Properties Table"
4786:10.1002/0471238961.0825041819030809.a01.pub2
3758:
3756:
3700:Knapton JD, Stobie IC, Elmore L (Mar 1993).
3491:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review
3429:Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook
3320:"hydrazine—PubChem Public Chemical Database"
2469:
1854:) was used as liquid rocket fuel during the
8340:
8104:
8027:
6999:
6539:
5235:[On aromatic hydrazine compounds].
4993:
3610:
3608:
3276: – U.S. military satellite (2006–2008)
2967:, often those of practical significance in
2347:
1754:Hydrazine was first used as a component in
1545:Precursor to pesticides and pharmaceuticals
7923:
6471:
6457:
5760:
5746:
5492:
5478:
5294:
5077:
4661:
4626:
4481:"Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet—Hydrazine"
4343:"Occupational Chemical Database—Hydrazine"
4034:Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer
3844:
3653:"Hydrazine compounds useful as pesticides"
3614:
3270: – Class of liquid rocket propellants
1420:and to prepare the gas precursors used in
483:
318:
296:
7946:
7810:
7672:
6579:
5128:
4668:Riegel's handbook of industrial chemistry
4603:
4000:
3989:Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
3772:. Rutgers University Press. p. 302.
3753:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3427:Martel B, Cassidy K, et al. (2004).
2939:Double protonation gives the hydrazinium
2301:. The N–N single bond length is 1.447(2)
440:
7404:
7367:
6900:
6865:
5151:
4743:Holleman AF, Wiberg E, Wiberg N (2001).
4025:
3605:
3348:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
2593:
1732:
1548:
8281:
7900:
7294:
6830:
5262:
5233:"Über aromatische Hydrazinverbindungen"
5230:
2195:Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.03
2121:
1718:General Dynamics F-16 "Fighting Falcon"
1703:bulk-loaded liquid propellant artillery
1576:. Examples of commercialized bioactive
479:
382:
9243:
8317:
8243:
7863:
7260:
7231:
7093:
6645:
5204:
5121:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123605
4488:New Jersey Department of Public Health
4475:
4473:
4132:
3873:
3501:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3065:
2263:
1974:The first two reactions are extremely
1862:" due to its highly dangerous nature.
1511:Hydrazine is also used as a long-term
309:
21:For the class of antidepressants, see
7619:
7481:
6795:
6452:
5741:
5473:
4578:Collin RL, Lipscomb WN (1951-01-01).
4507:
4505:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4300:
4298:
4267:
4265:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4107:
3826:from the original on 15 February 2022
3762:
3695:
3693:
3664:
3662:
3029:hydrazines react with imides to give
2621:that is denser (1.032 g/cm) than the
2589:
1873:metal supported by high-surface-area
1556:, synthesized using hydrazine, is an
1050:52 °C (126 °F; 325 K)
634:114 °C; 237 °F; 387 K
511:Key: OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
276:
256:
5767:
4630:Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes
4580:"The crystal structure of hydrazine"
4204:"Dawn B20 Thrusters Proven In Space"
3909:
3838:
3366:
3287:
2958:
2955:, of which various salts are known.
2887:
4470:
4364:
3718:from the original on March 7, 2020.
3453:
3330:
3245:The name "hydrazine" was coined by
2896:to form various solid salts of the
521:Key: OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYAZ
395:
365:
13:
5347:. Vol. 150. pp. 521–549.
5267:[On diamide (hydrazine)].
4700:"Hydrazine: Chemical product info"
4502:
4328:
4295:
4262:
4220:
3690:
3659:
2751:
2252:guidelines should be implemented.
1003:
624:2 °C; 35 °F; 275 K
91:
81:
61:
51:
14:
9312:
5442:
4829:Audrieth LF, Kleinberg J (1953).
4732:(83rd ed.). CRC Press. 2002.
4730:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
4545:The Journal of Physical Chemistry
3847:Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets
3820:"The Nedelin Catastrophe, Part 1"
2982:, a reaction that transforms the
2232:Handling and medical surveillance
2126:
2051:Apollo command and service module
2000:that are used as rocket fuel are
1802:Hydrazine is used as a low-power
1451:used to indicate the presence of
1100:59–60 mg/kg (oral in rats, mice)
96:Ball and stick model of hydrazine
5451: – Robert Matunas
5320:ist noch nicht analysiert worden
4940:10.2165/00003495-199855050-00005
3678:. Centaur Media plc. 15 Jan 2008
2703:It is difficult to diprotonate:
2532:Related to the Raschig process,
2422:
2309:), the N-H distance is 1.015(2)
2083:) the titular character uses an
1697:A mixture of 63% hydrazine, 32%
1635:Small-scale, niche, and research
1455:atoms and suffix beginning with
1294:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
107:
5409:
5380:
5351:
5328:
5288:
5256:
5224:
5198:
5171:
5145:
5098:
5071:
5043:
5015:
4987:
4962:
4917:
4892:
4847:
4822:
4801:
4769:
4736:
4722:
4692:
4655:
4620:
4571:
4536:
4441:
4400:
4196:
4176:
4151:
4126:
4101:
4077:
4052:
3976:
3946:
3812:
3786:
3722:
3644:
3574:
3553:
3189:
2482:(the active ingredient in many
2199:(0.04 mg/m) 2-hour ceiling
2017:unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
1762:. A 30% mix by weight with 57%
1470:
1290:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
591:Colorless, fuming, oily liquid
5499:
3475:
3420:
3360:
2153:National Academies of Sciences
1728:
1388:Hydrazine is mainly used as a
1:
5345:Journal für praktische Chemie
5301:Journal für praktische Chemie
5205:Sieger AA, ed. (1 Jan 1998).
3589:. SAM-TR-79-2. Archived from
3297:. Centers for Disease Control
3280:
2246:personal protective equipment
2219:For aerospace personnel, the
1707:U.S. Army Research Laboratory
1484:. Specific compounds include
1476:Gas producers and propellants
1138:(US health exposure limits):
9281:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
6480:Binary compounds of hydrogen
5335:Curtius T, Schulz H (1890).
5305:On p. 129, Curtius admits: "
5265:"Über das Diamid (Hydrazin)"
4878:10.1016/j.carbon.2007.02.034
3707:. Army Research Laboratory.
3054:Hydrazine is used to cleave
2963:Hydrazines are part of many
2636:(1.021 g/cm). Hydrazine has
2584:
2279:, contains two amine groups
2225:National Academy of Sciences
2187:Occupational exposure limits
1858:, where it became known as "
1442:
66:Spacefill model of hydrazine
7:
5167:– via Wild Singapore.
4662:Riegel ER, Kent JA (2003).
3261:
3021:, it condenses to give the
2914:hydrazinium hydrogensulfate
1835:A mixture of hydrazine and
1774:) and 13% water was called
1596:, metazachlor, metamitron,
1500:, the gas-forming agent in
1164:Ca C 0.03 ppm (0.04 mg/m)
1082:or concentration (LD, LC):
583:32.0452 g/mol
77:
47:
10:
9317:
5419:Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas
5390:Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas
5361:Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas
4627:Matar S, Hatch LF (2001).
4381:. Jun 2018. Archived from
4002:10.1016/j.pecs.2018.07.001
3793:T. W. Price, D. D. Evans.
3240:
3036:Being a good nucleophile,
2936:, but proved ineffective.
2329:, which adopts a "skewed"
1722:Lockheed U-2 "Dragon Lady"
1128:252 ppm (mouse, 4 h)
776:Triangular pyramidal at N
27:
23:hydrazine (antidepressant)
20:
9296:IARC Group 2B carcinogens
9220:
9061:
8832:
8489:Transition metal hydrides
8487:
8437:
8014:
7470:
7051:
6990:
6634:
6526:
6486:
6387:
6226:
5968:
5864:
5776:
5507:
5307:
5295:Curtius T, Jay R (1889).
5282:10.1002/cber.188702001368
5250:10.1002/cber.187500801178
5180:Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi
5152:Handwerk B (9 Nov 2005).
4605:10.1107/s0365110x51000027
3400:Chemistry of the Elements
2978:Hydrazine is used in the
2470:Chlorine-based oxidations
2177:World Health Organization
1720:fighter aircraft and the
1408:, as well as a long-term
1284:
1194:
1132:
1078:
853:
848:
792:
763:
550:
530:
508:InChI=1S/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2
495:
166:
146:
134:
124:
119:
106:
76:
46:
9261:Hazardous air pollutants
5432:10.1002/recl.18960150606
5403:10.1002/recl.18950140302
5374:10.1002/recl.18940130816
5092:10.15227/orgsyn.050.0003
5065:10.15227/orgsyn.056.0095
5037:10.15227/orgsyn.040.0093
5009:10.15227/orgsyn.031.0043
4780:, New York: John Wiley,
3630:10.15227/orgsyn.002.0037
3537:10.1002/14356007.a13_177
3268:Nitrous oxide fuel blend
3027:Einhorn-Brunner reaction
2348:Synthesis and production
2295:gas electron diffraction
1221:Diphosphorus tetraiodide
959:Precautionary statements
518:InChI=1/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2
28:Not to be confused with
4133:Berger E (2022-07-19).
3932:10.1023/A:1015343922044
3531:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3295:"NIOSH Guide—Hydrazine"
2980:Wolff–Kishner reduction
2549:CO + NaOCl + 2 NaOH → N
2221:United States Air Force
1714:United States Air Force
151:Tetrahydridodinitrogen(
9222:Exotic matter hydrides
5270:Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
5238:Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
4584:Acta Crystallographica
4108:Urban V (2022-07-15).
3233:of an amino acid, and
2599:
2578:Bayer Ketazine Process
2416:treatment with ammonia
2299:microwave spectroscopy
2075:In the fictional book
1837:red fuming nitric acid
1751:
1561:
1519:vehicles, such as the
1490:azobisisobutyronitrile
1463:, the French word for
1151:TWA 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m)
1014:
97:
87:
67:
57:
4651:– via Elsevier.
3404:Butterworth-Heinemann
3398:, Earnshaw A (1997).
3201:Brocadia anammoxidans
2874:nuclear reactor waste
2597:
2116:ION Satellite Carrier
2087:catalyst to separate
1998:variants of hydrazine
1780:Messerschmitt Me 163B
1736:
1578:hydrazine derivatives
1552:
1013:
136:Systematic IUPAC name
95:
85:
65:
55:
9276:Corrosion inhibitors
5722:Tetrafluorohydrazine
5692:Pivalylbenzhydrazine
4832:Non-aqueous solvents
4273:"Hydrazine 302-01-2"
3954:"BIG-IP logout page"
3585:(technical report).
3568:Kennedy Space Center
3231:hydrazine derivative
3211:produces the poison
3171:). The reduction of
3023:3,5-dimethylpyrazole
2975:and in photography.
2476:Olin Raschig process
2450:)C=N−N=C(Et)Me + 2 H
2122:Occupational hazards
2036:dinitrogen tetroxide
1856:Soviet space program
1692:Allis-Chalmers Corp.
1209:Tetrafluorohydrazine
1112:median concentration
996:(fire diamond)
8834:Lanthanide hydrides
8441:(Group 17 hydrides)
8020:(Group 16 hydrides)
7474:(Group 15) hydrides
5207:"Spore Prints #338"
5158:National Geographic
4900:"HYDRAZINE SULFATE"
4870:2007Carbo..45.1558S
4745:Inorganic chemistry
4596:1951AcCry...4...10C
4557:10.1021/j100394a005
4456:European Commission
4388:on 26 November 2020
3985:"Ammonia for power"
3859:1965JSpRo...2..972H
3822:. 28 October 2014.
3382:10.1021/ja01577a030
3324:The PubChem Project
3217:monomethylhydrazine
3163:of hydrazines with
3066:Hydrazone formation
2943:or hydrazinediium,
2858:corrosion inhibitor
2480:sodium hypochlorite
2454:O → 2 Me(Et)C=O + N
2436:methyl ethyl ketone
2315:gauche conformation
2264:Molecular structure
2157:European Commission
2079:(also adapted to a
2055:Apollo Lunar Module
2002:monomethylhydrazine
1826:(August 2012), and
1676:electromotive force
1531:Eurofighter Typhoon
1513:storable propellant
1428:steam cycles as an
1410:storable propellant
749:1.46044 (at 22 °C)
669:1 kPa (at 30.7 °C)
641:Solubility in water
238:Beilstein Reference
114:Anhydrous hydrazine
43:
6490:(Group 1) hydrides
5460:Hydrazine toxicity
5263:Curtius T (1887).
5231:Fischer E (1875).
5108:Annu Rev Microbiol
4710:on 22 January 2018
2602:Hydrazine forms a
2600:
2590:Acid-base behavior
2319:rotational barrier
1948:Reaction 3:
1927:Reaction 2:
1906:Reaction 1:
1784:high test peroxide
1752:
1622:dibenzoylhydrazine
1604:, diclobutrazole,
1566:heterocyclic rings
1562:
1333:inorganic compound
1317:Infobox references
1236:Organic hydrazines
1195:Related compounds
1173:(Immediate danger)
1126:570 ppm (rat, 4 h)
1124:630 ppm (rat, 1 h)
1015:
98:
88:
68:
58:
41:
9291:Nitrogen hydrides
9256:Bases (chemistry)
9238:
9237:
9063:Actinide hydrides
8439:Hydrogen halides
8401:
8366:
8365:
8336:
8335:
8313:
8312:
8277:
8276:
8239:
8238:
8100:
8099:
8006:
7972:
7971:
7942:
7941:
7919:
7918:
7896:
7895:
7859:
7858:
7806:
7805:
7668:
7667:
7615:
7614:
7466:
7465:
7423:
7422:
7400:
7399:
7363:
7362:
7290:
7289:
7256:
7255:
7227:
7226:
7089:
7088:
7047:
7046:
6992:Group 14 hydrides
6986:
6985:
6931:
6930:
6896:
6895:
6861:
6860:
6826:
6825:
6791:
6790:
6630:
6629:
6575:
6574:
6446:
6445:
5735:
5734:
5080:Organic Syntheses
4754:978-0-12-352651-9
4677:978-0-306-47411-8
4640:978-1-4933-0346-5
4426:978-0-309-09527-3
4114:SpaceWatch.Global
3919:Catalysis Letters
3779:978-0-8135-9918-2
3438:978-1-903996-65-2
3413:978-0-08-037941-8
3370:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
3222:Agaricus bisporus
3076:acetone hydrazone
3060:Gabriel synthesis
2965:organic syntheses
2959:Organic chemistry
2892:Hydrazine can be
2888:Hydrazinium salts
2788:nitrogen monoxide
2598:Hydrazine hydrate
2504:hydrogen chloride
2327:hydrogen peroxide
2321:is twice that of
1895:), and hydrogen (
1888:), nitrogen gas (
1832:(February 2021).
1699:hydrazine nitrate
1610:hydrazine sulfate
1363:hydrazine hydrate
1355:pnictogen hydride
1353:. It is a simple
1325:Chemical compound
1323:
1322:
1262:Related compounds
1213:Hydrogen peroxide
1183:Safety data sheet
917:Hazard statements
817:121.52 J/(K·mol)
464:CompTox Dashboard
208:Interactive image
102:
101:
72:
71:
9308:
9301:Chemical hazards
8399:
8338:
8337:
8315:
8314:
8279:
8278:
8241:
8240:
8102:
8101:
8025:
8024:
8004:
7944:
7943:
7921:
7920:
7898:
7897:
7861:
7860:
7808:
7807:
7670:
7669:
7617:
7616:
7479:
7478:
7425:
7424:
7402:
7401:
7365:
7364:
7292:
7291:
7258:
7257:
7229:
7228:
7091:
7090:
7049:
7048:
6997:
6996:
6933:
6932:
6898:
6897:
6863:
6862:
6828:
6827:
6793:
6792:
6643:
6642:
6577:
6576:
6537:
6536:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6450:
6449:
6436:
6424:
6400:
6389:Oxidation states
6218:
6217:
6186:
6185:
6120:
6119:
6084:
6083:
6072:
6071:
6017:
6016:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5739:
5738:
5672:Phenoxypropazine
5494:
5487:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5436:
5435:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5309:Das freie Diamid
5304:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5132:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5019:
5013:
5012:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4864:(7): 1558–1565.
4851:
4845:
4844:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4706:. Archived from
4696:
4690:
4689:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4517:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4453:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4339:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4277:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4243:
4235:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4089:www.mbie.govt.nz
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4004:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3964:on June 23, 2008
3960:. Archived from
3950:
3944:
3943:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3895:10.1039/b202032g
3877:
3871:
3870:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3734:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3666:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3522:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3402:(2nd ed.).
3392:
3386:
3385:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3328:
3327:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3291:
3151:
3115:
3046:
3019:2,4-pentanedione
2992:methylene bridge
2954:
2931:
2911:
2872:extraction from
2841:
2816:
2792:nitrogen dioxide
2782:
2729:
2674:
2635:
2620:
2569:
2528:
2462:
2426:
2398:
2366:Peroxide process
2292:
2285:
2278:
2064:and is known as
2048:
2033:
2014:
1992:
1980:specific impulse
1970:
1945:
1924:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1853:
1495:
1492:, which produce
1486:azodicarbonamide
1430:oxygen scavenger
1384:
1352:
1337:chemical formula
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1118:260 ppm (rat, 4
1070:Explosive limits
1035:
1028:
1021:
1006:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
840:
813:
793:Thermochemistry
736:Refractive index
698:
572:
558:Chemical formula
488:
487:
472:
470:
444:
408:
397:
386:
369:
347:Gmelin Reference
330:
322:
311:
300:
280:
260:
228:
210:
186:
111:
78:
48:
44:
40:
9316:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9306:
9305:
9286:Reducing agents
9271:Monopropellants
9241:
9240:
9239:
9234:
9216:
9212:
9204:
9196:
9188:
9180:
9172:
9164:
9156:
9148:
9140:
9132:
9124:
9116:
9108:
9101:
9097:
9090:
9082:
9074:
9057:
9053:
9045:
9037:
9029:
9021:
9013:
9005:
8997:
8989:
8981:
8973:
8965:
8957:
8949:
8941:
8933:
8925:
8917:
8909:
8901:
8893:
8885:
8877:
8869:
8861:
8853:
8845:
8828:
8818:
8809:
8801:
8797:
8784:
8776:
8745:
8731:
8716:
8701:
8693:
8685:
8677:
8669:
8656:
8648:
8635:
8622:
8609:
8596:
8588:
8580:
8572:
8564:
8556:
8548:
8540:
8532:
8524:
8516:
8508:
8500:
8483:
8440:
8433:
8428:
8419:
8396:
8387:
8379:
8362:
8352:
8332:
8328:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8292:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8256:
8235:
8226:
8222:
8214:
8210:
8202:
8198:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8174:
8166:
8162:
8154:
8150:
8142:
8138:
8130:
8126:
8117:
8096:
8088:
8084:
8076:
8072:
8064:
8060:
8052:
8048:
8039:
8019:
8017:
8010:
8002:
7993:
7980:
7968:
7958:
7938:
7934:
7915:
7911:
7892:
7888:
7884:
7876:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7839:
7835:
7827:
7823:
7802:
7793:
7789:
7781:
7777:
7769:
7765:
7757:
7753:
7745:
7741:
7733:
7729:
7721:
7717:
7709:
7705:
7697:
7693:
7685:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7648:
7644:
7636:
7632:
7611:
7602:
7598:
7590:
7586:
7578:
7574:
7566:
7562:
7554:
7550:
7542:
7538:
7530:
7526:
7518:
7514:
7506:
7502:
7494:
7473:
7462:
7458:
7450:
7419:
7415:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7380:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7343:
7339:
7331:
7327:
7319:
7315:
7307:
7286:
7277:
7273:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7223:
7214:
7210:
7202:
7198:
7190:
7186:
7178:
7174:
7166:
7162:
7154:
7150:
7142:
7138:
7130:
7126:
7118:
7114:
7106:
7085:
7080:
7072:
7064:
7043:
6982:
6978:
6970:
6966:
6958:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6911:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6876:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6841:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6806:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6771:
6767:
6759:
6755:
6747:
6743:
6735:
6731:
6723:
6719:
6711:
6707:
6699:
6695:
6687:
6683:
6675:
6671:
6658:
6637:
6626:
6622:
6614:
6606:
6598:
6590:
6571:
6531:
6529:
6522:
6489:
6482:
6477:
6447:
6442:
6430:
6418:
6394:
6383:
6379:
6371:
6363:
6355:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6301:
6293:
6285:
6277:
6269:
6259:
6250:
6242:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6161:
6148:
6140:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6104:
6092:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6052:
6048:
6040:
6036:
6029:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6005:
5997:
5993:
5985:
5964:
5960:
5947:
5943:
5919:
5911:
5888:
5875:
5860:
5854:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5816:
5803:
5795:
5787:
5772:
5766:
5736:
5731:
5677:Phenylhydrazine
5503:
5498:
5445:
5440:
5439:
5414:
5410:
5385:
5381:
5356:
5352:
5333:
5329:
5318:
5314:
5293:
5289:
5261:
5257:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5203:
5199:
5182:(in Japanese).
5176:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5150:
5146:
5103:
5099:
5076:
5072:
5048:
5044:
5020:
5016:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4852:
4848:
4827:
4823:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4774:
4770:
4755:
4741:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4704:chemindustry.ru
4698:
4697:
4693:
4678:
4660:
4656:
4641:
4625:
4621:
4576:
4572:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4493:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4427:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4341:
4340:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4221:
4212:
4210:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4143:
4141:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4106:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4046:10.2514/1.22798
4030:
4026:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3914:
3910:
3878:
3874:
3867:10.2514/3.28327
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3766:(23 May 2018).
3761:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3715:
3704:
3698:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3649:
3645:
3613:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3593:on 4 March 2016
3579:
3575:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3523:
3502:
3486:
3480:
3476:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3439:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3393:
3389:
3365:
3361:
3346:
3331:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3264:
3251:Theodor Curtius
3243:
3192:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3068:
3045:
3041:
3037:
2969:pharmaceuticals
2961:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2752:Redox reactions
2743:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2592:
2587:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2472:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2442:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2350:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2234:
2189:
2129:
2124:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1991:
1987:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1731:
1637:
1547:
1493:
1478:
1473:
1445:
1402:pharmaceuticals
1382:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312: ?)
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1243:Related Binary
1232:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1174:
1161:
1148:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1097:
1091:
1061:
1058:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1004:
961:
919:
905:
869:
841:
838:
832:
828:
825:
824:Std enthalpy of
814:
811:
804:
801:
785:
773:
771:Molecular shape
746:
744:
713:
696:
692:
688:
683:
643:
571:
567:
563:
560:
546:
543:
538:
537:
526:
523:
522:
519:
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
491:
473:
466:
447:
427:
411:
398:
372:
349:
340:
303:
283:
263:
240:
231:
213:
200:
189:
176:
162:
160:
150:
142:
141:
130:
115:
112:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9314:
9304:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9226:
9224:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9182:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9099:
9095:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9067:
9065:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9023:
9019:
9015:
9011:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8875:
8871:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8843:
8838:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8816:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8758:
8753:
8743:
8738:
8727:
8723:
8712:
8708:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8658:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8611:
8607:
8603:
8598:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8493:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8443:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8422:
8417:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8394:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8350:
8344:
8342:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8321:
8319:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8283:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8247:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8108:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8078:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8037:
8033:
8031:
8022:
8018:chalcogenides
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8000:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7982:
7978:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7932:
7927:
7925:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7909:
7904:
7902:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7814:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7678:
7676:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7625:
7623:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7487:
7485:
7476:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7413:
7408:
7406:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7373:
7371:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7300:
7298:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7266:
7264:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7235:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7099:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6946:
6944:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6902:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6869:
6867:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6834:
6832:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6799:
6797:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6651:
6649:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6583:
6581:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6534:
6532:earth hydrides
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6492:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6453:
6444:
6443:
6393:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6175:
6170:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6068:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5852:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5742:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Carbohydrazide
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5497:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5444:
5443:External links
5441:
5438:
5437:
5426:(6): 174–184.
5408:
5379:
5368:(8): 433–440.
5350:
5327:
5316:
5312:
5287:
5255:
5223:
5197:
5170:
5144:
5097:
5070:
5042:
5014:
4986:
4970:"Diazanediium"
4961:
4916:
4891:
4846:
4821:
4800:
4794:
4768:
4753:
4735:
4721:
4691:
4676:
4654:
4639:
4619:
4570:
4551:(5): 602–606.
4535:
4501:
4469:
4440:
4425:
4417:10.17226/11180
4399:
4363:
4327:
4294:
4261:
4219:
4208:Dawn Aerospace
4195:
4175:
4150:
4125:
4100:
4076:
4051:
4040:(1): 243–246.
4024:
3975:
3958:www.eso-io.com
3945:
3908:
3889:(9): 954–955.
3872:
3853:(6): 972–974.
3837:
3811:
3785:
3778:
3752:
3721:
3689:
3670:"Liquid asset"
3658:
3643:
3604:
3573:
3552:
3545:
3500:
3474:
3452:
3437:
3419:
3412:
3387:
3359:
3329:
3308:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3263:
3260:
3256:Lobry de Bruyn
3242:
3239:
3191:
3188:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3067:
3064:
3049:tosylhydrazine
3043:
3039:
2960:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2907:
2903:
2889:
2886:
2882:graphene oxide
2843:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2632:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2494:to create the
2488:monochloramine
2471:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2430:The resulting
2428:
2427:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2361:
2358:
2349:
2346:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2233:
2230:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2188:
2185:
2128:
2127:Health effects
2125:
2123:
2120:
2114:onboard their
2100:Dawn Aerospace
2045:
2041:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2011:
2007:
1989:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1812:Viking program
1804:monopropellant
1770:in the German
1730:
1727:
1636:
1633:
1546:
1543:
1506:sodium nitrite
1482:blowing agents
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1444:
1441:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1293:
1292:
1288:standard state
1285:
1282:
1281:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:
988:
987:
985:P305+P351+P338
962:
957:
954:
953:
920:
915:
912:
911:
906:
901:
898:
897:
870:
865:
862:
861:
851:
850:
846:
845:
842:
836:
830:
822:
819:
818:
815:
809:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
781:
778:
777:
774:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
751:
750:
747:
742:
734:
731:
730:
725:
723:Conjugate acid
719:
718:
715:
711:
701:
700:
694:
690:
685:
681:
671:
670:
667:
665:Vapor pressure
661:
660:
657:
648:
647:
644:
639:
636:
635:
632:
626:
625:
622:
616:
615:
612:
606:
605:
599:
593:
592:
589:
585:
584:
581:
575:
574:
569:
565:
561:
556:
553:
552:
548:
547:
545:
544:
541:
533:
532:
531:
528:
527:
525:
524:
520:
517:
516:
514:
510:
507:
506:
498:
497:
496:
493:
492:
490:
489:
476:
474:
462:
459:
458:
455:
449:
448:
446:
445:
437:
435:
429:
428:
426:
425:
421:
419:
413:
412:
410:
409:
401:
399:
391:
388:
387:
380:
374:
373:
371:
370:
362:
360:
354:
353:
350:
345:
342:
341:
339:
338:
334:
332:
324:
323:
313:
305:
304:
302:
301:
293:
291:
285:
284:
282:
281:
273:
271:
265:
264:
262:
261:
253:
251:
245:
244:
241:
236:
233:
232:
230:
229:
221:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
203:
201:
194:
191:
190:
188:
187:
179:
177:
172:
169:
168:
164:
163:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
104:
103:
100:
99:
89:
74:
73:
70:
69:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9313:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9231:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9219:
9213:
9207:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9191:
9189:
9183:
9181:
9175:
9173:
9167:
9165:
9159:
9157:
9151:
9149:
9143:
9141:
9135:
9133:
9127:
9125:
9119:
9117:
9111:
9109:
9103:
9093:
9091:
9085:
9083:
9077:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9054:
9048:
9046:
9040:
9038:
9032:
9030:
9024:
9022:
9016:
9014:
9008:
9006:
9000:
8998:
8992:
8990:
8984:
8982:
8976:
8974:
8968:
8966:
8960:
8958:
8952:
8950:
8944:
8942:
8936:
8934:
8928:
8926:
8920:
8918:
8912:
8910:
8904:
8902:
8896:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8880:
8878:
8872:
8870:
8864:
8862:
8856:
8854:
8848:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8824:
8820:
8819:
8812:
8810:
8804:
8802:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8751:
8747:
8746:
8739:
8737:
8735:
8730:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8715:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8696:
8694:
8688:
8686:
8680:
8678:
8672:
8670:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8651:
8649:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8591:
8589:
8583:
8581:
8575:
8573:
8567:
8565:
8559:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8543:
8541:
8535:
8533:
8527:
8525:
8519:
8517:
8511:
8509:
8503:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8480:
8476:
8475:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8436:
8430:
8423:
8421:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8390:
8388:
8382:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8358:
8354:
8353:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8306:
8296:
8294:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8280:
8270:
8260:
8258:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8217:
8215:
8205:
8203:
8193:
8191:
8181:
8179:
8169:
8167:
8157:
8155:
8145:
8143:
8133:
8131:
8121:
8119:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8079:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8055:
8053:
8043:
8041:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8013:
8007:
8003:
7996:
7994:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7975:
7974:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7922:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7899:
7889:
7879:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7852:
7842:
7840:
7830:
7828:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7813:
7809:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7784:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7760:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7736:
7734:
7724:
7722:
7712:
7710:
7700:
7698:
7688:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7661:
7651:
7649:
7639:
7637:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7593:
7591:
7581:
7579:
7569:
7567:
7557:
7555:
7545:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7521:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7497:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7469:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7393:
7383:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7366:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7334:
7332:
7322:
7320:
7310:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7249:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7205:
7203:
7193:
7191:
7181:
7179:
7169:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7145:
7143:
7133:
7131:
7121:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7082:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6973:
6971:
6961:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6924:
6914:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6819:
6809:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6762:
6760:
6750:
6748:
6738:
6736:
6726:
6724:
6714:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6690:
6688:
6678:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6633:
6623:
6617:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6601:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6488:Alkali metal
6485:
6481:
6474:
6469:
6467:
6462:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6440:
6435:
6434:
6428:
6423:
6422:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6399:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6350:
6348:
6341:
6339:
6329:
6327:
6320:
6318:
6312:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6253:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6203:
6189:
6187:
6176:
6174:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6105:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6073:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6043:
6041:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5820:
5818:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5758:
5756:
5751:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:Semicarbazone
5710:
5708:
5707:Semicarbazide
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:Metfendrazine
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5622:Isocarboxazid
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:Dihydralazine
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Acylhydrazine
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5354:
5346:
5342:
5340:
5331:
5321:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5283:
5279:
5276:: 1632–1634.
5275:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5227:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4990:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:(5): 675–88.
4933:
4929:
4928:
4920:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4810:
4804:
4797:
4795:9780471238966
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4489:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4457:
4450:
4444:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4367:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4249:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4185:
4179:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3740:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3562:
3556:
3548:
3546:3-527-30673-0
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3415:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3180:1,2-diketones
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:alkyl halides
3162:
3158:
3117:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:acetone azine
3063:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3015:electrophiles
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2915:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2818:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2740:
2737:= 8.4 × 10, p
2733:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:= 1.78 × 10)
2696:
2693:(for ammonia
2685:
2682:= 1.3 × 10, p
2678:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2624:
2605:
2596:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2561:O + NaCl + Na
2539:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2502:as well as a
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2183:) treatment.
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:Impulse Space
2101:
2097:
2096:nitrous oxide
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2037:
2018:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1947:
1926:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1860:devil's venom
1857:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1808:Space Shuttle
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:propiconazole
1603:
1602:paclobutrazol
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:Space Shuttle
1532:
1529:fighter jet,
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:agrochemicals
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:polymer foams
1392:in preparing
1391:
1390:foaming agent
1386:
1378:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:(Recommended)
1159:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:(Permissible)
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
998:
995:
994:
990:
989:
963:
960:
956:
955:
921:
918:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
900:
899:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
871:
868:
864:
863:
859:
857:
852:
847:
844:50.63 kJ/mol
843:
835:
827:
821:
820:
816:
808:
803:
797:
796:
791:
787:
784:
783:Dipole moment
780:
779:
775:
772:
768:
767:
762:
758:
756:
753:
752:
748:
741:
737:
733:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
716:
710:
706:
703:
702:
686:
680:
676:
673:
672:
668:
666:
663:
662:
658:
656:
655:
650:
649:
645:
642:
638:
637:
633:
631:
630:Boiling point
628:
627:
623:
621:
620:Melting point
618:
617:
613:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
577:
576:
562:
559:
555:
554:
549:
540:
539:
536:
529:
515:
505:
504:
501:
494:
486:
482:
481:DTXSID3020702
478:
477:
475:
465:
461:
460:
456:
454:
451:
450:
443:
439:
438:
436:
434:
431:
430:
423:
422:
420:
418:
415:
414:
407:
403:
402:
400:
394:
390:
389:
385:
381:
379:
376:
375:
368:
364:
363:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
348:
344:
343:
336:
335:
333:
331:
326:
325:
321:
317:
314:
312:
310:ECHA InfoCard
307:
306:
299:
295:
294:
292:
290:
287:
286:
279:
278:ChEMBL1237174
275:
274:
272:
270:
267:
266:
259:
255:
254:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
235:
234:
227:
223:
222:
220:
217:
216:
209:
205:
204:
202:
198:
193:
192:
185:
181:
180:
178:
175:
171:
170:
165:
158:
154:
145:
137:
133:
127:
123:
118:
110:
105:
94:
90:
84:
80:
79:
75:
64:
60:
54:
50:
49:
45:
39:
35:
31:
24:
19:
9266:Rocket fuels
8822:
8813:
8766:
8760:
8749:
8740:
8733:
8728:
8718:
8713:
8478:
8472:
8391:
8356:
8347:
8341:Livermoranes
8106:Polysulfanes
8029:Polyoxidanes
7997:
7962:
7953:
7498:
7454:
7446:
7441:
7432:
7034:Cycloalkynes
7029:Cycloalkenes
7024:Cycloalkanes
7001:Hydrocarbons
6974:
6962:
6954:
6949:
6940:
6540:Monohydrides
6437:(a strongly
6431:
6419:
6402:
6395:
6255:
5850:
5821:
5697:Procarbazine
5682:Pildralazine
5667:Pheniprazine
5601:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5397:(3): 85–88.
5394:
5388:
5382:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5344:
5338:
5330:
5319:
5308:
5300:
5290:
5273:
5268:
5258:
5241:
5236:
5226:
5214:. Retrieved
5210:
5200:
5186:(6): 400–5.
5183:
5179:
5173:
5161:. Retrieved
5147:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4977:. Retrieved
4973:
4964:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4907:. Retrieved
4903:
4894:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4831:
4824:
4815:
4803:
4777:
4771:
4744:
4738:
4729:
4724:
4712:. Retrieved
4708:the original
4703:
4694:
4667:
4657:
4629:
4622:
4590:(1): 10–14.
4587:
4583:
4573:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4526:. Retrieved
4524:. 1 Sep 1997
4519:
4492:. Retrieved
4487:
4460:. Retrieved
4455:
4443:
4408:
4402:
4390:. Retrieved
4383:the original
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4347:www.osha.gov
4346:
4318:. Retrieved
4309:
4285:. Retrieved
4279:
4252:. Retrieved
4245:
4211:. Retrieved
4207:
4198:
4187:. Retrieved
4178:
4167:. Retrieved
4165:. 2021-06-15
4162:
4153:
4142:. Retrieved
4139:Ars Technica
4138:
4128:
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4103:
4092:. Retrieved
4088:
4079:
4068:. Retrieved
4066:. 2017-10-25
4063:
4054:
4037:
4033:
4027:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3962:the original
3957:
3948:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3788:
3768:
3743:. Retrieved
3736:
3724:
3680:. Retrieved
3675:The Engineer
3673:
3646:
3621:
3616:
3595:. Retrieved
3591:the original
3576:
3567:
3555:
3526:
3494:
3490:
3477:
3464:
3455:
3428:
3422:
3399:
3396:Greenwood NN
3390:
3376:(20): 5441.
3373:
3368:
3362:
3323:
3299:. Retrieved
3289:
3247:Emil Fischer
3244:
3220:
3206:
3199:
3193:
3190:Biochemistry
3177:
3157:PCUK process
3154:
3069:
3055:
3053:
3035:
3012:
3000:methyl group
2977:
2962:
2938:
2891:
2868:plating and
2852:, an oxygen
2847:
2844:
2811:→ 2 NO + 2 H
2785:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2731:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2676:
2601:
2575:
2572:
2531:
2473:
2465:
2429:
2401:
2363:
2351:
2335:
2267:
2254:
2243:
2235:
2218:
2214:
2165:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2093:
2081:feature film
2074:
1995:
1973:
1864:
1834:
1829:Perseverance
1827:
1821:
1820:(May 2008),
1815:
1801:
1786:
1760:World War II
1756:rocket fuels
1753:
1741:
1711:
1696:
1639:The Italian
1638:
1626:
1563:
1521:
1510:
1498:sodium azide
1479:
1471:Applications
1460:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1435:
1418:rocket fuels
1387:
1376:
1328:
1327:
1134:
1079:
1057:Autoignition
992:
908:
855:
833:
806:
739:
708:
678:
653:
417:RTECS number
167:Identifiers
156:
152:
147:Other names
38:
18:
7924:Bismuthanes
5612:Iproclozide
5592:Hydralazine
5577:Endralazine
5542:Cadralazine
5244:: 589–594.
5053:Org. Synth.
5025:Org. Synth.
4997:Org. Synth.
4664:"Hydrazine"
4372:"Hydrazine"
4310:IPCS INCHEM
3883:Chem. Comm.
3830:15 February
3804:22 February
3618:Org. Synth.
3497:(2): 43–47.
3461:"Hydrazine"
3209:false morel
2986:group of a
2898:hydrazinium
2878:dye coupler
2863:electroless
2850:antioxidant
2604:monohydrate
2506:byproduct:
2500:single bond
2408:oxaziridine
2268:Hydrazine,
2077:The Martian
2066:Aerozine 50
1984:endothermic
1797:V-2 missile
1729:Rocket fuel
1629:nematicides
1618:triadimefon
1594:fluconazole
1590:anastrozole
1586:rizatriptan
1574:pyridazines
1560:medication.
1554:Fluconazole
1426:power plant
1279:Diphosphene
1217:Diphosphane
1094:median dose
1080:Lethal dose
1059:temperature
1046:Flash point
903:Signal word
728:Hydrazinium
614:1.021 g/cm
588:Appearance
551:Properties
316:100.005.560
258:CHEBI:15571
34:hydroxyzine
30:hydralazine
9251:Hydrazines
9245:Categories
7947:Moscovanes
7812:Phosphenes
7674:Phosphanes
7472:Pnictogen
7429:Flerovanes
6580:Dihydrides
6530:(Group 2)
5687:Pimagedine
5662:Phenelzine
5632:Mebanazine
5617:Iproniazid
5582:Gyromitrin
5562:Daminozide
5501:Hydrazines
5130:2066/60186
5115:: 99–117.
4904:hazard.com
4490:. Nov 2009
4458:. Aug 2010
4312:. Geneva:
4213:2022-08-19
4189:2022-08-19
4169:2022-08-19
4144:2022-08-19
4119:2022-08-19
4094:2022-08-19
4070:2022-08-19
3995:: 63–102.
3281:References
3235:gyromitrin
3213:gyromitrin
3173:hydrazones
3161:alkylation
3008:dinitrogen
2894:protonated
2720:O → [N
2665:O → [N
2331:anticlinal
2305:(144.7(2)
2181:vitamin B6
2070:hypergolic
1976:exothermic
1649:fuel cells
1598:metribuzin
1558:antifungal
1494:100–200 mL
1437:Hydrazines
867:Pictograms
764:Structure
579:Molar mass
442:27RFH0GB4R
289:ChemSpider
195:3D model (
174:CAS Number
161:Diamidogen
126:IUPAC name
42:Hydrazine
8823:predicted
8767:predicted
8750:predicted
8479:predicted
8357:predicted
8016:Hydrogen
7963:predicted
7433:predicted
7405:Plumbanes
7369:Stannanes
7039:Annulenes
6941:predicted
6937:Nihonanes
6901:Thallanes
6866:Indiganes
6636:Group 13
6528:Alkaline
5702:Safrazine
5652:Octamoxin
5647:Nialamide
5627:Isoniazid
5607:Hydrazone
5602:Hydrazine
5597:Hydrazide
5552:Carbidopa
5547:Carbazide
5532:Agaritine
4763:813400418
4649:990470096
4614:0365-110X
4565:0022-3654
4435:228274601
4163:SpaceNews
4064:SpaceNews
4019:106214840
4011:0360-1285
3926:: 21–25.
3709:ADA263143
3638:221547391
3447:939257974
3258:in 1895.
3227:agaritine
3184:triazines
3159:. Direct
3031:triazoles
3025:. In the
3004:hydrazone
2926:][HSO
2870:plutonium
2854:scavenger
2623:anhydrous
2585:Reactions
2412:hydrazone
2241:systems.
1823:Curiosity
1772:Luftwaffe
1743:MESSENGER
1738:Anhydrous
1672:hydrazone
1582:cefazolin
1570:pyrazoles
1515:on board
1443:Etymology
1398:precursor
1335:with the
1329:Hydrazine
1275:Tetrazene
1189:ICSC 0281
1074:1.8–100%
981:P301+P310
858:labelling
826:formation
800:Std molar
759:0.876 cP
755:Viscosity
646:Miscible
453:UN number
424:MU7175000
384:Hydrazine
337:206-114-9
329:EC Number
129:Hydrazine
8736:< 1)
8282:Tellanes
7901:Stibanes
7296:Germanes
6831:Gallanes
6638:hydrides
6204: /
6167: /
6151: /
6122: /
6106: /
6099: /
6074: /
6062: /
6031: /
6019: /
6007: /
5980: /
5880:>C=NR
5777:Hydrides
5769:Nitrogen
5537:Benmoxin
5139:15487931
4974:CharChem
4956:22180434
4886:14548921
4841:52-12057
4816:NOAA.gov
4686:55023601
3940:92094908
3903:12123065
3824:Archived
3764:Clark JD
3713:Archived
3471:(NIOSH).
3356:(NIOSH).
3262:See also
3103:O + ((CH
3002:) via a
2996:aldehyde
2984:carbonyl
2941:dication
2934:cachexia
2856:, and a
2484:bleaches
2108:Launcher
2089:hydrogen
2059:Titan II
1869:such as
1867:catalyst
1764:methanol
1688:hydrogen
1684:nitrogen
1678:of 1.56
1668:carbonyl
1657:platinum
1645:hydrogen
1641:catalyst
1580:include
1568:such as
1502:air bags
1465:nitrogen
1453:hydrogen
1422:air bags
1271:Triazene
1255:Triazane
993:NFPA 704
849:Hazards
705:Basicity
184:302-01-2
8721:< 1)
8318:Polanes
8245:Selanes
8231:more...
8093:more...
7865:Arsanes
7798:more...
7607:more...
7262:Silynes
7233:Silenes
7219:more...
7095:Silanes
7019:alkynes
7014:alkenes
7009:alkanes
6647:Boranes
6227:Halides
5865:Organic
5771:species
5527:Adjudin
5192:2132000
4948:9585863
4866:Bibcode
4818:. 1999.
4592:Bibcode
3968:May 20,
3855:Bibcode
3350:"#0329"
3274:USA-193
3241:History
3196:anammox
3139:→ 2 (CH
3017:. With
2998:into a
2994:(or an
2990:into a
2900:cation
2646:ammonia
2615:·H
2515:Cl + NH
2492:ammonia
2112:D-Orbit
2085:iridium
1879:ammonia
1875:alumina
1871:iridium
1817:Phoenix
1793:B-Stoff
1788:T-Stoff
1776:C-Stoff
1768:M-Stoff
1766:(named
1758:during
1748:Mercury
1614:diimide
1459:, from
1412:for in-
1359:ammonia
1310:what is
1308: (
1267:Diazene
1251:Ammonia
1230:cations
802:entropy
788:1.85 D
675:Acidity
610:Density
602:Ammonia
573:
393:PubChem
243:878137
149:Diamine
140:Diazane
7621:Azenes
7483:Azanes
6796:Alanes
6441:oxide)
6439:acidic
5970:Oxides
5512:4-PTSC
5216:13 Oct
5190:
5163:12 Nov
5137:
5059:: 95.
5031:: 93.
5003:: 43.
4979:22 Jan
4954:
4946:
4909:22 Jan
4884:
4857:Carbon
4839:
4792:
4761:
4751:
4684:
4674:
4647:
4637:
4612:
4563:
4528:23 Nov
4494:23 Nov
4462:23 Nov
4433:
4423:
4392:23 Nov
4356:24 Nov
4320:24 Nov
4316:. 1991
4287:23 Nov
4281:US EPA
4254:23 Nov
4250:. 1988
4017:
4009:
3938:
3901:
3776:
3745:23 Nov
3682:23 Jan
3636:
3624:: 37.
3597:23 Jan
3543:
3445:
3435:
3410:
3301:16 Aug
3169:amines
3091:CO + N
2988:ketone
2945:[N
2918:[N
2902:[N
2866:nickel
2832:→ 2 NO
2728:] + OH
2708:[N
2673:] + OH
2642:alkali
2323:ethane
2106:, and
1937:→ 4 NH
1665:oxygen
1661:carbon
1620:, and
1537:, and
1375:·
1331:is an
1305:verify
1302:
1245:azanes
1228:Other
1203:anions
1201:Other
1185:(SDS)
909:Danger
689:[N
687:8.10 (
604:-like
535:SMILES
367:C05361
269:ChEMBL
226:B00770
218:3DMet
120:Names
6409:, 0,
6101:(HON)
5885:-CONR
5086:: 3.
4952:S2CID
4927:Drugs
4882:S2CID
4812:(PDF)
4714:8 Jan
4516:(PDF)
4484:(PDF)
4452:(PDF)
4431:S2CID
4386:(PDF)
4375:(PDF)
4276:(PDF)
4247:NIOSH
4242:(PDF)
4015:S2CID
3936:S2CID
3798:(PDF)
3733:(PDF)
3716:(PDF)
3705:(PDF)
3634:S2CID
3564:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3182:into
3147:C=NNH
3099:→ 2 H
3083:2 (CH
2836:+ 2 H
2828:+ 3 O
2807:+ 2 O
2777:+ 2 H
2716:] + H
2689:= 5.9
2638:basic
2625:form
2527:+ HCl
2490:with
2432:azine
2404:imine
2393:+ 2 H
2209:ACGIH
2193:NIOSH
2172:NIOSH
2168:NIOSH
2062:ICBMs
1966:+ 8 H
1962:→ 3 N
1920:+ 2 H
1517:space
1461:azote
1449:hydr-
1414:space
1135:NIOSH
717:5.90
659:0.67
500:InChI
457:2029
249:ChEBI
197:JSmol
6368:NHBr
6360:NHCl
6153:ONOO
5982:(NO)
5935:HNCS
5930:HNCO
5925:HOCN
5908:(CN)
5727:UDMH
5717:SDMH
5572:DNPH
5218:2008
5188:PMID
5165:2007
5135:PMID
4981:2019
4944:PMID
4911:2019
4837:LCCN
4790:ISBN
4759:OCLC
4749:ISBN
4716:2007
4682:OCLC
4672:ISBN
4645:OCLC
4635:ISBN
4610:ISSN
4561:ISSN
4530:2018
4521:USAF
4496:2018
4464:2018
4421:ISBN
4394:2018
4379:IARC
4358:2018
4351:OSHA
4322:2018
4289:2018
4256:2018
4007:ISSN
3970:2020
3899:PMID
3832:2022
3806:2022
3774:ISBN
3747:2018
3738:USAF
3684:2019
3599:2019
3587:USAF
3541:ISBN
3443:OCLC
3433:ISBN
3408:ISBN
3303:2012
3229:, a
3207:The
3127:C=N)
3119:((CH
3111:C=N)
2973:dyes
2790:and
2744:= 15
2576:The
2534:urea
2474:The
2373:2 NH
2297:and
2288:N−NH
2274:N−NH
2257:USAF
2255:For
2250:OSHA
2203:OSHA
2057:and
2010:NHNH
1950:4 NH
1712:The
1686:and
1572:and
1527:F-16
1522:Dawn
1488:and
1457:-az-
1404:and
1177:Ca
1171:IDLH
977:P280
973:P273
969:P261
965:P201
951:H410
947:H350
943:H331
939:H317
935:H314
931:H311
927:H301
923:H226
652:log
597:Odor
433:UNII
406:9321
378:MeSH
358:KEGG
352:190
298:8960
9230:PsH
9209:CfH
9201:CfH
9193:BkH
9185:BkH
9177:CmH
9169:AmH
9161:AmH
9153:PuH
9145:PuH
9137:NpH
9129:NpH
9105:PaH
9087:ThH
9079:ThH
9071:AcH
9050:LuH
9042:LuH
9034:YbH
9026:TmH
9018:TmH
9010:ErH
9002:ErH
8994:HoH
8986:HoH
8978:DyH
8970:DyH
8962:TbH
8954:TbH
8946:GdH
8938:GdH
8930:EuH
8922:SmH
8914:SmH
8906:NdH
8898:NdH
8890:PrH
8882:PrH
8874:CeH
8866:CeH
8858:LaH
8850:LaH
8842:LaH
8815:CnH
8806:HgH
8789:HgH
8781:CdH
8773:ZnH
8762:RgH
8756:CuH
8742:DsH
8726:PtH
8711:PdH
8706:NiH
8698:IrH
8690:RhH
8682:CoH
8674:FeH
8666:FeH
8661:FeH
8653:CrH
8645:CrH
8640:CrH
8632:TaH
8627:TaH
8619:NbH
8614:NbH
8593:HfH
8585:HfH
8577:ZrH
8569:ZrH
8561:TiH
8553:TiH
8545:LuH
8537:LuH
8497:ScH
8474:HTs
8468:HAt
8458:HBr
8453:HCl
8411:HDO
8400:(?)
8397:O–O
8349:LvH
8325:PoH
8005:(?)
7955:McH
7931:BiH
7908:SbH
7873:AsH
7455:FlH
7447:FlH
7442:FlH
7412:PbH
7377:SnH
7304:GeH
7282:SiH
7103:SiH
6975:NhH
6955:NhH
6950:NhH
6908:TlH
6873:InH
6838:GaH
6803:AlH
6619:BaH
6611:SrH
6603:CaH
6595:MgH
6587:BeH
6567:BaH
6562:SrH
6557:CaH
6552:MgH
6547:BeH
6518:CsH
6513:RbH
6503:NaH
6498:LiH
6429:,
6376:NHI
6352:NHF
6306:BrN
6298:ClN
6274:NBr
6266:NCl
6262:(?)
6173:NOO
6137:NNO
6097:HNO
6057:HNO
6033:(NO
6002:HNO
5957:-NO
5952:-NO
5920:NCN
5898:HCN
5893:-CN
5857:(?)
5657:PEH
5642:MMH
5587:HBT
5522:ADH
5428:doi
5399:doi
5370:doi
5315:-NH
5278:doi
5246:doi
5125:hdl
5117:doi
5088:doi
5061:doi
5033:doi
5005:doi
4936:doi
4874:doi
4782:doi
4600:doi
4553:doi
4413:doi
4314:WHO
4042:doi
3997:doi
3928:doi
3891:doi
3863:doi
3626:doi
3533:doi
3378:doi
3204:).
3131:+ N
2773:→ N
2769:+ O
2661:+ H
2557:+ H
2541:(NH
2519:→ N
2498:–N
2414:by
2385:→ N
2377:+ H
2238:CDC
2197:ppm
2159:'s
2029:NNH
2021:(CH
1954:+ N
1941:+ N
1929:3 N
1916:→ N
1845:+ N
1841:HNO
1647:in
1539:U-2
1400:to
1385:).
1158:REL
1145:PEL
856:GHS
837:298
810:298
469:EPA
396:CID
32:or
9247::
9121:UH
9113:UH
9100:15
9094:Th
8860:10
8794:Hg
8606:VH
8601:VH
8529:YH
8521:YH
8513:YH
8505:YH
8463:HI
8448:HF
8406:HS
8384:HO
8376:HO
8371:HO
8302:Te
8293:Te
8266:Se
8257:Se
8225:10
7999:NH
7990:HN
7985:NH
7977:HN
7881:As
7792:12
7788:10
7780:11
7768:10
7682:PH
7601:12
7597:10
7589:11
7577:10
7491:NH
7385:Sn
7354:12
7348:Ge
7342:10
7336:Ge
7324:Ge
7312:Ge
7270:Si
7241:Si
7213:22
7209:10
7207:Si
7201:20
7195:Si
7189:18
7183:Si
7177:16
7171:Si
7165:14
7159:Si
7153:12
7147:Si
7141:10
7135:Si
7123:Si
7111:Si
7069:CH
7061:CH
7056:CH
6963:Nh
6916:Tl
6881:In
6846:Ga
6811:Al
6782:22
6778:18
6770:14
6766:10
6758:12
6746:10
6734:11
6710:10
6663:BH
6655:BH
6508:KH
6433:+5
6427:+4
6425:,
6421:+3
6417:,
6415:+2
6413:,
6411:+1
6407:−1
6405:,
6403:−2
6401:,
6397:−3
6347:Cl
6343:NH
6322:NH
6314:IN
6290:FN
6282:NI
6256:NF
6247:NF
6239:NF
6234:NF
6178:NO
6162:NO
6158:HO
6149:NO
6145:HO
6089:NO
6076:NO
6064:NO
6026:NO
6021:NO
6009:NO
5978:NO
5940:CH
5903:CN
5872:NR
5851:NH
5834:HN
5817:OH
5813:NH
5800:NH
5792:NH
5784:NH
5424:15
5422:.
5395:14
5393:.
5366:13
5364:.
5325:"
5311:NH
5274:20
5209:.
5184:37
5156:.
5133:.
5123:.
5113:58
5111:.
5084:50
5082:.
5057:56
5029:40
5001:31
4972:.
4950:.
4942:.
4932:55
4930:.
4902:.
4880:.
4872:.
4862:45
4860:.
4814:.
4788:,
4757:.
4702:.
4680:.
4666:.
4643:.
4608:.
4598:.
4586:.
4582:.
4559:.
4549:86
4547:.
4518:.
4504:^
4486:.
4472:^
4454:.
4429:.
4419:.
4377:.
4349:.
4345:.
4330:^
4308:.
4297:^
4278:.
4264:^
4244:.
4222:^
4206:.
4161:.
4137:.
4112:.
4087:.
4062:.
4038:21
4036:.
4013:.
4005:.
3993:69
3991:.
3987:.
3956:.
3934:.
3924:79
3922:.
3897:.
3887:44
3861:.
3849:.
3755:^
3735:.
3711:.
3692:^
3672:.
3661:^
3632:.
3607:^
3566:.
3539:.
3503:^
3493:.
3489:.
3467:.
3463:.
3441:.
3406:.
3374:79
3352:.
3332:^
3322:.
3311:^
3237:.
3186:.
3078::
3062:.
3033:.
2916:,
2794::
2730:,
2675:,
2648::
2565:CO
2511:NH
2448:Et
2444:Me
2438::
2344:.
2307:pm
2281:NH
2102:,
2038:,
2019:,
2006:CH
2004:,
1988:NH
1883:NH
1799:.
1624:.
1616:,
1612:,
1608:,
1600:,
1592:,
1588:,
1584:,
1533:,
1508:.
1467:.
1108:50
1106:LC
1090:50
1088:LD
983:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
967:,
949:,
945:,
941:,
937:,
933:,
929:,
925:,
860::
829:(Δ
714:)
707:(p
699:)
684:)
677:(p
542:NN
9211:3
9203:2
9195:3
9187:2
9179:2
9171:3
9163:2
9155:3
9147:2
9139:3
9131:2
9123:4
9115:3
9107:3
9098:H
9096:4
9089:4
9081:2
9073:2
9052:3
9044:2
9036:2
9028:3
9020:2
9012:3
9004:2
8996:3
8988:2
8980:3
8972:2
8964:3
8956:2
8948:3
8940:2
8932:2
8924:3
8916:2
8908:3
8900:2
8892:3
8884:2
8876:3
8868:2
8852:3
8844:2
8825:)
8821:(
8817:2
8808:2
8800:2
8798:H
8796:2
8783:2
8775:2
8769:)
8765:(
8752:)
8748:(
8744:2
8734:x
8732:(
8729:x
8719:x
8717:(
8714:x
8700:3
8692:2
8684:2
8676:5
8668:2
8655:x
8647:2
8634:2
8621:2
8608:2
8595:4
8587:2
8579:4
8571:2
8563:4
8555:2
8547:3
8539:2
8531:9
8523:6
8515:3
8507:2
8499:2
8481:)
8477:(
8429:O
8427:2
8425:T
8420:O
8418:2
8416:D
8395:2
8393:H
8386:3
8378:2
8359:)
8355:(
8351:2
8327:2
8304:2
8300:2
8298:H
8291:2
8289:H
8268:2
8264:2
8262:H
8255:2
8253:H
8223:S
8221:2
8219:H
8213:9
8211:S
8209:2
8207:H
8201:8
8199:S
8197:2
8195:H
8189:7
8187:S
8185:2
8183:H
8177:6
8175:S
8173:2
8171:H
8165:5
8163:S
8161:2
8159:H
8153:4
8151:S
8149:2
8147:H
8141:3
8139:S
8137:2
8135:H
8129:2
8127:S
8125:2
8123:H
8118:S
8116:2
8114:H
8087:5
8085:O
8083:2
8081:H
8075:4
8073:O
8071:2
8069:H
8063:3
8061:O
8059:2
8057:H
8051:2
8049:O
8047:2
8045:H
8040:O
8038:2
8036:H
8001:5
7992:5
7979:3
7965:)
7961:(
7957:3
7933:3
7910:3
7887:4
7885:H
7883:2
7875:3
7850:4
7848:H
7846:4
7844:P
7838:3
7836:H
7834:3
7832:P
7826:2
7824:H
7822:2
7820:P
7790:H
7786:P
7778:H
7776:9
7774:P
7766:H
7764:8
7762:P
7756:9
7754:H
7752:7
7750:P
7744:8
7742:H
7740:6
7738:P
7732:7
7730:H
7728:5
7726:P
7720:6
7718:H
7716:4
7714:P
7708:5
7706:H
7704:3
7702:P
7696:4
7694:H
7692:2
7690:P
7684:3
7659:4
7657:H
7655:4
7653:N
7647:3
7645:H
7643:3
7641:N
7635:2
7633:H
7631:2
7629:N
7599:H
7595:N
7587:H
7585:9
7583:N
7575:H
7573:8
7571:N
7565:9
7563:H
7561:7
7559:N
7553:8
7551:H
7549:6
7547:N
7541:7
7539:H
7537:5
7535:N
7529:6
7527:H
7525:4
7523:N
7517:5
7515:H
7513:3
7511:N
7505:4
7503:H
7501:2
7499:N
7493:3
7457:4
7449:2
7435:)
7431:(
7414:4
7391:6
7389:H
7387:2
7379:4
7352:H
7350:5
7340:H
7338:4
7330:8
7328:H
7326:3
7318:6
7316:H
7314:2
7306:4
7276:2
7274:H
7272:2
7247:4
7245:H
7243:2
7211:H
7199:H
7197:9
7187:H
7185:8
7175:H
7173:7
7163:H
7161:6
7151:H
7149:5
7139:H
7137:4
7129:8
7127:H
7125:3
7117:6
7115:H
7113:2
7105:4
7081:H
7079:2
7077:C
7071:3
7063:2
6977:5
6969:6
6967:H
6965:2
6957:3
6943:)
6939:(
6922:6
6920:H
6918:2
6910:3
6887:6
6885:H
6883:2
6875:3
6852:6
6850:H
6848:2
6840:3
6817:6
6815:H
6813:2
6805:3
6780:H
6776:B
6768:H
6764:B
6756:H
6754:6
6752:B
6744:H
6742:6
6740:B
6732:H
6730:5
6728:B
6722:9
6720:H
6718:5
6716:B
6708:H
6706:4
6704:B
6698:4
6696:H
6694:2
6692:B
6686:2
6684:H
6682:2
6680:B
6674:6
6672:H
6670:2
6668:B
6657:3
6621:2
6613:2
6605:2
6597:2
6589:2
6472:e
6465:t
6458:v
6378:2
6370:2
6362:2
6354:2
6345:2
6337:2
6335:F
6333:2
6331:N
6326:F
6324:2
6316:3
6308:3
6300:3
6292:3
6284:3
6276:3
6268:3
6258:5
6249:3
6241:2
6215:3
6210:O
6208:2
6206:N
6201:4
6199:O
6197:2
6195:N
6193:4
6191:H
6183:4
6171:2
6169:O
6164:2
6160:2
6147:2
6139:2
6135:2
6133:H
6128:O
6126:2
6124:N
6117:2
6112:O
6110:2
6108:N
6103:2
6091:3
6081:2
6069:3
6059:3
6051:5
6049:O
6047:2
6045:N
6039:2
6037:)
6035:2
6028:2
6014:2
6004:2
5996:3
5994:O
5992:2
5990:N
5984:2
5959:2
5946:2
5944:N
5942:2
5918:2
5916:H
5910:2
5887:2
5874:3
5853:5
5844:3
5842:N
5836:3
5828:4
5826:H
5824:2
5822:N
5815:2
5808:N
5802:2
5794:4
5786:3
5761:e
5754:t
5747:v
5493:e
5486:t
5479:v
5434:.
5430::
5405:.
5401::
5376:.
5372::
5341:"
5337:"
5322:.
5317:2
5313:2
5284:.
5280::
5252:.
5248::
5242:8
5220:.
5194:.
5141:.
5127::
5119::
5094:.
5090::
5067:.
5063::
5039:.
5035::
5011:.
5007::
4983:.
4958:.
4938::
4913:.
4888:.
4876::
4868::
4843:.
4784::
4765:.
4718:.
4688:.
4616:.
4602::
4594::
4588:4
4567:.
4555::
4532:.
4498:.
4466:.
4437:.
4415::
4396:.
4360:.
4324:.
4291:.
4258:.
4216:.
4192:.
4172:.
4147:.
4122:.
4097:.
4073:.
4048:.
4044::
4021:.
3999::
3972:.
3942:.
3930::
3905:.
3893::
3869:.
3865::
3857::
3851:2
3834:.
3808:.
3782:.
3749:.
3686:.
3640:.
3628::
3622:2
3601:.
3570:.
3549:.
3535::
3495:6
3449:.
3416:.
3384:.
3380::
3305:.
3149:2
3145:2
3143:)
3141:3
3137:4
3135:H
3133:2
3129:2
3125:2
3123:)
3121:3
3113:2
3109:2
3107:)
3105:3
3101:2
3097:4
3095:H
3093:2
3089:2
3087:)
3085:3
3056:N
3044:4
3042:H
3040:2
3038:N
2953:]
2951:6
2949:H
2947:2
2930:]
2928:4
2924:5
2922:H
2920:2
2910:]
2908:5
2906:H
2904:2
2840:O
2838:2
2834:2
2830:2
2826:4
2824:H
2822:2
2820:N
2815:O
2813:2
2809:2
2805:4
2803:H
2801:2
2799:N
2781:O
2779:2
2775:2
2771:2
2767:4
2765:H
2763:2
2761:N
2742:b
2739:K
2735:b
2732:K
2726:6
2724:H
2722:2
2718:2
2714:5
2712:H
2710:2
2698:b
2695:K
2687:b
2684:K
2680:b
2677:K
2671:5
2669:H
2667:2
2663:2
2659:4
2657:H
2655:2
2653:N
2640:(
2633:4
2631:H
2629:2
2627:N
2619:O
2617:2
2613:4
2611:H
2609:2
2607:N
2567:3
2563:2
2559:2
2555:4
2553:H
2551:2
2547:2
2545:)
2543:2
2525:4
2523:H
2521:2
2517:3
2513:2
2496:N
2460:4
2458:H
2456:2
2452:2
2446:(
2397:O
2395:2
2391:4
2389:H
2387:2
2383:2
2381:O
2379:2
2375:3
2354:N
2342:Å
2338:Å
2311:Å
2303:Å
2290:2
2283:2
2276:2
2272:2
2270:H
2046:4
2044:O
2042:2
2040:N
2031:2
2027:2
2025:)
2023:3
2012:2
2008:3
1990:3
1968:2
1964:2
1960:4
1958:H
1956:2
1952:3
1943:2
1939:3
1935:4
1933:H
1931:2
1922:2
1918:2
1914:4
1912:H
1910:2
1908:N
1899:2
1897:H
1892:2
1890:N
1885:3
1881:(
1851:4
1849:H
1847:2
1843:3
1839:(
1680:V
1663:-
1653:W
1383:O
1381:2
1379:H
1377:x
1373:4
1371:H
1369:2
1367:N
1365:(
1350:4
1347:H
1344:2
1341:N
1300:N
1122:)
1120:h
1114:)
1110:(
1096:)
1092:(
1034:3
1027:4
1020:4
839:)
834:H
831:f
812:)
807:S
805:(
745:)
743:D
740:n
738:(
712:b
709:K
697:]
695:5
693:H
691:2
682:a
679:K
654:P
570:4
568:H
566:2
564:N
471:)
467:(
199:)
159:)
157:N
155:-
153:N
36:.
25:.
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