1139:
1152:
954:
and osteoporosis. Rare, but potentially serious adverse events include transient worsening of prostate cancer due to surge in testosterone with initial injection of GnRH agonists and pituitary apoplexy in patients with pituitary adenoma. Single instances of clinically apparent liver injury have been reported with some GnRH agonists (histrelin, goserelin), but the reports were not very convincing. There is no evidence to indicate that there is cross sensitivity to liver injury among the various GnRH analogues despite their similarity in structure. There is also a report that GnRH agonists used in the treatment of advanced
1011:(LH). However, after the initial "flare" response, continued stimulation with GnRH agonists desensitizes the pituitary gland (by causing GnRH receptor downregulation) to GnRH. Pituitary desensitization reduces the secretion of LH and FSH and thus induces a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadal anovulation, sometimes referred to as "pseudomenopause" or "medical oophorectomy". GnRH agonists are able to completely shutdown gonadal testosterone production and thereby suppress circulating testosterone levels by 95% or into the castrate/female range in men.
1261:
1331:
1303:
1233:
1247:
1219:
1317:
1275:
1289:
40:
1138:
1151:
1023:
is the therapeutic goal. During the flare, peak levels of testosterone occur after 2 to 4 days, baseline testosterone levels are returned to by 7 to 8 days, and castrate levels of testosterone are achieved by two to four weeks. A 7 day study of infertile women found that restoration of
1976:
Initial administration of LHRH agonists reliably causes a transient rise in serum T, with peak T values observed at 2–4 d followed by a reduction to baseline values by 7–8 d, and achievement of castrate levels by 2–4 wk . Most studies demonstrate an increase in peak serum T concentrations by 40–100%
953:
Common side effects of the GnRH agonists and antagonists include symptoms of hypogonadism such as hot flashes, gynecomastia, fatigue, weight gain, fluid retention, erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. Long term therapy can result in metabolic abnormalities, weight gain, worsening of diabetes
1178:
GnRH agonists are synthetically modeled after the natural GnRH decapeptide with specific modifications, usually double and single substitutions and typically in position 6 (amino acid substitution), 9 (alkylation) and 10 (deletion). These substitutions inhibit rapid degradation. Agonists with two
1014:
Agonists do not quickly dissociate from the GnRH receptor. As a result, initially there is an increase in FSH and LH secretion (so-called "flare effect"). Levels of LH may increase by up to 10-fold, while levels of testosterone generally increase to 140 to 200% of baseline values. However, after
2270:
Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, Andreou C, Persson BE, Cantor P, Jensen JK, Olesen TK, Schröder FH (December 2008). "The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer".
1989:
Cedrin-Durnerin I, Bidart JM, Robert P, Wolf JP, Uzan M, Hugues JN (May 2000). "Consequences on gonadotrophin secretion of an early discontinuation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist administration in short-term protocol for in-vitro fertilization".
1114:
1144:
Testosterone levels during the first month of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer treated with subcutaneous injections of a GnRH antagonist (degarelix) or agonist (leuprorelin). Doses were 240 then 80 mg/month and 7.5 mg/month,
1157:
Testosterone levels in the long-term androgen deprivation therapy of men with prostate cancer by different GnRH agonists administered at 3 month intervals (goserelin, triptorelin and leuprorelin). Dotted line is the threshold for the castrate
1829:
LiverTox: Clinical and
Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury . Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogues. . Available from:
1107:
1100:
2109:
Kotake T, Usami M, Akaza H, Koiso K, Homma Y, Kawabe K, Aso Y, Orikasa S, Shimazaki J, Isaka S, Yoshida O, Hirao Y, Okajima E, Naito S, Kumazawa J, Kanetake H, Saito Y, Ohi Y, Ohashi Y (November 1999).
854:. Injectables have been formulated for daily, monthly, and quarterly use, and implants are available that can last from one month to a year. With the exception of gonadorelin, which is used as a
2112:"Goserelin acetate with or without antiandrogen or estrogen in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in Japan. Zoladex Study Group"
479:
have been pretreated with GnRH agonists to reduce the risk of oocyte loss during such therapy and preserve ovarian function. Further studies are necessary to prove that this approach is useful.
2308:"Effectiveness of three different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in the chemical castration of patients with prostate cancer: Goserelin versus triptorelin versus leuprolide"
3422:
2186:
Sugiono M, Winkler MH, Okeke AA, Benney M, Gillatt DA (2005). "Bicalutamide vs cyproterone acetate in preventing flare with LHRH analogue therapy for prostate cancer--a pilot study".
2074:
Vis AN, van der Sluis TM, Al-Itejawi HH, van
Moorselaar RJ, Meuleman EJ (January 2015). "Risk of disease flare with LHRH agonist therapy in men with prostate cancer: myth or fact?".
1683:"Treatment of Paraphilic Disorders in Sexual Offenders or Men With a Risk of Sexual Offending With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists: An Updated Systematic Review"
2151:
Shimizu TS, Shibata Y, Jinbo H, Satoh J, Yamanaka H (1995). "Estramustine phosphate for preventing flare-up in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue depot therapy".
634:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine diseases (endometrial thinning agent); Uterine fibroids; Uterine hemorrhage
3008:
3843:
3415:
394:
that are hormonally sensitive and where a hypogonadal state decreases the chances of a recurrence. Thus they are commonly employed in the medical management of
3363:
3782:
3767:
231:
among other uses. It is also used in the suppression of spontaneous ovulation as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, an essential component in
3408:
2957:
3389:
2405:
611:
Cryptorchidism; Delayed puberty; Diagnostic agent (pituitary disorders); Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
3679:
365:(IVF). Typically, after GnRH agonists have induced a state of hypoestrogenism, exogenous FSH is given to stimulate ovarian follicle, followed by
3001:
384:
351:
1027:
Various medications can be used to prevent the testosterone flare and/or its effects at the initiation of GnRH agonist therapy. These include
3540:
767:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Paraphilias; Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
3623:
3550:
3400:
387:, because using GnRH agonist for that purpose as well inactivates the axis for which it is intended to work for final maturation induction.
1173:
3798:
3633:
3628:
3613:
3593:
3578:
323:
GnRH was discovered in 1971, and GnRH analogues were introduced for medical use in the 1980s. Their nonproprietary names usually end in
3603:
3525:
3475:
3470:
2975:
2575:
3608:
2994:
2525:
1376:
1127:
545:
Breast cancer; Endometrial hyperplasia; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
2431:
1942:
Krakowsky Y, Morgentaler A (July 2017). "Risk of
Testosterone Flare in the Era of the Saturation Model: One More Historical Myth".
3451:
3431:
2439:
2028:
Scaletscky R, Smith JA (April 1993). "Disease flare with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. How serious is it?".
3838:
2690:
3728:
3120:
2924:
1877:
1814:
1787:
1760:
1733:
1618:
1591:
1520:
1493:
1466:
2970:
2965:
2398:
2378:
3181:
2756:
2660:
2231:"Strategies to Circumvent Testosterone Surge and Disease Flare in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Emerging Treatment Paradigms"
355:
379:
after having performed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Usage of GnRH agonist for this purpose necessitates using a
3191:
2363:
1015:
continuous administration, a profound hypogonadal effect (i.e. decrease in FSH and LH) is achieved through receptor
3171:
3146:
3017:
2941:
3242:
2391:
297:
3500:
3254:
3201:
2730:
2414:
2383:
1371:
979:
461:
320:. When used to suppress gonadotropin release, GnRH agonists can lower sex hormone levels by 95% in both sexes.
1843:
3358:
3196:
3186:
3430:
3752:
3703:
3098:
2873:
2612:
2607:
1080:
1004:
366:
3833:
2881:
2229:
Pokuri VK, Nourkeyhani H, Betsy B, Herbst L, Sikorski M, Spangenthal E, Fabiano A, George S (July 2015).
220:
1869:
Campbell-Walsh
Urology: Expert Consult Premium Edition: Enhanced Online Features and Print, 4-Volume Set
373:. GnRH agonists routinely used for this purpose are: buserelin, leuprorelin, nafarelin, and triptorelin.
3828:
866:
376:
3848:
2772:
1064:
370:
1844:"Researchers Suggest Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Can Cause Serious Heart Problems and Death"
2599:
1541:"Impact of surgical and medical castration on serum testosterone level in prostate cancer patients"
188:
3698:
3237:
3232:
3217:
3063:
2929:
997:
GnRH, which interacts with the GnRH receptor to elicit its biologic response, the release of the
142:
701:
Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Menorrhagia; Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer; Uterine fibroids
3823:
3555:
3368:
3302:
3247:
3141:
3130:
2835:
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1723:
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236:
200:
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1510:
1483:
1456:
3670:
3440:
2865:
2827:
2358:
1804:
1044:
1040:
1024:
normal gonadotropin secretion takes 5 to 8 days after cessation of exogenous GnRH agonists.
3747:
3259:
3151:
3073:
2877:
843:
839:
240:
8:
3708:
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2713:
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1036:
1008:
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442:
may receive GnRH agonists to suppress ovarian activity and induce a hypoestrogenic state.
115:
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2007:
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450:
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1971:
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1999:
1951:
1911:
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859:
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457:
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224:
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99:
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439:
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380:
281:
269:
265:
192:
95:
79:
2413:
1831:
1246:
1232:
798:
GnRH agonists that have been marketed and are available for medical use include
3777:
3317:
2935:
2851:
2817:
2805:
2627:
2003:
1699:
1682:
1635:
1016:
987:
891:
Long-acting depot injection or injected pellet (once every one to six months):
865:
The clinically used desensitizing GnRH agonists are available in the following
285:
2323:
1955:
1775:
1316:
1288:
1274:
1218:
3817:
3713:
3373:
3276:
2128:
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971:
431:
399:
305:
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135:
91:
83:
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2199:
1422:
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3108:
2723:
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2423:
2341:
2292:
2256:
2207:
2137:
2095:
2011:
1963:
1925:
1708:
1659:
1634:
van Loenen AC, Huirne JA, Schats R, Hompes PG, Lambalk CB (November 2002).
1566:
1441:
1084:
1076:
1060:
1020:
994:
991:
847:
476:
336:
313:
289:
257:
176:
123:
2172:
2049:
471:
disorders in sexual offenders or men with a high risk of sexual offending.
3545:
3520:
3505:
3025:
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2813:
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2801:
2786:
2780:
2717:
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2500:
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1308:
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1032:
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803:
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603:
435:
427:
332:
328:
293:
254:
250:
244:
204:
180:
111:
87:
67:
GnRH receptor agonists; GnRH blockers; GnRH inhibitors; Antigonadotropins
44:
2073:
1866:
Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA (25 August 2011).
1776:
Charles G. D. Brook, Peter
Clayton, Rosalind Brown (22 September 2011).
159:
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1238:
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1072:
1052:
1019:
by internalization of receptors. Generally this induced and reversible
835:
831:
581:
559:
468:
415:
to delay development of secondary sex characteristics in children with
119:
30:
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1557:
1540:
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3598:
3588:
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3515:
3510:
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1322:
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103:
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1001:
983:
967:
301:
261:
147:
62:
1806:
Principles and
Practice of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in ART
567:
Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction; chemical castration)
523:
Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction; chemical castration)
3452:
3432:
1988:
1721:
391:
2691:
2373:
39:
3729:
2269:
317:
2228:
1633:
1539:
Novara G, Galfano A, Secco S, Ficarra V, Artibani W (2009).
1406:"Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists: Expanding vistas"
2368:
508:
183:. They are used for a variety of indications including in
2185:
1538:
335:(brand name Decapeptyl). GnRH analogues are available as
327:. The most well-known and widely used GnRH analogues are
232:
2150:
1865:
3685:
Tooltip
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor
1485:
Principles and
Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism
1174:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor § Agonists
826:. GnRH agonists that are used mostly or exclusively in
3790:
2958:
2757:
2731:
2724:
2661:
2432:
2415:
1207:
are agonists with single substitutions at position 6.
488:
GnRH agonists marketed for clinical or veterinary use
48:
2108:
1636:"GnRH agonists, antagonists, and assisted conception"
422:
Management of female disorders that are dependent on
3016:
2306:
Shim M, Bang WJ, Oh CY, Lee YS, Cho JS (July 2019).
1941:
1488:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 973–.
339:. Despite this, they continue to be very expensive.
187:
and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of
2755:Sex steroid agonists (via negative feedback on the
1982:
1861:
1859:
1857:
901:Injected implant (once every one to three months):
2659:Sex steroid antagonists (via disinhibition of the
1722:Richard A. Lehne, Laura Rosenthal (25 June 2014).
1715:
3390:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
1358:Temporary suppression of fertility in female dogs
784:Hits = Google Search hits (as of February 2018).
3844:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins
3815:
2379:Information of use of Zoladex in prostate cancer
1854:
1769:
958:may increase the risk of heart problems by 30%.
475:Women of reproductive age who undergo cytotoxic
3457:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
3437:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
2069:
2067:
2027:
1937:
1935:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1802:
1748:
1606:
1600:
1573:
1502:
2894:Others (mixed or unknown mechanism of action):
2696:Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2023:
2021:
1534:
1532:
1410:Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
1399:
1397:
3734:Tooltip Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
3416:
3002:
2399:
2305:
1832:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547863/
1586:(Fourth ed.). CRC Press. pp. 131–.
1108:
915:Surgically implanted pellet (once per year):
2222:
2179:
2102:
2064:
1932:
1900:"Flare Associated with LHRH-Agonist Therapy"
1886:
1872:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2939–.
1848:Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News
1728:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1296–.
1680:
1613:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2135–.
1607:Jameson JL, De Groot LJ (25 February 2015).
1579:
1508:
2598:
2144:
2018:
1796:
1755:. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 503–.
1674:
1529:
1394:
745:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
698:Lupron; Eligard; Procren; Prostap; Staladex
679:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
589:Veterinary medicine (assisted reproduction)
3773:Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin)
3719:Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin)
3423:
3409:
3009:
2995:
2406:
2392:
2374:SupprelinLA, by Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1742:
1115:
1101:
925:Nasal spray (two to three times per day):
467:As part of the pharmacologic treatment of
2331:
2246:
2127:
1915:
1698:
1610:Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric E-Book
1556:
1509:Corson SL, Derman RJ (15 December 1995).
1475:
1431:
1421:
1377:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist
858:, all approved GnRH agonists are used as
308:and work by increasing or decreasing the
1897:
1782:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 242–.
1779:Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
1448:
175:) is a type of medication which affects
873:Short-acting injection (once per day):
838:. GnRH agonists can be administered by
3816:
2736:Tooltip gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2420:Tooltip Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
1725:Pharmacology for Nursing Care - E-Book
1481:
1055:(diethylstilbestrol diphosphate), and
169:gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
24:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
3404:
2990:
2387:
1803:Surveen Ghumman (22 September 2015).
1454:
1403:
614:Injection; Infusion pump; Nasal spray
405:Delaying puberty in individuals with
358:, which is an essential component in
298:sex-specific physical characteristics
2961:and gonadotropin receptor modulators
1749:James L. Gulley (20 December 2011).
1580:Gardner DK, Simón C (26 June 2017).
1211:Chemical structures of GnRH agonists
936:
398:and have been used in patients with
385:suppression of spontaneous ovulation
352:Suppression of spontaneous ovulation
1681:Turner D, Briken P (January 2018).
657:Precocious puberty; Prostate cancer
356:controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
13:
1583:Handbook of In Vitro Fertilization
1345:
482:
445:Suppressing sex hormone levels in
14:
3860:
3192:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
2976:Progestogens and antiprogestogens
2576:+estradiol/norethisterone acetate
2352:
1640:Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
723:Precocious puberty; Endometriosis
16:Drug class affecting sex hormones
3172:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
3147:Autologous endometrial coculture
3018:Assisted reproductive technology
2364:Use of agonists in endometriosis
2285:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08183.x
2042:10.2165/00002018-199308040-00001
1350:GnRH analogues are also used in
1329:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1259:
1245:
1231:
1217:
1150:
1137:
982:(GnRH). These drugs can be both
253:of GnRH agonists are related to
38:
2299:
2263:
1836:
1823:
1515:. CRC Press. pp. 249–250.
1361:Induction of ovulation in mares
961:
948:
548:Nasal spray; Injection; Implant
342:
3255:Gamete intrafallopian transfer
3202:Zygote intrafallopian transfer
1977:above baseline during T flare.
1687:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
1627:
1372:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
980:gonadotropin-releasing hormone
462:congenital adrenal hyperplasia
383:instead of a GnRH agonist for
47:, one of the most widely used
1:
3839:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
3359:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
3187:Partner-assisted reproduction
2188:Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis
2088:10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.04.016
1387:
1081:androgen synthesis inhibitors
990:. They are modeled after the
367:human chorionic gonadotropins
347:GnRH agonists are useful in:
235:. GnRH agonists are given by
3753:Follicle-stimulating hormone
3704:Human chorionic gonadotropin
2874:hydroxyprogesterone caproate
2613:Human chorionic gonadotropin
2608:Follicle-stimulating hormone
1167:
1005:follicle-stimulating hormone
7:
3197:Transvaginal ovum retrieval
2971:Estrogens and antiestrogens
2966:Androgens and antiandrogens
2882:medroxyprogesterone acetate
1365:
867:pharmaceutical formulations
221:transgender hormone therapy
10:
3865:
1809:. Springer. pp. 96–.
1700:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.013
1461:. Urotext. pp. 120–.
1171:
1065:nonsteroidal antiandrogens
377:Final maturation induction
219:in children, as a part of
3727:
3678:
3669:
3450:
3382:
3364:Religious response to ART
3341:
3290:
3210:
3129:
3072:
3024:
2919:
2745:
2649:
2640:
2589:
2524:
2448:
2430:
2324:10.4111/icu.2019.60.4.244
1956:10.1016/j.euf.2017.06.008
1455:Hemat RA (2 March 2003).
780:
654:Vantas; Supprelin LA
312:of gonadotropins and the
189:hormone-sensitive cancers
158:
153:
141:
129:
71:
61:
56:
37:
28:
23:
3521:Leuprorelin (leuprolide)
3182:Ovarian hyperstimulation
2501:Leuprorelin (leuprolide)
2004:10.1093/humrep/15.5.1009
1545:Urologia Internationalis
1404:Magon N (October 2011).
331:(brand name Lupron) and
241:implants placed into fat
213:high testosterone levels
3699:Choriogonadotropin alfa
3218:Artificial insemination
3064:Male infertility crisis
2369:Lupron, by manufacturer
2248:10.6004/jnccn.2015.0109
2200:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500784
1423:10.4103/2230-8210.85575
1179:substitutions include:
426:production. Women with
316:of sex hormones by the
266:low testosterone levels
201:gynecological disorders
3556:Zoptarelin doxorubicin
3369:Mitochondrial donation
3303:Donor Sibling Registry
3142:Assisted zona hatching
3131:In vitro fertilisation
2235:J Natl Compr Canc Netw
2129:10.1093/jjco/29.11.562
1057:estramustine phosphate
371:trigger oocyte release
3634:Teverelix (antarelix)
3441:gonadotropin receptor
2866:chlormadinone acetate
1041:chlormadinone acetate
966:GnRH agonists act as
3748:Corifollitropin alfa
3614:Ornirelix (ornitide)
3260:Reproductive surgery
3152:Cytoplasmic transfer
3082:Estrogen antagonists
3074:Fertility medication
2878:gestonorone caproate
2714:Aromatase inhibitors
1898:Thompson IM (2001).
1850:. 22 September 2009.
1652:10.1055/s-2002-36713
1122:Hormone levels with
564:Ovuplant; Suprelorin
3783:Varfollitropin alfa
3768:Follitropin epsilon
3709:Luteinizing hormone
3272:Selective reduction
3223:Ovulation induction
3167:In vitro maturation
3162:Gestational carrier
3087:aromatase inhibitor
2870:cyproterone acetate
2798:prolactin releasers
2618:Luteinizing hormone
2116:Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol
1352:veterinary medicine
1089:abiraterone acetate
1037:cyproterone acetate
1009:luteinizing hormone
828:veterinary medicine
489:
337:generic medications
270:low estrogen levels
237:injections into fat
116:Chemical castration
3834:Fertility medicine
3298:Donor registration
3265:Vasectomy reversal
2946:Never to phase III
2848:diethylstilbestrol
2312:Investig Clin Urol
1992:Human Reproduction
1910:(Suppl 3): S10–4.
1482:Becker KL (2001).
1267:Gonadorelin (GnRH)
1049:diethylstilbestrol
943:pregnancy category
941:GnRH agonists are
704:Injection; Implant
570:Implant; Injection
526:Implant; Injection
487:
447:transgender people
407:precocious puberty
278:sexual dysfunction
185:fertility medicine
112:Transgender people
108:Precocious puberty
76:Fertility medicine
3829:Antigonadotropins
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3604:Iturelix (antide)
3398:
3397:
3349:Accidental incest
3059:Fertility tourism
3054:Fertility testing
2984:
2983:
2915:
2914:
2886:megestrol acetate
2777:nandrolone esters
2769:anabolic steroids
2747:Antigonadotropins
2636:
2635:
2585:
2584:
2359:Buserelin website
2165:10.1159/000475159
1879:978-1-4160-6911-9
1816:978-81-322-1686-5
1789:978-1-4443-1673-5
1762:978-1-936287-46-8
1735:978-0-323-29354-9
1620:978-0-323-32195-2
1593:978-1-4987-2947-5
1558:10.1159/000209352
1522:978-0-9697978-0-7
1512:Fertility Control
1495:978-0-7817-1750-2
1468:978-1-903737-08-8
1029:antigonadotropins
976:biological target
937:Contraindications
860:antigonadotropins
796:
795:
451:transgender women
296:, and diminished
229:transgender youth
165:
164:
131:Biological target
57:Class identifiers
3856:
3849:Progonadotropins
3792:
3763:Follitropin beta
3758:Follitropin alfa
3735:
3731:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3481:Azagly-nafarelin
3458:
3454:
3438:
3434:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3323:Semen collection
3228:Cryopreservation
3177:Oocyte selection
3049:Fertility clinic
3011:
3004:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2960:
2844:ethinylestradiol
2840:estradiol esters
2759:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2697:
2693:
2663:
2651:Progonadotropins
2647:
2646:
2596:
2595:
2461:Azagly-nafarelin
2446:
2445:
2434:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1401:
1354:. Uses include:
1333:
1319:
1305:
1291:
1277:
1263:
1249:
1235:
1221:
1154:
1141:
1117:
1110:
1103:
635:
516:Azagly-nafarelin
510:
496:Brand names
490:
486:
458:hyperandrogenism
456:Severe cases of
440:uterine fibroids
417:gender dysphoria
413:Delaying puberty
100:Hyperandrogenism
96:Uterine fibroids
50:
42:
21:
20:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3803:
3733:
3723:
3684:
3665:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3429:
3399:
3394:
3378:
3354:Fertility fraud
3337:
3286:
3206:
3157:Embryo transfer
3134:
3125:
3068:
3020:
3015:
2985:
2980:
2951:
2936:Clinical trials
2911:
2790:
2741:
2735:
2695:
2642:
2632:
2581:
2520:
2437:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2304:
2300:
2268:
2264:
2227:
2223:
2184:
2180:
2149:
2145:
2107:
2103:
2072:
2065:
2026:
2019:
1987:
1983:
1940:
1933:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1864:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1752:Prostate Cancer
1747:
1743:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1679:
1675:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1453:
1449:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1382:Progonadotropin
1368:
1348:
1346:Veterinary uses
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1292:
1283:
1278:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1250:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1222:
1212:
1176:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1121:
988:small-molecules
964:
956:prostate cancer
951:
939:
856:progonadotropin
633:
608:Factrel; Others
485:
483:Available forms
396:prostate cancer
381:GnRH antagonist
345:
282:vaginal atrophy
193:prostate cancer
80:Prostate cancer
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3778:Urofollitropin
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3738:
3736:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3689:
3687:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3461:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3243:ovarian tissue
3240:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3135:and expansions
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2855:
2852:paroxypropione
2825:
2818:chlorpromazine
2806:metoclopramide
2788:
2784:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2721:
2711:
2684:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:Urofollitropin
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2353:External links
2351:
2348:
2347:
2318:(4): 244–250.
2298:
2279:(11): 1531–8.
2262:
2221:
2178:
2143:
2122:(11): 562–70.
2101:
2063:
2017:
1998:(5): 1009–14.
1981:
1944:Eur Urol Focus
1931:
1885:
1878:
1853:
1835:
1822:
1815:
1795:
1788:
1768:
1761:
1741:
1734:
1714:
1673:
1626:
1619:
1599:
1592:
1572:
1528:
1521:
1501:
1494:
1474:
1467:
1447:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1017:downregulation
963:
960:
950:
947:
938:
935:
934:
933:
923:
913:
899:
889:
794:
793:
778:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
578:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
556:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
512:
511:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
484:
481:
473:
472:
465:
454:
443:
420:
410:
403:
388:
374:
344:
341:
286:penile atrophy
163:
162:
156:
155:
151:
150:
145:
143:Chemical class
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
73:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
54:
53:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Antiandrogens
3822:
3821:
3819:
3800:
3797:
3796:Non-peptides:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Lutropin alfa
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:Non-peptides:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:Sex selection
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Sex selection
3275:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:Other methods
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:Gonadotropins
3107:
3105:
3104:GnRH agonists
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2687:Antiestrogens
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:Antiandrogens
2667:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Gonadotropins
2588:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2424:gonadotropins
2418:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2241:(7): e49–55.
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:(4): 265–70.
2035:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:(4): 349–64.
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1551:(3): 249–55.
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1199:. The agents
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1153:
1148:
1145:respectively.
1140:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1124:GnRH agonists
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:antiandrogens
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:GnRH receptor
969:
959:
957:
946:
944:
932:
928:
924:
922:
918:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
898:
894:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:
870:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
637:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
507:
504:
501:
499:Approved uses
498:
495:
492:
491:
480:
478:
470:
466:
463:
460:, such as in
459:
455:
452:
449:, especially
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
432:endometriosis
429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
401:
400:breast cancer
397:
393:
390:Treatment of
389:
386:
382:
378:
375:
372:
368:
364:
363:fertilisation
362:
357:
353:
350:
349:
348:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:GnRH receptor
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:delay puberty
222:
218:
217:early puberty
214:
210:
209:endometriosis
206:
205:heavy periods
202:
198:
197:breast cancer
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:gonadotropins
174:
170:
161:
157:
152:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
136:GnRH receptor
134:
132:
128:
125:
124:sex offenders
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Endometriosis
89:
85:
84:Breast cancer
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
64:
60:
55:
46:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3795:
3789:
3744:
3741:
3695:
3692:
3671:Gonadotropin
3637:
3565:
3563:Antagonists:
3562:
3467:
3464:
3308:Egg donation
3103:
2893:
2858:Progestogens
2773:testosterone
2754:
2681:enzalutamide
2677:bicalutamide
2658:
2600:Preparations
2559:Non-peptide:
2558:
2533:
2457:
2449:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2159:(3): 192–5.
2156:
2152:
2146:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2079:
2075:
2033:
2029:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1950:(1): 81–89.
1947:
1943:
1907:
1903:
1868:
1847:
1838:
1825:
1805:
1798:
1778:
1771:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1717:
1693:(1): 77–93.
1690:
1686:
1676:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1609:
1602:
1582:
1575:
1548:
1544:
1511:
1504:
1484:
1477:
1457:
1450:
1416:(4): 261–7.
1413:
1409:
1349:
1177:
1123:
1085:ketoconazole
1077:bicalutamide
1033:progestogens
1026:
1021:hypogonadism
1013:
995:neurohormone
992:hypothalamic
965:
962:Pharmacology
952:
949:Side effects
940:
864:
848:intranasally
797:
789:
785:
781:
477:chemotherapy
474:
360:
346:
343:Medical uses
324:
322:
290:osteoporosis
260:and include
251:Side effects
249:
245:nasal sprays
181:sex hormones
173:GnRH agonist
172:
168:
166:
154:Legal status
29:
18:
3546:Triptorelin
3541:Salmon GnRH
3506:Gonadorelin
3114:menotropins
3026:Infertility
2932:from market
2907:Metallibure
2814:haloperidol
2810:risperidone
2802:domperidone
2794:antagonists
2781:oxandrolone
2718:anastrozole
2708:enclomifene
2526:Antagonists
2516:Triptorelin
2481:Gonadorelin
2194:(1): 91–4.
2082:(1): 7–15.
2076:Urol. Oncol
1337:Triptorelin
1309:Leuprorelin
1205:triptorelin
1181:leuprorelin
1128:antagonists
921:leuprorelin
911:leuprorelin
897:triptorelin
893:leuprorelin
887:triptorelin
883:leuprorelin
852:nasal spray
824:triptorelin
816:leuprorelin
804:gonadorelin
792:this year.
788:= Launched
760:Triptorelin
726:Nasal spray
694:Leuprorelin
604:Gonadorelin
436:adenomyosis
428:menorrhagia
354:as part of
333:triptorelin
329:leuprorelin
300:. They are
294:infertility
274:hot flashes
255:sex hormone
160:In Wikidata
120:paraphilias
88:Menorrhagia
45:Leuprorelin
3818:Categories
3646:Linzagolix
3624:Prazarelix
3584:Cetrorelix
3551:Zoptarelin
3496:Fertirelin
3491:Deslorelin
3444:modulators
3328:Sperm bank
2902:Gestrinone
2862:progestins
2832:bifluranol
2800:) (incl.,
2643:(indirect)
2623:Menotropin
2567:Linzagolix
2542:Cetrorelix
2476:Fertirelin
2471:Deslorelin
2435:modulators
1458:Andropathy
1388:References
1253:Fertirelin
1239:Deslorelin
1197:deslorelin
1172:See also:
1073:nilutamide
1053:fosfestrol
1007:(FSH) and
836:fertirelin
832:deslorelin
786:Footnotes:
764:Decapeptyl
676:Dalmarelin
582:Fertirelin
560:Deslorelin
469:paraphilic
314:production
258:deficiency
215:in women,
199:, certain
31:Drug class
3799:ADX-61623
3745:Peptides:
3742:Agonists:
3696:Peptides:
3693:Agonists:
3661:Sufugolix
3656:Relugolix
3629:Ramorelix
3599:Ganirelix
3594:Detirelix
3589:Degarelix
3579:Azaline B
3566:Peptides:
3536:Peforelin
3531:Nafarelin
3516:Histrelin
3511:Goserelin
3486:Buserelin
3468:Peptides:
3465:Agonists:
3282:Surrogacy
3092:clomifene
2942:Phase III
2930:Withdrawn
2836:estradiol
2828:Estrogens
2822:sulpiride
2765:Androgens
2704:clomifene
2700:tamoxifen
2673:flutamide
2572:Relugolix
2552:Ganirelix
2547:Degarelix
2511:Peforelin
2506:Nafarelin
2496:Lecirelin
2491:Histrelin
2486:Goserelin
2466:Buserelin
2440:analogues
2153:Eur. Urol
1323:Nafarelin
1295:Histrelin
1281:Goserelin
1225:Buserelin
1201:nafarelin
1193:goserelin
1189:histrelin
1185:buserelin
1168:Chemistry
1069:flutamide
1045:estrogens
999:pituitary
945:X drugs.
931:nafarelin
927:buserelin
917:histrelin
907:goserelin
903:buserelin
879:histrelin
875:buserelin
840:injection
820:nafarelin
812:histrelin
808:goserelin
800:buserelin
770:Injection
748:Injection
738:Peforelin
716:Nafarelin
682:Injection
672:Lecirelin
650:Histrelin
626:Goserelin
592:Injection
542:Suprefact
538:Buserelin
369:(hCG) to
243:, and as
223:, and to
104:Hirsutism
51:agonists.
3651:Opigolix
3641:Elagolix
3619:Ozarelix
3569:Abarelix
3526:Lutrelin
3476:Avorelin
3471:Alarelin
3333:Ova bank
3291:Donation
2954:See also
2864:, e.g.,
2830:(incl.,
2791:receptor
2727:agonists
2562:Elagolix
2537:Abarelix
2534:Peptide:
2458:Peptide:
2450:Agonists
2342:31294133
2293:19035858
2257:26150586
2208:15711607
2138:10678560
2096:25159013
2058:36964191
2030:Drug Saf
2012:10783343
1972:10011200
1964:28753828
1926:16986003
1904:Rev Urol
1709:29289377
1668:45436435
1660:12536358
1567:19440008
1442:22028996
1366:See also
1083:such as
1063:such as
1031:such as
1002:hormones
984:peptides
968:agonists
830:include
776:302,000
742:Maprelin
732:117,000
710:536,000
666:283,000
644:400,000
620:259,000
554:253,000
424:estrogen
361:in vitro
302:agonists
272:such as
262:symptoms
191:such as
148:Peptides
63:Synonyms
3609:LXT-101
3574:Acyline
3383:Related
3233:embryos
2897:Danazol
2860:(incl.
2771:(e.g.,
2729:(e.g.,
2716:(e.g.,
2698:(e.g.,
2671:(e.g.,
2438:(incl.
2333:6607074
2273:BJU Int
2216:9151853
2173:7541359
2050:8481213
1917:1476081
1433:3193774
970:of the
844:implant
720:Synarel
688:19,700
660:Implant
638:Implant
630:Zoladex
598:41,000
586:Ovalyse
576:85,100
520:Gonazon
392:cancers
310:release
304:of the
3681:LH/hCG
3342:Ethics
3313:Embryo
3238:oocyte
3034:Female
2925:WHO-EM
2641:Others
2340:
2330:
2291:
2255:
2214:
2206:
2171:
2136:
2094:
2056:
2048:
2010:
1970:
1962:
1924:
1914:
1876:
1813:
1786:
1759:
1732:
1707:
1666:
1658:
1617:
1590:
1565:
1519:
1492:
1465:
1440:
1430:
1195:, and
1158:range.
1079:; and
1075:, and
974:, the
822:, and
782:Notes:
754:3,240
532:9,190
505:Launch
502:Routes
325:-relin
318:gonads
3318:Sperm
3248:semen
3133:(IVF)
2692:SERMs
2212:S2CID
2054:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1067:like
1047:like
1035:like
850:as a
846:, or
842:, by
438:, or
239:, as
203:like
3791:NAMs
3501:GnRH
3453:GnRH
3439:and
3433:GnRH
3044:LGBT
3039:Male
2959:GnRH
2760:axis
2732:GnRH
2725:GnRH
2664:axis
2433:GnRH
2422:and
2416:GnRH
2338:PMID
2289:PMID
2253:PMID
2204:PMID
2169:PMID
2134:PMID
2092:PMID
2046:PMID
2008:PMID
1960:PMID
1922:PMID
1874:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1705:PMID
1656:PMID
1615:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1563:PMID
1517:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1438:PMID
1203:and
1126:and
1087:and
1043:and
1039:and
986:and
834:and
773:1986
751:2001
729:1990
707:1985
685:2000
663:1993
641:1989
617:1978
595:1981
573:1994
551:1984
529:2005
509:Hits
493:Name
268:and
207:and
195:and
179:and
122:and
118:for
49:GnRH
3730:FSH
3121:hCG
3099:FSH
2758:HPG
2662:HPG
2328:PMC
2320:doi
2281:doi
2277:102
2243:doi
2196:doi
2161:doi
2124:doi
2084:doi
2038:doi
2000:doi
1952:doi
1912:PMC
1695:doi
1648:doi
1553:doi
1428:PMC
1418:doi
978:of
264:of
233:IVF
227:in
72:Use
3820::
3636:;
2938::
2884:,
2880:,
2876:,
2872:,
2868:,
2850:,
2846:,
2842:,
2838:,
2834:,
2820:,
2816:,
2812:,
2808:,
2804:,
2779:,
2775:,
2762:):
2706:,
2702:,
2679:,
2675:,
2666:):
2336:.
2326:.
2316:60
2314:.
2310:.
2287:.
2275:.
2251:.
2239:13
2237:.
2233:.
2210:.
2202:.
2190:.
2167:.
2157:27
2155:.
2132:.
2120:29
2118:.
2114:.
2090:.
2080:33
2078:.
2066:^
2052:.
2044:.
2032:.
2020:^
2006:.
1996:15
1994:.
1974:.
1966:.
1958:.
1946:.
1934:^
1920:.
1906:.
1902:.
1888:^
1856:^
1846:.
1703:.
1691:15
1689:.
1685:.
1662:.
1654:.
1644:20
1642:.
1638:.
1561:.
1549:82
1547:.
1543:.
1531:^
1436:.
1426:.
1414:15
1412:.
1408:.
1396:^
1191:,
1187:,
1183:,
1091:.
1071:,
1059:;
1051:,
929:,
919:,
909:,
905:,
895:,
885:,
881:,
877:,
869::
862:.
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
790:by
434:,
430:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
247:.
211:,
167:A
114:;
110:;
106:;
102:;
98:;
94:;
90:;
86:;
82:;
78:;
3793::
3424:e
3417:t
3410:v
3010:e
3003:t
2996:v
2888:)
2854:)
2824:)
2796:(
2789:2
2787:D
2783:)
2767:/
2738:)
2720:)
2710:)
2689:/
2683:)
2578:)
2574:(
2442:)
2407:e
2400:t
2393:v
2344:.
2322::
2295:.
2283::
2259:.
2245::
2218:.
2198::
2192:8
2175:.
2163::
2140:.
2126::
2098:.
2086::
2060:.
2040::
2034:8
2014:.
2002::
1954::
1948:5
1928:.
1908:3
1882:.
1819:.
1792:.
1765:.
1738:.
1711:.
1697::
1670:.
1650::
1623:.
1596:.
1569:.
1555::
1525:.
1498:.
1471:.
1444:.
1420::
1116:e
1109:t
1102:v
464:.
453:.
419:.
409:.
402:.
171:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
