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Gallows

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152: 235:) is a frame or elevated beam, typically wooden, from which objects can be suspended or "weighed". Gallows were thus widely used to suspend public weighing scales for large and heavy objects such as sacks of grain or minerals, usually positioned in markets or toll gates. The term was also used for a projecting framework from which a ship's anchor might be raised so it is no longer sitting on the seabed, riverbed or dock; "weighing anchor" meant raising it using this apparatus while avoiding striking the ship's hull. 163: 193: 342:, meaning "power". Many old prints of European cities show such a permanent gallows erected on a prominent hill outside the walls, or more commonly near the castle or other seat of justice. In the modern era the gallows were often installed inside a prison; freestanding on a scaffold in the yard, erected at ground level over a pit, enclosed in a small shed, built into the gallery of a prison wing (with the beam resting in brackets on opposite walls), or in a purpose-built execution suite. 136: 179: 39: 385:
If a crime took place inside, gallows were sometimes erected—and the criminal hanged—at the front door. In some cases of multiple offenders it was not uncommon to erect multiple temporary gallows, with one noose per condemned criminal. In one case a condemned strangled to death in agony for forty
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while he or she was on a ladder or in a horse-drawn cart underneath. Removing the ladder or driving the cart away left the person dangling by the neck to slowly strangle. A noted example of this type of execution in the USA was the hanging of British spy
377:. The gallows was portable and was set up on the gaol (jail) gatehouse roof when needed. This gallows was first used in 1813 to hang two burglars. The New Drop design was not very effective as the drop was too short to break the neck cleanly. 522: 317:, commonly known as Tyburn Tree, was triangular in plan, with three uprights and three crossbeams, allowing up to 24 people to be executed simultaneously when all three sides were used. 618: 527: 140: 264: 167: 590: 103: 574: 151: 122: 350:
Gallows can also be temporary. In some of the cases, they were even moved to the location of the crime. In England,
75: 300:") resembles an inverted "L" (or a Greek/Cyrillic "Đ“"), with a single upright and a horizontal beam to which the 82: 60: 639: 89: 71: 414:
tended to be used, so victims dropped down and died quickly from a broken neck rather than through
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Ulfilas, apostle of the Goths: together with an account of the Gothic churches and their decline
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Gallows may be permanent, partly acting as a symbol of justice. The French word for gallows,
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Hanging people from early gallows sometimes involved fitting the noose around the person's
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In modern usage the term has come to mean almost exclusively a scaffold or gibbet used for
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that refers to a "pole", "rod" or "tree branch". With the beginning of Christianization,
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were typically executed using a temporary gallows, at low tide in the
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This article is about the execution device. For other uses, see
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Metal eyes bolted at ceiling level, as at Walla Walla Prison.
304: 281: 370:, the highest temporary gallows erected in British history. 284:, until the use of the Latin term (crux = cross) prevailed. 619:
wikibooks:A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology
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Unidentified men wait at the gallows before execution of
26:"Gallows tree" redirects here. For the folk song, see 373:
The only surviving New Drop gallows in the UK is in
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The horizontal crossbeam is supported at both ends.
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 626: 523:Digital dictionary of the German language (DWDS) 296:The simplest form (as often used in the game " 593:. Portsmouthdockyard.org.uk. Archived from 558: 550:. Cambridge: Macmillan and Bowes. p.  362:was hanged in 1777 from the mizzenmast of 170:are maintained for historical purposes by 544:Charles Archibald Anderson Scott (1885). 123:Learn how and when to remove this message 425:, England, a prominent gallows stood at 191: 177: 168:Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park 161: 150: 134: 564: 627: 421:During the era of public execution in 433:. Later executions occurred outside 141:Melquiades Chapa and Jose Buenrostro 61:adding citations to reliable sources 32: 591:"Portsmouth Royal Dockyard History" 386:minutes until he finally died from 287: 280:Testament to refer to the cross of 155:Illustration of hanging during the 13: 16:Structure for execution by hanging 14: 651: 612: 393: 292:Gallows can take several forms: 37: 48:needs additional citations for 583: 537: 510: 1: 503: 621:: Local History terminology. 345: 338:, stems from the Latin word 329: 249: 7: 466: 444: 410:Later, a "scaffold" with a 380: 10: 658: 25: 18: 368:arson in royal dockyards 324: 21:Gallows (disambiguation) 565:Konstam, Angus (1998). 212:on July 7, 1865, after 224: 189: 175: 159: 148: 569:. Osprey Publishing. 375:Rutland County Museum 258:" was derived from a 195: 187:Rutland County Museum 181: 165: 154: 138: 451:Gibbet of Montfaucon 216:has been sprung, at 143:on May 19, 1916, in 57:improve this article 640:Execution equipment 231:(or less precisely 172:Arizona State Parks 473:Capital punishment 307:would be attached. 225: 190: 176: 160: 149: 145:Brownsville, Texas 567:Pirates:1660–1730 429:, on what is now 166:These gallows in 157:Thirty Years' War 133: 132: 125: 107: 647: 606: 605: 603: 602: 587: 581: 580: 562: 556: 555: 541: 535: 534: 531: 514: 360:John the Painter 288:Forms of hanging 128: 121: 117: 114: 108: 106: 65: 41: 33: 28:The Gallows Tree 657: 656: 650: 649: 648: 646: 645: 644: 625: 624: 615: 610: 609: 600: 598: 589: 588: 584: 577: 563: 559: 542: 538: 525: 516: 515: 511: 506: 469: 461:Triberg Gallows 447: 396: 383: 356:intertidal zone 348: 332: 327: 290: 252: 210:George Atzerodt 129: 118: 112: 109: 66: 64: 54: 42: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 655: 654: 643: 642: 637: 623: 622: 614: 613:External links 611: 608: 607: 582: 575: 557: 536: 508: 507: 505: 502: 501: 500: 498:Patibular fork 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 468: 465: 464: 463: 458: 453: 446: 443: 435:Newgate Prison 395: 394:Horse and cart 392: 382: 379: 347: 344: 331: 328: 326: 323: 319: 318: 315:Tyburn gallows 311: 308: 289: 286: 272:used the term 260:Proto-Germanic 251: 248: 131: 130: 45: 43: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 653: 652: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 630: 620: 617: 616: 597:on 2020-02-26 596: 592: 586: 578: 576:1-85532-706-6 572: 568: 561: 553: 549: 548: 540: 532: 529: 524: 519: 518:"Galgen, der" 513: 509: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 470: 462: 459: 457: 456:Hangman's Elm 454: 452: 449: 448: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 419: 417: 416:strangulation 413: 408: 406: 401: 391: 389: 378: 376: 371: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 343: 341: 337: 322: 316: 312: 309: 306: 303: 299: 295: 294: 293: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 247: 245: 241: 236: 234: 230: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 196:Execution of 194: 188: 184: 180: 173: 169: 164: 158: 153: 146: 142: 137: 127: 124: 116: 105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: â€“  73: 69: 68:Find sources: 62: 58: 52: 51: 46:This article 44: 40: 35: 34: 29: 22: 599:. Retrieved 595:the original 585: 566: 560: 546: 539: 533:(in German). 521: 512: 441:now stands. 437:, where the 420: 409: 397: 388:asphyxiation 384: 372: 364:HMS Arethusa 349: 339: 335: 333: 320: 291: 273: 263: 253: 237: 232: 228: 226: 206:David Herold 202:Lewis Powell 198:Mary Surratt 182: 119: 110: 100: 93: 86: 79: 67: 55:Please help 50:verification 47: 526: [ 431:Marble Arch 218:Fort McNair 185:gallows in 629:Categories 601:2022-09-04 504:References 439:Old Bailey 405:John AndrĂ© 254:The term " 222:Washington 83:newspapers 493:Moot hill 488:Jail tree 478:Dule Tree 407:in 1780. 346:Temporary 330:Permanent 250:Etymology 240:execution 72:"Gallows" 467:See also 445:Examples 412:trapdoor 381:Portable 340:potentia 233:scaffold 214:trapdoor 183:New Drop 113:May 2016 635:Gallows 352:pirates 336:potence 298:Hangman 276:in his 270:Ulfilas 256:gallows 244:hanging 229:gallows 97:scholar 573:  483:Gibbet 427:Tyburn 423:London 282:Christ 278:Gothic 208:, and 99:  92:  85:  78:  70:  530:] 325:Types 305:noose 274:galga 265:galgĂ´ 262:word 220:, in 104:JSTOR 90:books 571:ISBN 400:neck 366:for 313:The 302:rope 76:news 552:133 242:by 59:by 631:: 528:de 520:. 390:. 246:. 227:A 204:, 200:, 604:. 579:. 554:. 174:. 147:. 126:) 120:( 115:) 111:( 101:· 94:· 87:· 80:· 53:. 30:. 23:.

Index

Gallows (disambiguation)
The Gallows Tree

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Melquiades Chapa and Jose Buenrostro
Brownsville, Texas

Thirty Years' War

Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park
Arizona State Parks

Rutland County Museum

Mary Surratt
Lewis Powell
David Herold
George Atzerodt
trapdoor
Fort McNair

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