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well as office space, equipment and training. Sometimes this enables them to hire expertise that they could not otherwise afford. The workers include "freelancers, independent contractors, project-based workers and temporary or part-time hires". They often enjoy greater flexibility in terms of scheduling control and work-life balance. The consumers enjoy the benefit of better choices and convenience.
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delivery services, crafts and handmade item marketplaces, on-demand labor and repair services, property and space rentals. A study completed in 2016 by
Lawrence Katz and Alan Krueger showed an increase in gig workers, freelancers, and independent contractors of 50 percent between 2005 and 2015. These
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assignments. They are often disrupting a market place with an alternative form of commercial product. The corporate entities are often able provide a different type of service or product because the gig business model does not burden them with costs such as sick leave and health insurance benefits as
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presented the following definition for the term: "a labour market characterised by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, as opposed to permanent jobs". The term "gig" comes from the slang term for individual appearances by performing artists like musicians and comedians. Instead
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uses the term "electronically mediated work" to represent "short jobs or tasks that workers find through websites or mobile apps that both connect them with customers and arrange payment for the tasks." A work published in
September 2018 determined that such work accounted for 1.0 percent of total
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jobs accounted for 94 percent of all employment growth in the United States during those ten years. As of 2021, 16% of all adults in the United States had earned income through the gig economy with higher levels of gig economy experience having accrued to younger demographics, according to the
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100:. As of 2017, 55 million Americans contributed services to the gig economy. As of 2018, 150 million people were active in the gig economy in North America and Western Europe, according the
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55:
defines the gig economy as "activity where people earn income providing on-demand work, services or goods", noting that the activity is often facilitated through a digital platform such as a
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stated that the definition and the data source variations support claims from below 5% to over one-third of the labor force engage in non-traditional employment. According to
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67:, the digital platforms or marketplaces connect individual service providers directly to customers for a fee. The
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reported that during the 2010s, the gig economy grew by 15%. Forbes describes the growth as "slow and steady".
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631:"The Rise of Alternative Work Arrangements: Evidence and Implications for Tax Filing and Benefit Coverage"
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Easterbrook-Smith, Gwyn (2023). "OnlyFans as gig-economy work: a nexus of precarity and stigma".
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Anderson, Monica; McClain, Colleen; Faverio, Michelle; Gelles-Watnick, Risa (December 8, 2021).
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The size of the gig economy depends on how one defines it and whose statistics one uses. The
682:"The gig economy has ballooned by 6 million people since 2010. Financial worries may follow"
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The corporate entities employ the services of the workers for short-term commitments for
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Among the common types of digital platforms in the gig economy are those to provide
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of being paid a regular salary, gig workers are paid for individual gigs performed.
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193:
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60:
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628:
600:"Electronically mediated work: new questions in the Contingent Worker Supplement"
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Petriglieri, Gianpiero, Susan
Ashford, and Amy Wrzesniewski (March–April 2018).
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The gig economy is composed of corporate entities, workers and consumers. The
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521:"The Gig Or Permanent Worker: Who Will Dominate The Post-Pandemic Workforce?"
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the gig economy is a $ 1 trillion sector of the United States economy.
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or website and earnings may be in the form of "cash, property, goods, or
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is the economic system by which a workforce of people (known as
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Jackson, Emilie, Adam Looney, and
Shanthi Ramnath (June 2018).
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Regardless of the definition used, the gig economy is growing.
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As of
November 2022 the 10 largest gig economy companies by
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773:"A list of the top gig economy companies and apps in 2023"
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417:"What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy"
452:"Walmart's Future Workforce: Robots and Freelancers"
114:employment in May 2017. At about the same time the
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43:) engage in freelance and/or side-employment.
713:"5 Biggest Gig Economy Companies In The World"
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158:(e-commerce). Other leading companies include
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665:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
584:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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415:Vallas, Steven; Schor, Juliet B. (2020).
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254:Lutkevich, Ben and Alexander S. Gillis.
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566:from the original on September 27, 2023
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384:"What to Know About the Gig Economy"
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16:Economic system of freelance workers
610:from the original on March 28, 2023
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711:Farooq, Umar (November 14, 2022).
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680:Iacurci, Greg (February 4, 2020).
647:from the original on June 29, 2022
351:Wilson, Bill (February 10, 2017).
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771:Yuen, Meaghan (January 7, 2023).
436:10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054857
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519:Karra, Srikanth (May 13, 2021).
382:Reshwan, Robin (July 23, 2021).
166:(content-subscription service),
116:Government Accountability Office
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485:"The State of Gig Work in 2021"
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450:Merrick, Amy (April 4, 2018).
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758:10.1080/23268743.2022.2096682
554:"Thriving in the Gig Economy"
184:List of gig economy companies
389:U.S. News & World Report
353:"What is the 'gig' economy?"
142:(tax preparation software),
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10:
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604:Bureau of Labor Statistics
422:Annual Review of Sociology
218:"What is the gig economy?"
111:Bureau of Labor Statistics
150:, (hosting marketplace),
293:Internal Revenue Service
289:"Gig Economy Tax Center"
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53:Internal Revenue Service
777:Insiderintelligence.com
559:Harvard Business Review
103:Harvard Business Review
222:McKinsey & Company
32:
136:market capitalization
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85:ridesharing services
63:". According to the
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323:Fair Work Ombudsman
154:(ride-sharing) and
146:(online payments),
98:Pew Research Center
65:Fair Work Ombudsman
606:. September 2018.
224:. August 2, 2023.
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813:Peer-to-peer
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785:. Retrieved
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727:December 15,
725:. Retrieved
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696:November 30,
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612:. Retrieved
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580:cite journal
570:November 30,
568:. Retrieved
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367:December 5,
270:December 2,
47:Description
41:gig workers
37:gig economy
802:Categories
638:Census.gov
57:mobile app
25:gig worker
199:Precariat
172:Instacart
138:included
29:Deliveroo
781:Archived
721:Archived
690:Archived
661:cite web
642:Archived
608:Archived
564:Archived
531:Archived
493:Archived
468:April 5,
462:Archived
394:Archived
361:Archived
327:Archived
297:Archived
264:Archived
226:Archived
178:See also
168:DoorDash
164:OnlyFans
156:Shopify
93:package
526:Forbes
170:, and
148:Airbnb
144:PayPal
140:Intuit
121:Forbes
645:(PDF)
634:(PDF)
205:Notes
31:food.
789:2023
729:2023
698:2023
686:CNBC
667:link
653:2023
616:2023
586:link
572:2023
539:2023
501:2023
470:2018
402:2023
369:2023
335:2023
305:2023
272:2023
234:2023
160:Lyft
152:Uber
129:CNBC
89:food
35:The
754:doi
431:doi
357:BBC
91:or
69:BBC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
