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Over the years, 32 lighthouses were built on
Georgian Bay. Six of them were designed with limestone towers; these were built in the 1850s and are known collectively as the Imperial Towers. Some of the 32 can be toured by the public, some cannot, and some are accessible only by tour boats or private
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legend tells of a god called
Kitchikewana, who was large enough to guard the whole of the Georgian Bay. Kitchikewana was known for his great temper, and his tribe decided the best way to calm him was with a wife. They held a grand celebration, and many women came. Kitchikewana met a woman named
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Wanakita here. He decided that this was the woman he wanted to marry, and started planning the wedding immediately after she left. But when she was invited back, she told
Kitchikewana that she was already engaged. Enraged, Kitchikewana destroyed all the decorations, running to one end of
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The town of
Penetanguishene now has a large statue of Kitchikewana on its main street. There is a YMCA summer camp for youth located on Beausoleil Island, in southern Georgian Bay, named after Kitchikewana. YMCA Camp Kitchikewana, or Kitchi for short, has been located in
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left behind high ridges which were attractive sites for human occupation. As shorelines retreated, the highly mobile Paleo-Indian groups of the period were able to migrate northward into this new land. Declining water levels created two distinct lakes in the Huron basin:
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and grabbing a large ball of earth. Running to the other end, he tossed it into the Great Lakes. Thus, the 30,000 Islands were created. The indentations left behind by his fingers form the five bays of
Georgian Bay: Midland Bay, Penetang Bay, Hog Bay, Sturgeon Bay, and
665:, the Great Spirit who left the bay as a source of life for the first people) and "Giant's Tomb" are indicative of the richness of the cultural history of the area. Aboriginal communities continue to live on their territories and practise their cultural traditions.
485:. Because of its size and narrowness of the straits joining it with the rest of Lake Huron, which is analogous to if not as pronounced as the separation of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, Georgian Bay is sometimes called the "sixth Great Lake".
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traces its history back to 1883, when it was originally established as the
Georgian Bay Survey, tasked with charting and improving knowledge of the bay after a steamship wrecked there the previous year, killing 150 of its passengers.
340:. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of
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632:
McKean site corresponds to the relatively low water ebb of Lake Hough, while the Middle
Archaic Rentner site (likely a true shoreline site) reflects the high water levels of the later Nipissing transgression.
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Georgian Bay is about 190 kilometres (120 mi) long by 80 kilometres (50 mi) wide. It covers approximately 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi), making it nearly 80% the size of
556:
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704:. Brulé returned to the Arendarhonon the following year. At the same time another young interpreter trainee, a youth remembered only as Thomas, who was employed by the French
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began a mission in
Huronia in 1626. In 1639 he oversaw the building of the mission fort of Sainte-Marie, Ontario's first European settlement, at what is now the town of
500:). With Georgian Bay, Lake Huron is considered to be the second largest of the Great Lakes - if Georgian Bay were excluded, Lake Huron would be the third largest (after
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There are communities of summer cottages on the north and east shore and on the adjacent 30,000 Islands. These include areas such as
Cognashene, Wah Wah Taysee,
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1453:
Markle, Chantel E.; Rutledge, Julia M.; Chow-Fraser, Patricia (September 2018). "Factors
Affecting Coastal Wetland Occupancy for Eastern Musk Turtles (
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are at the southeastern end of the bay and are popular sites for summer cottages, as are the many bays and islands on the eastern coast. Collingwood,
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inhabited the lands along the southern coast, having migrated from the northern shores of Lake Ontario. Names of islands such as "Manitoulin" (from
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There are tens of thousands of islands in Georgian Bay. Most of these islands are along the east side of the bay and are collectively known as the "
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are characteristic of the islands and much of the shoreline of the bay. The rugged beauty of the area inspired landscapes by artists of the
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between Great Britain and the United States, one of the battles was fought in southern Georgian Bay. On August 17, at the mouth of the
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820:, who made more detailed charts of the bay, renamed it in 1822 after King George IV. His charts are the basis for those in use today.
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If Georgian Bay were considered a lake in its own right, it would be the fourth largest lake located entirely within Canada (after
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1322:
608:, a succession of prehistoric lakes in the Huron basin caused shoreline advance and retreat. The former shoreline of pro-glacial
92:
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1994:
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since 1919. Originally operated by the Midland YMCA, it is now the residential camp for youth from the YMCA of Simcoe/Muskoka.
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explorer Samuel de Champlain, made his own visit to Georgian Bay and overwintered in Huronia. He was preceded that summer by a
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warfare against the Huron around Georgian Bay in the 17th century. The Bay appears on maps of the time as "Toronto Bay".
1302:
771:, the location of an Ojibwe village located at the southern tip of the bay near present-day Midland, was developed as a
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Daniel Boyer, also likely made it to Huronia, in the company of the Onontchataronon, another member of the confederacy.
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523:. Manitoulin Island, lying along the northern side of the bay, is the world's largest island in a freshwater lake. The
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The Georgian Bay: An Account of Its Position, Inhabitants, Mineral Interests, Fish, Timber and Other Resources
1250:"The Rentner and McKean Sites: 10,000 Years of Settlement on the Shores of Lake Huron, Simcoe County, Ontario"
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presence in the southern regions of the Canadian Shield dating from 11,000 years ago. Evidence of later
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Captain William Fitzwilliam Owen. In 1822, after Great Britain had taken over the territory, Lieutenant
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Georgian Bay - definition of Georgian Bay by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia
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655:), lived along the northern, eastern and western shores of Georgian Bay. The Huron (or Wendat) and
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is located at the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula on the Main Channel. The passenger ferry
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2011:
1987:
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1170:"Nearly as large as Lake Ontario, it is one of the world's great bodies of fresh water."
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adjacent to the south shore of Georgian Bay, the transitional Late Paleo-Indian–
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The shores and waterways of the Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the
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Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
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398:, the first European to explore and map the area in 1615–1616, called it "
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895:. Owen Sound served for a long time as a shipping and rail depot for the
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as the largest town on the bay, not long after Collingwood had surpassed
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The first nautical charts of Georgian Bay were made in 1815 by Captain
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The waters between Finger Point and Thumb Point near Cedar Springs,
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Main body of Georgian Bay highlighted on the map of the Great Lakes
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450:
449:, granite bedrock exposed by the glaciers at the end of the last
402:" (the sweet/calm/fresh sea), which was a reference to the bay's
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1436:
Historical Atlas of Canada, Volume I: From the Beginning to 1800
1187:
Great Lakes Sensitivity to Climatic Forcing: Hydrological Models
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For example, at two sites along Batteaux Creek near modern-day
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Georgian Bay (bay, Ontario, Canada) - Encyclopædia Britannica
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along the southern and southwestern shores of the bay, while
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of a Royal Navy expedition named it as "Georgian Bay" (after
367:
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at the southern end of Georgian Bay, in the area now called
2247:
Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
1382:
Shaped by the West Wind: Nature and History in Georgian Bay
1330:
1362:"About | Parry Sound – Downtown Business Association"
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surprised and captured two of the three American vessels.
676:, who at age less than 20, in 1610 was sent to live as an
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settlements have been found on Manitoulin Island and near
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was sunk by three American vessels. Several weeks later,
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Eastern Georgian Bay is part of the southern edge of the
278:
1283:. Georgian Bay Destination Development Partnership. 2017
973:. Most of these cottages are accessible only by water.
864:. He then lay down to sleep and sleeps there still as
1088:
Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1987). Harris, Cole R. (ed.).
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Georgian Bay has been known by several names. To the
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150 feet (46 m) near the shoreline of Cabot Head
527:
connects Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario, running from
293:, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the
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Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
1303:"The Ouendat (Huron) Indian Legend of Kitchikewana"
1008:
Reed's dump beach on Georgian Bay near the campsite
923:are located at the southern end of the bay, around
531:in the southeastern corner of Georgian Bay through
1408:. London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society.
950:travels from Tobermory across the Main Channel to
1160:. Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
805:was avenged when British boarding parties in the
370:(Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major
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1582:
118:
692:. They travelled every winter to live with the
289:. It is located entirely within the borders of
2267:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
1568:
1538:Georgian Bay Islands National Park of Canada
52:
37:
1406:The Archaeology of Southern Ontario To 1650
1403:
1115:
1113:
328:, as well as the more populous counties of
1575:
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1148:. Britannica.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
835:
816:, who called it Lake Manitoulin. Captain
1438:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1422:
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1265:. Ontario Archaeological Society: 16–65.
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1239:
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1110:
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16:Large bay of Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada
751:Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture
734:, lived there from 1623–34. The French
390:, it is known as "Spirit Lake". To the
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1467:(3). Herpetologists' League: 236–244.
1433:
1247:
308:Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed
191:15,000 km (5,800 sq mi)
1556:
1533:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911.
1234:
1205:
1119:
757:, a Catholic church dedicated to the
543:drains into Georgian Bay through the
1404:Ellis, C.; Ferris, N., eds. (1990).
1387:University of British Columbia Press
745:. The reconstructed Jesuit mission,
461:. The western part of the bay, from
406:. It was named "Lake Manitoulin" by
352:to travel to and from Georgian Bay.
99:
2315:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
1379:Campbell, Claire Elizabeth (2005).
781:Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada
394:, it is known as Lake Attigouatan.
13:
1372:
1209:Georgian Bay: The Sixth Great Lake
1081:
874:Georgian Bay Islands National Park
14:
2485:
2062:Isle Royale National Park Islands
1496:
761:, Jesuits who were killed during
589:Archaeological records reveal an
2428:
1503:Native Languages of the Americas
1473:10.1655/Herpetologica-D-18-00002
1457:) in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron".
1429:. Toronto: James Bain & Son.
1423:Hamilton, James Cleland (1893).
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348:and is now used by a variety of
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791:near Wasaga Beach, the British
715:In 1615, Brulé's employer, the
647:, both of whom call themselves
344:, was once a popular route for
19:For the namesake township, see
2282:International Joint Commission
2272:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
1269:
1179:
1163:
1151:
1139:
879:
672:to visit this area was likely
1:
1434:Harris, R. Cole, ed. (1987).
1074:
825:Canadian Hydrographic Service
747:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
78:Taken on March 20, 2022 with
2474:Biosphere reserves of Canada
2242:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
2232:Alliance for the Great Lakes
421:
381:
7:
2108:Province of Ontario Islands
1094:University of Toronto Press
1040:
10:
2490:
1344:"Collingwood · Population"
1090:Historical Atlas of Canada
1052:Christian Island (Ontario)
580:National Gallery of Canada
562:
301:. To its northwest is the
18:
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2380:Museum and historic ships
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2138:
2113:State of Michigan Islands
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1542:Government of Canada Site
1333:of Simcoe/Muskoka website
1206:Barry, James P. (1995) .
1122:"History of Georgian Bay"
1020:Shoreline of Georgian Bay
976:
576:Pine Island, Georgian Bay
362:peoples to the north and
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175:190 km (120 mi)
171:
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2196:Midcontinent Rift System
1248:Lennox, Paul A. (2000).
1032:Sunset over Georgian Bay
814:William Fitzwilliam Owen
636:At the time of European
519:", including the larger
2017:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
1545:(in English and French)
1530:Encyclopædia Britannica
1518:. Accessed: 2006-03-28.
1516:First Nations Histories
1127:. The Pennsylvania Club
1062:Royal eponyms in Canada
547:. In October 2004, the
535:into Lake Ontario near
517:Thirty Thousand Islands
183:80 km (50 mi)
2365:Marine protected areas
2355:Lake Michigan Triangle
2257:Great Lakes Commission
2000:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
1212:. Boston Mills Press.
954:on Manitoulin Island.
848:
836:Legend of Kitchikewana
783:. In 1814, during the
586:
433:
274:
53:
38:
2206:Nipissing Great Lakes
2151:Glacial Lake Iroquois
2057:Detroit River Islands
2022:Trent–Severn Waterway
1455:Sternotherus odoratus
1176:on October 16, 2013.)
843:
753:. Also nearby is the
604:During the period of
570:
549:Georgian Bay Littoral
525:Trent–Severn Waterway
508:, but still ahead of
481:islands, borders the
465:north, and including
431:
412:Henry Wolsey Bayfield
21:Georgian Bay, Ontario
2469:Southwestern Ontario
2216:Wisconsin glaciation
2191:Last Glacial Maximum
1951:Great Lakes Waterway
1524:"Georgian Bay"
1514:Shultzman, L. 2000.
1309:on October 21, 2007.
54:Waaseyaagami-wiikwed
2350:Lake Michigan–Huron
2262:Great Lakes Compact
2252:Great Lakes Charter
2211:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
2012:Straits of Mackinac
1988:St. Lawrence Seaway
1258:Ontario Archaeology
1120:Ketcheson, Graham.
935:are located on the
866:Giant's Tomb Island
698:Huron-Wendat Nation
512:and Lake Ontario).
396:Samuel de Champlain
312:) the districts of
287:Laurentia bioregion
137: /
2459:Bays of Lake Huron
2201:Niagara Escarpment
2130:Potawatomi Islands
2118:Lake Huron Islands
1983:St. Lawrence River
1769:Grand Traverse Bay
1748:St. Joseph Channel
1738:Potagannissing Bay
1325:2010-03-08 at the
1281:Visit Georgian Bay
1192:2010-08-08 at the
849:
777:John Graves Simcoe
587:
578:, Winter 1914-16.
483:Niagara Escarpment
455:eastern white pine
434:
2441:
2440:
2370:Marysburgh vortex
2079:Manitoulin Island
2074:Lake Erie Islands
1924:
1923:
1784:Little Bay de Noc
1277:"Lighthouse Tour"
1219:978-1-55046-172-5
907:and villages of
897:Upper Great Lakes
857:Beausoleil Island
846:Beausoleil Island
789:Nottawasaga River
680:trainee with the
640:, the Ojibwe and
553:Biosphere Reserve
539:. Further north,
299:Manitoulin Island
264:
263:
2481:
2435:Lakes portal
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2432:
2431:
2340:Lake-effect snow
2139:Historic geology
1817:Hamilton Harbour
1690:Presque Isle Bay
1675:
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1586:of North America
1577:
1570:
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1553:
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1510:as preserved by
1508:"Ojibwe History"
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1320:"Overnight Camp"
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1305:. Archived from
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494:Great Slave Lake
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2099:Treasure Island
2052:Apostle Islands
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1995:St. Marys River
1978:St. Clair River
1920:
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1858:Chequamegon Bay
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1801:Manitou Passage
1789:Porte des Morts
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1716:Nottawasaga Bay
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1628:Secondary lakes
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967:Pointe au Baril
937:Bruce Peninsula
925:Nottawasaga Bay
905:Penetanguishene
899:. The towns of
887:has now passed
882:
838:
807:De Tour Passage
769:Penetanguishene
755:Martyrs' Shrine
739:Jean de Brébeuf
728:Joseph Le Caron
682:Onontchataronon
565:
551:was declared a
490:Great Bear Lake
447:Canadian Shield
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275:Baie Georgienne
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818:Henry Bayfield
732:Gabriel Sagard
696:people of the
688:people of the
662:Gitchi Manitou
610:Lake Algonquin
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541:Lake Nipissing
459:Group of Seven
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1460:Herpetologica
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303:North Channel
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196:Average depth
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141:45.5°N 81.0°W
122:
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80:Resourcesat-2
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2454:Georgian Bay
2360:Lake surfing
2186:Lake Stanley
2171:Lake Chicago
2161:Lake Agassiz
2089:Lake Manitou
1946:French River
1878:Superior Bay
1873:Pokegama Bay
1868:Keweenaw Bay
1853:Au Train Bay
1794:Sturgeon Bay
1711:Georgian Bay
1710:
1695:Sandusky Bay
1549:
1528:
1515:
1464:
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1454:
1435:
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1405:
1380:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1315:
1307:the original
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1280:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1208:
1201:
1181:
1174:the original
1165:
1153:
1141:
1131:November 24,
1129:. Retrieved
1089:
1083:
1066:
960:
947:Chi-Cheemaun
946:
921:Wasaga Beach
885:Wasaga Beach
883:
870:
850:
830:
822:
811:
802:
797:
767:
714:
694:Arendarhonon
690:Ottawa River
667:
660:
653:Anishinaabeg
652:
635:
623:
615:Lake Stanley
606:deglaciation
603:
595:Paleo-Indian
588:
575:
545:French River
521:Parry Island
514:
487:
444:
440:Lake Ontario
437:
400:La Mer douce
399:
392:Huron-Wendat
385:
357:Anishinaabeg
354:
307:
267:Georgian Bay
266:
265:
254:Wasaga Beach
188:Surface area
106:Georgian Bay
29:Georgian Bay
2412:Third Coast
2375:Megalopolis
2335:Lake breeze
2320:Circle Tour
2181:Lake Maumee
2067:Isle Royale
2032:First canal
1898:Goulais Bay
1883:Thunder Bay
1837:Wellers Bay
1832:Toronto Bay
1753:Thunder Bay
1743:Saginaw Bay
1723:Lake George
1660:Couchiching
1584:Great Lakes
1512:Archive.org
1092:. Toronto:
956:Parry Sound
933:Lion's Head
909:Port Severn
889:Collingwood
880:Settlements
785:War of 1812
775:in 1793 by
678:interpreter
649:Anishinaabe
626:Collingwood
572:Tom Thomson
533:Lake Simcoe
529:Port Severn
463:Collingwood
322:Parry Sound
242:Lion's Head
234:Parry Sound
222:Collingwood
218:Settlements
172:Max. length
146:45.5; -81.0
144: /
119:Coordinates
2448:Categories
2402:Shipwrecks
2330:Great Loop
1941:Erie Canal
1916:Anchor Bay
1822:Humber Bay
1685:Maumee Bay
1592:Main lakes
1075:References
995:Cabot Head
971:Byng Inlet
963:Sans Souci
893:Owen Sound
773:naval base
724:missionary
686:Algonquian
668:The first
619:Lake Hough
591:Aboriginal
479:St. Joseph
467:Manitoulin
408:Royal Navy
404:freshwater
372:Algonquian
346:steamships
314:Manitoulin
283:Lake Huron
226:Owen Sound
180:Max. width
2395:Laurentia
2325:Crossings
2125:Populated
2005:Soo Locks
1929:Waterways
1909:St. Clair
1863:Huron Bay
1827:Sodus Bay
1774:Green Bay
1655:Winnebago
1650:St. Clair
1640:Nipissing
1540:, on the
941:Tobermory
651:(plural:
599:Killarney
510:Lake Erie
422:Geography
382:Etymology
376:Iroquoian
342:Killarney
310:clockwise
285:, in the
258:Killarney
2417:Treaties
1846:Superior
1762:Michigan
1671:channels
1669:Bays and
1619:Superior
1609:Michigan
1489:91169298
1481:26534577
1323:Archived
1228:37863060
1190:Archived
1041:See also
945:MS
793:schooner
779:, first
763:Iroquois
721:RĂ©collet
670:European
475:Cockburn
471:Drummond
2044:Islands
1810:Ontario
1635:Nipigon
1614:Ontario
1329:on the
1287:4 March
929:Wiarton
917:Meaford
901:Midland
852:Wyandot
743:Midland
706:surgeon
702:Huronia
638:contact
563:History
537:Trenton
451:ice age
326:Muskoka
318:Sudbury
291:Ontario
246:Midland
238:Wiarton
230:Meaford
213:31,000+
209:Islands
132:81°00′W
129:45°30′N
2407:Storms
2390:Region
2292:Cities
1645:Simcoe
1487:
1479:
1442:
1412:
1393:
1226:
1216:
1100:
977:Images
931:, and
919:, and
832:boat.
736:Jesuit
717:French
710:trader
642:Ottawa
584:Ottawa
557:UNESCO
388:Ojibwe
330:Simcoe
271:French
163:Canada
61:Ojibwe
57:
46:French
42:
2385:Ports
2310:Basin
1966:Falls
1704:Huron
1604:Huron
1485:S2CID
1477:JSTOR
1253:(PDF)
1125:(PDF)
803:Nancy
798:Nancy
684:, an
657:Petun
368:Petun
364:Huron
338:Bruce
158:Basin
1678:Erie
1599:Erie
1440:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1331:YMCA
1289:2017
1224:OCLC
1214:ISBN
1133:2022
1098:ISBN
969:and
911:and
903:and
823:The
796:HMS
708:and
617:and
504:and
496:and
477:and
336:and
334:Grey
324:and
297:and
1469:doi
555:by
418:).
281:of
279:bay
2450::
1527:.
1483:.
1475:.
1465:74
1463:.
1389:.
1346:.
1279:.
1263:70
1261:.
1255:.
1236:^
1222:.
1112:^
1096:.
965:,
868:.
726:,
601:.
582:,
574:,
492:,
473:,
469:,
442:.
332:,
320:,
316:,
305:.
273::
1576:e
1569:t
1562:v
1491:.
1471::
1448:.
1418:.
1399:.
1364:.
1350:.
1291:.
1230:.
1185:"
1135:.
1106:.
559:.
374:-
366:-
269:(
63:)
59:(
48:)
44:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
