36:
883:
848:
855:
4270:
4253:
4265:
4245:
862:
4300:
876:
919:, at 150 m (490 ft). The mercury had been seeping out of rusted containers, contaminating the region and sea life. One study recommended entombing the wreck under a layer of sand as well as gravel and concrete. The Norwegian government instead awarded a contract to a salvage company to raise the wreck; however, the proposed operation was put on hold pending additional studies.
890:
966:
entombing the wreck in a 12 m (39 ft) thickness of sand, with a reinforcing layer of gravel or concrete to prevent erosion. This is being proposed as a permanent solution to the problem, and the proposal notes that similar techniques have been successfully used around 30 times to contain mercury-contaminated sites over the past 20 years.
1005:
s wreck which would satisfy the environmental requirements, described as "a safe and innovative salvage solution". This was reported to be a safe, fully remotely controlled operation which would raise the submarine and remove the source of pollution without the need for anyone working under water. On
961:
around the wreck. Boating and fishing near the wreck has been prohibited. Although attempts using robotic vehicles to dig into the half-buried keel were abandoned after the unstable wreck shifted, one of the steel bottles was recovered. Its original five-millimetre (0.20 in) thick wall was found
1025:
would be entombed after all by capping her in clean fill on the seabed where she lay. Establishing that the counter fill in 2016 was a similar operation as capping, the government decided that capping could be carried out with proven technology and with minimum spreading of contaminated sediments.
610:
in 1,857 32 kg (71 lb) steel flasks stored in her keel. That the mercury was contained in steel canisters was confirmed when one of the canisters containing mercury was located and brought to the surface during surveys of her wreck in 2005. Approximately 1,500 short tons (1,400 t) of
823:
heard the torpedoes coming and also dived deeper and turned away. She managed to evade the first three but steered into the path of the fourth and imploded, split in two and sank with all hands, coming to rest in over 150 m (490 ft) of water, 2 nmi (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) West of
528:
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 kn (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 kn (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nmi (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 kn (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when
965:
The delicate condition of the 2,400-ton wreck, the rusting mercury bottles, and the live torpedoes on board would make a lifting operation extremely dangerous, with significant potential for an environmental catastrophe. A three-year study by the
Norwegian Coastal Administration has recommended
1017:
in order to stabilize the seabed. The operation involved laying approximately 100 000 cubic meters of sand and rock in a controlled and precise manner from a specially designed ship. The result was reduced risk of movement by unconsolidated sediments, including contaminated materials, during
651:
also carried parts and engineering drawings for German jet fighter aircraft and other military supplies for Japan, while among her passengers were
Messerschmitt engineers Rolf von Chlingensperg and Riclef Schomerus, Japanese torpedo expert Tadao Yamoto, and Japanese fuel expert Toshio Nakai.
1256:
Olsvik, PA; Brattås, M; Lie, KK; Goksøyr, A. (April 2011). "Transcriptional responses in juvenile
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after exposure to mercury-contaminated sediments obtained near the wreck of the German WW2 submarine U-864, and from Bergen Harbor, Western Norway".
611:
mercury was purchased by the
Japanese from Italy between 1942 and Italy's surrender in September 1943. This had the highest priority for submarine shipment to Japan and was used in the manufacture of explosives, especially
933:
mapping of the seafloor was mounted in
October 2003. The wreck was in two major sections, fore and aft, with the center section missing, including the conning tower. Further analysis was performed with a
485:
had a displacement of 1,610 t (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 t (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a
1006:
29 January 2009, the
Norwegian government approved the proposed method of raising the wreck, and the operation was scheduled to begin in 2010. The operation was estimated to cost 1 billion
896:
773:
passed the Fedje area without being detected but after one of her engines began to misfire, she was ordered to return to Bergen where an escort would be provided at
974:
The fragmented wreck contains 67 tonnes of toxic liquid mercury. Over time part of the toxic metal had spread over an area of 30,000 square metres (7.4 acres).
835:
was the subject of a highly fictionalized version in the comic book "Le dernier secret d'Hitler" by
Mathieu Mariolle, Fabio Piacentini and Massimo Travaglini.
513:
RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 PS (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two
1840:
2170:
1657:
3657:
4335:
942:, contained in 1,857 rusting steel bottles located down in the vessel's keel, was found to be leaking out and poses a severe environmental threat of
949:
So far four kilograms (8.8 lb) per year of mercury is leaking into the surrounding environment, resulting in high levels of contamination in
819:
at the U-boat's predicted position, beginning at 12:12, at 17-second intervals and at variable depths, then dived deeper to avoid retaliation.
521:
producing a total of 1,000 shp (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft)
1671:
4365:
452:
in World War II. On 9 February 1945, she became the only submarine in history to be sunk by an enemy submarine while both were submerged.
4340:
4330:
1507:
1603:
1445:
1366:
1329:
733:
penetrated the roof of the bunker causing severe damage inside, and left one of the seven pens unusable for the remainder of the war.
3818:
1833:
4360:
2163:
938:
in August 2005, locating an additional 107 pieces of vessel debris in the area, likely parts of the exploded center section. The
977:
The 2007 proposal to entomb the wreck rather than removing it was criticised by locals concerned about possible future leakage.
3650:
1629:
1300:
1223:
1643:
4345:
4306:
1772:
751:
commenced submerged trials but German radio transmissions regarding her whereabouts had been decrypted and
British submarine
1543:
1168:
1136:
1013:
In the spring of 2016, the
Norwegian Coastal Administration installed a counter fill on the slope under the bow section of
935:
4288:
3672:
1826:
602:
s mission was to transport military equipment to Japan destined for the
Japanese military industry, a mission code-named
1427:
4325:
4264:
4260:
4204:
3999:
2156:
1551:
529:
surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nmi (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph).
3746:
3643:
1753:
1732:
1707:
4273:
4269:
1813:
981:
4011:
3752:
1074:
882:
1035:
1026:
In 2024, authorities decided to retrieve the accessible parts of the mercury in 2026, before capping the rest.
4350:
2758:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
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993:
474:
146:
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2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
1010:(US$ 153 million). However, the operation was postponed after the government asked for additional studies.
1446:"The Norwegian Coastal Administration recommends encasing and covering the wreck of the submarine U-864"
1356:(Translation: Assessment and recommendation of further environmental initiatives by the wreck of U-864.)
854:
4370:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
3624:
2137:
847:
640:
when she departed Bergen. During the Norwegian Coastal Administration's investigation of the wreck of
583:
undergoing crew training from her commissioning until 31 October 1944. She was then reassigned to the
3922:
3871:
3823:
3810:
3794:
3682:
3635:
542:
321:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4026:
3928:
478:
436:
266:
12,750 nmi (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
710:
received minor damage on 12 January when the pens and shipping in the harbour were attacked by 32
4227:
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4101:
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3304:
3297:
3290:
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3269:
3262:
1702:. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.
546:
328:
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2028:
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2014:
2007:
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1993:
1986:
1979:
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1965:
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1944:
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1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1870:
1863:
627:
2118:
774:
493:
of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a
1521:
718:
1748:. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1607:
1456:
1400:
1374:
1340:
962:
to have corroded badly, leaving in places a one mm (0.039 in) thickness of steel.
4185:
4174:
4163:
4060:
1266:
992:. Mammoet, which was awarded the contract for the salvage of the Russian nuclear submarine
929:, alerted by local fishermen, that found the wreck. An expedition to gather more detail by
908:
726:
672:
584:
365:
269:
57 nmi (106 km; 66 mi) at 4 kn (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
8:
4355:
3702:
675:
archives show that there were problems with the snorkel, which needed repairs before the
580:
576:
518:
357:
1270:
572:
3863:
3736:
3611:
1849:
1147:
752:
722:
633:
460:
120:
1278:
3788:
3727:
2179:
1768:
1749:
1728:
1720:
Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939–1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
1703:
1577:
1282:
943:
939:
668:
644:
in 2005, radiation measurements were made but no traces of uranium oxide were found.
612:
607:
554:
514:
338:
4153:
1304:
1231:
807:. Recognising they were being followed and that their escort had still not arrived,
702:
for repairs, not arriving in Bergen until 5 January 1945. While docked in the Bruno
4214:
4117:
4088:
3964:
3905:
3617:
2124:
1274:
804:
742:
603:
453:
3981:
1743:
1718:
1679:
1555:
1517:
1339:(in Norwegian). Norwegian Coastal Administration. 20 January 2006. Archived from
1176:
1151:
1007:
923:
799:
In a long engagement and in a situation for which neither crew had been trained,
711:
525:. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 m (660 ft).
490:
4004:
3894:
1198:
1169:"Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary, Campaign Diary, January 1945"
1021:
In October 2018 the Norwegian Coastal Administration decided that the wreck of
759:
714:
687:
would have needed to be certified ready to sail at Horten before proceeding to
660:
494:
4319:
3719:
703:
623:
595:
According to decrypted intercepts of German naval communications with Japan,
506:
486:
191:
2148:
4192:
3971:
1286:
816:
796:) to avoid disclosing her position and later spotted the U-boat's snorkel.
730:
636:(DNV) concluded that there was no evidence that uranium oxide was on board
550:
534:
502:
448:
443:
335:
308:
41:
1672:"Regjeringen: Vurderer om kvikksølvet i nazi-ubåten ved Fedje kan fjernes"
3933:
1512:
958:
954:
606:. The cargo included approximately 67 short tons (61 t) of metallic
497:
of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two
4219:
1658:"Environmental solution for the shipwreck of the WW II submarine U-864"
1401:"Toxic time bomb surfaces 60 years after U-boat lost duel to the death"
789:
632:, which surrendered to the US Navy in the Atlantic on 15 May 1945, but
3665:
1082:
1818:
916:
522:
149:
127:
70:
1765:
Code-Name Caesar: The Secret Hunt for U-boat 864 during World War II
911:
two nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of the island of
3953:
3946:
1700:
German U-boat commanders of World War II: A Biographical Dictionary
1330:"Vurdering og anbefaling av videre miljøtiltak ved vraket av U-864"
793:
510:
166:
73:
1791:
1767:(repr. Souvenir Press, London ed.). New York: Berkley Books.
1367:"NCA recommends covering wrecked mercury-submarine outside Bergen"
1104:
659:, commanded by Wolfram, left Kiel on 5 December 1944, arriving at
1727:] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.
989:
763:
699:
538:
391:
315:
688:
498:
439:
131:
77:
1137:"Salvage of U864 – Supplementary Studies – Study No. 7: Cargo"
4282:
930:
912:
162:
1630:"Norway deals with dangerous WWII submarine wreck off Fedje"
1480:
747:
After repairs and adjustments to her snorkel were completed
1745:
German Warships 1815–1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
279:
Calculated crush depth: 230 m (754 ft 7 in)
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
950:
185:
1303:. Norwegian Coastal Administration. 2006. Archived from
683:
trials and training were conducted at Horten near Oslo.
1606:. Global Adventures, LLC. 15 March 2010. Archived from
1483:"Nazi U-Boat Imperils Norwegians Decades After the War"
1255:
803:
waited 45 minutes after making contact before going to
1048:
988:
submarine and her cargo of mercury to salvage company
236:
9,000 PS (8,900 shp; 6,600 kW) surfaced
984:
awarded the contract for the possible salvage of the
251:
20.8 kn (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) surfaced
1725:
German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
553:
anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a
254:
6.9 kn (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph) submerged
239:
1,000 PS (990 shp; 740 kW) submerged
3666:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in February 1945
1742:Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).
1644:"Maritime Journal | Submarine wreck entombed"
1432:Associated Press report on Washington Post website
663:, Norway four days later. Before leaving Germany,
537:(four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24
489:length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a
1324:
1322:
1251:
1249:
4317:
1481:Alan Cowell and Walter Gibbs (11 January 2007).
1337:Recommendation for further action, U-864 phase 1
208:4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
1398:
907:The shipwreck was located in March 2003 by the
792:as she was refraining from using active sonar (
1762:
1453:Norwegian Coastal Administration press release
1394:
1392:
1319:
1246:
1228:Norwegian Coastal Administration press release
533:was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in)
3651:
2178:
2164:
1834:
1425:
543:10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun
1578:"Norway to raise toxic Nazi submarine wreck"
922:It was the Royal Norwegian Navy minesweeper
1389:
969:
477:were considerably larger than the original
322:10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK C/32 deck gun
3658:
3644:
2171:
2157:
1841:
1827:
1717:Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).
1698:Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).
1428:"Sub Poses Environmental Threat in Norway"
998:in 2001, had proposed a method of raising
570:Commanded throughout her entire career by
119:Sunk with all hands on 9 February 1945 by
1716:
1697:
618:There was some speculation as to whether
4336:World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea
679:put to sea for her voyage to Japan. All
172:1,799 t (1,771 long tons) submerged
1584:. Agence France-Presse. 30 January 2009
1173:Royal Air Force, UK Ministry of Defence
4318:
1848:
1741:
1061:
811:began zig-zagging. After three hours,
205:7.50 m (24 ft 7 in) o/a
3639:
2152:
1822:
1301:"U-864: Extended investigations 2006"
1224:"U-864: Extended investigations 2006"
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
184:87.58 m (287 ft 4 in)
32:
4289:
1789:
1604:"U-864: Salvage operation postponed"
1399:Martin Fletcher (19 December 2006).
936:remotely operated underwater vehicle
190:68.5 m (224 ft 9 in)
4366:Maritime incidents in February 1945
1544:"Sunken WW2 submarine to be raised"
1144:Det Norske Veritas Report No. 23916
218:10.20 m (33 ft 6 in)
13:
4341:U-boats sunk by British submarines
4331:World War II submarines of Germany
1800:German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
1763:Preisler, J.; Sewell, K. (2013) .
1552:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation
1455:. 19 December 2006. Archived from
1426:Doug Mellgren (20 December 2006).
1122:
560:
547:3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42
329:3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42
226:5.35 m (17 ft 7 in)
14:
4382:
1783:
1554:. 30 January 2009. Archived from
1520:. 29 January 2009. Archived from
1279:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.019
398:9 December 1943 – 9 February 1945
370:1 November 1944 – 9 February 1945
362:9 December 1943 – 31 October 1944
4298:
4268:
4263:
4251:
4243:
982:Norwegian Coastal Administration
888:
881:
874:
860:
853:
846:
788:s diesel engine noise using her
671:. Several messages found in the
549:with 2575 rounds as well as two
466:, and all 73 men on board died.
34:
1690:
1664:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1596:
1570:
1536:
1500:
1474:
1438:
1419:
1359:
698:ran aground and had to stop in
590:
565:
314:24 Ă— 53.3 cm (21 in)
4361:Submarines lost with all hands
1293:
1216:
1191:
1161:
1097:
1067:
1036:Mercury pollution in the ocean
838:
1:
1199:"The Bases in Norway, Bergen"
1150:. 4 July 2008. Archived from
1041:
647:According to her cargo list,
551:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30
519:double-acting electric motors
336:2 cm (0.79 in) C/30
16:German World War II submarine
4346:U-boats commissioned in 1943
297:55–63 officers & ratings
7:
1371:Friends of the Earth Norway
1029:
505:four-stroke, nine-cylinder
475:German Type IXD2 submarines
10:
4387:
3625:List of U-boats of Germany
2138:List of U-boats of Germany
758:was sent from the British
740:
736:
694:While en route to Bergen,
4326:German Type IX submarines
4238:
4144:
3671:
3606:
3371:
2751:
2362:
2253:
2186:
2180:German Type IX submarines
2133:
2113:
2088:
1881:
1856:
980:On 11 November 2008, the
667:had been refitted with a
469:
459:by the British submarine
346:
137:
27:
23:
970:Environmental protection
729:Squadrons. At least one
138:General characteristics
4285:German submarine U-864
579:, she served with the
1790:Helgason, GuĂ°mundur.
741:Further information:
377:Identification codes:
311:(four bow, two stern)
4351:U-boats sunk in 1945
1792:"The Type IXD2 boat
909:Royal Norwegian Navy
585:33rd U-boat Flotilla
545:, 150 rounds, and a
366:33rd U-boat Flotilla
284:Boats & landing
4018:Point Pleasant Park
1814:Roll of Remembrance
1558:on 21 November 2016
1346:on 7 September 2006
1271:2011Chmsp..83..552O
1085:on 4 September 2007
827:The battle between
815:fired all four bow
581:4th U-boat Flotilla
577:Ralf-Reimar Wolfram
413:7 – 9 February 1945
395:Ralf-Reimar Wolfram
358:4th U-boat Flotilla
1850:Type IXD submarine
1660:. 15 October 2018.
1632:. 25 January 2017.
1508:"U-864 skal heves"
1487:The New York Times
1377:on 27 October 2007
1148:Det Norske Veritas
990:Mammoet Salvage BV
777:. On 9 February,
634:Det Norske Veritas
339:anti-aircraft guns
4371:Mercury pollution
4280:
4279:
4188:Charles F. Amidon
3633:
3632:
2146:
2145:
1774:978-0-285-64203-4
1307:on 18 August 2006
1234:on 18 August 2006
1064:, pp. 74–75.
944:mercury poisoning
661:Horten Naval Base
515:Siemens-Schuckert
430:German submarine
427:
426:
4378:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4291:
4272:
4267:
4255:
4247:
4231:
4208:
4198:
4180:
4169:
4158:
4137:
4121:
4111:
4083:
4055:
4021:
3993:
3976:
3959:
3916:
3907:Sperrbrecher 139
3900:
3858:
3848:
3838:
3828:
3805:
3783:
3773:
3757:
3741:
3731:
3714:
3697:
3687:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3637:
3636:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2149:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1778:
1759:
1738:
1713:
1684:
1683:
1678:(in Norwegian).
1668:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:on 4 August 2010
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1373:. Archived from
1363:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1334:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1230:. Archived from
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1175:. Archived from
1165:
1159:
1158:
1157:on 6 March 2009.
1156:
1141:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1081:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1059:
1004:
898:
892:
891:
885:
878:
877:
871:
864:
863:
857:
850:
787:
743:Sinking of U-864
717:bombers and one
604:Operation Caesar
601:
573:Korvettenkapitän
44:
39:
38:
37:
21:
20:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:sister projects
4287:at Knowledge's
4281:
4276:
4259:
4234:
4211:
4205:Conte di Cavour
4201:
4183:
4172:
4161:
4151:
4145:Other incidents
4140:
4124:
4114:
4086:
4058:
4024:
4000:Conte di Cavour
3996:
3979:
3962:
3919:
3903:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3808:
3786:
3776:
3760:
3744:
3738:Peter Silvester
3734:
3717:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3667:
3664:
3634:
3629:
3602:
3367:
2747:
2358:
2249:
2182:
2177:
2147:
2142:
2129:
2109:
2084:
1877:
1852:
1847:
1804:
1802:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1756:
1735:
1710:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1680:Teknisk Ukeblad
1670:
1669:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1548:The Norway Post
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:on 29 June 2011
1518:Bergens Tidende
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1254:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1179:on 11 June 2007
1167:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1049:
1044:
1032:
1002:
972:
905:
904:
903:
900:
899:
895:
893:
889:
886:
879:
875:
872:
869:
867:
865:
861:
858:
851:
841:
805:action stations
785:
769:On 6 February,
745:
739:
712:Royal Air Force
599:
593:
568:
563:
561:Service history
557:of fifty-five.
472:
285:
111:9 December 1943
95:15 October 1942
40:
35:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4313:
4312:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4215:Empire Duchess
4209:
4199:
4181:
4170:
4159:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4125:Unknown date:
4122:
4112:
4084:
4056:
4022:
4012:La Combattante
3994:
3977:
3960:
3917:
3901:
3859:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3813:Denbigh Castle
3806:
3784:
3774:
3758:
3742:
3732:
3715:
3698:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1785:
1784:External links
1782:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1760:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:. 13 May 2024.
1663:
1649:
1635:
1621:
1595:
1569:
1535:
1499:
1473:
1462:on 2 July 2007
1437:
1418:
1388:
1358:
1318:
1292:
1245:
1215:
1190:
1160:
1121:
1096:
1066:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
971:
968:
902:Wreck location
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
844:
843:
842:
840:
837:
766:to intercept.
760:submarine base
738:
735:
592:
589:
567:
564:
562:
559:
507:diesel engines
471:
468:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
415:
414:
411:
406:
402:
401:
400:
399:
396:
386:
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
372:
371:
368:
363:
360:
353:
349:
348:
347:Service record
344:
343:
342:
341:
332:
325:
318:
312:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
262:
258:
257:
256:
255:
252:
247:
243:
242:
241:
240:
237:
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
210:
209:
206:
201:
197:
196:
195:
194:
188:
180:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
157:
153:
152:
144:
143:Class and type
140:
139:
135:
134:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
103:12 August 1943
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
30:
29:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4383:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4286:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4085:
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4076:
4075:
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4063:
4057:
4054:
4053:
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4047:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3616:Followed by:
3615:
3613:
3610:Preceded by:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
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3147:
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3142:
3140:
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3135:
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3128:
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3112:
3111:
3107:
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3098:
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3028:
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3023:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
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2960:
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2813:
2811:
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2806:
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2803:
2799:
2797:
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2785:
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2739:
2737:
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2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
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2718:
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2701:
2697:
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2648:
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2627:
2625:
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2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
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2585:
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2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
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2564:
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2557:
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2534:
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2529:
2527:
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2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
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1803:. Retrieved
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1699:
1691:Bibliography
1675:
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1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
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1556:the original
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1522:the original
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1177:the original
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1083:the original
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731:Tallboy bomb
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669:snorkel mast
664:
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591:Final voyage
571:
569:
566:Early career
530:
527:
517:2 GU 345/34
503:supercharged
501:M 9 V 40/46
482:
473:
462:
454:
449:Kriegsmarine
447:
444:Nazi Germany
431:
429:
428:
390:
324:(150 rounds)
156:Displacement
122:
108:Commissioned
52:
42:Nazi Germany
18:
4155:Kommandøren
4006:Henry Bacon
2752:Type IXC/40
1513:Aftenposten
1350:23 November
1311:23 November
1259:Chemosphere
1062:Gröner 1991
1018:seaquakes.
959:edible crab
839:Rediscovery
704:U-boat pens
405:Operations:
385:Commanders:
161:1,610
84:Yard number
62:5 June 1941
4356:1943 ships
4320:Categories
4274:March 1945
4177:Pathfinder
4062:Arsterturm
3984:Trentonian
3982:HMCS
3722:Gay Viking
3673:Shipwrecks
1805:7 December
1588:31 January
1582:The Local\
1562:30 January
1528:30 January
1466:14 January
1411:14 January
1381:14 January
1238:14 January
1208:26 January
1203:U-boat.net
1183:26 January
1114:14 January
1089:6 February
1042:References
790:hydrophone
721:bomber of
555:complement
523:propellers
420:Victories:
294:Complement
289:2 dinghies
276:Test depth
231:Propulsion
169:) surfaced
4220:USS
4193:USS
4175:HMS
4164:USS
3973:Dettifoss
3965:USS
3954:USS
3947:USS
3934:HMS
3864:HMS
3811:HMS
3703:USS
1882:Type IXD2
1857:Type IXD1
1492:17 August
1405:The Times
1109:Uboat.net
917:North Sea
781:detected
753:HMS
715:Lancaster
681:Schnorkel
539:torpedoes
509:plus two
461:HMS
437:Type IXD2
410:1 patrol:
316:torpedoes
167:long tons
150:submarine
147:Type IXD2
128:North Sea
121:HMS
92:Laid down
71:DeSchiMAG
4212:18 Feb:
4202:17 Feb:
4195:Crevalle
4186:SS
4184:15 Feb:
4173:11 Feb:
4162:10 Feb:
4115:28 Feb:
4087:27 Feb:
4059:26 Feb:
4025:24 Feb:
3997:23 Feb:
3980:22 Feb:
3963:21 Feb:
3920:20 Feb:
3904:18 Feb:
3866:Bluebell
3862:17 Feb:
3852:16 Feb:
3842:15 Feb:
3832:14 Feb:
3809:13 Feb:
3787:11 Feb:
3777:10 Feb:
3720:MV
3612:Type VII
3372:Type IXD
2363:Type IXC
2254:Type IXB
2187:Type IXA
2119:Type IXC
1407:. London
1287:21195448
1030:See also
833:Venturer
831:and HMS
813:Venturer
801:Venturer
779:Venturer
775:Hellisøy
755:Venturer
719:Mosquito
479:Type IXs
463:Venturer
457:was sunk
380:M 54 842
352:Part of:
302:Armament
130:west of
123:Venturer
100:Launched
74:AG Weser
4166:Batfish
4152:9 Feb:
4118:Lautaro
3936:Vervain
3790:Persier
3780:Steuben
3761:9 Feb:
3745:7 Feb:
3735:6 Feb:
3728:Karatsu
3718:5 Feb:
3701:4 Feb:
3691:3 Feb:
3681:1 Feb:
1614:26 July
1267:Bibcode
1105:"U-864"
940:mercury
915:in the
870:12miles
824:Fedje.
764:Lerwick
737:Sinking
700:Farsund
613:primers
608:mercury
495:draught
392:K.Kapt.
223:Draught
165:(1,580
67:Builder
59:Ordered
28:History
4228:U-2336
4222:Gamble
4108:U-1279
4102:U-1018
4090:Corvus
4052:U-3007
4046:U-1208
3942:U-1276
3923:Nokaze
3913:U-2344
3890:U-1278
3884:U-1273
3872:Impero
3845:U-1053
3825:Ro-113
3796:Ro-112
3711:U-1014
3705:Barbel
3694:U-1279
3684:Ro-115
3618:Type X
3362:U-1235
3355:U-1234
3348:U-1233
3341:U-1232
3334:U-1231
3327:U-1230
3320:U-1229
3313:U-1228
3306:U-1227
3299:U-1226
3292:U-1225
3285:U-1224
3278:U-1223
3271:U-1222
3264:U-1221
2125:Type X
2089:IXD/42
1771:
1752:
1731:
1706:
1285:
1075:"U864"
1008:kroner
689:Bergen
541:, one
470:Design
440:U-boat
435:was a
331:AA gun
215:Height
179:Length
132:Bergen
78:Bremen
4307:Media
4134:U-683
4128:U-676
4096:U-327
4080:Ro-43
4074:I-370
4068:I-368
4040:U-927
4034:U-713
4028:I-371
3990:U-300
3929:TA 48
3878:U-425
3855:U-309
3835:U-989
3819:Ha-76
3802:U-869
3770:U-923
3764:U-864
3754:Ro-55
3748:CD-53
3597:U-884
3590:U-883
3583:U-876
3576:U-875
3569:U-874
3562:U-873
3555:U-872
3548:U-871
3541:U-864
3534:U-863
3527:U-862
3520:U-861
3513:U-860
3506:U-859
3499:U-852
3492:U-851
3485:U-850
3478:U-849
3471:U-848
3464:U-847
3457:U-200
3450:U-199
3443:U-198
3436:U-197
3429:U-196
3422:U-195
3415:U-182
3408:U-181
3401:U-180
3394:U-179
3387:U-178
3380:U-177
3257:U-889
3250:U-881
3243:U-880
3236:U-879
3229:U-878
3222:U-877
3215:U-870
3208:U-869
3201:U-868
3194:U-867
3187:U-866
3180:U-865
3173:U-858
3166:U-857
3159:U-856
3152:U-855
3145:U-854
3138:U-853
3131:U-846
3124:U-845
3117:U-844
3110:U-843
3103:U-842
3096:U-841
3089:U-806
3082:U-805
3075:U-804
3068:U-803
3061:U-802
3054:U-801
3047:U-550
3040:U-549
3033:U-548
3026:U-547
3019:U-546
3012:U-545
3005:U-544
2998:U-543
2991:U-542
2984:U-541
2977:U-540
2970:U-539
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2935:U-534
2928:U-533
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2914:U-531
2907:U-530
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2872:U-525
2865:U-194
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2830:U-189
2823:U-188
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2809:U-186
2802:U-185
2795:U-184
2788:U-183
2781:U-170
2774:U-169
2767:U-168
2760:U-167
2742:U-524
2735:U-523
2728:U-522
2721:U-521
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