Grain elevator - Knowledge

777: 1432: 216: 986: 1484: 486:. This eastern flow of grain, though, was matched by an equally important flow of people and capital in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west. Because of the money to be made in grain production, and of course, because of the existence of an all-water route to get there, increasing numbers of immigrants in Brooklyn came to Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois to become farmers. More farmers meant more prairies turned into farmlands, which in turn meant increased grain production, which of course meant that more grain elevators would have to be built in places such as Toledo, Buffalo, and Brooklyn (and Cleveland, 325: 588: 505: 87: 337: 113: 665: 1915: 1495: 1332: 1688: 619: 272: 1476: 470:, New York, in 1847. These fledgling American cities were connected through an emerging international grain trade of unprecedented proportions. Grain shipments from farms in Ohio were loaded onto ships by elevators at Toledo; these ships were unloaded by elevators at Buffalo that shipped their grain to canal boats (and, later, rail cars), which were unloaded by elevators in Brooklyn, where the grain was either distributed to 700: 1096: 1111: 25: 1506: 459: 740:'s prairie towns, when a good farming spot was settled, many people wanted to make money by building their own grain elevators. This brought in droves of private grain companies. Towns boasted dozens of elevator companies, which all stood in a row along the railway tracks. If a town were lucky enough to have two railways, it was to be known as the next 443:' grain elevator (originally a manufacturing device) for use in a commercial framework (the trans-shipment of grain in bulk from lakers to canal boats), but the actual design and construction of the world's first steam-powered "grain storage and transfer warehouse" was executed by an engineer named Robert Dunbar. Thanks to the historic 744:. Many elevator rows had two or more elevators of the same company. Small towns bragged of their large elevator rows in promotional pamphlets to attract settlers. With so much competition in the 1920s, consolidation began almost immediately, and many small companies were merged or absorbed into larger companies. 584:) are half a mile long. The loss of the grain elevators from small towns is often considered a great change in their identity, and efforts to preserve them as heritage structures are made. At the same time, many larger grain farms have their own grain-handling facilities for storage and loading onto trucks. 641:. Fine powder from the millions of grains passing through the facility would accumulate and mix with the oxygen in the air. A spark could spread from one floating particle to the other, creating a chain reaction that would destroy the entire structure. (This dispersed-fuel explosion is the mechanism behind 1862:

when dispersed as an air suspension; hence, a very fine flour is dangerously explosive in air suspension. This poses a significant risk when milling grain to produce flour, so mills go to great lengths to remove sources of sparks. These measures include carefully sifting the grain before it is milled

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in 2018. The wheat pool elevator was extensively refurbished and now includes an art gallery. The UGG elevator is beyond feasible conservation efforts however, and CBT has begun to deconstruct it in 2024, with care taken to re-purpose as much of the building materials as possible, including valuable

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In farming communities, each town had one or more small grain elevators that served the local growers. The classic grain elevator was constructed with wooden cribbing and had nine or more larger square or rectangular bins arranged in 3 × 3 or 3 × 4 or 4 × 4 or more patterns. Wooden-cribbed elevators

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Buffalo, New York, the world's largest grain port from the 1850s until the first half of the 20th century, once had the United States' largest capacity for the storage of grain in over 30 concrete grain elevators located along the inner and outer harbors. While several are still in productive use,

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In Canada, the term "grain elevator" is used to refer to a place where farmers sell grain into the global grain distribution system, and/or a place where the grain is moved into rail cars or ocean-going ships for transport. Specifically, several types of grain elevators are defined under Canadian

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One of the major historical trends in the grain trade has been the closure of many smaller elevators, and the consolidation the grain trade to fewer places and among fewer companies. For example, in 1961, 1,642 "country elevators" (the smallest type) were in Alberta, holding 3,452,240 tonnes

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Before economical truck transportation was available, grain elevator operators sometimes used their purchasing power to control prices. This was especially easy, since farmers often had only one elevator within a reasonable distance of their farms. This led some governments to take over the

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and their own backs to unload or load each sack of grain that had been stored ashore or in the boat's hull. Several days, sometimes even a week, were needed to serve a single grain-laden boat. Grain shipments were going down the Mississippi River, not over the Great Lakes/Erie Canal system.

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Grain elevators in small Canadian communities often had the name of the community painted on two sides of the elevator in large block letters, with the name of the elevator operator emblazoned on the other two sides. This made identification of the community easier for rail operators (and

1843:, killed 18, leveled two nearby mills, damaged many others, and caused a destructive fire that gutted much of the nearby milling district. (The Washburn "A" mill was later rebuilt and continued to be used until 1965.) Another example occurred in 1998, when the DeBruce grain elevator in 747:

In the mid-1990s, with the cost of grain so low, many private elevator companies once again had to merge, this time causing thousands of "prairie sentinels" to be torn down. Because so many grain elevators have been torn down, Canada has only two surviving elevator rows; one located in

1384:– This grain elevator was completed in four stages from 1906 to 1959 and was abandoned in 1994. With the demolition of Silo No. 1 and Silo No. 2, Silo No. 5 is now, along with the Old Port's conveyor pier tower, the last vestige of Old Montreal's 20th-century harbour panorama. 447:(operational on 1 June 1843), which worked almost seven times faster than its nonmechanized predecessors, Buffalo was able to keep pace with—and thus further stimulate—the rapid growth of American agricultural production in the 1840s and 1850s, but especially after the 256:

Transfer elevators (including "Eastern elevators" from the pre-1971 classification) transfer grain that has been officially inspected and weighed at another elevator. In the Eastern Division, transfer elevators also receive, clean, and store eastern or foreign

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The city of Buffalo is not only the birthplace of the modern grain elevator, but also has the world's largest number of extant examples. A number of the city's historic elevators are clustered along "Elevator Alley", a narrow stretch of the

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Testimony taken by Interstate Commerce Commission, October 15 – November 23, 1906, in matter of relations of common carriers to the grain trade, 59th Congress, Senate Document #278, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1907, pp. 28,

626:, Nova Scotia were constructed in the 1990s long after the elevator had been constructed and are vulnerable due to their location. In the summer of 2003, an explosion at this elevator sparked a fire that took seven hours to extinguish. 231:, the term "grain elevator" is reserved for elevator towers, while a receival and storage building or complex is distinguished by the formal term "receival point" or as a "wheat bin" or "silo". Large-scale grain receival, storage, and 602:

for the same quantity of grain, usually each day. They profit through the narrowing "basis", that is, the difference between the local cash price, and the futures price, that occurs at certain times of the year.

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incidentally, for lost drivers and pilots). The old community name often remained on an elevator long after the town had either disappeared or been amalgamated into another community; the grain elevator at

400:). All through the 1830s, Buffalo benefited tremendously from its position. In particular, it was the recipient of most of the increasing quantities of grain (mostly wheat) that was being grown on farms in 190:

Grain elevator bins, tanks, and silos are now usually made of steel or reinforced concrete. Bucket elevators are used to lift grain to a distributor or consignor, from which it falls through spouts and/or

157:, and storage facilities. It may also mean organizations that operate or control several individual elevators, in different locations. In Australia, the term describes only the lifting mechanism. 1903:, one of the featured crews takes on the job of dismantling the Globe Elevator in Wisconsin. This structure was the largest grain-storage facility in the world when it was built in the 1880s. 187:

still stands today in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. The Peavey invented elevator was the first cylindrical concrete grain elevator in the world and is now widely used across Canada and the US.

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Before the advent of the grain elevator, grain was usually handled in bags rather than in bulk (large quantities of loose grain). The Dart elevator was a major innovation—it was invented by

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for trans-shipment to the Erie Canal. If Buffalo had not been there, or when things got backed up there, that grain would have been loaded onto boats at Cincinnati and shipped down the

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in 1922 to help the port of Norfolk better compete with other East Coast ports by providing a publicly owned facility to store and load grain at reasonable rates. It was sold to the

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in 1952. The elevator originally held 26,000 m (750,000 US bu) but was later expanded to 120,000 m (3,500,000 US bu). The elevator was taken over by

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plant started in 2007 using one of the previously mothballed elevators to store corn. In the early 20th century, Buffalo's grain elevators inspired modernist architects such as

1063: 494:). Through this loop of productivity set in motion by the invention of the grain elevator, the United States became a major international producer of wheat, corn, and oats. 1551:, previously named the Saskatchewan Cooperative Elevator was built in 1925 offered a total holding capacity of 74,000 cubic metres (2.1 million US bushels) in 135 bins 649:

or any other open flame. Many elevators also have various devices installed to maximize ventilation, safeguards against overheating in belt conveyors, legs, bearings, and

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1930: Built in 1873, it is the oldest grain elevator in Canada and remains a major landmark to this day. The line of the PW&PP Railway can be seen in the foreground.

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The earliest recorded flour explosion took place in an Italian mill in 1785, but many have occurred since. These two references give numbers of recorded flour and

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grain elevator was completed in 1898. It had a capacity of 40,000 tons and its automatic conveying and spouting system could distribute grain into 226 bins.

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In more recent times with improved transportation, centralized and much larger elevators serve many farms. Some of them are quite large. Two elevators in

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Early grain elevators and bins were often built of framed or cribbed wood, and were prone to fire. In 1899 Frank H. Peavey "The Elevator King' along with

688:(3,805,440 short tons) of grain. By 2010. only 79 "primary elevators" (as they are now known) remained, holding 1,613,960 tonnes (1,779,090 short tons). 2885: 2854: 2434: 569:

usually had a driveway with truck scale and office on one side, a rail line on the other side, and additional grain-storage annex bins on either side.

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or ground to remove stones, which could strike sparks from the millstones, and the use of magnets to remove metallic debris able to strike sparks.

680:, remained marked with its old community name until it was demolished, which took place more than 20 years after the village had been annexed by 360:

in 1825, Buffalo enjoyed a unique position in American geography. It stood at the intersection of two great all-water routes; one extended from

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as their model, they invented the marine leg, which scooped loose grain out of the hulls of ships and elevated it to the top of a marine tower.

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In 2017, the United States had 0.88 cubic kilometres (25 billion US bushels) of storage capacity, a growth of 25% in the previous decade.

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many of those that remain are presently idle. In a nascent trend, some of the city's inactive capacity has recently come back online, with an

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By 1842, Buffalo's port facilities clearly had become antiquated. They still relied upon techniques that had been in use since the European

2808: 1610:- Also known as the Woitishek/King/Krob elevator and feed mill. Constructed in 1900 in Ely, Iowa, and was in continuous use for 121 years. 1283:– a 1920 Parrish and Heimbecker grain elevator, feed mill, and coal shed, last to stand in Alberta, now protected and restored as a museum 2004: 1403: 253:

Terminal elevators receive grain on or after official inspection and weighing and clean, store, and treat grain before moving it forward.

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Process elevators (called "mill elevators" before 1971) receive and store grain for direct manufacture or processing into other products.

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In the early 20th century, concern arose about monopolistic practices in the grain elevator industry, leading to testimony before the

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immediately adjacent to the harbor. The alley runs under Ohio Street and along Childs Street in the city's First Ward neighborhood.

2701: 1225: 538:, who exclaimed, "The first fruits of the new age!" when he first saw them. Buffalo's grain elevators have been documented for the 247:

Primary elevators (called "country elevators" before 1971) receive grain directly from producers for storage, forwarding, or both.

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and into one or more bins, silos, or tanks in a facility. When desired, silos, bins, and tanks are emptied by gravity flow, sweep

1420: 1394: 650: 1228:, three elevators saved from demolition and preserved to educate visitors about the town's, and Alberta's, agricultural history 2661: 153:

In most cases, the term "grain elevator" also describes the entire elevator complex, including receiving and testing offices,

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Historic Cooperative Elevator, a row of corrugated steel hopper bottom bins on the left and cribbed annex bins on the right,

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to be constructed in the early 20th century, with a capacity of 130,000,000 cubic metres (3.8 billion US bushels) in

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in the United States in 1994: and 1997 In the ten-year period up to and including 1997, there were 129 explosions.

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Placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. It is the last remaining tile elevator in Wisconsin.

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A 1928 Burrus Elevator steel-reinforced concrete elevator with 123 silos shown just prior to demolition in 2004

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Jump-formed concrete annex silos on the left and slip-formed concrete mainhouse at an elevator facility in

2520: 2144: 1577:– wooden "country style" elevator formerly located in Buffalo, New York; destroyed by fire in October 2006 2097: 1756: 1041: 95: 1847:, exploded and killed seven people. An explosion on October 29, 2011, at the Bartlett Grain Company in 1185: 1180: 2984:

Vanishing Landmarks: Photographs of standing and demolished Grain Elevators with information and maps.

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in the late 1980s and abandoned around the turn of the 21st century. The elevator was demolished by

985: 344:, a common design used from the early 1900s to mid-1980s: The former Ogilvie Flour Mill elevator in 3036: 1836: 935: 768:

is, as of 2019, not designated a historic site, and is still in use as commercial grain elevators.

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Elevator operators buy grain from farmers, either for cash or at a contracted price, and then sell

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Both necessity and the prospect of making money gave birth to the steam-powered grain elevator in

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in 1906. This led to several grain elevators being burned down in Nebraska, allegedly in protest.

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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

2818: 1953: 1672: 1591: 1564: 1130: 1015: 947: 915: 909: 608: 282: 1277:, a 1906 Alberta Grain Co. and 1929 Alberta Wheat Pool Elevators now restored as a historic park 324: 2997: 1851:, killed six people. Two more men received severe burns, but the remaining four were not hurt. 1840: 1789: 1628: 1542: 1488: 1483: 1215: 1126: 630:

A recent problem with grain elevators is the need to provide separate storage for ordinary and

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Today, grain elevators are a common sight in the grain-growing areas of the world, such as the

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Our Grandfathers' Grain Elevators blog with specifications of reinforced-concrete elevators

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in the city of Richmond. The elevator was the site of the 3rd RVA Street Art Festival.

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was established after the take-over of Agricore United by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool.

504: 376:, which could theoretically take boaters in any direction they wished to go (north to 3018:, February 1930, p. 45. Drawing of how 1930s grain elevator worked at sea ports. 2730: 2680: 2583: 2124: 1984: 1806: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1620: 1558: 1526: 1499: 1416: 1280: 1255: 824: 592: 491: 439:

A merchant named Joseph Dart Jr., is generally credited as being the one who adapted

413: 353: 345: 336: 180: 169: 103: 2005:"Descriptions of types of grain elevators licensed by the Canadian Grain Commission" 938:

was established in 1857 by James Richardson; it is also known as Richardson Pioneer.

2665: 1938: 1855: 1848: 1750: 1595: 1367: 1346: 1339: 1241: 1189: 1119: 1036: 749: 599: 522:. Larger terminal elevators are found at distribution centers, such as Chicago and 432: 369: 154: 1561:– The largest transfer elevator in the world at the time of its completion in 1917 2504: 2486: 1844: 1447: 1435: 1290: 1231: 1221: 1198: 1153: 919: 858: 810: 802: 753: 646: 581: 393: 361: 135: 120: 1948: 1867: 1832: 1818: 1713: 1510: 1454:

in the Canton of Zürich – 118 m (387 ft) high, rebuilt by April 2016.

1314: 1218:– a refurbished Alberta Wheat Pool, Pacific Grain elevator and CN train station 1203: 1075: 794: 737: 658: 654: 638: 547: 452: 397: 341: 196: 116: 2979:

Complete Photographic Record of the Remaining Canadian Prairie Grain Elevators

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This is a list of grain elevators that are either in the process of becoming

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The world's second and third grain elevators were built in Toledo, Ohio, and

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Dictionary of Canadian Biography: De 1921 à 1930 - Ramsay Cook, Jean Hamelin

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from its construction in 1956–1957 until its demolition in December 2005

1687: 1162:– Alberta Wheat Pool used as a museum complete with a train station and 664: 1176: 669: 550:, holds the title of most grain storage capacity in the United States. 357: 296: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3002: 2371: 1933: 1419:– once the tallest building in Cape Town, now restored to become the 1148: 1138: 830: 820: 790: 727: 558: 553: 428: 409: 385: 232: 3007: 618: 271: 2211: 2190: 1475: 1381: 1354: 1168: 814: 741: 726:

In Canada, the term "elevator row" refers to a row of four or more

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with a total of four elevators. Now designated and protected as a

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Alberta Wheat Pool elevator Ltd. wooden cribbed elevator at the

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All companies operating elevators in Canada are licensed by the

134:, the term "grain elevator" also describes a tower containing a 1899: 1828: 1110: 1079: 798: 645:.) To prevent this, elevators have very rigorous rules against 573: 509: 377: 2325: 1206:– former Alberta Wheat Pool saved from demolition now a museum 972:

In Sweden, the vast majority of grain elevators belong to the

823:, a co-operative company, was established by grain growers in 372:, and beyond it, the Port of Buffalo; the other comprised the 2751:"From bust to boom: Deserted Norfolk facility to be exploded" 1824: 607:

administration of grain elevators. An example of this is the

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Typical "wood-cribbed" design for grain elevators throughout

204: 143: 99: 1675:, elevator constructed of hollow red clay tiles, located in 1505: 591:

Old wooden cribbed grain elevator and livestock feedmill in

2886:"A report of grain dust explosions that took place in 1997" 2855:"A report of grain dust explosions that took place in 1994" 2841:"3 killed, 3 missing after Kansas grain elevator explosion" 2118: 1928: 401: 147: 130:

is a facility designed to stockpile or store grain. In the

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

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Canadian Prairie grain elevators were the subjects of the

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grain to reduce the risk of accidental mixing of the two.

2978: 2096:. State University of New York at Buffalo. Archived from 1313:(1937) elevators on the edge of the downtown core in the 458: 1703:, export elevator in Philadelphia converted into offices 611:. For the same reason, many elevators were purchased by 3008:

Pixelgrain: Mapping Transition in the Canadian Prairies

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was a receiving and public grain elevator built by the

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Baltimore and Ohio Locust Point Grain Terminal Elevator

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co-operative movement, owned by grain-growing farmers.

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was taken over by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool in 1926.

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and cable-guyed grain elevator at a grain elevator in

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grain elevator, export elevator built by the city of

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was sold to the three provincial wheat pools in 1972.

2765:"RVA Street Art Festival headed to Manchester silos" 1910: 1366:– Western Canada's first grain elevator, erected by 1212:– 1966 Federal Grain Co., now an interpretive center 1188:– restored United Grain Growers elevator moved from 235:

operations are known in Australia as bulk handling.

2414:"Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Center – Nanton" 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1406:, former Saskatchewan Wheat Pool moved from Keatley 637:In the past, grain elevators sometimes experienced 2699: 1981:American Colossus: The Grain Elevator 1843 to 1943 1634:Peavey–Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator 1590:– constructed in 1861–62 on the north bank of the 950:took over Agricore United in 2007 to form Viterra. 861:was taken over by Saskatchewan Wheat Pool in 2007. 185:Peavey-Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator 2809:"June 8, 1998 - DeBruce Grain Elevator Explosion" 2063:Huffstutter, P. J.; Plume, Karl (11 April 2017). 1082:, or have been preserved for future generations. 932:was established in 1908 as the N. M. Paterson Co. 508:Silos connected to a grain elevator on a farm in 3028: 2729:. USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 22. 2062: 2007:. Grainscanada.gc.ca. 2010-01-12. Archived from 1965: 1156:– former Alberta Pacific, restored into a museum 780:Lake Shore Elevator seen in Toledo, Ohio in 1895 183:, invented the modern grain elevator. The first 2949:. National Film Board of Canada. Archived from 1823:Given a large enough suspension of combustible 1197:, former Security Elevator Co. Ltd. moved from 918:was established in 1909 by the two families of 837:in 1917, as Government Grain Elevator, and was 1099:Home Grain Co. wooden cribbed elevator at the 865:Alberta Farmers' Co-operative Elevator Company 474:flour mills or loaded for further shipment to 2615:Répertoire du patrimoine - culturel du Québec 2168:. Vanishingsentinels.blogspot.com. 2005-12-30 1741:railroad in 1929, and leased from N&W by 1351:Inglis Grain Elevators National Historic Site 1322:first-growth timbers and historic equipment. 1179:converted into restaurants, law offices, and 758:Inglis Grain Elevators National Historic Site 722:Inglis Grain Elevators National Historic Site 2370:. Mayerthorpe.ca. 2012-12-06. Archived from 2347:"Alberta Legacy Development Society – Leduc" 879:merged with Manitoba Pool Elevators in 1997. 873:was taken over by Federal Grain Co. in 1967. 2693: 2637:"Sukanen Ship Pioneer Village & Museum" 2608: 1404:North Battleford Western Development Museum 797:, the Australian Barley Board, in 1939, by 2437:. Townlife.com. 2008-09-24. Archived from 1317:. The two buildings were purchased by the 1246:Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum 1116:Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum 1069: 956:was taken over by Agricore United in 2001. 942:Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company 3003:Bruce Selyem, Grain Elevator Photographer 1625:Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company 1267:, former Alberta Wheat Pool, now a museum 901:merged into United Grain Growers in 1917. 867:merged into United Grain Growers in 1917. 312:Learn how and when to remove this message 172:. Using the steam-powered flour mills of 65:Learn how and when to remove this message 2989:Grain Elevators: Buffalo's Lost Industry 2832: 2046:"Grain elevator explosion rocks Halifax" 1686: 1504: 1493: 1482: 1474: 1430: 1330: 1226:Canadian Grain Elevator Discovery Centre 1109: 1094: 984: 775: 703:A view along Buffalo's "Elevator Alley". 698: 663: 617: 586: 552: 503: 457: 356:, in 1843. Due to the completion of the 335: 323: 214: 210: 146:from a lower level and deposits it in a 111: 1421:Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa 1395:Sukanen Ship Pioneer Village and Museum 912:merged with Alberta Wheat Pool in 1997. 328:The Port Perry mill and grain elevator, 3029: 2838: 2685:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2252: 2119:Cook, Michael; Papciak, Bryan (2010). 1812: 1771:is the tallest structure south of the 1397:– former Victoria – McCabe moved from 2944: 2724: 2542:"Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village" 2257:. Canadiannorthern.ca. Archived from 2027: 2025: 1978: 1835:can occur. The 1878 explosion of the 1788:, tile grain elevator built in 1922. 1646:, in St. Paul, Minnesota, on the NRHP 1571:; demolished September 2022-May 2023. 771: 2909: 2702:"Der Swissmill-Tower spaltet Zürich" 2575: 1691:Reading Company Grain Elevator near 992:grain-distribution facility detail, 817:, operates facilities in some areas. 544:National Register of Historic Places 540:Historic American Engineering Record 294:adding citations to reliable sources 265: 18: 2938: 2519:. Boomtowntrail.com. Archived from 1644:Saint Paul Municipal Grain Terminal 1296: 1289:– former Home Grain Co. moved from 1287:Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village 1101:Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village 13: 2639:. Sukanenmuseum.ca. Archived from 2022: 1716:, tallest occupiable structure in 1575:Wollenberg Grain and Seed Elevator 1487:Ranchway Feeds mill and elevator, 1470: 1265:Spruce Grove Grain Elevator Museum 1254:, United Grain Growers moved from 651:explosion-proof electrical devices 14: 3053: 2967: 2700:Florian Niedermann (2016-04-27). 2212:"Alberta Central Railroad Museum" 1763:originally built in the 1940s by 1458: 1353:, last surviving elevator row in 905:Lake of the Woods Milling Company 762:National Historic Sites of Canada 694: 3013:"Inside a Modern Grain Elevator" 2839:Sutton, Joe (October 30, 2011). 2147:. Grainscanada.gc.ca. 2002-05-05 1913: 1359:National Historic Site of Canada 1195:Heritage Park Historical Village 980: 270: 85: 23: 2878: 2847: 2779: 2757: 2743: 2718: 2654: 2629: 2602: 2582:. University of Toronto Press. 2569: 2555: 2534: 2509: 2491: 2473: 2460:"South Peace Centennial Museum" 2452: 2427: 2406: 2385: 2360: 2339: 2318: 2297: 2272: 2246: 2225: 2204: 2179: 1893:During the sixth season of the 1831:dust in the air, a significant 1707: 1682: 1650: 1410: 1388: 1145:Alberta Central Railroad Museum 715: 281:needs additional citations for 219:Saskatchewan Wheat Pool No. 7, 2480:St. Albert Grain Elevator Park 2235:. Albertasource.ca. 2010-12-08 2158: 2137: 2112: 2082: 2056: 2038: 1997: 1701:Reading Company Grain Elevator 1657:North Dakota Mill and Elevator 1426: 1275:St. Albert Grain Elevator Park 499:Interstate Commerce Commission 1: 2974:Grain elevators in West Texas 2925:National Film Board of Canada 1959: 1880:National Film Board of Canada 1803:Sheridan Flouring Mills, Inc. 1545:, built between 1905 and 1931 1252:South Peace Centennial Museum 871:Alberta Pacific Grain Company 835:government of New South Wales 736:In the early pioneer days of 2189:. 2009-08-16. Archived from 1779: 1695:, now converted into offices 1614: 1064:FM Bulk Handling - Fjordvejs 899:Grain Growers' Grain Company 784: 7: 2090:"Grain Elevator Conference" 1906: 1805:, an industrial complex in 1759:silos, a grain elevator in 1724: 1666: 1581: 1536: 1516: 1326: 1085: 1042:Southern States Cooperative 885:was established in 1865 by 168:, an engineer, in 1842, in 150:or other storage facility. 10: 3058: 2282:. Rmlo.com. Archived from 1979:Brown, William J. (2013). 1854:Almost any finely divided 1816: 1796: 1767:, and currently leased by 1186:Heritage Acres Farm Museum 1090: 1057: 719: 261: 2280:"Ritchie Mill – Edmonton" 1693:Center City, Philadelphia 1661:Grand Forks, North Dakota 1638:St. Louis Park, Minnesota 1555:Concrete-Central Elevator 1498:Circle B grain elevator, 1479:Wheeler Elevator, Buffalo 1374: 966: 852:Canadian Grain Commission 845: 563:Hemingway, South Carolina 451:, with the coming of the 84: 79: 2996:: A bibliography by The 2393:"Meeting Creek elevator" 2187:"Acadia Valley elevator" 1873: 1527:grain terminal elevators 936:Richardson International 916:Parrish & Heimbecker 760:has been protected as a 104:(Click for aerial video) 3016:Popular Science Monthly 2994:Buffalo Grain Elevators 2727:Diet for a large planet 2326:"Calgary Heritage Park" 1954:List of grain elevators 1673:Ingersoll Tile Elevator 1601: 1592:Illinois-Michigan Canal 1569:Great Northern Railroad 1567:, built in 1897 by the 1565:Great Northern Elevator 1442:in the Canton of Zürich 1131:Prairie Elevator Museum 1070:Notable grain elevators 1016:Monarch Engineering Co. 948:Saskatchewan Wheat Pool 910:Manitoba Pool Elevators 833:was established by the 609:Saskatchewan Wheat Pool 2998:Buffalo History Museum 2817:. 1998. Archived from 2503:July 21, 2009, at the 2485:July 21, 2009, at the 2368:"Mayerthorpe elevator" 2214:. Abcentralrailway.com 1841:Minneapolis, Minnesota 1790:Sun Prairie, Wisconsin 1696: 1629:Minneapolis, Minnesota 1543:American Grain Complex 1513: 1502: 1491: 1489:Fort Collins, Colorado 1480: 1443: 1342: 1238:restored into a museum 1122: 1107: 996: 781: 704: 672: 627: 595: 565: 512: 463: 349: 333: 224: 123: 45:by rewriting it in an 16:Grain storage building 2945:Smith, Bryan (2003). 2725:Otter, Chris (2020). 2576:Cook, Ramsay (2005). 2416:. Nantonelevators.com 2395:. Canadiannorthern.ca 2255:"Big Valley elevator" 2166:"Vanishing Sentinels" 1858:substance becomes an 1690: 1608:Historic Ely Elevator 1549:Cargill Pool Elevator 1525:, one of the largest 1508: 1497: 1486: 1478: 1465:Manchester Ship Canal 1434: 1334: 1113: 1098: 988: 779: 702: 667: 621: 590: 556: 507: 461: 339: 327: 218: 211:Usage and definitions 115: 2947:"Death of a Skyline" 2821:on February 12, 2008 2609:Laure Emery (2013). 2094:Urban Design Project 1786:Chase Grain Elevator 1640:, built in 1899–1900 1319:Columbia Basin Trust 1311:United Grain Growers 1052:United Grain Growers 1022:Montana Elevator Co. 954:United Grain Growers 924:Norman G. Heimbecker 632:genetically modified 348:, was built in 1925. 290:improve this article 2706:Limmattaler Zeitung 2611:"Silo à grain no 5" 2544:. Tapor.ualberta.ca 2517:"Stettler elevator" 2498:St. Albert elevator 2349:. Leducelevator.com 1813:Elevator explosions 1739:Norfolk and Western 1677:Ingersoll, Oklahoma 1531:Baltimore, Maryland 1336:Inglis elevator row 1027:Perdue Agribusiness 766:Warner elevator row 752:, and the other in 2767:. 12 November 2014 2193:on August 16, 2009 1983:. Colossal Books. 1921:Agriculture portal 1888:Death of a Skyline 1860:explosive material 1761:Richmond, Virginia 1697: 1588:Armour's Warehouse 1514: 1503: 1492: 1481: 1444: 1343: 1307:Alberta Wheat Pool 1236:Krause Milling Co. 1135:Alberta Wheat Pool 1123: 1108: 997: 994:Idaho Falls, Idaho 877:Alberta Wheat Pool 782: 772:Elevator companies 705: 678:Ellerslie, Alberta 673: 628: 596: 566: 513: 464: 350: 334: 241:Canadian Grain Act 229:Australian English 225: 164:, a merchant, and 142:, which scoops up 140:pneumatic conveyor 124: 119:grain elevator in 94:grain elevator in 47:encyclopedic style 34:is written like a 2736:978-0-226-69710-9 2435:"Radway elevator" 2328:. Heritagepark.ca 2233:"Castor elevator" 2123:. Furnace Press. 1837:Washburn "A" Mill 1807:Sheridan, Wyoming 1743:Continental grain 1621:Ceresota Building 1559:Buffalo, New York 1500:Concordia, Kansas 1417:Port of Cape Town 1137:converted into a 825:Western Australia 793:was founded as a 733:grain elevators. 600:futures contracts 593:Estherville, Iowa 557:Corrugated-steel 542:and added to the 433:block and tackles 414:Mississippi River 408:, and shipped on 396:, or east to the 354:Buffalo, New York 346:Wrentham, Alberta 322: 321: 314: 181:Charles F. Haglin 170:Buffalo, New York 110: 109: 75: 74: 67: 3049: 3042:Grain production 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2921:Documentary film 2917:"Grain Elevator" 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2891:. Archived from 2890: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2872: 2866: 2860:. Archived from 2859: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2753:. 2 August 2008. 2747: 2741: 2740: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2684: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2664:. Archived from 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2596: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2513: 2507: 2495: 2489: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2379: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2307:. Heritage Acres 2305:"Heritage Acres" 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2042: 2036: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1976: 1939:Grain entrapment 1923: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1849:Atchison, Kansas 1751:Norfolk Southern 1596:Seneca, Illinois 1368:William Hespeler 1340:Inglis, Manitoba 1297:British Columbia 1120:Scandia, Alberta 1037:Smithfield Grain 750:Inglis, Manitoba 657:, switches, and 622:These houses in 427:; work teams of 317: 310: 306: 303: 297: 274: 266: 89: 77: 76: 70: 63: 59: 56: 50: 27: 26: 19: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3037:Grain elevators 3027: 3026: 2970: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2837: 2833: 2824: 2822: 2814:City of Wichita 2807: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2789:. 19 April 2016 2785: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2723: 2719: 2710: 2708: 2698: 2694: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2662:"Archived copy" 2660: 2659: 2655: 2646: 2644: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2607: 2603: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2547: 2545: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2505:Wayback Machine 2496: 2492: 2487:Wayback Machine 2478: 2474: 2465: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2419: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2377: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2289: 2287: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2264: 2262: 2251: 2247: 2238: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2101: 2100:on 4 March 2016 2088: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2061: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2023: 2014: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1977: 1966: 1962: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1895:History Channel 1876: 1868:dust explosions 1845:Wichita, Kansas 1821: 1815: 1799: 1782: 1757:Southern States 1727: 1710: 1685: 1669: 1653: 1617: 1604: 1584: 1539: 1519: 1473: 1461: 1448:Swissmill Tower 1436:Swissmill Tower 1429: 1413: 1391: 1377: 1329: 1299: 1093: 1088: 1072: 1060: 983: 969: 920:William Parrish 859:Agricore United 848: 811:demutualization 803:South Australia 787: 774: 754:Warner, Alberta 724: 718: 697: 655:electric motors 639:silo explosions 445:Dart's Elevator 362:New York Harbor 318: 307: 301: 298: 287: 275: 264: 213: 136:bucket elevator 121:Hope, Minnesota 106: 102: 71: 60: 54: 51: 43:help improve it 40: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3055: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3025: 3024: 3019: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2968:External links 2966: 2964: 2963: 2937: 2908: 2877: 2846: 2831: 2800: 2778: 2756: 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2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2953:on 2012-04-03 2952: 2948: 2941: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2912: 2898:on 2007-01-24 2894: 2887: 2881: 2867:on 2007-01-24 2863: 2856: 2850: 2842: 2835: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2788: 2782: 2766: 2760: 2752: 2746: 2738: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2707: 2704:(in German). 2703: 2696: 2688: 2682: 2668:on 2012-06-22 2667: 2663: 2657: 2643:on 2013-02-18 2642: 2638: 2632: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2591: 2589:9780802090874 2585: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2564: 2558: 2543: 2537: 2523:on 2012-03-01 2522: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2494: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2441:on 2016-12-24 2440: 2436: 2430: 2415: 2409: 2394: 2388: 2374:on 2016-04-04 2373: 2369: 2363: 2348: 2342: 2327: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2286:on 2017-07-30 2285: 2281: 2275: 2261:on 2013-10-03 2260: 2256: 2249: 2234: 2228: 2213: 2207: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2167: 2161: 2146: 2140: 2132: 2130:9780977274260 2126: 2122: 2115: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2070: 2066: 2059: 2052:. 2003-08-08. 2051: 2047: 2041: 2034: 2028: 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CNN.com. 2825:2007-06-22 2711:2016-05-19 2672:2012-04-09 2647:2013-03-28 2595:2013-03-28 2548:2013-03-28 2527:2013-03-28 2466:2013-03-28 2445:2013-03-28 2420:2013-03-28 2399:2013-03-28 2378:2013-03-28 2353:2013-03-28 2332:2013-03-28 2311:2013-03-28 2290:2013-03-28 2265:2013-03-28 2239:2013-03-28 2218:2013-03-28 2197:2013-03-28 2172:2013-03-28 2151:2013-03-28 2145:"licences" 2015:2013-03-28 1960:References 1817:See also: 1364:Niverville 1271:St. Albert 1177:flour mill 1164:roundhouse 1160:Big Valley 1141:and museum 974:Lantmännen 839:privatized 827:, in 1933. 720:See also: 670:Edon, Ohio 578:Hutchinson 559:grain bins 472:East Coast 429:stevedores 380:, west to 358:Erie Canal 2462:. 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